LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE InTroducTIon and archITEcTurE ovErvIEw

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE InTroducTIon and archITEcTurE ovErvIEw

Drivers for Mobile Broadband Typical Applications and Network Requirements LTE E-UTRAN Objectives System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Evolved UMTS Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Serving Gateway (SGW) Mobility Management Entity (MME) Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) LTE Reference Points LTE Roaming Architecture Non-3GPP Access Interworking with 2G/3G Networks LTE Femto Cells Self Organising Networks Spectrum Requirements for LTE WRC 2007 Spectrum LTE Spectrum Requirements 4 6 8 10 12 14 14 14 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

drivers for Mobile Broadband

After a slow start mobile data has finally taken off. Many factors, technical and non-technical, relating to the success of mobile data have come together to provide data services that are both easy to use and meets the users performance expectations. Network and handset capability have met with content and billing regimes and along with growing consumer confidence and experience this is leading to increased use of data services provided by operators. As consumers, operators and third party application providers gain more experience with data services beyond the plain WAP home page, the demand for data is forecast to continue growing for the foreseeable future. Good news for operators who are generally seeing a reduction in revenues from traditional voice based services. Revenues in the next decade will depend on increasing efficiency and finding alternative non-voice services. The graph opposite shows the increase in use of both fixed and mobile broadband services, it also shows that the use of mobile broadband is set to overtake fixed broadband in the future, this will only be possible if we can deliver a high performance and consistent service that the subscribers will come to expect.

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Increase in Broadband usage

Global broadband subscribers, by wired and wireless, 2007 2012
Broadband subs (millions)
1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Wireless

Wired

Note: Wired includes DSL, cable, FTTx and evolutions. Wireless includes WiMAX, pre-WiMAX, EV-DO, HSPA and evolutions, but excludes WCDMA and WiFi. Source: Informa Telecoms & Media

Typical Services and network requirements

>5Mbps

Video streaming Audio/video download

Video conferencing m2m: robot security, video broadcast

Realtime gaming

Bandwidth

1Mbps

FTP

Mobile of ce/ email

Multiplayer games Video telephony Audio streaming Voice telephony

200 ms

<64Kbps

MMS, web browsing SMS Voicemail

>1 sec

Interactive remote games

Growth drivers

msm: remote control

20 ms

100 ms

Network latency
Fig. 1 drivers for Mobile Broadband
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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Typical applications and network requirements

While voice remains the most popular application for large user segments, several distinct trends will influence mobile communications in the years ahead: Common, access-independent Internet applications will replace silos for mobile applications and residential applications Web2.0 applications empower users to participate in communities, and will generate content and interact in virtual worlds and increase the requirement to greater uplink capabilities Streaming services that deliver individual video content on demand and mobile TV on demand are emerging as a favoured application Mobile, interactive remote gaming and real-time gaming will undoubtedly become a major industry in its own right The quadruple play of voice, data, video and mobility bundles for residential and mobile use is heating up the battle over fixed-mobile substitution in the consumer market Mobile office comprising smart phones, notebooks, ubiquitous broadband access and advanced security solutions will free business users from their office desk. The network capability will need to evolve to ensure a consistent and reliable user experience, such network evolutions include; The networks capacity to support high peak user data rates and high average data throughput rates Low user data planes and signalling channels response time, or latency Guaranteed radio coverage ensuring full use of services up to the cells edge A viable means of creating and maintaining individual connections and the entire systems quality of service (QoS) Service continuity between access networks Single sign-on to all network access Competitive prices, with many users favouring flat-rate fees for reasons of cost control

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Typical next Generation Services

Access-independent Internet applications Web2.0 Streaming services Interactive remote gaming Quadruple play Mobile office

Typical Enablers for next Generation Services

High peak user data rates High average data throughput rates Low latency Guaranteed radio coverage Individual quality of service (QoS) Service continuity between access networks Single sign-on to all network access Competitive prices, flat-rate fees

