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com

`
Connected
Attached to
verbs showing
the subject
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ARABIC PRONOUNS



The Pronoun
`
Connected
Attached to
nouns,verbs
& particles
'`
Hidden
Object
Pronoun
Page 1


`
Separate
Object
Pronoun
Subject
Pronouns
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In Arabic we have 3 types of pronouns: separate, attached and hidden.

1- The Separate Pronoun

We call them separate as they occur separated, i.e. not connected to a noun, or
a verb or a particle. They are of two forms:

First form: Separate pronouns which are very common and come mostly at
the beginning of a sentence '`

(1
st
person)
The person who speaks

I m/f. s

We m/f. d/p
' `
(2nd person)
The person you speak to

You m. s

You f. s

You m/f. d

You m. p
'
You f. p
`
(3rd person)
The person you speak about

He/ it m. s
`
She/ it f. s

They m/f. d
`
They m. p
` '
They f. p
` `
Masculine (m.) `
Feminine (f.) `
Singular (s.) `
Dual (d.) `
Plural (p.) '
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Second form: They come only as the object of a verb, if we want to
emphasize that object, by putting it before the verb.


(1
st
person)
The person who speaks

I m/f. s
`
We m/f. d/p
`
(2nd person)
The person you speak to

You m. s
`
You f. s
`
You m/f. d
`
You m. p
` '
You f. p
` `
(3rd person)
The person you speak about

He/ it m. s
` `
She/ it f. s
`
They m/f. d
` `
They m. p
'` `
They f. p
` ` `

x8$) 7t x8$)u tGn Ex.
You (Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help (for each and
everything)
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2- The Attached Pronoun
They are also called Pronouns Suffixes as they come at the end of the word.
The Attached Pronoun in Arabic is of two forms:

First form: Attached to nouns, verbs and particles
`
'
` ` `
` '
`

` `
`
` `
`

Object
attached
to
the verb
Attached
to `
Attached to
prepositions
Attached
to nouns

Attached
Pronoun
Separate
Pronoun



(1
st
person)

' [ ...

I m/f. s
' [ ` ... ` '
We m/f. d/p



(2
nd
person)

' ` ...
You m. s
' ` ...
You f. s
' ` ...
You m/f. d
' ' ' ' ` ' ... '
You m. p
' ` ` ` ` ` ... `
You f. p


(3
rd
person)

' ` ` ` ` ` ... `
He/ it m. s
' ` ...
She/ it f. s
' ` ` ` ` ` ... `
They m/f. d
' '` '` '` ` '` ... '`
They m. p
' ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ... ` `
They f. p
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The pronouns of this form can come in different positions, for example:

1- Attached to nouns to show the possessor.
Ex. The book of mine or my book.

2- Attached to prepositions ` ` `
Ex. ` From him.
3- Attached to the particle ` (Indeed)
Ex. Indeed you (m. s)

4- Attached to verbs to show the object ` .
Ex. ' ` I ask him.













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Second form: Attached to verbs to show the subject
The subject here means: The one who does the verb .

A- Pronouns attached to the present tense verb






















*The hidden pronoun will be explained later '
` ` `
Separate Pronoun
` ` '
Present verb

` ` `
Name of the
attached pronoun

'` ) (
Hidden pronoun*
` '
'` ) ` ' (
'` ) (
` `
'
' `
` ' `
` '` ) ` (

'` ) (
` ) ` (
'
` ) ` (
'
'`
`
` ` ' `
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Important comments about the present tense verb:

1- The present tense verb has to start with one of the four following letters:
They are called ` ` ` (letters for the present)
a. The prefix represents (I).
b. The prefix represents (We).
c. The prefix represents the 2
nd
person
d. The prefix represents the 3
rd
person.
( With the exception of the 3
rd
person f. s. and the 3
rd
person f. d.
` they take the prefix )

Important note:
These prefixes are not pronouns; they are only signs for the present tense verb.
The pronouns come only at the end of the word.

