Accounts - Company 2

Issue and Redemption of Debentures
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter you will be able to : state the meaning of debenture capital and explain the difference between debentures and shares; describe various types of debentures; record the journal entries for the issue of debentures at par, at a discount and at premium; explain the concept of debentures issued for consideration other than cash and the accounting thereof; explain the concept of issue of debentures as a collateral security and the accounting thereof; record the journal entries for issue of debentures with various terms of issue terms of redemption; show the items relating to issue of debentures in companys balance sheet; describe the methods of writing-off discount/loss on issue of debentures; explain the methods of redemption of debentures and the accounting thereof; and explain the concept of sinking fund, its use for redemption of debentures and the accounting thereof;
company raises its capital by means of issue of shares. But the funds raised by the issue of shares are seldom adequate to meet their long-term financial needs of a company. Hence, most companies turn to raising long-term funds also through debentures which are issued either through the route of private placement or by offering the same to the public. The finances raised through debentures are also known as long-term debt. This chapter deals with the accounting treatment of issue and redemption of debentures and other related aspects.
SECTION I
2.1 Meaning of Debentures
Debenture: The word debenture has been derived from a Latin word debere which means to borrow. Debenture is a written instrument acknowledging a debt under the common seal of the company. It contains a contract for repayment of principal after a specified period or at intervals or at the option of the company and for payment of interest at a fixed rate payable usually either half-yearly or yearly on fixed dates. According, to section 2(12) of The Companies Act,1956 Debenture includes Debenture Stock, Bonds and any other securities of a company whether constituting a charge on the assets of the company or not.
E. Thomas : A debenture is a document under companys seal which provides for the repayment
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Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements
of a principal sum and interest thereon at regular intervals which is usually secured by a fixed or floating charge on the companys property and which acknowledges loan of a company. Topham: Debenture is a document given by a company as evidence of debt to the holder usually arising out of a loan and most commonly secured by a charge. Chitty J.: Debenture means a document which either creates a debt or acknowledges it and any document which fulfills either of these conditions.
Bond: Bond is also an instrument of acknowledgement of debt. Traditionally, the Government issued bonds, but these days bonds are also being issued by semi-government and non-governmental organisations. The terms debentures and Bonds are now being used inter-changeably.
2.2 Distinction between Shares and Debentures
Ownership: A shareholder is an owner of the company whereas a debenture holder is only a loan creditor. A share is a part of the owned capital whereas a debenture is a part of borrowed capital. Return: The return on shares is known as dividend while the return on debentures is called interest. The rate of return on shares may vary from year to year depending upon the profits of the company but the rate of interest on debentures is pre-fixed. The payment of dividend is an appropriation out profits, whereas the payment of interest is a charge on profits and is to be paid even if there is no profit. Repayment: Normally, the amount of shares is not returned during the life of the company, while the debentures are issued for a specified period and the amount of debentures is returned after that period. However, an amendment in 1998 to The Companies Act, 1956 has permitted the companies to buy back its own shares from the market, particularly, when the price of its share in the market is lower than the book value. Voting Rights: Shareholders enjoy voting rights whereas debentureholders do not normally enjoy any voting right. Issue on Discount: Both shares and debentures can be issued at a discount. However, shares can be issued at discount in accordance with the provisions of Section 79 of The Companies Act, 1956 which stipulates that the rate of discount must not exceed 10% of the face value. Security : Shares are not secured by any charge whereas the debentures are generally secured and carry a fixed or floating charge over the assets of the company. Convertibility: Shares cannot be converted into debentures whereas debentures
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can be converted into shares if the terms of issue so provide, and in that case these are known as convertible debentures. 2.3 Types of Debentures
A company may issue different kinds of debentures which can be classified as under:
2.3.1 From the Point of view of Security () a Secured Debentures: Secured debentures refer to those debentures where a charge is created on the assets of the company for the purpose of payment in case of default. The charge may be fixed or floating. A fixed charge is created on a specific asset whereas a floating charge is on the general assets of the company. The fixed charge is created against those assets which are held by a company for use in operations not meant for sale whereas floating charge involves all assets excluding those assigned to the secured creditors. Unsecured Debentures: Unsecured debentures do not have a specific a charge on the assets of the company. However, a floating charge may be created on these debentures by default. Normally, these kinds of debentures are not issued.
() b
2.3.2 From the Point of view of Tenure () a Redeemable Debentures: Redeemable debentures are those which are payable on the expiry of the specific period either in lump sum or in Instalments during the life time of the company. Debentures can be redeemed either at par or at premium. Irredeemable Debentures: Irredeemable debentures are also known as Perpetual Debentures because the company does not given any undertaking for the repayment of money borrowed by issuing such debentures. These debentures are repayable on the on winding-up of a company or on the expiry of a long period.
() b
2.3.3 From the Point of view of Convertibility () a Convertible Debentures: Debentures which are convertible into equity shares or in any other security either at the option of the company or the debentureholders are called convertible debentures. These debentures are either fully convertible or partly convertible. Non-Convertible Debentures : The debentures which cannot be converted into shares or in any other securities are called nonconvertible debentures. Most debentures issued by companies fell in this category.
() b
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2.3.4 From Coupon Rate Point of view Specific Coupon Rate Debentures: These debentures are issued with a specified rate of interest, which is called the coupon rate. The specified rate may either be fixed or floating. The floating interest rate is usually tagged with the bank rate. Zero Coupon Rate Debentures: These debentures do not carry a specific rate of interest. In order to compensate the investors, such debentures are issued at substantial discount and the difference between the nominal value and the issue price is treated as the amount of interest related to the duration of the debentures. 2.3.5 From the view Point of Registration () a Registered Debentures: Registered debentures are those debentures in respect of which all details including names, addresses and particulars of holding of the debentureholders are entered in a register kept by the company. Such debentures can be transferred only by executing a regular transfer deed. Bearer Debentures: Bearer debentures are the debentures which can be transferred by way of delivery and the company does not keep any record of the debentureholders. Interest on debentures is paid to a person who produces the interest coupon attached to such debentures.
Types of Debenture/Bond
() b
Security
Tenure
Mode of Redemption
Coupon rate
Registration
Secured/ Unsecured/ Redeemable Perpetual/ Mortgage Naked debenture Irredeemable debenture debenture debenture
Convertible debenture
NonConvertible debenture
Zero Specific coupon rate rate
Redeemable debenture
Bearer debenture
Fully convertible debenture
Partly convertible debenture
2.4
Issue of Debentures
The procedure for the issue of debentures is the same as that for the issue of shares. The intending investors apply for debentures on the basis of the prospectus issued by the company. The company may either ask for the entire amount to be paid on application or by means of instalments on application, on allotment and on various calls. Debentures can be issued at par, at a premium
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or at a discount. They can also be issued for consideration other than cash or as a Collateral Security.
2.4.1 Issue of Debentures for Cash

