properties of fourrier transform

Linearity : g1(T)+g2(T)

Time shift:

Proof: Let

, i.e.,

, we have

Duality :

Or :

Convolution:

Proof:

Frequency shift :
Frequency Shift Displacement in frequency multiplies the time/space function by a unit phasor which has angle proportional to time/space and to the amount of displacement.

If h(x) Modulation

H(f) then h(x) H(f - f0)

[12.6]

Multiplication of a time/space function by a cosine wave splits the frequency spectrum of the function. Half of the spectrum shifts left and half shifts right. This is simply a variant of the shift theorem which makes use of Euler's relationship cos(x) = (eix + e-ix) / 2. h(x) h(x) and therefore by the linearity theorem it follows that H(f - f0) H(f + f0)

If h(x)

H(f)

then

[12.7]

The modulation theorem is the basis of transmission of amplitude-modulated radio broadcasts. When a low frequency audio signal is multiplied by a radio-frequency carrier wave, the spectrum of the audio message is shifted to the radio portion of the electromagnetic spectrum for transmission by an antenna. Similarly, a method for recovery of the audio signal called super-heterodyne demodulation involves multiplying the received signal by a sinusoid with the same frequency as the carrier, thereby demodulating the audio component. Differentiation Differentiation of a function induces a 90 phase shift in the spectrum and scales the magnitude of the spectrum in proportion to frequency. Repeated differentiation leads to the general result: If h(x) H(f) then [12.8]

This theorem explains why differentiation of a signal has the reputation for being a noisy operation. Even if the signal is band-limited, noise will introduce high frequency signals which are greatly amplified by differentiation. Integration

Integration of a function induces a -90 phase shift in the spectrum and scales the magnitude of the spectrum inversely with frequency.

If h(x)

H(f)

then