Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

TNH YU V TH HN TRONG I GI H CA EMILY BRONTE

LOVE AND FEUD IN WUTHERING HEIGHTS BY EMILY BRONTE SVTH: L Minh Khng
Lp: 06CNA09, Khoa Ting Anh, i Hc Ngoi ng

GVHD: Nguyn c Chnh

Khoa Ting Anh, Trng i Hc Ngoi ng
TM TT Cho n tn ngy hm nay, trn vn n th gii vn cn nhc ti Emily Bronte v tiu thuyt i Gi H, mt vin ngc qu trong kho tng vn hc Anh. Tc phm tp trung phn ln vo tnh yu khng thnh gia Heathcliff v Catherine Earnshaw, cng chnh kht vng tnh yu dn n bi kch, tiu dit chnh h v c nhng ngi thn khc xung quanh mnh. y chnh l im mu cht quyt nh sc sng cho ton b tc phm, cng chnh l nguyn nhn m rt nhiu gii ph bnh tng e d khng cp n lc by gi. Trong khun kh bi nghin cu, chng ti s phn tch mi lin quan gia mi tnh t th u th gia Catherine v Healthcliff, tc ng ca nhng thng ngy n s hn th ca Healthcliff v tnh yu st son gia nhng hai ngi d chuyn bin qua bao nhiu thng nm. ABSTRACT Up to now, Emily Bronte has been well-known as one of best English Authors with her masterpiece Wuthering Heights. Time after time, Wuthering Heights is now praised for the "great power" of the novel and its provokative qualities. The narrative tells the tale of the allencompassing and passionate, yet thwarted, love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys them and many around them. This study is carried out to analyze the relation between love and feud or love in the childhood, the effect of the puppy love and the eternal love of them through prejudice over time.

1. M U 1.1. L do chn ti i gi h c xut bn vo thi i Victoria, thi k vn hc lng mn nhng bc cho hin thc ph phn. V th tc phm ny, mc d theo khuynh hng lng mn, nhng vn bao gm rt nhiu yu t hin thc trong . Tri qua hng trm nm, gi tr vn hc vn cn nguyn vn v sng mi trong lng c gi. Mc d c rt nhiu chuyn gia nghin cu v tc phm ny, nhng Vit Nam n vn cn mi m. c bit, vi nhng ai yu thch vn hc, hn s cn b ng vi nhng cu hi khng li p v tnh yu tht s, l do dn n hn th, v tnh yu ca th h sau ha gii li hn th s nh th no. Nghin cu Tnh yu v th hn trong i gi h ca Emily Bronte s gip cho bn c hoc nhng ai quan tm hiu r hn v tc phm ln nht ca n vn s ti hoa bc mnh Emily Bronte. 1.2. Lch s vn i gi h tr nn ni ting khng ch v tnh cht mnh m ca n, bn thn cun tiu thuyt gi gn ton b bi cnh lch s tha by gi, nhng mu thun gay gt
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gia cc tng lp khc nhau trong x hi Anh di thi Victoria. Thm vo , xt v kha cnh ni dung, n vn s Emily Bront xp t mt cch hon ho nhng din bin tm l ca cc nhn vt v gii quyt cu chuyn thnh cng mt cch rc r. a phn cc tc gi tp trung vo s khc nghit ca thin nhin tc ng n bi cnh ca cu chuyn nh Homans(1979), s nh hng ca thi nin thiu gia hai nhn vt chnh n quyt nh tr th ca Healthcliff, Madden(1972); v vn cn m ng cho nhiu nghin cu tip theo. Nhiu nm qua, mc d nhn c s cng nhn ca gii ph bnh v cng chng yu vn hc trn ton th gii, i Gi H vn cha c c khai thc nhiu Vit Nam. Ch c mt s bi vit tm lc v cuc i, s nghip ca nh vn, hay nhc qua i Gi H ch nh mt v d in hnh cho dng vn hc thi k lng mn nh Nguyn Xun Thm (1997), ng Th Hnh & L Hng Sm (1985), ng Anh o (2007), ng Th Ho (2004). V th, nghin cu ny s i su v mi lin quan gia s th hn v tnh yu lm ni bt ch chnh ca tc phm. 1.3. Mc ch nghin cu Mc ch nghin cu ca ti l phn tch nhng rng buc v tnh cm dn n s hn th trong th gii nhn vt ca tiu thuyt ny. Qua , ngi c s thy c bc tranh v x hi Anh th k 19. Bn cnh , chng ta s thy c bt php ngh thut ti tnh ca Emily Bronte trong vic xy dng th gii nhn vt v nhng ng gp ca b trong qu trnh i mi ngh thut tiu thuyt phng Ty th k 19. 