S H THNG CHA CHY-BO CHY T NG

Ngy nay, cng vi nhng him ha c th xy ra vi con ngi th ha hon cng l mt trong nhng mi nguy him m con ngi cn phi phng nht. Hu qu m n gy ra cho chng ta l rt ln, rt kh c th lng c. Do vn m chng ti cp y l chng ta cn c cnh gic cao v phng chy, cha chy. Chng ta cn trang b y nhng phng tin phng chy cha chy kp thi x l nhanh khi c s c xy ra. Ch c nhng h thng bo chy, cha chy c thit k ng n, y chc nng, n nh v t tiu chun mi c th m bo cho cao c ca bn, nh xng ca bn, ngi nh thn yu ca bn mt cch chc chn khi nhng ri ro do ha hon gy ra. Vi nhng sn phm c thit k ph hp, t tiu chun s mang n cho bn nhng tnh nng hu dng nht: Gip bn trnh c nhng mi nguy him do ha hon gy ra. Bo trc cho bn nhng him ha xp xy ra (nh h thng cc u d, u bo khi, bo nhit, bo gas ) Bn c th d dng x l khi xy ra s c (nh nhng thit b cha chy c thit k ph hp, hon ho v rt d x dng). S h thng bo chy, cha chy t ng

1. Bnh cha chy 2. H thng ng dn 3. Vi phun 4. Mn hnh hin th 5. Chung bo

6. B phn kch hot h thng bng tay 7. ng h ch th ch hot ng 8. u d, u bo 9. Mn chn la 10.T trung tm

H THNG BO CHY T NG(HTBCTD)

I. KHI NIM HTBCTD H thng bo chy t ng l h thng gm tp hp cc thit b c nhim v pht hin v bo ng khi c chy xy ra. Vic pht hin ra cc tn hiu chy c th c thc hin t ng bi cc thit b hoc bi con ngi, v nht thit phi hot ng lin tc trong 24/24 gi. II. CC THNH PHN CA HTBCTD Mt h thng bo chy t ng tiu biu s c 3 thnh phn nh sau: 1. Trung tm bo chy c thit k dng t, bao gm cc thit b chnh : mt mainboard, mt bin th, mt battery. 2. Thit b u vo

- u bo: bo khi, bo nhit, bo gas, bo la. - Cng tc khn (nt nhn khn). 3. Thit b u ra - Bng hin th ph (bn phm). - Chung bo ng, ci bo ng. - n bo ng, n exit. - B quay s in thoi t ng. III. NGUYN L HOT NG CA HTBCTD Quy trnh hot ng ca h thng bo chy l mt quy trnh khp kn. Khi c hin tng v s chy (chng hn nh nhit gia tng t ngt, c s xut hin ca khi hoc cc tia la) cc thit b u vo (u bo, cng tc khn) nhn tn hiu v truyn thng tin ca s c v trung tm bo chy. Ti y trung tm s x l thng tin nhn c, xc nh v tr ni xy ra s chy (thng qua cc zone) v truyn thng tin n cc thit b u ra (bng hin th ph, chung, ci, n), cc thit b ny s pht tn hiu m thanh, nh sng mi ngi nhn bit khu vc ang xy ra s chy v x l kp thi. IV. PHN LOI HTBCTD H thng bo chy s dng 2 loi in th khc nhau : 12V v 24V. V mt l thuyt c hai loi ny u c tnh nng k thut v cng dng nh nhau. Nhng, so vi h thng bo chy 24V th h thng bo chy 12V khng mang tnh chuyn nghip, trung tm 12V ch yu c s dng trong h thng bo trm, ngoi ra h thng cn bt buc phi c bn phm lp trnh. Trong khi h thng bo chy 24V l mt h thng bo chy chuyn nghip, kh nng truyn tn hiu i xa hn, v khng bt buc phi c bn phm lp trnh. Tuy nhin, trung tm x l h bo chy 12V ( trung tm Networx) c gi thnh thp hn so vi trung tm x l h bo chy 24V (trung tm Mircom,) Ngoi ra, H thng bo chy c chia lm 2 h chnh, gm: 1.H bo chy thng thng: Vi tnh nng n gin, gi thnh khng cao, h thng bo chy thng thng ch thch hp lp t ti cc cng ty c din tch va hoc nh (khong vi ngn m2), s lng cc phng ban khng nhiu (vi chc phng); lp t cho nhng nh, xng nh Cc thit b trong h thng c mc ni tip vi nhau v mc ni tip vi trung tm bo chy, nn khi xy ra s c trung tm ch c th nhn bit khi qut v hin th ton b khu vc (zone) m h thng gim st (ch khng cho bit chnh xc v tr tng u bo, tng a im c chy). iu ny lm hn ch kh nng x l ca nhn vin gim st 2.H bo chy a ch: Vi tnh nng k thut cao, h thng bo chy a ch dng lp t ti cc cng ty m mt bng s dng rng ln (vi chc ngn m2), c chia ra lm

nhiu khu vc c lp, cc phng ban trong tng khu vc ring bit vi nhau. Tng thit b trong h thng c mc trc tip vo trung tm bo chy gip trung tm nhn tn hiu xy ra chy ti tng khu vc, tng a im mt cch r rng, chnh xc. T trung tm c th nhn bit thng tin s c mt cch chi tit v c hin th trn bng hin th ph gip nhn vin gim st c th x l s c mt cch nhanh chng. V. GII THCH CHI TIT CC THIT B 1- Trung tm bo chy: (T trung tm , Trung tm iu khin, Control Panel) y l thit b quan trng nht trong h thng v quyt nh cht lng ca h thng. L thit b cung cp nng lng cho cc u bo chy t ng. C kh nng nhn v x l cc tn hiu bo chy t cc u bo chy t ng hoc cc tn hiu s c k thut, hin th cc thng tin v h thng v pht lnh bo ng, ch th ni xy ra chy. Trong trng hp cn thit c th truyn tn hiu n ni nhn tin bo chy. C kh nng t kim tra hot ng bnh thng ca h thng, ch th s c ca h thng nh t dy, chp mch. 2- Thit b u vo: L thit b nhy cm vi cc hin tng ca s chy (s tng nhit, ta khi, pht sng, pht la), v c nhim v nhn thng tin ni xy ra s chy v truyn tn hiu n trung tm bo chy. 2.1- u bo: 2.1.1 u bo khi: (Smoke Detector) - L thit b gim st trc tip, pht hin ra du hiu khi chuyn cc tn hiu khi v trung tm x l. Thi gian cc u bo khi nhn v truyn thng tin n trung tm bo chy khng qu 30s. Mt mi trng t 15% n 20%. Nu nng ca khi trong mi trng ti khu vc vt qua ngng cho php (10% -20%) th thit b s pht tn hiu bo ng v trung tm x l. - Cc u bo khi thng c b tr ti cc phng lm vic, hi trng, cc kho qu, cc khu vc c mt khng gian kn v cc cht gy chy thng to khi trc. - u bo khi c chia lm 2 loi chnh nh sau : 2.1.1.1 u bo khi dng im. c lp ti cc khu vc m phm vi gim st nh, trn nh thp (vn phng, chung c ) a. u bo khi Ion : Thit b to ra cc dng ion dng v ion m chuyn ng, khi c khi, khi s lm cn tr chuyn ng ca cc ion dng v ion m, t thit b s gi tn hiu bo chy v trung tm x l. b. u bo khi Quang (photo): Thit b bao gm mt cp u bo (mt u pht tn hiu, mt u thu tn hiu) b tr i nhau, khi c khi xen gia 2 u bo, khi s lm cn tr ng truyn tn hiu gia 2 u bo, t u bo s gi tn hiu bo chy v trung tm x l.

