Models

For concrete

Willam and Warnke - triaxial failure surface of unconfined plain concrete The nonlinear Newton-Raphson- trace the equilibrium path during the load-deformation response Elastic perfectly plastic (Drucker-Prager) multilinear isotropic material uses the von Mises failure criterion along with the Willam and Warnke (1974) model- define the failure of the concrete For reinforcement the discrete model, the embedded model the smeared model.

For support steel plate : Solid 45- von Mises failure criteria

K. J. William and E. P. Warnke, Constitutive model for the triaxial behavior of concrete, in Proceedings of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering