Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Leadership
Leadership
Overview
Define leadership Present the background & classic studies of leadership Discuss the traditional theories of leadership Identify modern frameworks for leadership Relate the style implications from the classic studies & modern theories of leadership Identify and analyze the skills needed for effective leadership
Leadership
The ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals When you boil it down, contemporary leadership seems to a matter of aligning people toward common goals and empowering them to take the actions needed to reach them. Sherman, 1995 Sanctioned vs. non sanctioned leadership
Managers Vs Leaders
Manager Characteristics Administers A copy Maintains Focuses on systems and structures Relies on control Short range view Asks how and when Eye on bottom line Imitates Accepts the status quo Classic good soldiers Does things right Leader Characteristics Innovates An original Develops Focuses on people Inspires trust Long range perspective Asks what and why Eye on horizon Originates Challenges the status quo Own person Does the right thing
Trait Theories
What characteristics or traits make a person a leader? Great Man Theory: Individuals are born either with or without the necessary traits for leadership Trait theories of leadership sought personality, social, physical or intellectual traits that differentiate leaders from non leaders Trait view has little analytical or predictive value Technical, conceptual and human skills (Katz 1974)
Behavioral Theories
Ohio state studies: initiating structure (task or goal orientation) vs consideration (recognition of individual needs and relationships) University of Michigan studies: Employee oriented ( genuine concern for people) vs production oriented genuine concern for task)
5 4
Low
1
5,5 Organization Man Management Adequate organization performance possible through balancing the necessity to get out work with maintaining morale of the people at a satisfactory level 9,1 1,1 Authority-Obedience Impoverished Management Efficiency in operations results Exertion of minimum effort to get from arranging conditions of required work done is appropriate work in such a way that human to sustain organization membership elements interfere to a minimal degree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Low
High
Contingency Theories
Fiedlers contingency Model
Performance Good Relationship Oriented Task Oriented
Favorable
Moderate
Unfavorable
II
Good High
III
Good Low
IV
Good Low
V
Poor High
VI
Poor High
VII
Poor Low
VIII
Poor Low
Good High
Strong
weak
strong
weak
strong
weak
strong
weak
(High)
Relationship behavior
High relationship High Task And And low task High relationship Task behavior (High) Immature
(Low)
Mature
High M4
Moderate M3 M2
Low M1
Maturity of follower( s)
Charismatic Leadership
Key Characteristics of Charismatic leaders
1. 2. Self Confidence- They have complete confidence in their judgment and ability. A vision- This is an idealized goal that proposes a future better than the status quo. The greater the disparity between idealized goal and the status quo, the more likely that followers will attribute extraordinary vision to the leader. Ability to articulate the vision- They are able to clarify and state the vision in terms that are understandable to others. This articulation demonstrates an understanding of the followers needs and, hence acts as a motivating force. Strong convictions about vision- Charismatic leaders are perceived as being strongly committed, and willing to take on high personal risk, incur high costs, and engage in self-sacrifice to achieve their vision. Behavior that is out of the ordinary- Those with charisma engage in behavior that is perceived as being novel, unconventional, and counter to norms. When successful , these behaviors evoke surprise and admiration in followers. Perceived as being a change agent- Charismatic leaders are perceived as agents of radical change rather than as caretakers of the status quo. Environmental sensitivity- These leaders are able to make realistic assessments of the environmental constraints and resources needed to bring about change.
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Transformational Leaders
Charisma : Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect trust. Inspiration: Communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses important purposes in simple ways. Intellectual Stimulations: Promotes intelligence, rationality, and careful problem solving. Individualized consideration: Gives personal attention, treats each employee individually, coaches, advises.
Networking
Training/Developing
2.Managing stress
1.Developing Self-awareness
3. Solving Problems creatively Using the rational approach Using the creative approach Fostering innovation in others
Determining values and priorities Identifying cognitive style Assessing attitude toward change
Interpersonal Skills
6. Motivating others