Internship Report

Khwaja Muhammad Falik 2007112-FES Acknowledgement

I would like to acknowledge the Internship organizing staff of Mr. Faisal Kamran who helped me attain the internship in the first place. Furthermore, the team leads Mr. Naseer and Mr.Jehangir as well as all the Field Engineers that I had the opportunity of working with; all played a huge part in helping me grab a grip on the core concepts of the drive testing of sites.

Table of Contents
An Introduction to PTCL, Huawei and ZTE Huawei s CDMA technology The WLL Department Summary 1 8 9 12

An Introduction to PTCL, Huawei and ZTE

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is the largest telecommunication company in Pakistan. This company provides telephony services to the nation and still holds the status of backbone for country's telecommunication infrastructure despite arrival of a dozen other telcoms including telecom giants like Telenor and China Mobile . The company consists of around 2000 telephone exchanges across country providing largest fixed line network. GSM, CDMA and Internet are other resources of PTCL, making it a gigantic organization. The Government of Pakistan sold 26% shares and control of the company to Etisalat in 2006. The Government of Pakistan retained 62% of the shares while the remaining 12% are held by the general public. PTCL is also part of the consortium of three major Submarine communication cable networks: SEA-ME-WE 3, SEA-ME-WE 4 and I-ME-WE. In addition to wireless line operations, PTCL also provides fixed line service through its countrywide CDMA based WLL (Wireless Local Loop) network, under the Vfone brand name. In the cellular segment, the second largest cellular provider in Pakistan, Ufone, is also a wholly owned subsidiary of PTCL. It hopes to be the leading Information and Communication Technology Service Provider in the region by achieving customer satisfaction and maximizing shareholders' value. The company has over 15.5 million mobile subscribers under the name Ufone and more than 4.8 million fixedline customers. PTCL also continues to be the largest CDMA operator in the country P with approximately 1.25 million V-fone customers. PTCL also offers mobile services under the Ufone brand to millions of customers across Pakistan. PTCL has the potential to be an instrumental agent in Pakistan s economic growth, having laid Optical Fibre Access Network technologies in major metropolitan centres of Pakistan. PTCL is also modernising local loop services from copper to an optical
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network. PTCL is expanding its international capacity to meet the increasing demand of international traffic by acquiring supplementary capacity on the two SEA-ME-WE intercontinental cabling routes.

Huawei is a leading telecom solutions provider. Through continuous customer-centric innovation, we have established end-to-end advantages in Telecom Network Infrastructure, Application & Software, Professional Services and Devices. With comprehensive strengths in wireline, wireless and IP technologies, Huawei has gained a leading position in the All-IP convergence age. Their products and solutions have been deployed in over 100 countries and have served 45 of the world's top 50 telecom operators, as well as one third of the world's population. Also, they have established 17 R&D centers around the world such as in the Silicon Valley and Dallas of the United States, Stockholm in Sweden, Moscow in Russia and Bangalore in India to ensure global R&D with outstanding people. In addition, we have 36 training centers worldwide to help out customers and local people to study advanced management, technologies and so on.

PTCL and Huawei: PTCL is a subcontractor of Huawei and it does most of their field work for Huawei on the sites locally. The PTA conducted a survey in 2007 whereby they wanted to study the QoS(Quality of Service) of the WLL(Wireless Local Loop). The survey was conducted in eight major cities in the country. The results of the survey showed that PTCL scored highest with 98.33% a good 2.5 % ahead of its closest rival on the Service Availability test.

ZTE Corporation (Zhong Xing Telecommunication Equipment Company Limited) is a leading global provider of telecom equipment and networking solutions operating in more than 140 countries, servicing 59 of the world s top 100 telecom operators. It offers a wide choice of products ranging from voice, data, multimedia and wireless broadband services. Founded in 1985, ZTE is China s largest listed telecom equipment company and trades on both the Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock exchanges Through its vast global network of 70,000 employees ZTE aims to satisfy customer requirements in their pursuit for reliable and innovated products via a suite of wireless, wired, business and terminal offerings. ZTE has been recognized for its products and services and has secured a number of high rankings around the world. In 2009, it was ranked fourth in the shipment of wireless communication products. In terms of CDMA product shipments, it secured the No.1 global position four years in a row, and was ranked second in the world when it came to the shipment of fixed network broadband access products. It has held third place in the world for the shipment of optical networks. In fact, the accumulated shipment of handsets reached more than 200 million units as ZTE serves all the leading operators in Europe, North America and Japan. ZTE is dedicated to creating value for customers and to remain a cutting-edge provider with innovative and technologically advanced systems. The company has 15 global R&D centers in the U.S, France, Sweden, India and China. It employs 25,000 researchers around the world, developing new and innovative products covering more than 30,000 issued and pending patents. ZTE s products and solutions can be found in over 140 countries, servicing 59 of the world s top 100 telecom operators. ZTE is a member of the United Nations Global Compact and is committed to sustainable development throughout the world. The company uses technology to help people in different regions enjoy the rapidly evolving world of communication. It also pays special attention to sustainable work practices throughout the lifecycle of its products from R&D to production, to logistics and through to customer service.
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ZTE has the widest and most complete product range in the world covering virtually every sector of the wire line, wireless, service and terminals markets. The company delivers innovative, custom-made products and services to over 500 operators in more than 140 countries, helping them to achieve continued revenue growth and to shape the future of the world s communications. Besides its established cooperation with top Chinese telecoms players including China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom in China, the company also has developed long-term partnerships with industry-leading operators including PTCL, France Telecom, Vodafone, among others.

