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- 37.

: -
(
): lim f (x) lim g(x) :
x x0

x x0

lim (f (x) + g(x) ) = lim f (x) + lim g(x)

x x0

x x0

x x0

lim ( k f (x) ) = k lim f (x) , k R

x x0

x x0

lim (f (x) g(x) ) = lim f (x) lim g(x)

x x0

x x0

x x0

lim (f (x) ) = lim f (x) , v 2

x x0

lim

x x0

f (x )

g (x )

x x0

lim f (x)

x x0

lim g(x)

x x0

, lim g(x) 0
x x0

lim f (x) = lim f (x)

x x0

x x0

lim f (x) =

x x0

lim f (x) f (x) 0 x0 , v N v 2 .

x x0

38.

1
f x0 ,
lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 )
, :
x x0
2
f ( ) , ,
.


- R.
-
- x , x R.
- ex , x , lnx , logx , 0 < 1 .

f g x 0 ,
f
: f + g , f g , f ( R ) , ( g ( x ) 0 ) , f , k f (f ( x ) 0 ) ,
g
2 x0 .
Bolzano (..)
f, [,].
: f [,]
f () . f () < 0
x 0 ( , ) f ( x 0 ) = 0
f ( x ) = 0
(,).

f xx x 0
(.1).
(..)
f
[,]. :
f [,]
f ( ) f ( )
n f(), f() x 0 (, ) f ( x 0 ) = n .

- 39.


y = n n f ( ) , f ( ) f .

f [,] f [,]
m, x1 , x 2 [, ] m = f ( x1 ) M = f ( x 2 ) :

m = f ( x1 ) f ( x ) f ( x 2 ) = M , x [, ] .



f [, ] f ( ) , f ( ) f
f ( ) , f ( ) f .

f (, )
f ( A ) =
f ( A ) =

( im f (x ),
x +

( im f ( x ) ,
x

im f ( x )

im f ( x )

x +

, f [, ) (, ] ( f )

( im f (x ), f ( ) .
( f ) f ( A ) = ( im f ( x ) , f ( )

: f ( A ) = f ( ) ,

im f ( x ) f ( ) =

x +

f ( ) , im f ( x ) .

x +

40. -

C
C c f f

1

x xOy

x cOy c .

1 1 f

C C c f
f

1

f ( x)

y f

1

( y)

x,

M (, )
C f ,
c( , ) C c f

1

. , ,
xOy x cOy c .
:

- 41.

C C c f f
y

1

x xOy

x cOy c .

f,
[, ] .
:

x f [, ]
x f ( ) z f ( )

, f ( )
f ( ) , x 0 (, ) ,
f ( x0 )

( ) f ( )  f ( ) .
f ( )   f ( ) (. ).

g ( x)

f ( x)  , x [, ] ,

:
x g [, ]
x g ( ) g ( )  0 ,

g ( )

f ( )   0

g( )

f ( )  ! 0 .

, Bolzano, x 0 (, ) , g ( x 0 )

f ( x0 ) 

0 , f ( x 0 )

- 45.

1. :

x4 + 1 x2 + 1
.
x2

im

x0

:
x 0 :
4

=
=

x 4 + 1 x 2 + 1 ( 4 x 4 + 1 x 2 + 1)( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
=
=
x2
x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
x 4 + 1 ( x 2 + 1)

x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)

x 4 + 1 ( x 2 + 1)

x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)

x 4 + 1 ) ( x 2 + 1)
2

x4 +1 + x2 +1
x4 +1 + x2 +1

x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1 )( x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)

x 4 + 1 x 4 2x 2 1

x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)( x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)

x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1 )( x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
4

im

x 0

2
x4 +1 x2 +1
= im
=
x 0 4
4
2
x2
( x + 1 + x + 1)( x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)

1
2
=
4
2

46. -

2.