Debentures are said to be issued at par when their issue price is equal to the face value. The journal entries recorded for such issue are as under.
() a
() b
If whole amount is received in one instalment: ( i ) On receipt of the money on application Bank A/c Dr. To Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (i i) On making the allotment Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Dr. To Debentures A/c If debenture amount is received in two instalments: ( i ) On receipt of application money Bank A/c Dr. To Debenture Application A/c (i i) For adjustment of applications money on allotment Debenture Application A/c Dr. To Debentures A/c (i) For a allotment money due ii Debenture Allotment A/c Dr. To Debentures A/c (v i) On receipt of allotment money Bank A/c Dr. To Debenture Allotment A/c If debenture money is received in more than two instalments Additional entries:
On making the first call Debenture First Call A/c Dr. To Debentures A/c (i i) On the receipt of the first call Bank A/c Dr. To Debenture First Call A/c Similar entries may be made for the second call and final call. However, normally the whole amount is collected on application or in two instalments, i.e. on application and allotment. More than two instalments involving calls is a rarity. ( i )
() c
Notes:
Illustration 1
ABC Ltd. issues Rs.10,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each payable Rs.30 on application and remaining amount on allotment. The public applied for 9,000 debentures which were fully allotted, and all the relevant allotment money duly received. Give journal entries in the books of ABC Ltd., and show the portion of the balance sheet.
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Solution
Books of ABC Limited Journal
Date Particulars LF .. Debit Amount (s) R.
2,70,000 2,70,000 2,70,000 2,70,000
Credit Amount (s) R.
Bank A/c Dr. To 12% Debenture Application A/c (Application money on 9,000 debentures received) 12% Debenture Application A/c Dr. To 12% Debentures A/c (Application money transferred to debentures Account on allotment) 12% Debenture Allotment A/c Dr. To 12% Debentures A/c (Amount due on 9,000 debentures on allotment @ Rs.70 per debenture) Bank A/c To 12% Debenture Allotment A/c (Amount received on allotment) Dr.
6,30,000 6,30,000
6,30,000 6,30,000
Balance Sheet of ABC Limited as on

Laiiis iblte
12% Debentures
*Relevant data only.
Amount (s) R.
10,00,000
Assets
Cash at bank
Amount (s) R.
10,00,000
2.4.2 Issue of Debentures at a Discount

When a debenture is issued at a price below its nominal value, it is said to be issued at a discount. For example, the issue of Rs.100 debentures at Rs.95, Rs.5 being the amount of discount. Discount on issue of debentures is a capital loss and is shown on the asset side of the balance sheet under the head Miscellaneous Expenditure till it is written-off. The discount on issue of debentures can be written-off either by debiting it to profit and loss account or out of the capital profits, if any, during the life time of debentures.
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The Companies Act, 1956 does not impose any restrictions upon the issue of debentures at a discount. However, convertible debentures cannot be issued at a discount, if they are to be converted immediately.
Illustration 2
TV Components Ltd. issued 10,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each at a discount of 5% payable as follows: On application Rs.40 On allotment Rs.55 Show the journal entries including these for cash, assuming that all the instalments were duly collected. Also show the relevant portion of the balance sheet.
Solution
Books of TV Components Ltd. Journal
4,00,000 4,00,000
Bank A/c To 12% Debenture Application A/c (Receipt of application money @ Rs. 30 per debenture) 12% Debenture Application A/c To 12% Debenture A/c (Transfer of application money to debenture account) 12% Debenture Allotment A/c Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c To 12% Debenture A/c (Allotment money due on debentures) Bank A/c To 12% Debenture Allotment A/c (Receipt of allotment money on debentures)
Dr.
Dr.
4,00,000 4,00,000
Dr.
5,50,000 50,000 6,00,000
Dr.
5,50,000 5,50,000
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Balance Sheet of TV Component Ltd. as on

Laiiis iblte Secured Loans: 12% Debentures Amount Assets (s) R.
Cash at bank 10,00,000 Miscellaneous Expenditure: Discount on issue of debentures
Amount (s) R.
9,50,000 50,000
* Relevant data only.
2.4.3 Debentures issued at Premium