1.4. Phm vi nghin cu C th thy rng tc phm i Gi H cha ng nhiu ch nh: i sng gia nh, s gn kt gia cc thnh vin trong cng ng, nh kin x hi v cc kha cnh tn gio. Tuy vy, ti ny tp trung phn tch v mi tng quan gia tnh yu gia cc tuyn nhn vt chnh, ph; nhng xung t v ni tm v s tr th dn n bi kch trong tc phm. 1.5. Phng php nghin cu thc hin ti ny, trc tin chng ti tin hnh c tc phm c bn ting Anh ln ting Vit c c nhng tng mang tnh cht bnh lun ph phn v ton b tc phm ny. Sau , chng ti phn tch, v tng hp cc chi tit lin quan n ti tr li cho cc cu hi nghin cu. Bn cnh , nhng ti liu v lch s vn hc v l lun vn hc cng c tham kho lm c s l thuyt cho ti. 2. Ni dung 2.1. Tnh yu th cn u th gia Catherine v Healthcliff Tnh yu lc cn nin thiu gia Catherine v Healthcliff l tnh cm p nht, nhg n cng l im khi u ca ton b nhng xung t mang tnh cht bi kch trong ton cu chuyn. Ngay t khi c b ca Catherine nhn v nui, Healthcliff tr thnh ci gai trong mt mi ngi v tnh lm l ca n. Tuy nhin, ch c duy nht mt ngi Catherine lun bn, khng phn bit ch t, khng quan tm n en a, gy kt v hi hm m vn bn bu bn. Chnh t s cm thng su sc ny gip tri tim Healhcliff
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em lng yu mn v nguyn cu lun c k bn Cathy. Du cho sau ny, khi b ca Cathy mt i, a con trai Hindley ln nm gi ngi nh, y a Healthcliff n mc no, n vn cay ng nhn nhc ct ch c bn Catherine. Chnh v vy, c th ni rng tnh yu ca hai ngi l mt tnh yu nng nn. Mt tnh yu mnh lit n mc c th gip Healthcliff chu nhng trn n roi m tn qun gia Joseph thi hnh t ngi anh ca Cathy. i vi h, mt trong nhng tr vui thch nht l sm chy ra ng hoang, v c ngy, cn hnh pht sau ch l tr ci. Chng qun qut bn nhau n ni, nim au n nht ca Cathy khng phi l khng c i l mi sng nh th, m li b cm tc, khng c gn Healthcliff. Chi (1998) tng nhn xt rng: Mt tnh yu nng nn ti mc vt qua nhng lun thng rng buc gia cha v cc tn qu qu sc to tn. Th nhng, y cng l mt tnh yu ng thng. Bi l, Cathy ch bit yu bng mt tri tim v k, cn Healthcliff li yu bng c nim tin, sc sng ca mnh. Mc d yu qu Healhcliff, nhng Cathy vn thc c rng mnh l mt ngi mt a v khc. Trong mi tr chi, c lun mun mnh l b ch, ch bo, thm ch bp tai ngi hu do Healthcliff ng. Chnh a v x hi ca gia nh c l mt ro cn n tnh yu hai ngi. 2.2. Bin c v tc ng ca bin c n s hn th ca Healthcliff Bin c dn n bc ngot trong cu chuyn chnh l k t khi Catherine c gi li nh Linton. Mt bui ti sau khi trn i chi, Catherine v Healthcliff v tnh n chi p Thrushcross ca gia nh Linton. Catherine b ch canh gia nh ny cn phi v c a vo trong chm sc. Lc , Healthcliff thc c s phn bit gia a v tng lp trong x hi. ch thn ng b Linton xn tay lau vt thng cho c b, n a con trai Edgar phi tr mt nhn kinh ngc. Ch c Healthcliff b b mc v tht thu quay v. Nm tun sau, Catherine bnh phc tr li nh Gi H. Lc ny, nh s chm sc n cn v cung cch qu tc ca gia nh Linton bin Catherine t mt c b hoang d thnh c tiu th i cc, rc r trong xim y. Cathy thc c mnh l ai v phi lm g. T cch n mc, i ng, ni nng cng th hin mt ng cp x hi hon ton khc. Thm ch, d tnh yu thng dnh cho Healthcliff vn mi nguyn vn, Cathy vn v tnh ci ph ln v ln ting ch bai: Nom ng mi en v cau c lm sao khi m chm ly Healthcliff. Vn trong lng ch c mt ngi duy nht, Healthcliff khng th chu ni s thay i ca ngi n thng. Mang sn s t ti, li xu h v v b ngoi, n thu mnh li v x gai vi chnh Catherine. Cathy, tri li, vn ngh n Healthcliff. Ch c iu vi nim kiu hnh ca mnh, c khng nhn ra gy tn thng ti Healthcliff. Cng ngy, c cng xa cch vi Healthcliff v gn gi vi a con trai ch nhn ca thp Thrushcross Edgar Linton. Trong thm tm, c vn ngh n vic bn v mi mi ch bn Healthcliff nhng thc t buc c phi cn nhc mt chn la khc: B m mt, nh Gi H thuc v tay anh trai Hindley, anh c li xem Healthcliff chng khc g mt tn khn bn cng di y x hi.
