VALUES

BELIEFS THAT GUIDE PEOPLES ACTION

REPRESENT A PERSONS BELIEF ABOUT WHAT IS WRONG AND WHAT IS RIGHT

LAY DOWN STANDARDS AGAINST WHICH INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR IS JUDGED

DETERMINE THE OVERALL PERSONALITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL AND THE ORGANISATION HE IS WORKING FOR

INCULCATED IN AN INDIVIDUAL BY HIS FAMILY , PEER GROUP, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, ENVIRONMENT AND THE WORK PLACE

VALUES

ACCORDING TO ROKEACH VALUES ARE GLOBAL BELIEFS THAT ACTIONS AND JUDGEMENTS , ACROSS A VARIETY OF

GUIDE

SITUATIONS

CHARACTERSTICS OF VALUES

PART OF CULTURE VALUES ARE ELEMENTS OF CULTURE AND CULTURE IS THE COMPLEX OF VALUES, IDEAS, ATTITUDES AND OTHER MEANINGFUL SYMBOLS TO SHAPE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN THE SOCIETY

ADAPTIVE PROCESS - CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE EITHER THROUGH A DIALECTICAL OR EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS.

CHARACTERSTICS OF VALUES

INCULCATED - VALUES ARE INCULCATED AND ARE PASSED FROM GENERATION INSTITUTIONS. TO GENERATION BY SPECIFIC START GROUPS FROM AND

SUCH

TRANSMISSION

FAMILY,

SOCIETY , EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS.

SOCIAL PHENOMENON -

CULTURAL HABITS ARE SHARED BY

AGGREGATES OF PEOPLE LIVING IN ORGANISED SOCIETY . INDIVIDUAL WAY OF THINKING AND BEHAVING IS NOT CULTURE RATHER GROUP BEHAVIOUR CONSTITUTES CULTURE.

CHARACTERSTICS OF VALUES

LEARNED RESPONSE - HUMAN BEHAVIOUR REPRESENTS LEARNED PHENOMENON. HUMAN BEINGS LEARN EVERYTHING FROM EXPERIENCE

GRATIFYING RESPONSE VALUES EXIST TO MEET THE BIOLOGICAL AND OTHER NEEDS OF INDIVIDUALS . ELEMENTS IN CULTURE BECOME EXTINGUISHED WHEN THEY NO LONGER ARE GRATIFYING TO MEMBERS OF SOCIEITY

VALUES AND ATTITUDES

VALUES DIFFERENCES GENERAL BELIEFS ABOUT LIFE STANDS FOR A SOCIAL OR CULTURAL NORM ATTITUDES DIRECTED TOWARDS SPECIFIC OBJECTS PERSONAL EXPERIENCES

SIMILARITY

BOTH ARE ACQUIRED FROM SAME SOURCES BOTH ARE RELATIVELY STABLE AND DIFFICULT TO CHANGE

TYPES OF VALUES

ALBERT SCHWEITZER


OPERATIVE VALUES

VALUE CHOICES WHICH DEPEND ON

PEOPLES PREFERENCES FOR ACTIONS AND OBJECTS e.g. IF X HAS TWO CHOICES TO CHOOSE PLAIN OR DIFFICULT PATH TO

REACH A DESTINATION ,IF HE CHHOSES PLAIN PATH IT IS A MATTER OF CHOICE AND IS CALLED OPERATIVE VALUE


CONCIEVED VALUES - VALUE CHOICES MADE ON THE BASIS OF SYMBOLISED CONCEPTS. THEY ARE MADE IN ANTICIPATION OF THE OUTCOME OF THE CHOSEN BEHAVIOUR e.g. A PERSON CAN CHOOSE ONE OF TWO PATHS ON THE BASIS OF VALUE

OBJECTIVE VALUES. - VALUE CHOICES WHICH ARE OBJECTIVELY DESIRABLE. THEY ARE NOT SENSED AS ADVANTAGEOUS TO THE PERSON DESIRABLE NOR ARE THEY CONCIEVED AS SYMBOLICALLY

TYPES OF VALUES
JONES AND GERALD

POSITIVE VALUES VALUES WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL STRIVE TO ACHIEVE ACQUIRE AND IS PREPARED TO INCUR EXPENSES TO

