194 Recorded exercises These exercises are mainly intended for students whose native language is not English; however, those exercises which involve work with transcription (exercises 2.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, 4.5, 5.3, 5.4, 6.2, 7.6, 9.5, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.5, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, all of Tape Unit 14 and exercise 20.2) and those which give practice in intonation (Tape Units 15, 16, t7, 18 and 19, and exercise 20.3) will be useful to native speakers as well. Each Tape Unit corresponds to a chapter of this book, with the exception that there is no Tape Unit 1 to correspond to Chapter 1. As far as possible, I have tried to relate the contents of each Tape Unit to the subject-matter of the chapter, but where the chapter is devoted to theoretical matters I have taken advantage of this to produce revision exercises going back over some of the subjects previously worked on. The best way of listening to the tapes is in a language laboratory, where you can record your voice and later listen to it, if possible with the assistance of a tutor. However, if this is not possible, you can use the tapes on an ordinary domestic cassette recorder. If it is possible for you to use headphones you will find the sound quality, even on a cheap machine, very much better than that of the loudspeaker. in some of the exercises you are asked to put stress or intonation ~ marks on the text. It would obviously be sensible to do this in a way that will make it possible for you, or someone else, to erase these marks and use the exercise again. As with the chapters of the book, the tapes are intended to be worked through from first ro last. Those at the beginning are concerned with individual vowels and consonants, and the words containing them are usually pronounced in isolation in a slow, careful style. Pronouncing isolated words in this way is, of course, a very artificial practice, but the recorded exercises are designed to lead the student towards the study of comparatively natura) and fluent speech by the end of the course. In some of the later exercises you will find ir necessary to stop the tape in order to allow yourself enough time to write a transcription. After Tape Unit 20, there is an answers section. Two symbols are used throughout the Tape Units: ll means “Stop your tape” and > means ‘‘Start your tape”.Tape Unit 2 English short vowels The exercises in this Tape Unit practise the six short vowels introduced in Chapter 2. When pronouncing them, you should take care to give the vowels the correct length and the correct quality. Exercise 1 Repetition Listen and repeat: 1 bit brt bid bid him him miss mis bet bet bed bed hen hen mess mes bat beet bad beed ham heem mass mas out kat bud bad bun ban bus bas pot pot cod kod Tom tom joss Ips put put wood wud pull pul push puf Exercise 2. Identification Write the symbol for the vowel you hear in each word. (1... 10) Check your answers. Exercise 3 Production When you hear the number, pronounce the word (which is given in spelling and in phonetic symbols). Repeat the correct pronunciation when you hear it. Example: 1. ‘Mad’ 1. mad mad 7. put put 2, mud mad 8. pot pot 3. bit brt 9. men men 4. bet bet 10. man meen 5. cut kat 11. fun fan 6. cot kot 12. fan fan 195196 Tape Unit 3: Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs Exercise 4 Short vowels contrasted Listen and repeat (words given in spelling): tand e eand @ and A bit bet hem ham lack fuck tin ten set sat bad bud fill fell peck — pack fan fun built belt send sand stamp stump lift left wreck rack flash flush A and 0 Oand o dug — dog lock look cup cop cod could tub rob por put stuck stock shock shook luck — lock crock crook Tape Unit Lang vowels . \ diphthongs and triphthongs: Long vowels Exercise 1 Repetition Listen and repeat: iz beat bi:t bead bi:d heart hazt hard hard caught ko:t cord ko:d woot rut rude ru:d hurt ha:t heard ha:d been bi:n harm ha:m corn ko:n room ru:m earn 3:n beef bi:f hearth ha:6 course ko:s roof ru:f earth 3:0