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Cui cng, c th l vi v Dean rng s phi ci Edgar c tin gip cho cuc sng Healthcliff. Chng may, Healthcliff nn nng ch nghe c n on nu ly Healthcliff, Catherine s mt danh gi m khng h bit rng danh gi khng bng c tnh yu trc sau vn ha nhp p cng tm hn. Healthcliff b nh i, mang theo ni hn th vi c dng tc Earnshaw. 2.3. L do cho s th hn trong lng Healthcliff L do cho s th hn c th k n ba nguyn nhn chnh: 2.3.1. Thn phn au thng & tui th bt hnh. Vn xut thn t mt tng lp khng c s tha nhn trong x hi, nh li Hindley d bu mt a di gan xu x, tc en, mt en, li en a bn thu. Ngay n nhng ngi khng lin quan n gia nh Earnshaw nh ng b Linton cng ph nhn s tn ti ca n Sao gia nh bn kia li nhn nui mt a di gan t n , hay M hay Ty Ban Nha b b ri. Lc ng Earnshaw cn sng, Healthcliff cn c cht thng yu t b nui ca mnh. Nhng k t khi ng mt, Healthcliff phi sng a thc y di s dy v ca Hindley, mng nhic ca Joseph, v gh lnh ca b Earnshaw. Nhng trn n roi v s khinh mit ca cng ng li mt vt thng lng khng th no ngui ca Healthcliff. 2.3.2. Tnh yu ln nht trong cuc i b tc ot. i vi Healthcliff, Catherine chnh l tnh yu, s sng, hi th ca mnh. Mi c ch anh biu hin, mi hnh ng anh lm u v Catherine. Anh tng th nhn vi v Dean rng: Lm sao ti c th sng c khi thiu tri tim ca mnh, lm sao ti sng khi thiu hn ca ti lc anh hay tin Catherine la trn. y vy m, tnh yu y b tc ot khi Catherine ng ly Edgar. Anh cho rng chnh s xut hin ca Edgar trong cuc i Catherine khi dy nim kiu hnh, s t ho v dng di quyn qu v cp i nng ra khi th gii ca anh. Mt Catherine, anh b ngi nh m anh tri qua nhng thng nm y cay ng vi lng hn th c dng tc Earnshaw. 2.4. Tnh yu gia cc nhn vt chnh: Tnh yu ch thc hay l nhng rng buc? 2.4.1. Tnh yu son st gia Catherine v Healthcliff Tnh yu gia Catherine v Healthcliff l mt tnh yu ch thc ch mc d quyt tm b li sau lng tt c nhng g anh cho l ti nhc, Healthcliff vn quyt nh tr v gp li Catherine. D bit, Edgar chim lnh tt c nhng g c xem l trong trng v trinh tit ca Catherine, Healthcliff vn b qua tt c. Mang sn tm trng rng: Ch cn nng ni khng cn mun gp ti na ti s bin mt vnh vin nh Gi H, anh i hng ting ng h di ma quan st c trong im lng.Trong pht Catherine lm chung, d bit b Edgar cm ca v da s git cht, Healthcliff vn m nng trong vng tay, sit cht ly. Anh khng nh: Ti s li v em. Nu anh ta bn ti trong khi m em th ny, ti s th hi cui cng vi mt li ban phc trn mi. Khi an tng Catherine, thm ch, Healthcliff cn b ngoi tai li khuyn can, o ngi m trn nh Gi H. D mang nng mi th vi Hindley, Edgar, nhng tng chng lc , Healthcliff sn sng nguyn cht bn Catherine. i vi Catherine, trc sau nh mt, vn dnh mt tnh yu khng suy suyn dnh