2.1.1.2 u bo khi dng Beam - Gm mt cp thit b c lp hai u ca khu vc cn gim st. Thit b chiu pht chiu mt chm tia hng ngoi, qua khu vc thuc phm vi gim st ri ti mt thit b nhn c cha mt t bo cm quang c nhim v theo di s cn bng tn hiu ca chm tia sng. u bo ny hot ng trn nguyn l lm m nh sng i nghch vi nguyn l tn x nh sng (cm ng khi ngay ti u bo). - u bo khi loi Beam c tm hot ng rt rng (15m x 100m), s dng thch hp ti nhng khu vc m cc loi u bo khi quang in t ra khng thch hp, chng hn nh ti nhng ni m m khi tin liu l s c khi mu en. - Hn na u bo loi Beam c th ng u vi tnh trng khc nghit v nhit , bi bm, m qu mc, nhiu tp cht, Do u bo dng Beam c th t ng sau ca s c king trong, nn rt d lau chi, bo qun. - u bo dng Beam thng c lp trong khu vc c phm vi gim st ln, trn nh qu cao khng th lp cc u bo im (cc nh xng, ) 2.1.2 u bo nhit: (Heat Detector) - u bo nhit l loi dng d nhit ca mi trng trong phm vi bo v , khi nhit ca mi trng khng tha mn nhng quy nh ca cc u bo nhit do nh sn xut quy nh, th n s pht tn hiu bo ng gi v trung tm x l. - Cc u bo nhit c lp t nhng ni khng th lp c u bo khi (ni cha thit b my mc, Garage, cc bung in ng lc, nh my, nh bp,) 2.1.2.1 u bo nhit c nh L loi u bo b kch hot v pht tn hiu bo ng khi cm ng nhit trong bu khng kh chung quanh u bo tng ln mc nh sn xut quy nh (57o, 70o, 100o). 2.1.2.2 u bo nhit gia tng L loi u bo b kch hot v pht tn hiu bo ng khi cm ng hin tng bu khng kh chung quanh u bo gia tng nhit t ngt khong 9oC / pht 2.1.3 u bo ga (Gas Detector) - L thit b trc tip gim st, pht hin du hiu c gas khi t l gas tp trung vt qu mc 0.503% (Propane/ Butane) v gi tn hiu bo ng v trung tm x l. - Cc u bo gas thng c b tr trong khong gn ni c gas nh cc phng v gas hay cc kho cha gas. Cc u bo gas c lp trn tng, cch sn nh t 10-16cm, tuyt i khng c php lp t di sn nh. 2.1.4 u bo la (Flame Detector)

- L thit b cm ng cc tia cc tm pht ra t ngn la, nhn tn hiu, ri gi tn hiu bo ng v trung tm x l khi pht hin la. - c s dng ch yu cc ni xt thy c s nguy him cao , nhng ni m nh sng ca ngn la l du hiu tiu biu cho s chy (v d nh kho cha cht lng d chy). - u bo la rt nhy cm i vi cc tia cc tm v c nghin cu t m trnh tnh trng bo gi. u d ch pht tn hiu bo ng v trung tm bo chy khi c 2 xung cm ng tia cc tm sau 2 khong thi gian, mi thi k l 5s. 2.2- Cng tc khn: (Emergency breaker, nt nhn khn) c lp t ti nhng ni d thy ca hnh lang cc cu thang s dng khi cn thit. Thit b ny cho php ngi s dng ch ng truyn thng tin bo chy bng cch nhn hoc ko vo cng tc khn, bo ng khn cp cho mi ngi ang hin din trong khu vc c bit c bin php x l ha hon v di chuyn ra khi khu vc nguy him bng cc li thot him. Gm c cc loi cng tc khn nh sau: 2.2.1 Khn trn, vung 2.2.2 Khn knh v (break glass) 2.2.3 Khn git 3- Thit b u ra: Nhn tn hiu t trung tm bo chy truyn n v c tnh nng pht i cc thng tin bng m thanh (chung, ci), bng tn hiu pht sng (n) gip mi ngi nhn bit ang c hin tng chy xy ra. 3.1 Bng hin th ph Hin th thng tin cc khu vc xy ra s c t trung tm bo chy truyn n, gip nhn bit tnh trng ni xy ra s c x l kp thi. 3.2 Chung bo chy c lp t ti phng bo v, cc phng c nhn vin trc ban, hnh lang, cu thang hoc nhng ni ng ngi qua li nhm thng bo cho nhng ngi xung quanh c th bit c s c ang xy ra c phng n x l, di tn kp thi. Khi xy ra s c ha hon, chung bo ng s pht tn hiu bo ng gip cho nhn vin bo v nhn bit v thng qua thit b theo di s c ha hon (bng hin th ph) s bit khu vc no xy ra ha hon, t thng bo kp thi n cc nhn vin c trch nhim phng chy cha chy khc phc s c hoc c bin php x l thch hp. 3.3 Ci bo chy C tnh nng v v tr lp t ging nh chung bo chy, tuy nhin ci c s dng khi khong cch gia ni pht thng bo n ni cn nhn thng bo bo ng qu xa.