Fig. 2 Typical applications and network requirements

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE E-uTran objectives

LTE is focusing on optimum support of Packet Switched (PS) Services. Main requirements for the design of an LTE system are outlined in 3GPP TR 25.913 (2006) and can be summarised as follows: data rate: Peak data rates target 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink) for 20 MHz spectrum allocation, assuming 2 receive antennas and 1 transmit antenna at the terminal. Throughput: Target for downlink average user throughput per MHz is 3-4 times better than release 6. Target for uplink average user throughput per MHz is 2-3 times better than release 6. (release 6 HSPA) Spectrum Efficiency: Downlink target is 3-4 times better than release 6. Uplink target is 2-3 times better than release 6. Latency: The one-way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer in either the UE or radio access network and the availability of this packet at IP layer in the radio access network/UE is less than 5 ms. Also C-plane latency is reduced, e.g. to allow fast transition times of less than 100 ms from camped state to active state. Bandwidth: Scaleable bandwidths of 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz are supported. Also bandwidths smaller than 5 MHz are supported for more flexibility, i.e. 1.4 MHz and 3 MHz for FDD mode. Interworking: Interworking with existing UTRAN/GERAN systems and non-3GPP systems is ensured. Multimode terminals support handover to and from UTRAN and GERAN as well as inter-RAT measurements. Interruption time for handover between E-UTRAN and UTRAN/GERAN is less than 300 ms for real time services and less than 500 ms for non real time services. Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS): MBMS is further enhanced and is then referred to as E-MBMS. Mobility: The system is optimized for low mobile speed (0-15 km/h), but higher mobile speeds are supported as well including high speed train environment as special case. Spectrum allocation: Operation in paired (Frequency Division Duplex / FDD mode) and unpaired spectrum (Time Division Duplex / TDD mode). co-existence: Co-existence in the same geographical area and co-location with GERAN/UTRAN. Also, co-existence between operators in adjacent bands as well as cross-border coexistence. Quality of Service: End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) is supported.

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requirement
Peak data rate Spectral effeciency 5% packet call throughput Averaged user throughput U-plane latency Call setup time Brodcast data rate Mobility Multi-antenna support Bandwidth

current release (rel-6 hSxPa)

14 Mbps DL / 5.7 Mbps UL 0.6-0.8 DL / 0.35 UL (bps/Hz/sector) 64 Kpbs DL / 5 Kbps UL 900 Kbps DL / 150 Kbps UL 50 ms 2 sec 384 Kbps Up to 250 km/h No 5 MHz

LTE E-uTra
100 Mbps DL / 50 Mbps UL 3-4x DL / 2-3x UL improvement 3-4x DL / 2-3x UL improvement 3-4x DL / 2-3x UL improvement 5 ms 50 ms 6-8x improvement Up to 350 km/h Yes Scalable (up to 20 MHz)

Fig. 3 LTE E-uTran requirements

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

System architecture Evolution (SaE)

One of the main objectives of the LTE architecture is an overall simplification of the network with a reduction in the number of nodes required in the radio access and core network components. The evolution of the network is designed to optimise performance and improve cost efficiency. Also interoperability with the existing 3.5G infrastructure is important, particularly mobility and handover between the networks. The Evolved Packet System (EPS) is divided in to radio access and core network.

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UTRAN

GERAN 3GPP network External network

S4/S11 Evolved packet core

SG1

S1-U S1-MME

E-UTRAN

Fig. 4 System architecture Evolution (SaE)

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Evolved uMTS radio access network (E-uTran)

Evolved UMTS Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) contains a single element known as the Evolved Node Bs (eNB). The eNB supports all the user plane and control plane protocols to enable communication with the UE. It also supports radio resource management, admission control, scheduling, uplink QoS enforcement, cell broadcast, encryption and compression/ decompression of user data. The eNB is connected to the core network on the S1 interface. The S1 interface allows the eNB to communicate with the Mobility Management Entity (MME) via the S1-MME interface and the Serving Gateway (SGW) via the S1-U interface. The interfaces support a many to many relationship between eNB and SGW/MME. The eNB are also networked together using the X2 interface. The X2 interface is based on the same set of protocols as the S1 and is primarily in place to allow user plane tunnelling of packets during handover to minimise packet loss.

