S GD V T

TRNG THPT CHNG M B

THI HOC SINH GII CP TRNG

NM HC: 2011 - 2012.
MN HA HC LP 10
(Thi gian lm bi: 150 pht)

Cu I (3 im):
Anion X- c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3p5.
1. Vit cu hnh electron v cho bit s phn b electron trn cc obitan lp ngoi
cng ca nguyn t X?
2. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng tun hon? Tn gi ca X? Gii thch bn cht lin
kt ca X vi cc kim loi nhm IA?
3. Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca X l g? Ly v d minh ha?
4. T X- lm th no iu ch c X? Vit phng trnh phn ng?
Cu II ( 3 im):
Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB32- bng 82. S ht mang in trong ht nhn ca
nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong ht nhn nguyn t B l 8.
1. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t A v B?
2. Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t A v B trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha
hc?
Cu III( 5 im)
Cn bng cc phn ng sau bng phng php thng bng electron:
1, Fe3O4 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 +SO2 + H2O
2, K2Cr2O7 + FeCl2 + HCl CrCl3 + KCl + FeCl3 + Cl2 + H2O
3, CH2=CH2 + KMnO4 + H2O CH2 CH2 + MnO2 + KOH
OH OH
4, FeS2 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4 + NOx + H2O
5, KClO3 + NH3 KNO3 + KCl + Cl2 + H2O
Cu IV: (4 im)
Cho m gam hn hp A gm 2 kim loi Al v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c
0,896 lit kh H2(ktc) v dung dch X. Vn m gam hn hp A trn tc dng va vi 0,56
lit (ktc) hn hp B gm 2 kh oxi v clo.
1, Xc nh phn trm th tch tng kh trong hn hp B?
2, Cho X tc dng vi dung dch KOH d thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c 0,76 gam cht rn. Xc nh gi tr ca m?
Cu V: (5 im)
Ha tan hon ton 6,3175g hn hp mui NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 vo nc ri thm vo
100ml AgNO3 1,2M. Sau phn ng lc tch ring kt ta A v dung dch B. Cho 2g Mg
vo dung dch B, khi phn ng kt thc thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Cho kt ta C
vo dung dch HCl long d sau phn ng thy khi lng C gim i 1,844g. Ly dung
dch D, cho thm NaOH d, lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 0,3g
cht rn E.
a, Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh trn?
b, Tnh khi lng cc kt ta A, C?
c, Tnh khi lng cc mui trong hn hp ban u?
(Cho nguyn t khi ca Al:27, Mg:24, Na:23, K:39, Ag:108, O:16, Cl:35,5)

P N
Cu

Ni dung

Cu I
(3im)
1.(1)
Cu hnh electron y ca X:
1s22s22p63s23p5
S phn b cc electron trn cc obitan:
3s
3p
2. (1) V tr ca X trong bng tun hon: th 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA.
X l Clo (Cl)
Khi lin kt vi cc nguyn t nhm IA to thnh hp cht:
X + 1e XR
R+ + 1e
X- lin kt vi R+ bng lin kt ion.
3.(0,5) Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca clo l tnh xi ha mnh
V d:
0

+1 -1

Cl2 +2 Na 2NaCl
0

+3 -1

3Cl2 + 2Fe 2FeCl3

Ngoi ra clo cn th hin tnh kh
V d:
0

-1

+1

Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO

4.(0,5) 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
Ptp:
4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 +2H2O
Cu II
(3im)
(1,5)
Gi s proton ca hai nguyn t A v B ln lt l: PA v PB.

Gi s electron trong hai nguyn t A v b ln lt l: EA v EB

Ta c: PA = EA, PB = EB.
Theo bi ra:
2(PA + 3PB) + 2 = 82 (1)
PA PB = 8
(2)
Gii h (1) v (2) c PA=16, PB = 8. Vy ZA=16 v ZB=8.
(0,5)
(1)

ZA = PA =16. Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p4

ZB = PB = 8. Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p4
Da vo cu hnh electron ca A v B xc nh v tr ca A v B trong
bng tun hon:
A: th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA
B: th 8, chu k 2, nhm VIA.

Tha
ng
im

Cu III
(5im)
1.(1)

+8/3

+6

+3

+4

2 Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 +SO2 +10 H2O

+8/3

2*

+3

Fe3

3Fe

+ 1e

+6

1*

2.(1)

+6

+4

+ 2e

+2

-1

+3

+3

K2Cr2O7 + 2FeCl2 + 14HCl 2CrCl3 + 2KCl + 2FeCl3 + 2Cl2 + 7H2O

+2

+3

Fe

Fe

-1

2Cl

+2

2*

+1e

Fe

Cl2 + 2e

-1

+3

+ 2Cl

+6

1*
3.(1)

Cr2

-2

-2

Fe

+ Cl2 + 3e

+3

+ 6e

2Cr

+7

-1

-1

+4

3CH2=CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CH2CH2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

OH OH
-2

3*

-1

2C

2C + 2e

+7

2*
4.(1)