1 + x (1 + 2x )
.
x2

f (x ) =

, im f ( x ) = .
x0

:
f(x) x [1,0 ) (0, + ) .
f (x ) =

1 + x (1 + 2x ) 1 + x + (1 + 2x )

=
x2
1 + x + (1 + 2x )

1 + x (1 + 2x )

x 2 ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x )

x (1 4 4 2 x )

x 2 ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x )

1 + x 1 4x 4 2 x 2
x 2 ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x )

. : f ( x ) =

1 4 4 2 x

x ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x )

(1)

: xf ( x ) ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x ) = 4 2 x + 1 4
im xf ( x ) ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x ) = im [4 2 x + 1 4]

x 0

x 0

0 2 = 0 + 1 4 =

1
4

1
x
1
4
(1), = : f ( x ) =
4
1

x 1+ x +1+ x
2

1
1
: = im f ( x ) = im
.
= 4=
x 0
x 0
1
2
8
1+ x +1+ x
2

3.
im

x0

1
4

z C, z 0 f : R R . :

zf ( x ) 4 4
zf ( x ) + 2 2
im
,
x
2

x
x2

, [0, 2] f ( ) = 0 .

- 47.

:
g ( x ) =

zf ( x ) 4 4
x

(1)

im g ( x ) .
x 0

f zf ( x ) 4

( xf ( x ) 4)2 + y 2 f 2 ( x ) z = x + yi x, y R .

, zf ( x ) 4 =
(1) :

zf ( x ) 4 = xg ( x ) + 4

im zf ( x ) 4 = im ( xg ( x ) + 4 ) = 4

x 0

x 0

z f (0 ) 4 = 4 (2 ) , z f ( x ) 4 0.
z = + i (2) :

(f (0) 4)2 + f (0)2 2 = 4 f (0) 2f (0) 8 + f (0) 2 = 0


( f (0 ) = 0 , = 0 ) 2 f (0) 8 + f (0) 2 = 0 : f (0) =

4.

f : R R : f ( x ) =

8
(3)
+ 2
2

x2
,
f 2 (x ) + 1

x R . f 0.
:

x R,

f (x ) =

x2
f

( x ) +1

x 2 ( f 2 ( x ) + 1 1, x R )

x R , x 2 f ( x ) x 2 .
:

im ( x 2 ) = 0 ,

x 0

im x 2 = 0

x 0

:
:

im f ( x ) = 0

x 0

f (0 ) =

(1) (2) f 0.

(1)

02
= 0 (2)
f 2 (0 ) + 1

48. -

5.

f : [, ] R < 1 :

f 2 ( ) + f 2 ( ) + 2 = 2 (f ( ) f ( ))
x 0 (, ) : f ( x 0 ) = x 0 2
:
:
f 2 ( ) + f 2 ( ) + 2 = 2f ( ) 2f ( ) f 2 ( ) + f 2 ( ) + 1 + 1 2f ( ) + 2f ( ) = 0
f ( ) = 1

(f ( ) 1) + (f ( ) + 1) = 0
f = 1
( )
2

g ( x ) = f ( x ) x 2 , x [,]
g :
g [,]
g ( ) = f ( ) 2 = 1 2 > 0 , < 1
2
2
2
g ( ) = f ( ) = 1 = ( + 1) < 0

Bolzano:
x 0 (, ) : g ( x 0 ) = 0 f ( x 0 ) x 0 2 = 0 f ( x 0 ) = x 0 2

6.

f : R R f (0) > 1 :

f 2 ( x ) 2f ( x ) = x 2 , x R .

:
x R :

f 2 ( x ) 2f ( x ) = x 2 f 2 ( x ) 2f ( x ) + 1 = x 2 + 1
(f ( x ) 1) = x 2 + 1 0 (1)
2

f ( x ) 1 0 x R .
g ( x ) = f ( x ) 1 , x R :
g :
g R
g ( x ) 0 x R

- 49.

g R g (0) = f (0) 1 > 0 g ( x ) > 0 , x R . f ( x ) 1 > 0 , x R .


(1) : f ( x ) 1 = x 2 + 1 , x R
f ( x ) = x 2 + 1 + 1 , x R .