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MME/S-GW

MME/S-GW

S1

S1

S1

S1

X2 eNB X2 X2 eNB

E-UTRAN

eNB

Fig. 5 E-uTran architecture

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Evolved Packet core (EPc)

The Evolved Packet Core contains two principle functions, high speed packet handling and mobility management, these functions are carried out by the SGW and MME. This separation of function allows each to be implemented on a platform optimised for data handling or message processing. This will result in more optimised performance and allows independent scaling of each component and efficient topological optimisation of platforms to ensure consistent service i.e. reduced latencies and maximised throughput.

Serving Gateway (SGw)

The SGW acts as a router, routing and forwarding packets of user data, it is able to provide transport level packet marking, and the marking process may be used for QoS management by other network elements. Also some accounting functions for UL/DL services. The SGW will act as a local anchoring point for inter eNB handover and can also act as a 3GPP anchoring point for handovers between UMTS and LTE. It provides idle mode functions such as packet buffering and initiation of network triggered service request. The SGW is also one of the Lawful Interception points in the network.

Mobility Management Entity (MME)

The Mobility management entity (MME) is the primary signalling node in the EPC, NAS signalling is terminated at this point and included signalling related to bearer establishment and authentication of the UEs through interaction with the Home Subscriber Server (HSS). It is also the decision point for SGW selection, and MME, SGW selection during handover where EPC node change is necessary. The MME handles roaming functions such as allocation of temporary identities, admission control and communication with the home HSS on the S6a interface.

Packet data network Gateway (P-Gw)

The P-GW is the entry and exit point for UE connectivity with external data networks. It provides functions of packet filtering, via deep packet inspection, allocation of UE IP addresses, downlink packet marking, and service level charging, gating and rate enforcement. The P-GW also acts as an anchor for mobility between 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies such as 3GPP2 CDMA2000 and WiMAX.

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IMS SGi

Internet SGi

Non-3GPP access S2a/b

UMTS

P-GW

S3 MME S11

S5 SGW

S1-MME

S1-U

eNB

SGw Serving Gateway; router, packet marking, anchor for inter-eNB handover, some accounting MME Mobility Management Entity; NAS signalling point, admission control, bearer setup, authentication, roaming functions, selects SGW P-Gw Packet Gateway; date entry/exit point, packet inspection/filtering, IP address allocation, mobility anchor for non-3GPP handover
Fig. 6 Evolved Packet core (EPc) components
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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE reference Points

S1: It provides access to Evolved RAN radio resources for the transport of user plane and control plane traffic. The S1 reference point shall enable MME and UPE separation and also deployments of a combined MME and UPE solution. S2a/b: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between a trusted/ not-trusted non-3GPP IP access and the SAE Anchor. S3: It enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access system mobility in idle and/or active state. It is based on Gn reference point defined between SGSNs. S4: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor and is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSN and GGSN. S5a: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between MME/UPE and 3GPP anchor. It is FFS whether a standardized S5a exists or whether MME/UPE and 3GPP anchor are combined into one entity. S5b: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between 3GPP anchor and SAE anchor. It is FFS whether a standardized S5b exists or whether 3GPP anchor and SAE anchor are combined into one entity. S6: It enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the evolved system (AAA interface). S7: It provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and Charging Enforcement Point (PCEP). The allocation of the PCEP is FFS. SGi: It is the reference point between the Inter AS Anchor and the packet data network. Packet data network may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, e.g. for provision of IMS services. This reference point corresponds to Gi and Wi functionalities and supports any 3GPP and non-3GPP access systems. The interfaces between the SGSN in 2G/3G Core Network and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) will be based on the GTP protocol. The interfaces between the SAE MME/UPE and the 2G/3G Core Network will be based on the GTP protocol.

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IMS SGi

Internet SGi

Non-3GPP access S2a

UMTS

P-GW

S3 MME S11

S5 SGW

S1-MME

eNB

S1-U

X2

Fig. 7 LTE-SaE reference Points

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE roaming architecture

Roaming is supported by the SAE, the figure opposite show the situation where a user is roamed on to a V-PLMN (Visitor PLMN). A roaming agreement must exist between the home and visited systems. The pictured scenario may be when the user visits a different country or where national roaming is supported. Part of the connection is handled by the visited network, this includes the radio access, mobility management and elements of session management. U-plane data is routed via visited SGW to the home network P-GW and the S8 interface. The S8 interface carries both user plane data and control signaling and is based on the Gp interface first defined in the GPRS/UMTS core network specifications. The S6 interface connects the MME to the HSS and handles session and mobility related signaling including security. The data sessions are managed locally by the visited network but the call is anchored in the home network, allowing the home operator to maintain control of the session. This may not be the most efficient routing in terms of cost and system resources, therefore, there is an option to route the U-plane traffic to a P-GW in the V-PLMN and make connections, for example, directly to the internet or local services.