Huaweis CDMA Technology

Huawei's CDMA solutions now serve over 60 million users worldwide as a result of the company's strong customer-centric focus and success over the past 10 years in the CDMA business. Huawei says it actively invests and participates in CDMA standards and technology research, contributing significantly to the development of Ultra Mobile Broadband architecture. The company accounted for 14% of UMB patents filed as of December 2006. Huawei also retained its global market share leadership in CDMA WLL (Wireless Local Loop) in 2006. The company provides universal services for 68 percent of CDMA WLL users and 65% of CDMA 450 users throughout the world. Major CDMA operators such as Skylink in Russia, Telmex in Mexico have adopted the advanced Huawei CDMA 450/WLL solutions to achieve flexible coverage, and delivery of abundant high speed data services. Huawei says its innovative "5 carriers" technology realizes the S5/5/5 configuration of CDMA BTS, a breakthrough from the limitation of inherent "3 carriers", which increases the capacity of Huawei's industry-leading CDMA BTS by 67% through higher integration, thus reducing the number of BTS base station required for carriers. The advance in CDMA technology has helped Huawei to secure a number of contract wins from top tier carriers throughout the world.

The WLL Department

The WLL department deals with the installation of the CDMA2000 system. The engineers here are asked to make feasibility reports of various sites. The installation of the hardware then ensues when the feasibility of the system is suitable in the region. The engineers in this department have the job of contacting the contractors who then survey the area and try to make a minimum financial estimate for the installation of the hardware. This is primarily why this department is chosen for fresh internees, so that they can grasp a good idea about the workings and ins & outs of the CDMA2000 system. Some terms that I had to acquaint to during my internship with PTCL are listed below:

WLL: Is an abbreviation for a Wireless Local Loop. It is a term for the use of a wireless communications link as the "last mile / first mile" connection for delivering plain old telephone service (POTS) and/or broadband Internet to telecommunications customers. Various types of WLL systems and technologies exist. During my internship at PTCL, I had to work with Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). Other terms for this type of access include Radio In The Loop (RITL), Fixed-Radio Access (FRA) and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA).

CDMA2000: (also known as IMT Multi-Carrier (IMT-MC)) is a family of 3G mobile technology standards, which use CDMA channel access, to send voice, data, and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites. The set of standards includes: CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. 0, CDMA2000 EVDO Rev. A, and CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. B. All are approved radio interfaces for the ITU's IMT-2000. CDMA2000 has a relatively long technical history and is backward-compatible with its previous 2G iteration IS-95 (CDMA One). In the United States, CDMA2000 is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA). The successor to CDMA2000 is LTE, part of the competing 3GPP family
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BTS: A base transceiver station or cell site is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless internet connectivity, WiFi and WiMAX gadgets etc. The network can be that of any of the wireless communication technologies like GSM, CDMA, WLL, WAN, WiFi, WiMAX etc. BTS is also referred to as the radio base station (RBS), node B (in 3G Networks) or, simply, the base station (BS). For discussion of the LTE standard the abbreviation eNB for enhanced node B is widely used.

BSC: The base station controller (BSC) provides, classically, the intelligence behind the BTSs. Typically a BSC has tens or even hundreds of BTSs under its control. The BSC handles allocation of radio channels, receives measurements from the mobile phones, and controls handovers from BTS to BTS (except in the case of an inter-BSC handover in which case control is in part the responsibility of the anchor MSC). A key function of the BSC is to act as a concentrator where many different low capacity connections to BTSs (with relatively low utilization) become reduced to a smaller number of connections towards the mobile switching center (MSC) (with a high level of utilization). Overall, this means that networks are often structured to have many BSCs distributed into regions near their BTSs which are then connected to large centralized MSC sites.

MSC: The mobile switching center (MSC) is the primary service delivery node for GSM/CDMA, responsible for routing voice calls and SMS as well as other services (such as conference calls, FAX and circuit switched data). The MSC sets up and releases the end-to-end connection, handles mobility and hand-over requirements during the call and takes care of charging and real time pre-paid account monitoring.

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In the GSM mobile phone system, in contrast with earlier analogue services, fax and data information is sent directly digitally encoded to the MSC. Only at the MSC is this re-coded into an "analogue" signal (although actually this will almost certainly mean sound encoded digitally as PCM signal in a 64-kbit/s timeslot, known as a DS0 in America).

BSS: The base station subsystem (BSS) is the section of a traditional cellular telephone network which is responsible for handling traffic and signaling between a mobile phone and the network switching subsystem. The BSS carries out transcoding of speech channels, allocation of radio channels to mobile phones, paging, transmission and reception over the air interface and many other tasks related to the radio network.

LTE: LTE Advanced is a preliminary mobile communication standard, formally submitted as candidate 4G systems to ITU-T in the fall 2009, and expected to be finalized in 2011. It is standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as a major enhancement of the pre-4G 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard.

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A Summary of what I learnt at my Internship

The main purpose of the Internship was to acquaint myself with the Technical aspects of various CDMA modulation techniques and to gain familiarization with its related machinery. The initial weeks at the internship were full of curriculum studying and smallscale discussions between me and Mr Naseer who helped clarify any confusion that we might have had with regards to the material of study. During the last few weeks of my Internship, I got the chance to visit various sites where I helped them install and perform different tests on BTS units. Apart from just going to the fields to gain hands on experience of unit installation, the engineers explained the architecture of the BTS units and how the various hardware devices are connected together. Add to that, the descriptions of how the system employs itself in case of power failure and emergencies.

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