2- The present tense verb can come without a pronoun suffix, in that case
the first letter of the verb will be a sign that shows the subject (The one who did
the verb)
Ex. means we say notice that no pronoun suffix attached to that verb for
(we). In such cases we say that the pronoun is hidden.

Important note:
The present verb for (she) and (you m. s.) are similar

3- The present tense verb can come with a pronoun suffix:
a. The pronoun suffix called ` ` (Yaa' of the spoken to f. s.):
comes only with you f. s. Ex.
b. The pronoun suffix called ' (Alif of two): comes with the dual of the
2
nd
and 3
rd
person
Ex. ` ` -
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Important note:
The present verb for (they f. d.) and (you m. d.) is similar
Ex. `

c. The pronoun suffix called ` (Waaw of group): comes with
masculine plural of the 2
nd
and 3
rd
person
Ex. ' - '`
d. The pronoun suffix called ' ` (Noon of women): comes with
feminine plural 2
nd
and 3
rd
person
Ex. ` - ` `

Important note:
The letter that sometimes comes at the end of the present as in
' - '` is not a pronoun, it is related to the conjugation of the
verbs that we will study in coming lessons ' .


















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B- Pronouns attached to the past tense verb































` ` `
Separate Pronoun
'
Past verb
` ` `
Name of the
attached pronoun

`
` '


`

`

`
' '
`
` `
`
` '` ) ` (
'` ) (
` ) ` (
'
` ) ` (
'
'`
`
` `
' `
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Important comments about the past tense verb:

1- There is no prefix attached to the past tense verb.

2- The past tense verb comes without a pronoun suffix only in two cases:
a. The 3
rd
person (m. s.) `
b. The 3
rd
person (f. s.) ends with ` (it is a with Sukoon at
the end of the past tense verb and it is a sign of femininity not a pronoun).
Also ` appears at the end of 3
rd
person (d. f.) ` before the
pronoun ' but we had to put Fat-hah on if due to Alif Maddiyyah
following it.

3- The past tense verb can come with a pronoun suffix:
a. The pronoun suffix ` comes with the singular of the 1
st
person and
with all the subjects of the 2
nd
person.

- - ' `

* Notice that the ending of the verbs in 2
nd
person is the same as the ending of
the separate pronoun of that group. You can say them together as a rhyme.










b. The pronoun suffix (Naa of the doers) comes with the dual and
the plural of the 1
st
person



' '
` `
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c. The pronoun suffix ' (Alif of two) comes with the dual of the
3
rd
person
d. The pronoun suffix ` (Waaw of group) comes with masculine
plural of 3
rd
person
(The Alif that comes after that Waaw is not pronounced)
e. The pronoun suffix ' ` (Noon of women): comes with feminine
plural of the 3
rd
person


C - Pronouns attached to the Command Verb












Important comments about the command verb
1- The Command Verb is used for command ' , request and
supplication ` .
2- It is used for the 2
nd
person only
3- It uses the same pronouns used with the 2
nd
persons of present.
` ` `
Separate Pronoun
' '
Command verb



'
`
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The verbs in the different tenses

` ` `
Separate Pronoun
` ` '
Present Tense
'
Past tense
' '
Command verb

` '



' '
` `
`

` ) ` (
` ) ` (
'`
` `

` '
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3- The Hidden Pronoun

The Hidden Pronoun can come in different positions in the sentence; for
example; it comes after some verbs to show the subject, as mentioned in page
6 & in page 9 before.
Ex. (I do) the subject is contained in the verb, and it is understood that the
one who did the verb is I or me.

Conjugation of the Arabic pronouns:
We already know that nouns might change of form after the change of the
position of that word in the sentences e. g.
But the Arabic pronouns do not change of form in any situation, they are built on
one form ` ' . You will never see a word like ` ' except like that with Dammah
at the end. Never ' '

If the pronoun is ` ' as mentioned above, why does the attached pronoun
comes sometimes with Kasrah and others with Dammah?

This is not due to the change of position of the word in the sentence, but to
letter that precedes it.
If it is preceded with ' or long vowel it will have ' .
Ex. - '
Otherwise, it will have `
Ex. - ` ' ` ` - ` `