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IMS SGi SGi

Internet

H-PLMN V-PLMN

P-GW

S8 Optional routing to local P-GW SGi MME S1-MME E-UTRAN S11 SGW S1-U

S6 HSS

Fig. 8 roaming architecture Traffic routed to h-PLMn

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

non-3GPP access
The diagram opposite shows the architecture that allows IP access to the EPC using non-3GPP access technologies, i.e. Wireless LAN (802.11a,b,g,) WiMAX. There are two possible access scenarios, both of which appear on the diagram, trusted and non-trusted access. Where the operator owns and operates the WLAN network, this may be considered a trusted case, the user data from the WLAN network may be sent directly to the P-GW via the IP based S2 interface. Information relating to subscriber profiles, authentication vectors, network identity, charging and QoS information may all be provided to the WLAN access via the Ta interface. The information is provided via the 3GPP AAA server which acts as an inter-working point between the 3GPP and IETF worlds. The main purpose of the 3GPP AAA server is to allow end to end interaction, such as authentications to take place using 3GPP credentials stored in the HSS via the Wx interface. In the non-trusted case, e.g. a corporate entity has its own WLAN network and would like to offer 3GPP access to its customers, there are additional network elements to maintain the infrastructure security and integrity. The ePDG (evolved Packet Data Gateway) element carried all the traffic from the WLAN via a secure tunnel (IPSec) over the Wn interface. The Wm interface allows the user related data from the HSS via the 3GPP AAA Server, to be exchanged, ensuring proper tunneling and encryption between the user terminal and the P-GW. In both of these cases the MME and SGW are redundant.

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Non-trusted WLAN Access ePDG

S2 Wm S2

IMS

Internet

Wn

SGi

P-GW
S5

Trusted WLAN Access

Wa Ta

3GPP AAA
Wx S6

S11 MME
S1-MME

S11

SGW
S1-U

HSS

E-UTRAN

S2 IP based user-plane data Ta/wa Transport authentication, authorisation and charging-related information in a secure manner wx Communication between WLAN AAA infrastructure and HSS, security data, sub profile, charging wn Force non-trusted traffic via ePDG tunnel wm Authorisation/authentication data, tunnel attributes, identity mapping, charging characteristics

Fig. 9 non-3GPP access to EPc

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Interworking with 2G/3G networks

Where 2G/3G cells are adjacent or overlaid on to E-UTRAN cells there will be a requirement for interworking between the different infrastructures to support inter-system mobility. No new systems elements are required but 2 additional interfaces are specified, S3 and S4. S3 supports the user and bearer information exchange between the SGSN and the MME during handover/cell reselection. QoS and user context will be exchange so the target system has all the information required to re-establish the bearers on the new cell. S3 is based on the IP Gn interface designed for 2G/3G core architecture. S4 carries the user plane data between the SGSN and the SGW. The SGW play the role of the mobility anchor in inter-system exchanges, it has a very similar role to the GGSN in 2G/3G networks. The S4 interface is also based on the Gn interface.

