Refrigeration Cycles

Reversed Carnot Cycle

Ideal Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle

An ordinary household refrigerator

Example 11-1

Actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycles

Example 11-2

Selecting the Right Refrigerant

CFCs, ammonia, hydrocarbons, CO2, air, SO2 Ammonia- low cost, higher COPs, better heat transfer, greater detectability, but toxic Food refrigeration, ice production, Pharm CFC family: R-12, Freon- domestic refrigerators, automotive a/c R-11 large capacity water chillers serving building a/c

Selecting the Right Refrigerant

R-22 window a/c, large industrial refrigeration systems and a/c commerical bldgs. (competes with ammonia) R-502 commerical refrigeration systems (supermarkets) Minus chlorine (ozone friendly): R-134a Evaporator side; -10 C refrigerated space means temp of refrigerant about -20 C (to prevent air leakage) 1 atm: ammonia, R-134a

Cascade Refrigeration System

Example 11-3

Multistage Compression Refrigeration System

Example 11-4

Refrigerator and Freezer

Gas Liquefaction

Gas Refrigeration Cycle

Aircraft Cooling

Gas Refrigeration Cycle with Regeneration

Absorption Refrigeration

Problem 11-11

Problem 11-25

Problem 11-33

Problem 11-39

Problem 11-49

Problem 11-67

Problem 11-84

Problem 11-123