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cho Healthcliff. Ngay t ngy u th, c chnh l ngi u tin bn Healthcliff,bo v anh,sn sc anh. Lc tr v ngi nh sau thi gian dng thng, ngi u tin m c a khc run ri gp mt chnh l Healthcliff. Lc xy ra trn chin ny la gia Edgar chng c v Healthcliff tnh yu chn chnh ca c, c khng h ngh suy ph bng Edgar ri chy n bo v ngi m c tht lng yu. n mc, v qu lao tm kh t khi bit mnh chn la sai, c nhn n nhiu ngy nh l mt s trng pht cho chnh hnh ng ca mnh. 2.4.2. Mi tnh gia Catherine v Edgar: Tnh yu hay s hy sinh n mc m qung? Edgar, t giy pht u tin gp Catherine, em lng si m c. Ti khi c bc l bn tnh ngang ngc ca mnh, Edgar vn my may khng quan tm, tha th v chp nhn c. Trong nhiu hon cnh khc nhau, d bit rng tnh yu m Catherine dnh cho Edgar ch l mt tnh yu v k, anh chng h bn tm m vn chp nhn iu . Tnh yu anh dnh c l ci bc t un mnh theo ci kim, ch ci kim chng h ung theo ci bc. Li Catherine ni l chn l, hnh ng ca Catherine l mnh lnh i vi Edgar. nh cao ca s hy sinh chnh l khi Catherine ng ra bnh vc Healthcliff m b mc anh. C ln ging nhic mng, khinh b, d bu anh chng khc g mt con ch cp ui np mnh bn l si, nhng tnh yu m anh dnh cho c khng h suy suyn. Thi im anh bit c Catherine giam mnh nhn n n gn cht, anh nhy b vo, b qua nhng hn ghen nh nhen, b qua nhng toan tnh thi thng, bn tng mung cho, mm tng ngm nc mong c sng c thm tng ngy bn anh. Tnh yu ca anh thng hoa ln thnh tnh yu thnh thn. 2.5. Tnh yu gia nhng a con s ha gii hn th. Khi Catherine mt, Healthcliff, v hn th, rp tm buc con rut ca anh ta Linton Heathcliff - ci a con gi cng tn vi Catherine. Nhng, cng y c b v pha Linton, th s quan tm ca Hareton a con ca Hindley vn dnh cho Catherin con mt cch t nhin v nng nhit. Catherine con yu Linton v mt s gn kt v dng h, mt ni nim mong c a em h chi vy hn l mt tnh yu ng ngha. Tnh yu m Catherine ngang tng, nhng tt tnh dnh cho Hareton lm l, cc mch nhng tht th v hng thin mi ch thc l tnh yu chn chnh. C th ni, ci cht ca Healthcliff chnh mt l s sang trang cho mi quan h gia hai dng h. B qua hn th, b qua him khch, b qua c nh kin v giai cp, dng di, Catherine con vn i n tnh yu vi Hareton. 3. Kt lun S hn th i khi mang n nhng xung t ni tm, v d bt k hon cnh hay a v no, th hn th cng khng mang n kt qu tt p. Tnh yu gia Catherine v Healthcliff l mt mi tnh ng thng, va cha chan ngt ngo nhng cng y th hn. Qua bi nghin cu ny, chng ta phn no thy c mt chn l: D cho hn th ln n th no, th mun sc mun v ca tnh yu vn tip ni v c sc mnh ha gii th hn .
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Nhng nhn vt trong i Gi H tri qua nhng nt tht xung t, t hiu lm, gin d, th hn, tuyt vng nhng chnh tnh cng chnh tnh yu mang nhng con ngi xch li gn nhau, ha gii li hn th. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] ng Anh o v cc tc gi khc (2007), Vn Hc Phng Ty, Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc, H Ni. [2] ng Th Hnh & L Hng Sm (1985), Vn hc lng mn v vn hc hin thc phng ty th k 19, Nh Xut Bn i Hc V Trung Hc Chuyn Nghip, H Ni. [3] ng Th Ho (2004), Trong T in vn hc, mc i Gi H v Emily Bronte, Nh Xut Bn Th Gii, H Ni. [4] Janet Chi (1998), The love between Catherine and Heathclif, China: Fu Jen University Press. [5] Margaret Homans (1978). Repression and Sublimation of Nature in Wuthering Heights. California: University of California Press

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