+4

Mn

+ 3e Mn

+2 -1

+5

+3

+6

+2x

(5-2x)FeS2 + (30-6x)HNO3 (5-2x)Fe(NO3)3 + (10-4x)H2SO4 +15NOx

+ (5 + x)H2O
+2

+3

Fe

-1

2S

+2 -1

+6

Fe

+5

+ 2S + 15e

+2x

N + (5-2x)

+5

+14e

+3

(5-2x)* FeS2
5.(1)

+1e

+6

S2

15*

Fe

-3

+5

N
-1

3KClO3 + 2NH3 2KNO3 + KCl + Cl2 + 3H2O

+5

Cl

-1

+6e

Cl

+5

2Cl

+10e Cl2

+5

-1

1* 3Cl

+ 16e

-3

2.(2)

Cl

+ Cl2

+ 8e

+5

2* N
Cu IV
(4im)
1.(2)

nH2= 0,04(mol), nB = 0,025 (mol). t nCl2: a mol, nO2; b mol.

Tc dng vi dd HCl:
Al0 Al+3 + 3e
2H+ + 2e H20
Mg0 Mg+2 + 2e
0,08 0,04
Theo LBT electron: 3nAl + 2nMg = 0,08 (1)
Tc dng vi oxi v clo:
Al0 Al+3 + 3e
Cl2 + 2e 2Cla 2a
0
+2
Mg Mg + 2e
O2 + 4e 2O-2
b 4b
Theo LBT eletron: 3nAl + 2nMg = 2a + 4b (2)
T (1 v 2) : 2a+ 4b=0,08.
Theo bi ra ta c h:
a + b = 0,025
2a + 4b = 0,08
Gii h ta c: a= 0,01 v b= 0,015.
%VCl2 = 40%, %VO2 = 60%.
t nAl: x (mol), nMg: y (mol)
Dd X gm: AlCl3, MgCl2 v HCl d. Cho X tc dng vi dd KOH d ch
thu c kt ta Mg(OH)2. Nung kt ta thu c cht rn l MgO.
nMgO = 0,76/40=0,019 (mol)
Theo bi ra ta c h :
3x + 2y = 0,08
y= 0,019
Gii h ta c x=0,014 (mol), y=0,019 (moll).
Vy gi tr ca m= 0,014*27 + 0,019*24 =0,834 gam.

Cu V
(5im)
1.(1)
PTPU:
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
KCl + AgNO3 AgCl + KNO3
MgCl2 + 2AgNO3 2 AgCl + Mg(NO3)2
Mg + 2AgNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2.
MgCl2 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
t

Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O

2.(2)
Cho AgNO3 vo dung dch cha cc mui clorua xy ra phn ng:
Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (1)
B: 0,12
x
P: x
x
Cn: 0,12-x
0
0,12-x
Kt ta A: AgCl : x mol.
Dd B: NaNO3, KNO3, Mg(NO3)2 v AgNO3 d (do cho Mg vo ddB vn
thu c kt ta).
Mg
+
2Ag+ Mg2+
+
2Ag (2)
P: 0,06-0,5x 0,12-x 0,06-0,5x 0,12-x
Kt ta C: Ag: 0,12-x mol v Mg d ( do cho C vo dd HCl thy c kh
thot ra).
Dd D: NaNO3, KNO3, Mg(NO3)2.
Mg
+ 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 (3)
Khi lng kt ta C gim chnh l khi lng ca Mg cn d
mMg d = 2 - 24(0,06 - 0,5x) = 1,844.
x = 0,107.
Khi lng kt ta A:
mA = mAgCl = 143,5* 0,107 = 15,3545(g)
Khi lng kt ta C:
mC = mMg d + mAg = 1,844 + 108(0,12 - 0,107) = 3,248(g).
3.(2)

t s mol ca NaCl: a mol

KCl: b mol
MgCl2:c mol
nCl- = a + b + 2c.
Theo (1) nCl-= x = 0,107 a + b + 2c = 0,107
Dd D: NaNO3 : a mol, KNO3 : b mol, Mg(NO3)2 :(c + 0,06 - 0,5x) mol.
Cho NaOH vo dd D ch c Mg(NO3)2 phn ng to kt ta Mg(OH)2, em
nung thu c cht rn l MgO, khi lng 0,3gam.
Mg(NO3)2 MgO
c + 0,06 - 0,5x c + 0,06 - 0.5x
mCR = 40(c + 0.06 0,5x) = 0,3 40(c + 0,06 - 0,5*0,107)=0,3
Theo bi ra ta c h:
a + b + 2c = 0,107
40(c + 0,06 - 0,5*0,107)=0,3
58,5a + 74,5b + 95c = 6,3175
Gii h: a= 0,1 mol, b=0,005 mol, c=0,001 mol.
mNaCl = 58,5*0,1= 5,85g.
mKCl = 74,5*0,005=0,3725g
mMgCl2 = 95*0,001=0,095g.