Workpiece surfaces: In orthogonal cutting (Fig.

(a)), the two basic surfaces of the workpiece are considered: Work surface is the surface of the workpiece to be removed by machining. Machined surface is the surface produced after the cutting tool pass. In many practical machining operations additional surface is considered: Transient surface is the surface being cut by the major cutting edge (Fig. (b)). By comparing Figs. (a) and (b), one should realize that the cutting edge in orthogonal cutting forms the machined surface while in oblique non-free cutting this surface is formed by the so-called tool nose and by the minor cutting edge. Tool surfaces and elements Rake face is the surface over which the chip formed in the cutting process slides. Flank face is the surface(s) over which the surface produced on the workpiece passes. Cutting edge is a theoretical line of intersection of the rake and the flank faces. Cutting wedge is the tool body enclosed between the rake and the flank faces. Shank is the part of the tool by which it is held.