A debenture is said to be issued at a premium when the price charged is more than its nominal value. For example, the issue of Rs.100 debentures for Rs.110, (Rs.10 is being the premium). The amount of premium is credited to Securities Premium account and is shown on the liabilities side of the balance sheet under the head Reserves and Surpluses.
Illustration 3
XYZ Industries Ltd. issued 2,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each, at a premium of Rs.10 per debenture payable as follows: On application Rs.50 On allotment Rs.60 The debentures were fully subscribed and all money was duly received. Record the journal entries in the books of company. Show how the amounts will appear in the balance sheet.
Solution
Books of XYZ Industries Limited Journal
1,00,000 1,00,000
Bank A/c To 10% Debenture Application A/c
Dr.
(application money on 10% debentures received) 10% Debenture Application A/c To 10% Debentures A/c (Transfer of application money on allotment) Dr. 1,00,000 1,00,000

10% Debenture Allotment A/c To 10% Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Allotment money due on debentures including the premium) Bank A/c To 10% Debenture Allotment A/c (Allotment money received) Dr. 1,20,000 Dr. 1,20,000
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1,00,000 20,000
1,20,000
Balance Sheet of XYZ Industries Ltd. as on

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Reserves and Surplus: Securities premium Secured loans : 10% Debentures 2,00,000 2,20,000
Amount Assets (s) R.

Cash at bank 20,000
Amount (s) R.
2,20,000
2,20,000
Illustration 4
A Ltd. issued 5,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each, at a premium of Rs.10 per debenture payable as follows: On application On allotment On first and final call Rs.25 Rs.45 (including premium) Rs.40
The debentures were fully subscribed and all money was duly received. Record the necessary entries in the books of the company. Show how the amounts will appear in balance sheet.
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Solution
Books of A Limited Journal
Date Particulars LF .. Debit Amount (s) R. 1,25,000 Credit Amount (s) R.
1,25,000
Bank A/c
Dr.
To 10% Debenture Application A/c (Application money on 10% debentures received) 10% Debenture Application A/c Dr. To 10% Debentures A/c (Transfer of application money on allotment) 10% Debenture Allotment A/c Dr. To 10% Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Allotment money of due on debentures including the premium) Bank A/c To 10% Debenture Allotment A/c (Allotment money received) 10% Debenture First & Final Call A/c To 10% Debentures A/c (First and final call money due on debentures) Bank A/c To 10% Debenture A/c (First and final call money received) Dr. 1,25,000
1,25,000
2,25,000 1,75,000 50,000
2,25,000 2,25,000
Dr.
2,00,000 2,00,000
Dr.
2,00,000 2,00,000
Balance Sheet of A Limited as on

Laiiis iblte
Reserves and Surplus: Securities premium Secured Loans : 10% Debentures

Cash at bank 50,000 5,00,000 5,50,000
Amount (s) R.
5,50,000
5,50,000
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2.5
Over Subscription
When the number of debentures applied for is more than the number of debentures offered to the public, the issue is said to be over subscribed. A company, however, cannot allot more debentures than it has invited for subscription. The excess money received on over subscription may, however, be retained for adjustment towards allotment and the respective calls to be made. But the money received from applicants to whom no debentures have been allotted, will be refunded to them.
Illustration 5
X Ltd. Issued Rs.10,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each payable Rs.40 on application and Rs.60 on allotment. The public applied for Rs.14,000 debentures. Applications of 9,000 debentures were accepted in full; applications for 2,000 debentures were allotted 1,000 debentures and the remaining application, were rejected. All money was duly received. Journalise the transactions.
Solution
Books of X Limited Journal
5,60,000 5,60,000
Bank A/c To 12% Debenture Application A/c (Receipt of application money on 14,000 debentures) 12% Debenture Application A/c To 12% Debentures A/c (Transfer of application money on 10,000 debentures on allotment) 12% Debenture Application A/c To Bank A/c (Application money on rejected applications refunded) 12% Debenture Allotment A/c To 12% Debentures A/c
Dr.
Dr.
4,00,000 4,00,000
Dr.
1,20,000 1,20,000
Dr.
6,00,000 6,00,000
(Amount due on allotment on 10,000 debentures)
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Bank A/c

Dr. Dr. 5,60,000 40,000 6,00,000
Debenture Application A/c To Debenture Allotment A/c
(Surplus application money on 1,000 debentures transferred to debenture allotment account and the balance due was received)
2.6
Issue of Debentures for Consideration other than Cash
Sometimes a company purchases assets from vendors and instead of making payment in cash issues debentures for consideration thereof. Such issue of debentures is called debantures issued for consideration other than cash. In that case also, the debentures may be issued at par, at a premium or at a discount then entries made in such a situation are similar to those of the shares issued for consideration other than cash, which are as follows :
1. On purchase of assets
Sundry Assets A/c To Vendors Dr.
2. On issue of debentures (a) At Par