3.4 n C cng dng pht tn hiu bo ng, mi lai n c chc nng khc nhau v c lp t ti cc v tr thch hp pht huy ti a tnh nng ca thit b ny. Gm c cc lai n: 3.4.1 n ch li thot him (Exit Light) c t gn cc cu thang ca mi tng lu, ch li thot him trong trng hp c chy. T ng chiu sng trong trng hp mt ngun AC. 3.4.2 n bo chy (Corridor Lamp) c t bn trn cng tc khn ca mi tng. n bo chy s sng ln mi khi cng tc khn hot ng, ng thi y cng l n bo khn cp cho nhng ngi hin din trong ta nh c bit. iu ny c ngha quan trng, v trong lc bi ri do s c chy, th ngi s dng cn phn bit r rng cng tc khn no cn hiu lc c kch hot my bm cha chy. 3.4.3 n bo phng (Room Lamp) c lp t trc ca mi phng gip nhn bit phng no c s c mt cch d dng v nhanh chng. 3.4.4 n chiu sng trong trng hp khn (Emergency Light): Khi c bo chy, thao tc u tin l phi cp in. By gi n chiu sng ny s t ng bt sng (nh c bnh in d phng battery), n gip cho mi ngi d dng tm ng thot him, hoc gip cho cc nhn vin c trch nhim nhanh chng thi hnh phn s. Hoc trong trng hp mt in t ngt do c s c v in, n Emergency cng t ra hu hiu. 3.5 B quay s in thoi t ng c lp trong trung tm bo chy, khi nhn c thng tin bo chy t trung tm thit b s t ng quay s in thoi c ci t trc thng bo n ngi chu trch nhim chnh. Thng thng quay c t 3 ti hn 10 s. 3.6 Bn phm (Keypad, Bn phm iu khin): L phng tin iu khin mi hot ng ca h thng. Qua bn phm, bn c th iu khin hot ng theo mun mt cch d dng, nh nhp lnh a h thng vo ch gim st, hoc c th ngng ch gim st mt s khu vc trong ton b h thng, hoc c th lp trnh h thng t ng chuyn sang ch gim st vo mt thi gian nht nh trong ngy i vi mt s khu vc no . 3.7 Modul a ch: Modul a ch c s dng trong h thng bo chy a ch, n c kh nng cho bit v tr chnh xc ni xy ra s c chy trong mt khu vc ang bo v. VI. TIU CHUN V CC YU CU THIT K

1.Tiu chun TCVN5738-1993: H thng bo chy t ng yu cu k thut. Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc h thng bo chy c trang b ti cc nh my, x nghip, c s sn xut, c quan cng trnh cng cng v.v.. - H thng bo chy t ng l mt h thng cc thit b c th t ng pht hin v thng bo a im chy chnh xc, m bo h thng hot ng lin tc 24/24 gi. 2.Yu Cu Thit K * Vic thit k, lp t, h thng bo chy phi c s tha thun ca c quan phng chy, cha chy v tha mn cc yu cu, quy nh ca cc tiu chun, quy phm hin hnh c lin quan. * H thng bo chy p ng nhng yu cu nh sau : - Pht hin chy nhanh chng ti khu vc xy ra s c. - Chuyn tn hiu khi pht hin c chy, tn hiu bo ng r rng nhng ngi xung quanh c th thc hin ngay cc gii php thch hp. - C kh nng chng nhiu tt. - Khng b nh hng bi cc h thng khc lp t chung hoc ring l. - Khng b t lit mt phn hay ton b do chy gy ra trc khi pht hin ra chy. - H thng bo chy phi m bo tin cy. H thng ny thc hin y cc chc nng c ra m khng xy ra sai st hoc cc trng hp ng tic khc. - Nhng tc ng bn ngoi gy s c cho mt b phn ca h thng khng gy ra nhng s c tip theo trong h thng. - Kh nng d phng cao. - Kh nng m rng d dng vi chi ph thp