7. f : R R

f (0) > 0 f ( x ) x 2 ,

x R . :

i. f ( x ) > x 2 , x R .

ii.

im f ( x ) = +

:
i. g ( x ) = f ( x ) x 2 , x R . g :
g R,
g ( x ) 0 x R
.

g R g (0 ) = f (0 ) > 0 g ( x ) > 0 , x R , f ( x ) x 2 > 0 , x R


f ( x ) > x 2 , x R

ii. : x R , f ( x ) > x 2 0 0 <


x R * . :

im 0 = 0 ,

1
1
,
<
f (x ) x 2

1
= 0 x x 2
im

:
im

1
= 0 ,
(
f x)

8.

im

1
1
> 0 , x R )
= + (
1
f (x )
f (x )

im f ( x ) = + .

f : R R x < f (x ) < x + 1 ,
x R . :

f (R ) = R .

50. -

:
f.
x 0 R : f ( x 0 ) =
g ( x ) = f ( x ) , x R : g [ 1, ] R
.

g ( 1) = f ( 1) < 1 + 1 = 0
.

g ( ) = f ( ) > 0
Bolzano:
x 0 ( 1, ) R : g ( x 0 ) = 0 f ( x 0 ) = 0 f ( x 0 ) =

9.

f : R R f (0) = 0

...

f (x ) x
< 0 ,
f (x ) + x

x R * f 0.
:
:

(f (x ) x )(f (x ) + x ) < 0 ,

x R*

f 2 ( x ) x 2 < 0 x R * , . f 2 ( x ) < x 2 x R * .
O

f 2 ( x ) < x 2 , x R * . f ( x ) < x , x R *

x < f ( x ) < x , x R * .

( x ) = 0 ,
: - xim
0

im x = 0

x 0

im f ( x ) = 0

x 0

(1)

f (0 ) = 0 (2)
(1) (2) f 0.

10.

f : [,] R .

x 0 [,] :

f (x ) f (x 0 )
x2 + 1

0 , x [,] .

- 51.

:
f [,] ( - ). x 0 [,]
:
f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) , x [,] f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) 0 , x [,] .

f (x ) f (x 0 )
x2 +1

0 , x [,] .

11.

f : R R 11 f (2 ) < f (1) < f ( 3 ) .


f .
:
f R.

: f [2,3] R
f (2 ) f (3)
f (1) (f (2 ) ,f (3))

f "11"

x 0 (2,3) : f ( x 0 ) = f (1) x 0 = 1 , .
f R.

12. f R :
f ( x + 2 ) + f ( x ) = 0 (1) , x R , f ( 0 ) f (1)

N ( 0, 2 ) f ( ) = f ( + 1) .
:
g ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( x + 1) , [0, 2] :
g (0 ) = f ( 0 ) f (1) g ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) f (3) . x = 0 (1) :
f ( 2 ) + f (0 ) = 0 f ( 2 ) = f (0 ) . x = 1 (1):
f (3) + f (1) = 0 f (3) = f (1)

g ( 2 ) = f (0 ) + f (1) = (f (0 ) f (1)) g (0 ) g ( 2 ) = (f (0 ) f (1)) < 0


Bolzano (0,2) :
2

f ( ) f ( + 1) = 0 f ( ) = f ( + 1)

52. -

13. f [0,4] , :
( 0,4 ) : 9f ( ) = 2f (1) + 3f ( 2 ) + 4f ( 3 )

:
f [0, 4] .
x , x [0, 4] : f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( x ) ,

x [0, 4]

2f ( x ) 2f (1) 2f ( x )
f ( x ) f (1) f ( x )

f
x
f
2
f
x
(
)
(
)
3f ( x ) 3f ( 2 ) 3f ( x )
(
)

4f ( x ) 4f (3) 4f ( x )
f ( x ) f (3) f ( x )

:
9f ( x ) 2f (1) + 3f ( 2 ) + 4f (3) 9f ( x )

f (x )

2f (1) + 3f ( 2 ) + 4f (3)
9

f (x )

(0, 4) :
f ( ) =

14.