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IMS SGi SGi

Internet

P-GW

HSS

S6 MME S1-MME E-UTRAN S1-U S11 SGW S3 S4 SGSN lu UTRAN/GERAN

S3 S4

Exchange of bearer information, QoS, U-Plane traffic

Fig. 10 2G/3G LTE Interworking

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE Femto cells

Currently, 3G femto access points, which are the WLAN-like devices residing at customer premises, are connected to so-called femto gateways via the customers private DSL links using largely proprietary protocols to provide femto-specific functionalities such as plug and play, self-organising features, guest user management, roaming or charging. The femto gateway, which can connect to thousands of femto access points, translates the femto communication links to the Iu interface, which is the standard connection between a 3G core and a 3G access network. In order to resolve resulting compatibility and interworking issues, 3GPP, the standardisation body behind the GSM family of technologies, has nominated this issue as a study item in the upcoming version of its standard, 3GPP Release 8. Release 8 is also the first version of the 3GPP standard that contains the long awaited fourthgeneration (4G) GSM variant LTE (Long-Term Evolution). Femto aspects in this study cover both 3G (UMTS) and 4G (LTE) infrastructures. 3GPP Release 8 describes the femto architecture in an official standard document for the first time. It introduces the concept of home base stations for 3G and 4G using the nomenclature Home Node B (HNB) and Home eNodeB (HeNB). Additionally, it defines a new interface capable of directly connecting home base stations to 3G and 4G core networks, the IuH interface. According to the 3GPP specification, all home base stations in the future will have to provide the following functionality: HNB and HeNB deployed as small UTRA and EUTRAN cells, respectively, in domestic, small office and similar environments. The HNB and HeNB interconnects with the 3G core and Evolved Packet Core, respectively, over a fixed broadband access network (e.g. DSL, cable, etc.). Support for full mobility into and out of a HeNB coverage including service continuity where applicable. Operators and owners of HeNB and HNB will be able to control access to the resources provided. The full specification for HNBs, HeNBs and IuH will become available with Release 9 of the 3GPP standard.

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LTE EPC

luH interface Broadband network

Home eNB

HeNB deployed as small EUTRAN cells in domestic, small office etc HeNB interconnects with the Evolved Packet Core, over a fixed broadband access network (e.g. DSL, cable, etc.) Support for full mobility into and out of a HeNB coverage including service continuity where applicable Operators and owners of HeNB will be able to control access to the resources provided

Fig. 11 Femto cell Principles

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Self organising networks

The objective of the Self-Configuration SON functionality is to reduce the amount of human intervention in the overall installation process by providing plug and play functionality in the eNodeBs. The scope of self-configuration functionality is expected to expand and evolve with upcoming versions of the LTE standard. Self-Configuration of eNodeBs will reduce the amount of manual processes involved in the planning, integration and configuration of new eNodeBs. This will result in a faster network deployment and reduced costs for the operator in addition to a more integral inventory management system that is less prone to human error. Self-Configuration is a broad concept which involves several distinct functions that are covered through specific SON features, such as Automatic Software Management, Self Test and Automatic Neighbour Relation configuration.

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Existing eNB

DHCP/DNS

SGW

New eNB

MME

OSS

Conguration and performance

Automatic software management Self test Automatic neighbor relation configuration Tracking area planning Physical cell ID planning Load balancing Handover optimisations

Fig. 12 Self organising network Principles

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Spectrum requirements for LTE

It is very apparent from many industry sources that the mobile broadband revolution has begun, in the next few years there will be an ever increasing demand for access to high speed broadband data services. Technologies like LTE and WiMAX seem very well placed to be able to offer these services to subscribers in a very cost effective way. One of the greatest problems to overcome will be availability of spectrum and the availability of spectrum in suitable bands. There is a great deal of work currently taking place to ensure that operators have access to a sufficient amount of spectrum to solve the principle problems of coverage and capacity that they face right now and may potentially face to a greater extent in the future. The ITU-R already recognises the coming issues and has begun to address the problem at WRC 07 and will make further resolutions at WRC11.

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800 850 900 950 1000

1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 MHz

ITU allocations

IMT-2000

IMT-2000

IMT2000

M S S

IMT- M S 2000 S

IMT-2000

Europe

GSM

GSM 1800

D M E C UMTS S S T

M UMTS S S

IMT-2000, band plan not yet decided

Cellular

China

GSM

GSM 1800

IMT2000

M S S

IMT- M S 2000 S

IMT2000 (regional)

Under study

Japan

PDC

PDC

P IMTH S 2000

M S S

IMT- M S 2000 S

Under study

North America

Cellular

AWS

PCS
A D B EF C

M S A D B EF C S

M AWS S S

Mobile allocation added, no band plan yet

Cellular

Cellular

Brazil

Cellular

IMT2000

IMT2000

Fig. 13 IMT 2000 Spectrum allocations (wrc 2000)