Vendors To Debentures A/c Dr.
() At premium b
Vendors To Debentures A/c To Securities Premium Dr. A/c Dr. Dr.
(c) At a discount
Vendors Discount on Issue of Debenture A/c To Debentures A/c
Illustration 6
Aashirward Company Ltd.purchased assets of the book value of Rs. 2,00,000 from another company and agreed to make the payment of purchase consideration by issuing 2,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each. Record the necessary journal entries.
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Solution
Books of Aashirwad Company Limited Journal
2,00,000 2,00,000
Sundry Assets A/c To Vendors (Assets purchased from vendors) Vendors To 10% Debentures A/c (Allotment of debentures to vendors as purchase consideration)
Dr.
Dr.
2,00,000 2,00,000
Illustration 7
Rai Company purchased assets of the book value of Rs. 2,20,000 from another company and agreed to make the payment of purchase consideration by issuing 2,000, 10% debentures of Rs. 100 each at a premium of 10%. Record necessary journal entries.
Solution
Books of Rai Company Limited Journal
2,20,000 2,20,000
Sundry Assets A/c To Vendors (Assets purchased from vendors)
Dr.
Vendors Dr. To 10% Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Allotment of 2,000 debentures of Rs. 100 each at a premium of 10% as purchase consideration)
2,20,000 2,00,000 20,000
Illustration 8
National Packaging company purchased assets of the value of Rs. 1,90,000 from another company and agreed to make the payment of purchase consideration by issuing 2,000, 10% debentures of Rs. 100 each at a discount of 5%. Record necessary journal entries.
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Solution
Books of National Packaging Limited Journal
1,90,000 1,90,000
Sundry Assets A/c To Vendors (Assets purchased from vendors)
Dr.
Vendors Dr. Discount on Issue of Debenture A/c Dr. To 10% Debentures A/c (Allotment of debentures - 2,000 debentures of Rs. 100 each at a discount of 5% as purchase consideration)
1,90,000 10,000 2,00,000
Illustration 9
G.S.Rai company purchased assets of the book value of Rs. 99,000 from another firm. It was agreed that purchase consideration be paid by issuing 11% debentures of Rs. 100 each. Assume debentures have been issued. 1 At par . 2 At discount of 10%, and . 3 At a premium of 10%. . Record necessary journal entries.
Solution
Books of G.S.Rai Company Limited Journal
99,000 99,000
Sundry Assets A/c To Vendors (Assets purchased from vendors) In Ist Case Vendors To 10% Debentures A/c (Allotment of debentures to vendors as purchase consideration)
Dr.
Dr.
99,000 99,000

In IInd Vendors Dr. Case Discount on Issue of Debenture A/c Dr. To 10% Debentures A/c (1,100 debenture of Rs. 100 issued at discount of 10% to vendor) In IIIrd Vendors Dr. Case To 11% Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (900 debentures of Rs. 100 issued at a premium of 10% to the vendors) 99,000 11,000
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1,10,000
99,000 90,000 9,000
Sometimes a company may purchase the assets as well as take over its liabilities of another concern. It happens usually is case of purchase of the whole business of the other concern. In such a situation, the purchase consideration will be equal to the value of net assets and assets - liabilities) taken over, and if the whole amount of the consideration is paid by issue of debentures, the journal entry will be:
Sundry Assets A/c To Sundry Liabilities A/c To Vendors (Purchase of the Vendors business) Dr.
Illustration 10
Romi Ltd. acquired assets of Rs. 20 lakh and took over creditors of Rs. 2 lakh from Kapil Enterprises. Romi Ltd. issued 8% debentures of Rs. 100 each at par as purchase consideration. Record necessary journal entries in the books of Romi Ltd.
Solution
Books of Romi Ltd. Journal
20,00,000 18,00,000 2,00,000
Sundry Assets A/c To Kapil Enterprises To Sundry Creditors A/c (The purchase of business)
Dr.
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Vendors

Dr. 18,00,000 18,00,000
To 8% Debentures A/c (The issue of 18,000, 8% debentures of Rs. 100 each)
In case of the whole business being taken over if the amount of debentures issued is more than the amount of the net assets taken over, Its difference (excess) will be treated as value of goodwill and the same shall also be debited while passing the journal entry for the purchase of venders business (see Illustration 10). But if it is the other way round i.e., the value of debentures is less than the value of the net assets taken over the difference will be credited to capital Reserve accounts (See Illustration 12).
Illustration 11
Blue Prints Ltd. Purchased building worth Rs.1,50,000, machinery worth Rs.1,40,000 and furniture worth Rs.10,000 from XYZ Co. and took over its liabilities of Rs.20,000 for a purchase consideration of Rs.3,15,000. Blue Prints Ltd. paid the purchase consideration by issuing 12% debentures of Rs.100 each at a premium of 5%. Record necessary journal entries.
Solution
Books of Blue Prints Limited Journal
1,50,000 1,40,000 10,000 35,000 20,000 3,15,000
Building A/c Dr. Plant & Machinery A/c Dr. Furniture A/c Dr. Goodwill A/c 1 Dr. To Liabilities (Sundry) To XYZ Co. (Purchase of assets and taking over of liabilities of XYZ Co.) XYZ Co. Dr. To 12% Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Issue of 3,000 debentures at a premium of 5%)
3,15,000 3,00,000 15,000

*Note:
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1 Since the purchase consideration is more than net assets taken over, the . difference has been debited to Goodwill account. 2 No. of debentures issued . No. of debentures = = Purchase Consideration Issue Price of a Debenture Rs. 3,15,000 = 3,000 105
Illustration 12
A Ltd. took over the assets of Rs.3,00,000 and liabilities of Rs.10,000 from B & Co. Ltd. for an agreed purchase consideration of Rs.2,70,000 to be satisfied by issue of 15% debentures of Rs.100 at 20% premium. Show the journal entries in the journal of A Ltd.
Solution
Books of A Limited Journal
3,00,000 10,000 2,70,000 20,000
Sundry Assets A/c Dr. To Sundry Liabilities A/c To B & Co. Ltd. To Capital Reserve (Purchase of assets and liabilities from B Ltd.) B & Co. Ltd. Dr. To 15% Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Issue of 2250 debentures of Rs.100 each at a premium of 20%)
2,70,000 2,25,000 45,000
Do it Yourself 1 . Amrit Company Limited purchased assets of the book value of Rs.2,20,000 from another company and agreed to make the payment of purchase consideration by issuing 2,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each at a premium of 10%. Record necessary journal entries. A company purchased assets of the value of Rs.1,90,000 from another company and agreed to make the payment of purchase consideration by issuing 2,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each at a discount of 5%. Record necessary journal entries.
2 .
90
3 .