2f (1) + 3f (2 ) + 4f (3)
9f ( ) = 2f (1) + 3f (2 ) + 4f (3)
9

f : R R x 1 , x 2 R f ( x1 ) f ( x 2 ) ( x1 x 2 )
2

f ( x ) f ( 3 )
.
x 3
x+3

f lim
:
x 1 = x, x 2 = x 0 :

f (x ) f (x 0 ) x x 0 x x 0 f (x ) f (x 0 ) x x 0
2

2
2
lim x x 0 = lim x x 0 = 0 ,
x x0
x x0

lim f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 ) . x0

x x0

x x0

R f x R . x 1 = x, x 2 = 3 :

- 53.

f ( x ) f (3) x + 3
2

x+3

f ( x ) f (3)
x+3
x+3

f ( x ) f (3)
x + 3 lim [ x + 3 ] = lim x + 3 = 0 x 3
x 3
x+3

: xlim
3

f ( x ) f (3)
=0.
x+3

15.

3
f : R R : 2f (x ) + f (x ) = kx, k > 0
. f 11.
f ( x ) f ( 2)
. f lim
.
x 2
x2
:

. f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) f 3 ( x1 ) = f 3 ( x 2 )
:

2f 3 ( x1 ) = 2f 3 ( x 2 )
:

f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 )
2f 3 ( x1 ) + f ( x1 ) = 2f 3 ( x 2 ) + f ( x 2 ) kx1 = kx 2 x1 = x 2

f 1 - 1.
. : 2f 3 ( x ) + f ( x ) = kx 2f 3 ( x 0 ) + f ( x 0 ) = kx 0
,: 2 f 3 ( x ) f 3 ( x 0 ) + f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) = k ( x x 0 )

2 f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) f 2 ( x ) + f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + f 2 ( x 0 ) + f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) = k ( x x 0 )
f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) 2f 2 ( x ) + 2f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) + 1 = k ( x x 0 ) (1)
2f 2 ( x ) + 2f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) > 0 ( f(x) ).

f (x ) f (x 0 ) =
f (x ) f (x 0 ) =

k (x x 0 )
2f ( x ) + 2f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) + 1
2

k x x0
k (x x 0 )

= k x x0
2
(
)
(
)
2f x + 2f x f ( x 0 ) + 2f ( x 0 ) + 1
1
2

k x x 0 f (x ) f ( x 0 ) k x x 0

54. -

lim k x x 0 = lim k x x 0 = 0
x x0
x x0

lim f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 )

x x0

x x0

f x 0 R.
(1) :

f (x ) f (x 0 )
x x0

k
2f ( x ) + 2f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) + 1
2

(2)

f R x0 2 (2) :
lim

x x0

k
=
(
)
(
)
2f x + 2f x f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) + 1
2

k
k
= 2
2
2f ( x 0 ) + 2f ( x 0 ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f ( x 0 ) + 1 6f ( x 0 ) + 1
2

(2) :

lim

x x0

f (x ) f (x 0 )
x x0

k
( x0=2 :)
6f ( x 0 ) + 1
2

f ( x ) f (2 )
k
= 2
x 2
x2
6f (2 ) + 1

lim

- 55.

1.

lim
x 2

f (x)
= 5, lim g ( x ) ( 2x 2 + x 10 ) = 3 , :
x 2
x2
lim f ( x ) g ( x )
x 2

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2.

x + 2, x 1
f ( x ) = 2
. lim f ( x )
x 2
x + x + 2, x > 1
f (2,2)
.
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56. -

3.

f (x ) =

x+2 + x4 2
lim f ( x ) = 10
x 3
x 2 5x + 6

, R

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4.

:
. lim
x 3

x2 + x + 4

. lim
x

x 2 5x + 6 4x

. lim 16x 2 + x + 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 5 +7x+8


x +
. lim 9x 2 + 2x + 1 + x 2 + x 2 +4x
x
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- 57.

5. :
1. f ( x ) = x 4

1
, x 0 x
x4

5
2. f ( x ) = x

1
, x 0 x
x3

3. f ( x ) = x 2

1
, x 0 x
x6

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6. :
1. f ( x ) =

3 x + 5 2 x +1 + 7 x
, x +
4x 2 3x + 6 ex
x

3
5x+ 2 3 4x + 2x +
5 , x
2. f ( x ) =
1
x
x
3 4 2 + 6 x
2
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58. -

7.

, R :

1
lim 9x 2 + 3x + 4 + x+ =
3

x +

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8.

f ( x ) = 4x 2 x + 5 + x
x .
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9.

