Lect 3: Instruction Set and

Addressing Modes
386 Instruction Set (3.4)
Basic Instruction Set : 8086/8088 instruction set
Extended Instruction Set : 80286; several new instructions and
additional addressing modes
80386 specific instruction set:

Basic
Instruction
Set
Basic +
Extended
Instruction
Set
Basic +
Extended+
80386 specific
Instruction
Set
System control
Instruction set
System control
Instruction set
8086/8088
80286
80386
Protected Mode
Real Mode
386 Instruction Set (3.4)
Addressing Modes of 386DX (3.5)

Addressing Modes: a method of specifying an operand
Operands : in REG, Memory, I/O ports, and within Instruction
* Control Transfer : direct, indirect addressing
the modes available
register addressing : REG
immediate addressing: within Instruction
direct addressing
register indirect addressing
based addressing
indexed addressing
based indexed addressing
MEM or I/O
Addressing Modes
Register Operand Addressing Mode
can be accessed in byte, word, or double word sizes.
MOV AX, BX
Byte: AL, AH, BL, BH, CL, CH, DL, DH
Word: AX, BX, CX, DX, SP, BP, SI, DI, CS, DS, SS, ES, FS,
GS
Double Word: EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESP, EBP, ESI, EDI
See Fig 3.8 in page 64
Immediate Operand Addressing
an operand is part of the instruction
MOV AL, 15H
8 bits, 16 bits, and 32 bits in length
See Fig 3.10 in page 67
ABCD
Register Addressing
0000 IP
CS
DS
SS
ES
FS
GS
AX
BX
CX
DX
SP
BP
SI
DI
Address Memory
Content
Instruction
80386
MPU
0100
XXXX
ABCD
01000 8B MOV AX, BX
01001 C3
01002 XX
Immediate Addressing
0000 IP
CS
DS
SS
ES
FS
GS
AX
BX
CX
DX
SP
BP
SI
DI
Address Memory
Content
Instruction
80386
MPU
0100
01000 B0 MOV AL, 15H
01001 15
01002 XX
XX 15
Direct Addressing

16-bit Memory Operand Addressing Modes
16-bit addressing modes and 32-bit addressing modes
Physical address = Segment Base: EA(effective address)
Segment Base Address(SBA) : the starting location of the
segment
EA : the offset of the operand from the beginning of the
segment of memory
EA = Base + Index + Displacement
Base = BX or BP, Index = SI or DI, displacement = 8-bit
or 16-bit


16-bit Memory Operand Addressing
Direct Addressing Mode
PA = Segment Base : Direct Address
MOV CX, [1234H]
MOV CX, [1234H]
IP
CS
DS
SS
ES
FS
GS
AX
BX
CX
DX
SP
BP
SI
DI
01000
01001
01002
01003
01004

8B
0E
34
12
XX
0000
0100
0200
XXXX
03234 ED
03235 BE
BEED
16-bit Memory Operand Addressing
Register Indirect Addressing Mode
PA = Segment Base : Indirect Address {BX,BP,SI,DI}
example : MOV AX, [SI]
MOV AX,[SI]
IP
CS
DS
SS
ES
FS
GS
AX
BX
CX
DX
SP
BP
SI
DI
01000
01001
01002
01003
01004

8B
04
XX
XX
XX
0000
0100
0200
XXXX
03234 ED
03235 BE
BEED
1234
16-bit Memory Operand Addressing
Based Addressing Mode
PA = Segment Base : {BX or BP} + {8-bit or 16-bit displacement}
Base register : the beginning of a data structure (See Fig 3.16 (b) in page 74
Example: MOV [BX]+1234H, AL
MOV [BX]+1234H, AL
IP
CS
DS
SS
ES
FS
GS
AX
BX
CX
DX
SP
BP
SI
DI
01000
01001
01002
01003
01004

88
07
34
12
XX
0000
0100
0200
04234
04235
1234
ED
1000
Displacement
Base Register
+
Element 0
Element 1
Data Structure
Element n-1
16-bit Memory Operand Addressing
Indexed Addressing Mode
PA = Segment Base : {SI, DI}+{8-bit or 16-bit displacement}
Displacement : the starting address of an array; Index: selects
the specific element in the array
Example: MOV AL, [SI]+2000H
Index Register
Displacement
+
Element 0
Element 1
Array of data
Element n-1
IP
CS
DS
SS
ES
FS
GS
AX
BX
CX
DX
SP
BP
SI
DI
01000
01001
01002
01003
01004

8A
44
34
12
XX
0000
0100
0200
05234
05235
2000
XX
1000
MOV AL, [SI]+1234H
BE
16-bit Memory Operand Addressing
Based-Indexed Addressing Mode
PA= Seg Base: {BX, BP}+{SI,DI}+{8-bit or 16-bit
displacement}
to access complex data structures
See fig 3.20 in page 80
Example: MOV AH, [BX][SI]+1234H
opcode : 8A 44 34 12
32-bit Memory Operand Addressing Modes
Enhanced in two ways
Scale factor : EA = base + (index x scale factor) +
displacement
PA = Segment Base: EA










)
`

=
nt displaceme bit - 32
nt displaceme bit 8
8
4
2
1
DI
SI
BP
DX
CX
BX
AX
DI
SI
BP
SP
DX
CX
BX
AX
:
GS
FS
ES
DS
SS
CS
PA
See fig 3.23 in page 83: change 16-bit displacement to 32-bit
displacement
How can we specify the 32-bit extension modes?
Default (D) bit in the code segment descriptor
2 prefixes to the instruction set
Operand size prefix
Address size prefix
32-bit Memory Operand Addressing Modes