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Thi t l p nhi u h i u hnh trong m t my l m nghin c u v h c t p c ng nh l m t m t...th i th ng chng ta th i u hnh. M c ch c a bi n y l gi i thi u n cc b n cch install 3 h RedHat 7.1. Sau dng boot loader c a Win2k lm ph n chnh i u khi n install m i th ti xin trnh by m t s i m c n ch cho cc b n ch a ho nhi u h i u hnh.

t nhu c u c n thi t cho r t nhi u b n ng th c t ng ci m nh c a m i h i u hnh Windows ME, Windows 2k, v Linux cc h i u hnh. Nh ng tr c khi i vo c khng quen bi t l m v i vi c ci t

Master Boot Record L m t thu t ng c dn computer hay g i l MBR (b n s th y h nh c n nh ng ch vi t t c n y nhi u trn internet ho c trao i). y ch l m t m ng d li u v cc partion trong my, khng h n khng km! Master Boot Record c t o do h i u hnh v d nhin m i h i u hnh u c cch t o ring bi t. V d , WinNT4 v Win2k s c file boot.ini dng nh Master Boot Record. M i khi kh i ng my, m t ch ng trnh chuyn lm vi c loading h i u hnh c a WinNT l NT bootloader (m t file lo i .exe) s d tm n i dung c a file boot.ini load h hi u hnh c n thi t cho ng i dng. Ring Windows 98 v Windows ME th c cht khc bi t, chng khng c ch ng trnh tm h i u hnh nh NT bootloader v s m c nhin load h i u hnh t i ph n partion u tin trong hard disk, thng th ng l ph n partition C trong hard disk. Theo m c nh th MBR s lun c l u gi t i d a c ng th p nh t (n u b n c nhi u d a c ng th t l 0,1,2....) v partition nh nh t c a n (partition u tin trong d a s 0, d cho v d , ti t m g i n i n y l Boot Table). y l m t n i r t quan tr ng BIOS tm n khi my v a kh i ng. Ti c ng xin nh c l i cc b n kh i nh m l n gi a MBR v n i MBR. M t my tnh c th c nhi u MBR (khi ci t m t h i u hnh, nh t l linux, b n c th ci MBR t i Boot Sector ch khng nh t thi t l t i Boot Table) tuy nhin BIOS ch tm n Boot Table d tm h i u hnh m thi! M t l i l m th ng th y khi b n ci t nhi u h i u hnh l ci sau khi ci t linux vo th khng vo c h th ng Windows, v ng c l i n u ti ci t windows th Linux ... m t tiu lun! l do l b n khi ci t cc h i u hnh, th ng no c ng mu n th y ci MBR c a n vo Boot Table c ! cho nn th ng no ci t sau s xo h t thng tin c a th ng tr c ! ti ngh y l gt m c to nh t cho cc b n trong vi c ci t nhi u h i u hnh, tuy nhin chng ta s c cch dn x p n tho cho c 3 h th ng cng t n t i. c ng l tr ng tm c a bi vi t. Boot Sector Boot Sector th t ra c ng l m t mng d li u ch a thng tin v m t partition no , m i khi b n t o m t partition m i th m t Boot Sector s t o km theo trn u n ch thng tin v ci partition , v d , Boot Sector s cho b n bi t c bao nhiu Megabyte trong partition, t i ch u v cu i c a n trong hard disk, cn tr ng bao nhiu.... D nhin l c u trc c a m i Boot Sector s khc nhau ty theo h i u hnh b n dng t o n. m t thm chnh xc v tr c a MBR v cc Boot Sector xin xem hnh