R, f : R R :

. (f f f )( x ) = 8x + x R .
. (f f )( x ) = 4x + 3
R f.
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- 59.

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10.

f : R R x R : f 3 ( x ) + 3f (x ) = 2x + 2003
:
. f 1-1,

. f 1 .

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11.

f ,g : R R . :

. f, g 1-1 gof 1-1


. f, g gof

(g f )

= f 1 g 1

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60. -

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12.

2
f : R R (f f )( x ) = x x + 1

x R , :
. f(1)=1

. g ( x ) = 1 + x (1 f ( x )) 1-1

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13.

f : R R R,

(f f )( x ) = x x R . f ( x ) = x .
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14.

f : R R lim ( xf ( x )) = 1 :
x +

- 61.

. lim f ( x )

. lim

x +

x +

2xf ( x ) + x
2x + xf (x )

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15.

x 3 + x 2 + 2x + 3
=
x 1
x1

,, R :

lim

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16. (x)
lim f ( x ) = 1 ,

x +

f (x) =

lim f (x ) = ,

x 1+

R :

lim f (x ) = 3
x2

f (0 ) = 1

x 2 + x 1
.
P (x)

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62. -

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17.

f ( x ) = 4x 2 + x + 1 x + , R
:

lim f ( x ) =

1
2

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18.

f : R R lim f ( x ) = f (1) x R
x 1

( x 1) f ( x ) ( x 1)
. f(1).
. g (x ) =

1 + x

1-+x -f (1)
, , R . lim g ( x ) .
x 1
x 1

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- 63.

19.

f : R R x0 = 2 . lim
x2

. f(2).

. lim
x2

f (x ) x
= 2003
x2

f (x ) f (2)
.
x2

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20.

f ,g : [, ] R , f ([, ]) = g ([, ]) .

1 , 2 [, ] ( gof ) ( 1 ) (fog ) ( 2 ) = 1 2 .
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21.

f ( x ) = x + ( 2 ) x 2 0 < 1, f = R
. f .
. f .
. x + ( 2 ) x = 2 .
. f.

64. -

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22.

: f ( x ) = x , g ( x ) =

1
0 < < 1 .
x

. f, g .
. Cf , Cg .
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23.

f : [, ] R A ( ,f ( ) ) ,

(,f ( )) Cf 1 . ( , ) :
f ( ) f ( )
=

- 65.

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24. f : [,] R

. x [, ] y [, ] -

f ( y )

1 ( )
f x , [, ]
2

f ( ) = 0 .
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66. -

1
.. f [,]. f [,]
f () f () , f() f()
x 0 (,) : f (x 0 ) = n
( 4)
. f (x ) = 1 x (0,1)
x
( 2)
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1. ,,,

.

- 67.

1.

2.

3.

im f (x ) f (x 0 ) = im+ f (x )

x x 0

x x 0

im f (x ) = im+ f (x ) f (x 0 )

x x 0

x x 0

im f (x ) = f (x 0 ) im+ f (x )

x x 0

x x 0

4. im f (x ) im+ f (x ) f (x 0 )
x x 0

x x 0

( 10)
2. () ().
. (,) :
im f ( x ) = ,

x +

im f ( x ) = + ,

f (,).
( 3)
. f [-1,2] f(-1)=2, f(2)=5,

x 0 (1,2) , f ( x 0 ) = .
( 3)
. im+ f ( x ) = , im f ( x ) = + , f ( ,+ )
x

( 3)

68. -

20
. f, g [,] f ( ) < g( ) ,
f ( ) > g ( ) . y = f (x ) , y = g (x ) -

x 0 (, )
( 15)
.
x 3 = x + 1
. ( 2,1)

. ( 1, 2 )

. ( 0, 1)

. ( 2, 3)

. ( 1,0 )

( 10)
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30
. , R

im

x +

9 x 2 + x x = 1
( 15)

.
. +

2
:
x f ( x )
im

. 0

. 2

. 1
2
( 10)

- 69.

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40
t ,
t + 45
, t0.
t +5
. ;
. .
.
;
( 25)

: f (t ) =

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