NEGATIVE VALUES- VALUES THAT THE INDIVIDUAL AVOIDS HE ESCAPES FROM , DEPLORES AND REJECTS THESE VALUES

TYPES OF VALUES

M ROKEACH

TERMINAL VALUES - VALUES THAT A PERSON WANTS TO ACHIEVE DURING HIS LIFETIME. THEY REPRESENT THE END STATE OR THE PURPOSE OF A PERSONS EXISTENCE. THEY ARE:-

 HAPPINESS AND SATISFACTION  KNOWLEDGE AND WISDOM  PEACE AND HARMONY  PROSPERITY

 SECURITY  SELF RESPECT  ACHIEVEMENT

TYPES OF VALUES

INSTRUMENTEL VALUES

RELATE TO

MEANS FOR

ACHIEVING THE DESIRED RESULTS. THEY ARE:-

AMBITION COURAGE HONESTY EDUCATION HARD WORK

TYPES OF VALUES

ALLPORT

ECONOMIC VALUES - PEOPLE HAVING ECONOMIC VALUES ATTACH IMPORTANCE TO WHAT IS USEFUL. THEY ARE CONCERNED WITH PRACTICAL AFFAIRS OF THE WORK

THEORETIC VALUES THEORETIC PERSONS INVOLVES THEMSELVES IN THE USE OF RATIONAL, CRITICAL AND EMPIRICAL PROCESS

POLITICAL VALUES EMPHASIS ON POWER

POLITICAL PERSONS PLACE GREAT

TYPES OF VALUES

SOCIAL VALUES - SOCIAL PEOPLE ATTACH IMPORTANCE TO LOVE AND AFFECTION. THEY CARE FOR OTHERS AND ARE SYMPATHETIC TOWARDS THEM AESTHETIC VALUES AESTHETIC PEOPLE PUT EMPHASIS ON ARTISTIC VALUE AND HARMONY. THEY MAY NOT BE CREATIVE OR ARTISTS RELIGIOUS VALUES RELIGIOUS PEOPLE ATTACH MORE IMPORTANCE TO UNITY A PERSON MAY HAVE DIFFERENT VALUES IN DIFFERENT DEGREES BUT HE IS AFFECTED MORE BY THE MOST IMPORTANT VALUES HELD BY HIM

TYPES OF VALUES

ENGLAND

PRAGMATIC VALUES PRAGMATIC IS ONE WHO TAKES A PRAGMATIC VIEW OF SITUATION WHICH IS STEREOTYPED , HE OPTS FOR CONCEPTS AND ACTIONS WHICH APPEAR TO HIM AS IMPORTANT AND SUCCESSFUL IRRESPECTIVE OF GOOD OR BAD

MORAL VALUES -

MORALIST IS ONE WHO IS GUIDED BY ETHICAL

CONSIDERATIONS OF RIGHT OR WRONG , JUST OR UNJUST , HONEST OR DISHONEST

MERGING PERSONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL VALUES

AN INDIVIDUAL ENTERS AN ORGANISATION WITH PERSONAL VALUES A RELATIVELY PERMANENT FRAMEWORK OF BELIEFS THAT INFLUENCE THE GENERAL NATURE OF HIS/HER BEHAVIOUR PERSONAL VALUE SYSTEM OFTEN CLASH AND MAY CONFLICT WITH ORGANISATIONAL VALUES WHAT VALUES A MANAGER CARRIES TO THE ORGANISATION ARE INTENDED VALUES. THESE ARE IDEALS THAT ARE PERSONALLY IMPORTANT TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN AN ORGANISATION MANAGERS NEED TO LEARN ADOPTED VALUES A SET OF VALUES THAT ARE PART OF ORGANISATIONS CULTURE WHEN PERSONAL VALUES(INTENDED ) AND ORGANISATIONAL (ADOPTED) VALUES ARE CONGRUENT THESE BECOME PRAGMATIC OPERATIVE VALUES THUS THEY PROVIDE A FRAME OF REFERENCE FOR CONSISTENCY IN DECISIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS ORGANISATIONS PROSPER AND GROW WHEN OPERATIVE VALUES ARE STRONG