http://myway.com.vn/KnowledgeDetail.aspx?NewsID=28 http://ruouvang.net.vn/tu-van/Lich-su-hinh-thanh-ruou-whisky.

aspx LCH S HNH THNH RU WHISKY Ngh thut chng ct c t thi Babylonians ti vng lng h Mesopotamia, ngy nay l Iraq, vo khong 2000 nm trc Cng Nguyn vi cc loi nc thm c chng ct trc khi nc ru c sn xut theo phng php ny. Phng php chng ct c em t Phi Chu sang u Chu t nhng ngi Ma Rc, v cch s dng ny c p dng rng ri trong ci tu vin, thng cho cc mc ch y khoa, nh cch cha tr cc bnh au bng, t lit, v u ma. Vo th k th 5 cc nh tu Ki-t gio, m trc tin l thnh Saint Patrick ca Ireland, bt u truyn gio trong x s ca ngi Celt v mang cc dng c k thut cng nh hiu bit v cch ch to dc phm v nc hoa n Ireland v Scotland. Theo truyn thuyt th h l nhng ngi u tin chng ct mt cht lng trong sut: aqua vitae hay uisge beatha. S hiu bit ny lan truyn trong cc th k sau nh vo cc tu vin c thnh lp m vo thi gian m thng l trung tm ca cc lng mc v c m qun ru ring. Vo gia khong nm 1100 v 1300, phng php chng ct bnh trng t i Nh Lan sang T Cch Lan, vi cc l chng ct ca cc tu vin ra i ti i Nh Lan vo th k th 12. V o quc ny c t nho trng lm ru, do nc bia ca la mch c s dng thay th, v cng chnh l s ra i ca ru Whiskey.

Nm 1494 aquavite ln u tin c nhc n trong cc vn kin thu Scotland (Exchequer Rolls) khi nh tu dng Saint Benedict, John Cor, ca tu vin Lindores (thuc vng t phong b tc Fife) mua 8 boll mch nha ti th ca Scotland lc by gi l Dunfermline. Boll l mt n v o lng dng ong ng cc c ca Scotland, tng ng vi 210,1 lt hay 62 kg). Lng 8 boll tng ng vi khong 500 kg, sn xut vo khong 400 chai ru Whisky.

Sau cuc di dn n chu M, Whisky cng c th sn xut t ng cc. V cy la mch (Hordeum) kh trng y nn nhng ngi nng dn Bc M bt u cho ln men cc loi ng cc tng trng tt y l la mch en (Secale) v la m (Triticum). Cc l nu ru lu i nht xut hin Maryland, Pennsylvania v Virginia. V khng kim c than bn nn khng ng dng c cng thc sn xut Whisky c truyn v v th m ru nu ra khng c ngon. Thng qua vic t thnh than vch cc thng ng ru ngi ta c gng mang li hng khi quen thuc vo phn ct. Mi cho n cui th k 18 mi c nhng l chuyn nu ru Whisky. THU, U TRANH V HP THC HA Bt u t 1643 ti Ireland, v t 1644 ti Scotland, Whisky b nh thu chnh thc. Nhng v khng c ai thi hnh nn Whisky b cm, u tin Ireland vo nm 1661 v sau y cng Scotland vo nm 1707, ngoi tr trng hp c giy php ca chnh ph. Trong nhng nm sau c nhng cuc ng m mu v thu gia nhng ngi thu thu v ngi bun lu. Whisky cng b nh thu M: nm 1794 George Washington, ngi cng c mt l nu ru, ra sc lnh thu thu Whiskey v nhu cu ti chnh cao ca quc gia tr sau khi chm dt cuc chin tranh ginh c lp. Th nhng nhng ngi di dn khng chp nhn loi thu ny v Pennsylvania c Cuc ni lon Whiskey, ch c dp tt bi mt o qun 13.000 ngi di quyn ch huy ca Henry Lee. Nhng ngi nu ru Whiskey sau y tip tc i v min Ty n cc bang Kentucky v Tennessee, cho n ngy nay phn ln sn lng u xut x t nhng bang ny. Nm 1822 o lut v chng ct tri php (Illicit Destillation Act) ca Scotland ra i, n gin ha cc iu lut v thu nhng li thm quyn li cho i in ch. Li c nhng cuc bo ng. Nm 1823 mt o lut mi, Act of Excise, c thng qua, cho php nu ru Whisky vi l ph l 10 Pound Sterling cng vi mt khon tin khng i cho mi gallon Whisky. George Smith l ngi u tin xy dng l nu ru Glenlivet ca ng theo lut l mi. Nh vo o lut mi m cui cng l vic sn xut Whisky cng khai bt u mang li li nhun, trong vng 10 nm hng ngn l nu lu bin mt Scotland v Ireland.

CNG NGHIP HA Nm 1826 Robert Stein ng k bn quyn pht minh mt phng php chng ct lin tc mi cng c th nu t ht ng cc khng cn phi gy mch. Nm 1832 phng php ny c ci tin bi ngi Ireland l Aeneas Coffey. Vi cch thc ca Coffey (Coffey still) ngi ta c th sn xut mt sn phm tinh khit hn. Th nhng ngi Ireland khng thch loi Whiskey c sn xut theo kiu mi ny v v th Coffey b i n Scotland. Nm 1856 mt ngi Scot l Andrew Usher, Jr. sn xut loi Blended Whiksy u tin. Cha ca ng cho mi "Old Vatted Glenlivet" t nm 1844. Loi Blended u tin vi tn "Ushers Green Stripe" vn cn tn ti cho n ngy nay trn th trng. Cc thng gia khc pha trn Whisky t mch nha v la m, loi m c th c sn xut nh vo phng php ca Coffey, thnh "Blended Scotch". Loi Whisky mi ny c tiu th nhiu ti Anh v sau l trn ton th gii, mt phn cng l nh vo tai ha su ca cy nho t 1858 cho n 1863, ph hy gn nh ton b cy nho Php, v v th m ru vang, Cognac v Brandy tr thnh khan him v rt t. V o lut cm bn ru (1920-1933) m phn ln cc l nu ru nh M phi ng ca. Ti Scotland lut ny cng dn n vic nhiu l nu ru phi ng ca. Sau khi vic cm ru chm dt, nhng tp on ln kim sot vic sn xut cng khai mi. Ngay trong cc nc xut x cng c s tp trung ngy cng mnh ca cc l nu ru v v chai vo cc tp on ln hot ng trn ton th gii. Ch cn ring l mt vi hng nh l cn vn hnh l nu ru ring.