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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

wrc 2007 Spectrum

Under Agenda Item 1.4 to consider frequency-related matters for the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000. WRC-07 has identified globally harmonised spectrum for use by International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced). Additional spectrum was allocated for IMT systems in various new bands, resulting in 392 MHz of new spectrum in total in Europe and 428 MHz in the Americas: 20 MHz in the band 450470 MHz (globally) 72 MHz in the band 790862 MHz for Region 1 (Europe) and parts of Region 3 (Asia) 108 MHz in the band 698806 MHz for Region 2 (Americas) and some countries of Region 3 (Asia) 100 MHz in the band 2.32.4 GHz (globally) 200 MHz in the band 3.43.6 GHz (no global allocation, but identified in 82 countries) Note: These bands will not be available immediately for NGMN usage, but opened to the market following transition periods of up to several years. Additionally, the allocations regarding the bands 790-862 MHz and 3.4 3.6 GHz in Region 1 will only come into full effect in 2015 and 2010 respectively.

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WRC-07 IMT Identications Europe/Africa/ Middle East

450 470 790 862 2300 2400 3400

In 81 countries, effective 11/17/2010

3500 3600
31

Americas
450 470 698 862 2300 2400 3400

Mobile allocation, no identification

3500 3600 3600

Asia Pacic
450 470 698 862 2300 2400 3400 3500

Legend:

Effective immediately in 61 countries, in 6 others a subset of the band Effective in all countries 17 June 2015 Mobile allocation in 14 countries Identied in 9 countries Identied in 10 countries Identied in 9 countries + mobile allocation everywhere

20 MHz in the band 450470 MHz (globally) 72 MHz in the band 790862 MHz for Region 1 (Europe) and parts of Region 3 (Asia) 108 MHz in the band 698806 MHz for Region 2 (Americas) and some countries of Region 3 (Asia) 100 MHz in the band 2.32.4 GHz (globally) 200 MHz in the band 3.43.6 GHz (no global allocation, but identified in 82 countries)
Fig. 14 additional Spectrum Identified at wrc 2007
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LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE Spectrum requirements

The table opposite shows the existing bands supported by 3GPP and 3GPP2. The majority of these are already in use with the well known 2G/3G technologies. One of the largest areas of interest for operators and regulators alike is the potential for spectrum re-farming in these bands. Spectrum neutrality is becoming increasing wide spread, where the regulator lifts the technology specific nature of the licenses. UMTS900 has already been approved and there is work taking place on the USA in the 700MHz band. The digital dividend is also another area of interest, analogue TV broadcast are coming to an end in many parts of the word leaving behind spectrum in the ranges 470 862 MHz.

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operating brand
Band I Band II Band III USA Band IV Band V Japan Band VI Band VII Band VIII Japan Band IX Band X Japan Band XI
New 3GPP work items

Brand name
2.1GHz 1900MHz 1800MHz 1.7/2.1GHz 850MHz 800MHz 2.6GHz 900MHz 1700MHz 7.7/2.1MHz 1500MHz Lower 700MHz Upper 700MHz Upper 700MHz public safety/private Paired 2.6GHz Paired 2.6GHz

Total spectrum
2x60MHz 2x60MHz 2x75MHz 2x45MHz 2x25MHz 2x10MHz 2x70MHz 2x35MHz 2x35MHz 2x60MHz 2x25MHz 2x18MHz 2x12MHz 2x10MHz

uplink (Mhz)
1920 1980 1850 1910 1710 1785 1710 1755 824 849 830 840 2500 2570 880 915 1749.9 1784.9 1710 1770 1427.9 1452.9 698 716 776 788 788 798

downlink (Mhz)
2110 2170 1930 1990 1805 1880 2110 2155 869 894 875 885 2620 2690 925 960 1844.9 1879.9 2110 2170 1475.9 1500.9 728 746 746 758 758 768

USA Band XII USA Band XIII Band XIV USA

ETSI band numbers

Band XV Band XVI

2x20MHz 2x15MHz

1900 1920 2010 2025

2600 2620 2585 2600

Fig. 15 Existing and Future 3GPP Bands

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