Rose Bond Limited purchased a business for Rs. 22,00,000. Purchase Price was paid by 6% debentures. Debentures of Rs. 20,00,000 were issued at a premium of 10% for the purpose. Record necessary journal entries. Nikhil and Ashwin Limited bought business of Agarwal Limited consisting sundry assts of Rs. 3,60,000, sundry creditors Rs. 1,00,000 for a consideration of Rs. 3,07,200. It issued 14% debentures of Rs. 100 each fully paid at a discount of 4% in satisfaction of purchase consideration. Record necessary journal entries.
4 .
Illustration 13
Suvidha Ltd. purchased machinery worth Rs.1,98,000 from Suppliers Ltd. The payment was made by issue of 12% debentures of Rs.100 each. Pass the necessary journal entries for the purchase of machinery and issue of debentures when: ( Debentures are issued at par; i ) () Debentures are issued at 10% discount; and i i (i) Debentures are issued at 10% premium ii
Solution
Books of Suvidha Ltd. Journal
1,98,000 1,98,000
Machinery A/c To Suppliers Ltd. (Machinery purchased) Case(i) When debentures are issued at par: Suppliers Ltd. To 12% Debentures A/c (12% Debentures issued to Suppliers Ltd.) Case(ii) When debentures are issued at 10% discount: Suppliers Ltd. Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c To 12% Debentures A/c (12% Debentures issued to Suppliers Ltd. at 10% discount)
Dr.
Dr.
1,98,000 1,98,000
Dr. Dr.
1,98,000 22,000 2,20,000

Case(iii) When debentures are issued at 10% premium: Suppliers Ltd. To 12% Debentures A/c To Premium on Issue of Debentures A/c (12% Debentures issued to Suppliers Ltd. at 10% premium) Dr. 1,98,000
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1,80,000 18,000
Workings:
() a Number of debentures issued in case of 10% discount: (s) R. Face value 100 Less: Discount 10% 10 Value at which issued 90
Rs . 1 ,9 8 ,0 0 0 = 2 ,2 0 0 Deb en tu r es 90 Number of debentures issued in case of 10% premium: (s) R. Face value 100 Add: Premium 10% 10 110 Value at which issued Rs .1 ,9 8 ,0 0 0 110
() b
1,800 Debentures
2.7
Issue of Debentures as a Collateral Security
A collateral security may be defined as a subsidiary or secondary or additional security besides the primary security when a company obtains a loan or overdraft from a bank or any other financial Institution. It may pledge or mortgage some assets as a secured loan against the said loan. But the lending institutions may insist on some more assets as collateral security so that the amount of loan can be realised in full with the help of collateral security in case the amount from the sale of principal security should fall short of the loan money. In such a situation, the company may issue its own debentures to the lenders in addition to some other assets already pledged. Such an issue of debenture is known as Debentures issued as Collateral Security. If the company fails to repay the loan along with interest, the sender is free to receive his money from the sale of primary security and if the realisable value of the primary security falls short to cover the entire amount, the lender has the right to invoke the benefit of collateral security whereby debentures may either be presented for redemption or sold in the open market. Debentures issued as collateral security can be dealt with in two ways in the books of the company:
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First Method
No entry is made in the books of accounts since no liability is created by such issue. However, on the liability side of the Balance Sheet, below the item of loan, a note to the effect that it has been secured by issue of debentures as a collateral security is appended. For example, X Company has issued 9%, 10,000 debentures of Rs.100 each for a loan of Rs.10, 00,000 taken from a bank. This fact may be shown in the balance sheet as under: Balance Sheet of X Company as on
Liabilities
Secured Loans: Bank loan (secured by 9%, 10,000 Debentures of Rs. 10 each as collateral security) 10,00,000
(No entry is made for issuing debentures as a Collateral Security)
Second Method
The issue of debentures as a collateral security may be recorded by means of journal entry as follows:
Journal Entries . i Issue of 10,000, 9% debentures of Rs.100 each as collateral security for bank loan of Rs.10,00,000. Debenture Suspense A/c Dr. 10,00,000 To 9% Debentures A/c 10,00,000 For cancellation of 9% debentures as collateral security on repayment of bank loan.
i i .
Debenture Suspense account will appear as a deduction from the debentures on the liability side of the Balance Sheet. When loan is repaid the above entry will be cancelled by a reverse entry : 9% Debentures A/c Dr. 10,00,000 To Debenture Suspense A/c 10,00,000
93
Balance Sheet of X Company as on

Laiiis iblte Amount (s) R. Assets Amount (s) R.
Secured Loans: Bank loan 10,00,000 9%, 10,000 10,00,000 Debentures of Rs.100 each Less : Debentures 10,00,000 Suspense A/c
Illustration 14
A company took a loan of Rs.10,00,000 from Punjab National Bank and issued 10% debentures of Rs.12,00,000 of Rs.100 each as a collateral security. Explain how you will deal with the issue of debentures in the books of the company.
Solution
First Method:
Balance Sheet (Extract)

Laiiis iblte
Secured Loans: Loan from PN Bank (Secured by issued of 12,000, 10% debenture of Rs.100 each as collateral security)
Amount (s) R.
10,00,000
Assets
Amount (s) R.
Note:
No entry recorded in the books of accounts.
Second Method:
Journal Entries
12,00,000 12,00,000
Debenture Suspense A/c To 10% Debentures A/c (12,000 debenture of Rs.100 each issued as collateral security to PN Bank)
Dr.
94
Balance Sheet (Extract)