Bn l i v n T i y ti xin bn l i v n ci t 3 h i u hnh (WinME ho c Win98, Win2k, v Linux RedHat 7.1). Ti n trnh kh i ng c a m t my tnh bao g m tr c tin l kh i ng BIOS t Motherboard, BIOS s "nh y" (tm) n Boot Table (ch a MBR) tm v kh i ng h i u hnh d a theo thng tin t MBR. N u c nhi u h i u hnh, BIOS s t ng kh i ng h i u hnh u tin m n tm th y. D nhin l xong xong v i qu trnh n y BIOS s ki m tra tn hi u nh p t bn phm v k t h p v i thng tin t MBR ch n (v kh i ng) h i u hnh. B n c th ch n kh i ng h i u hnh b n thch b ng cch can thi p t bn phm. T i y b n s th y m t v n th ng g p khi chng ta ci t hai h th ng Windows v Linux l s tranh dnh vi c qu n l Boot Table. i v i h th ng Windows th h u nh b n khng g p c n tr nhi u khi ci t hai h i u hnh chung v i nhau, theo lu t thng th ng th b n nn ci t h i u hnh version m i h n sau cng, v d , b n nn ci t Win98 hay WinME tr c, sau m i ci t Win2k b i v Win2k m i h n. M t t i m c a ng trch c a h th ng Windows l chng ch ci t MBR t i Boot Table m thi trong khi h th ng Linux cho php b n ty ci t MBR t i Boot Table ho c t i Boot Sector. dn x p x tranh dnh n y, ti s ci MBR c a h th ng windows vo Boot Table v ci MBR c a Linux vo Boot Sector c a n. Sau tm cch s a MBR c a h th ng windows n c ng thm Linux trong khi kh i ng my. Ti n hnh ci t Tr c tin b n nn c 2 ci CD linux 7.1 v cc CD c a win ME, win2k .... ti nu ra m t s tnh hu ng c n b n nh sau b n ti n tham kh o: Tnh hu ng th nh t: n u b n c s n hai h th ng Windows (Win98 ho c WinME, v Win2k) trn m t ci HDD. B n ki m tra xem hai h th ng kia chi m h n 8032MB ch a? T ng t nh h th ng NT4, Linux Redhat 7.1 s khng nh n d ng c d a c ng trn 8Gig. B n s c th g p kh kh n khi t o partition cho Linux. Ring Mandrake 8.0 th c kh n ng nh n d ng c t t c . trnh tnh tr ng n y b n nn ci Linux ln partition c a Win2k (b n s xo Win2k! Ch backup d li u!) sau ci Win2k l i sau v Win2k c th nh n d ng partition n m ngoi 8Gig. Tnh hu ng th hai: n u b n c s n hai h th ng Windows (Win98 ho c WinME, v Win2k) v c 2 d a c ng! B n c th ci Linux vo m t trong hai d a c ng kia mi n sau n ph i n m trong ph m vi 8Gig l t t. Tnh hu ng th ba: b n ci m i t t c ! y u tin b n nn t o m t partition cho WinME 5Gig l qu r i, ci t WinME vo

Ci t linux Redhat 7.1 vo, trong qu trnh ci t b n nh ch n vi c b MBR c a n vo Boot Sector! Khi ci t b n nh t o a m n kh i ng c a RedHat, nh gi n sau n y b n m i c th kh i ng vo linux c! Cu i cng l ti n hnh ci t Win2k, ch c b n khng c g kh kh n v i Win2k c .

Ch nh x a MBR Tr c tin b n nn dng floppy disk cho linux kh i ng vo linux. Sau khi log in (xin xem bi tutorial) b n nn lm m t s vi c sau 1) Tm m t ci floppy ( c format v i Win ho c DOS) cn tr ng t nh t l 1k 2) b n (ti cho l b n bi t dng m t s l nh linux c n b n, gi ng nh dos, xem thm tutorital m t s l nh c n b n c a Linux) dng editor no nh vi m file sau /etc/lilo.conf 3) sau nhn hng u xem ci boot sector c a linux n m u, b n s th y i khi nh boot=/dev/hdxy. Trong x l s th t hard disk cu b n (a, b, c, ...) v y s l s th t c a partition (1, 2, 3, ....). Gi s b n bi t k t qu l /dev/hda2 i nhe! ( l v d ) 4) t o m t directory /tmp (n u ch a c) sau mount ci floppy disk (FAT system) vo directory /tmp r i c vo floppy. N u b n khng ch c th copy 512 byte u c a ci partition (/dev/hda2) b n v a tm lm nh sau: b a floppy vo a v g cc l nh: mount /dev/fd0 /tmp -t vfat dd if=/dev/hda2 of=/tmp/linux.bin bs=512 count=1 umount /dev/fd0 5) t i y b n s c m t file tn l linux.bin trong floppy disk! L y d a floppy ra, reboot l i my vo Win2k 6) copy ci file linux.bin vo n i no trong d a c a Windows, v d b n b vo C: i nh. 7) b n dng 1 ch ng trnh text editor no open file boot.ini (ch y l file h th ng nn windows s lm n n, b n ph i t options l hi n th cc file n th m i th y n c), thm vo m t hng nh th n y: c:\linux.bin="Welcome to my RedHat Linux" 8) reboot l i my, b n s th y m t menu v i ba h i u hnh nh b n! Ch : dd: dump disk, n t ng t nh l nh copy c a dos nh ng dd s copy theo ki u binay c ngh a l copy m t cch chnh xc machine data c a a. a2: l nh d u mang ngh a d a c ng u tin v partition s 2, nh thay i ch s n y ph h p v i v tr ci linux c a b n nh!!!! if: input file, ch tn c a input file, trong t ng h p n y l th t c a d a c ng v partition n i linux ang n m of: ouput file, tn c a output file bs: boot sector, ch s byte c a m t sector count: m s l n copy --> ton b ngh a c a l nh dd trn l copy ci Boot Sector (512 bytes) c a linux vo floppy disk v t tn n l linux.bin m thi!