CHEMISTRY (CHAPTER 1)

Physical properties:- These are the characteristics that can be observed without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties include : colour, odour, taste, density, solubility, melting point and boiling point.

Particle Theory:- This theory states that matter is made up of particles.

Diffusion:- This is the movement of particles from a region of high concentration (where there is a lot of it) to a region of low concentration ( where there is little or none of it). Diffusion also results in a substance being evenly spread out. Eg) Movement of perfume particles in a room from where it is sprayed

Brownian Motion:- This the visible movement of small pieces of solid that are big enough to be seen under the microscope. The small pieces of solid are bombarded by invisible particles of liquid or gas in which they are they suspended. Eg) Hapazard movement of dust particles in the air.

Osmosis:- This diffusion of water from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a semi permeable membrane. Eg) Green paw-paw strips in a beaker of water.

Physical State Solids

Property Shape: - Definite shape - Many have 3 dimensional lattices (i.e. they are crystalline)

Volume: - Constant volume Compressibility: - Not easily compressible-pressure has no effect o volume FORCE

Explanation - The arrangement is close-packed and regular. - Particles are strongly attracted. - Their motion is restricted - Therefore the solid has a fixed shape and therefore the solid is not easily compressible.

Liquids

Shape: - Variable shape- take the shape of their containers. - No fixed lattice