Laiiis iblte Amount (s) R. Assets Amount (s) R.
Loan from PNB 10,00,000 10% Debentures 12,00,000 Less : Debentures Suspense A/c 12,00,000 Do it Yourself 1 Raghuveer Limited created 10,00,000, 8% debentures stock which was issued . as follows to: Rs. 1 Sundry Subscribers for Cash at 90% . 5,50,000 2 Creditor for Rs. 2,00,000 capital expenditure . 2,00,000 in satisfaction of his claim 3 Bankers as Collateral Security for a bank loan . 2,50,000 worth Rs. 20,00,000 for which principal security is Business Premises worth Rs. 22,50,000. The issue (1) and (2) are redeemable at the end of 10 years at par. State how the debenture stock be dealt with while preparing the balance sheet of a company. 2 Hassan Limited took a loan of Rs. 30,00,000 from a bank against primary . security worth Rs. 40,00,000 and issued 4,000, 6% debentures of Rs. 100 each as a collateral security. The company again after one year took a loan of Rs. 50,00,000 from bank against Plant as primary security and deposited 6,000, 6% debentures of Rs. 100 each as collateral security. Record necessary journal entries and prepare balance sheet of a company. 3 Meghnath Limited took a loan of Rs. 1,20,000 from a bank and deposited 1,400, . 8% debentures of Rs. 100 each as collateral security along with primary security worth Rs. 2 lakhs. Company again took a loan of Rs. 80,000 after two months from a bank and deposited 1,000, 8% debentures of Rs. 100 each as collateral security. Record necessary journal entries and prepare a balance sheet of a company.
2.8
Terms of Issue of Debentures
When a company issues debentures, it usually mentions the terms on which they will be redeemed at their maturity. Redemption of debentures means discharge of liability on account of debentures by repayment made to the debentureholders. Debentures can be redeemed either at par or at a premium. Depending upon the terms and conditions of issue and redemption of debentures, the following six situations are commonly found in practice.
95
( i ) () i i (i) ii (v i) () v (i v)
Issued at par and redeemable at par Issued at discount and redeemable at par Issued at a premium and redeemable at par Issued at par and redeemable at a premium Issued at a discount and redeemable at a premium Issued at a premium and redeemable at a premium
The journal entries to be recorded for the for above six cases of issue of debentures are as follows.
1 . Issue at par and redeemable at par
() a Bank A/c (Receipt of application money) () b Debenture Application & Allotment A/c To Debentures A/c (Allotment of debentures) Dr. Dr.
To Debenture Application & Allotment A/c
2 .
Issue at a discount and redeemable at par

() a Bank A/c (Receipt of application money) () b Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c To Debentures A/c (Allotment of debentures at a discount) Dr. Dr. Dr.
3 .
Issue at premium and redemption at par

() a Bank A/c (Receipt of application money) () b Debenture Application & Allotment A/c To Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Allotment of debentures at a premium) Dr. Dr.
96 4 .
Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements Issue at par and redeemable at premium
() a Bank A/c Dr.
To Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Receipt of application money) () b Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c To Debentures A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debenture A/c (Allotment of debentures at par and redeemade at a premium) Dr. Dr.(with premium on redemption) (with nominal value of debenture) (with premium on redemption)
5 .
Issue at discount and redemption at premium

Bank A/c Dr.
To Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Receipt of application money) Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Dr. Dr. (with discount on issue plus premium on redemption) To Debentures A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c (Allotment of debentures at a discount and redeemable at premium) (with nominal value of debenture) (with premium on redemption)
6 .
Issued at a premium and redeemable at premium

Bank A/c Dr.
To Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Receipt of application money) Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c To Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c Dr. Dr.(with premium on redemption) (with nominal value of debenture) (with premium on issue) (with premium on redemption)
Issue and Redemption of Debentures Notes:

1 When debentures are redeemable at a premium, a provision has to be made . right at the time of the issue by debiting the amount to Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c. It may be noted that when debentures are issued at a discount and are redeemable at a premium, the amount of discount issue is also debited to Loss on Issue of Debentures. It may be noted that when the debentures are issued at a discount and are redeemable at par, the amount debited to Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c as usual. 2 Premium on redemption is a liability of a company payable in future. It is a . provision and is shown under the head Secured Loans until debentures are redeemed. 3 Loss on issue of debenture account is a capital loss and it is to be written-off . gradually against the profit and loss account or securities premium account. The unwritten-off amount is shown on the assets side of the balance sheet under the head Miscellaneous Expenditure. Just like discount on issue of debenture account.
97
Illustration 15
Give Journal Entries for the following: 1 Issue of Rs.10,000, 9% debentures of Rs. 100 each and redeemable at . par. 2 Issue of Rs.10,000, 9% debentures of Rs. 100 each at premium of 5% . but redeemable at par. 3 Issue of Rs.10,000, 9% debentures of Rs. 100 each at discount of 5% . repayable at par. 4 Issue of Rs.10,000, 9% debentures of Rs. 100 each at par but repayable . at a premium of 5%. 5 Issue of Rs.10,000, 9% debentures of Rs. 100 each at discount of 5% . but redeemable at premium of 5%. 6 Issue of Rs.10,000, 9% debentures of Rs. 100 each at premium of 5% . and redeemable at premium of 5%.
Solution
Journal
1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000
Bank A/c Dr. To 9% Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Debentures Application money received) Debenture Application & Allotment A/c To 9% Debentures A/c (Application money transferred to Debentures Account) Dr.
98
2

Bank A/c Dr. To 9% Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Debentures application money received) Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Dr. To 9% Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Debentures application money transferred to Debentures & Securities Premium account) 3 Bank A/c Dr. To 9% Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Debentures application money received) 9% Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c To 9% Debentures A/c (Debentures application money transferred to Debentures account) 4 Dr. Dr. 1,05,000 1,05,000
1,05,000 1,00,000 5,000
95,000 95,000
95,000 5,000 1,00,000
Bank A/c Dr. To 9% Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Debentures Application money received) Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Dr. Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Dr. To 9% Debentures A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c (Debentures Application money transferred to Debentures account)
1,00,000 1,00,000
1,00,000 5,000 1,00,000 5,000
Bank A/c Dr. To 9% Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Debentures Application money received) Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Dr. Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Dr. To 9% Debentures A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c (Debentures application money transferred to debentures and Premium on debenture account)
95,000 95,000
95,000 10,000 1,00,000 5,000

6 Bank A/c Dr. To 9% Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Debentures Application money received) Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Dr. Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Dr. To 9% Debenture A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Debenture application money transferred to debentures account) 1,05,000
99
1,05,000
1,05,000 5,000 1,00,000 5,000 5,000
Illustration 16
You are required to set out the journal entries relating to the issue of the debentures in the books of X Ltd. and show how they would appear in its balance sheet under the following cases: () a () b () c () d 120, 8% debentures of Rs.1,000 each are issued at 5% discount and repayable at par. 150, 7% debentures of Rs.1,000 each are issued at 5% discount and repayable at premium of 10%. 80, 9% debentures of Rs.1,000 each are issued at 5% premium. Another 400, 8% debentures of Rs.100 each are issued as collateral security against a loan of Rs.40,000.
Solution
() a
Date
Books of X Ltd. Journal

Particulars LF .. Debit Amount (s) R.
1,14,000 6,000 1,20,000
Bank A/c Dr. Discount on issue of Debentures A/c Dr. To 8% Debentures A/c (Issue of 120, 8% debentures at a discount of 5% repayable at par)
100
Balance Sheet of X Ltd.

Laiiis iblte
Secured Loans: 8% Debentures
Amount (s) R.
1,20,000
Assets
Cash at Bank Miscellaneous Expenditure Discount on debentures
Amount (s) R.
1,14,000 6,000
() b
Date
Journal
1,42,500 22,500* 1,50,000 15,000
Bank A/c Dr. Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Dr. To 7% Debentures A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debenture A/c (Issue of 150, 7% debentures at a discount of 5% repayable at premium of 10%)
* Discount on issue of debentures Rs.7,500 and premium on redemption of debentures Rs.15,000.

Laiiis iblte
Secured loans: 7% Debentures Premium on redemption of debentures

Cash at bank 1,50,000 Miscellaneous expenditure: 15,000 Loss on issue of debentures
Amount (s) R.
1,42,500 22,500
() c
Date
Journal
84,000 80,000 4,000
Bank A/c To 9% Debentures A/c To Securities premium A/c (Issue of 80, 9% debentures of Rs.1,000 each at 5% premium)
Dr.
101

Laiiis iblte
Reserve & Surpluses: Securities premium Secured loans: 9% Debentures
Amount (s) R.
4,000 80,000
Assets
Cash at bank
Amount (s) R.
84,000
() d
Date
Journal
40,000 40,000
Debenture Suspense A/c Dr. To 8% Debentures A/c (Issue of 400, 8% debentures of Rs.100 each as collateral security against a loan of Rs.40,000)

Laiiis iblte
Secured loans: Bank loan 400, 8% Debentures Rs.100 Less : Debenture suspense A/c
Amount (s) R.
40,000 40,000 40,000 --------
Assets
Amount (s) R.
Do it Yourself 1 . Nena Limited issued 50,000, 10% debentures of Rs. 100 each on the basis of the following conditions: a . Debentures issued at par and redeemable at par. b . Debentures issued at discount @ 5% and redeemable at par. c . Debentures issued at premium @ 10% and redeemable at par. d . Debentures issued at par and redeemable at premium @ 10%. e . Debentures issued at discount of 5% and redeemable at a premium of 10%. f Debentures issued at premium of 6% and redeemable at a premium of . 4%. Record necessary journal entries in the above mentioned cases at the time of issue and redemption of debentures.
102
2 .

Record necessary journal entries in each of the following cases: a . 27,000, 7% debentures of Rs. 100 each issued at par, redeemable at par. b . 25,000, 7% debentures of Rs. 100 each issued at par redeemable at 4% premium. c . 20,000, 7% debentures of Rs. 100 each issued at 5% discount and redeemable at par. d . 30,000, 7% debentures of 100 each issued at 5% discount and redeemable at 2 % premium. e . 35,000, 7% debentures of Rs. 100 each issued at 4% premium and redeemable.
2.9
Interest on Debentures
When a company issues debentures, it is under an obligation to pay interest thereon at fixed percentage (half yearly) periodically until debentures are repaid. This percentage is usually as part of the name of debentures like 8% debentures, 10% debentures, etc., and interest payable is calculated at the nominal value of debentures. Interest on debenture is a charge against the profit of the company and must be paid whether the company has earned any profit or not. According to Income Tax Act 1961, a company must deduct income tax at a prescribed rate from the interest payable on debentures if it exceeds the prescribed limit. It is called Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) and is to be deposited with the tax authorities. Of course, the debentureholders can adjust this amount against the tax due from them.
2.9.1 Accounting Treatment

The following journal entries are recorded in the books of a company in connection with the interest on debentures:
1 .
When interest is due Debenture Interest A/c Dr. To Income Tax payable A/c To Debentureholders A/c (Amount of interest due on debenture and tax deducted at source ) For payment of interest to debentureholders Debentureholders A/c To Bank A/c (Amount of interest paid to debentureholders)
Dr.
2 .
3 .
On transfer debenture Interest Account to profit and loss account Profit and Loss A/c Dr. To Debenture Interest A/c (Debenture interest transferred to profit and loss A/c)

4 . On payment of tax deducted at source to Government Income Tax Payable A/c Dr. To Bank A/c (Payment of tax deducted at source on interest on debentures)
103
Illustration 17
A Ltd. issued 2000 10% debentures of Rs.100 each on January 01, 2004 at a discount of 10% redeemable at a premium of 10%. Give journal entries relating to the issue of debentures and debenture interest for the period ending December 31, 2004 assuming that interest was paid half yearly on June 30 and December 31 and tax deducted at source is 10%. A.Ltd. follows calendar year as its accounting year.
Solution
Book of A Ltd. Journal
1,80,000 1,80,000
2004 Jan.01
Bank A/c To 10% Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Application money received on 2,000, 10% debentures)
Dr.
10% Debentures Application & Allotment A/c Dr. Loss on Issue of Debenture A/c Dr. To 10% Debentures A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c (Allotment of debentures at a discount of 10% and redeemable at a premium of 10%) Jun.30 10% Debenture Interest A/c To Debentureholders A/c To Income Tax Payable A/c (Interest due for 6 months and tax deducted at source) 10% Debenturesholders A/c To Bank A/c (Payment of interest) Dr.
1,80,000 40,000 2,00,000 20,000
10,000 9,000 1,000
Dr.
9,000 9,000
104
Dec.31

10% Debenture interest A/c To Debentureholders A/c To Income Tax Payable A/c (Interest due for 6 months and tax deducted at source) 10% Debenturesholders A/c To Bank A/c (Payment of interest) Dr. 10,000 9,000 1,000
Dr.
9,000 9,000
Dec.31
Income Tax Payable A/c Dr. To Bank A/c (Paid tax deducted at source to the government) Profit & Loss A/c To Debenture Interest A/c (Debenture interest transferred to profit and loss account) Do it Yourself Dr.
2,000 2,000
20,000 20,000
1 .
2 .
Diwakar enterprises Ltd. Issued 10,00,000, 6% debentures on April 1, 2002. Interest is paid on September 30, 2002 and March 31, 2003. Record necessary journal entries assuming that income tax is deducted @30% of the amount of interest. (Amount of tax Rs. 18,000 for the year ending March 31, 2003) Laser India Ltd. Issued 7,00,000, 8% debentures of Rs. 100 each at par. Company deducts income tax from the interest of these debentures at source. Interest is to be paid on these debentures half-yearly on September 30 and March 31, every year. Amount of income tax deducted half-yearly is Rs. 2,80,000.
2.10 Writing off Discount/Loss on Issue of Debentures The discount/loss on issue of debentures is a capital loss or a fictitious asset and, therefore, must be written-off during the life time of debentures. The amount of discount/loss on issue of debentures should normally not be written-off in the year of issue itself since the benefit of the debentures would accrue to the company till their redemption. The discount/loss on it is, therefore, treated as capital loss and, normally, spread user the duration of debentures say 5-7 years meanwhile it should be shown under the head Miscellaneous Expenditure on the asset side of Balance Sheet. Section 78 of The Companies Act, 1956 also permits the utilisation of Securities Premium Account and other capital profits for writing off the discount/loss on issue of debentures. In case, however, there are no capital profits or if the capital profits are not adequate, the amount of
105
such discount/loss can be written-off against the revenue profits every year by passing the following journal entry.
Profit and Loss A/c To Discount/Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c (Discount/loss on issue of debentures written-off) Dr.
There are two methods, which can be adopted to write off discount/loss on issue of debentures against the revenue profits. These are as follows. 1 Fixed Instalment Method: When the debentures are redeemed at the . end of a specified period, the total amount of discount should be writtenoff in equal instalments of fixed amount over that period. For example, if the debentures are to be redeemed after 10 years then out of the total amount of discount of Rs.1,00,000, Rs.10,000 will be written-off every year. 2 Fluctuating Instalment Method: When debentures are repaid by . annual drawings or in instalments, the discount should be written-off in the ratio of debentures outstanding as at the end of each accounting year. The amount of discount, under this method, goes on reducing every year and so this method may also be known as Reducing Instalment Method. For example, a company issues Rs.15,00,000, 9% Debentures at a discount of 10% redeemable by annual drawings of Rs.3,00,000 at the end of each year. The amount of discount to be written-off will be calculated as under:
Year First Year Second Year Third Year Fourth Year Fifth Year Amount utilised during the Year Rs.15,00,000 Rs.12,00,000 Rs. 9,00,000 Rs. 6,00,000 Rs. 3,00,000 Ratio 5 4 3 2 1
Hence, the amount of discount to be written-off every year will be as under :

First Year Second Year Third Year Fourth Year Fifth Year Rs.1,50,000 Rs.1,50,000 Rs.1,50,000 Rs.1,50,000 Rs.1,50,000 5/15 4/15 3/15 2/15 1/15 = = = = = Rs.50,000 Rs.40,000 Rs.30,000 Rs.20,000 Rs.10,000
Illustration 18
X Ltd. issued 5,000, 16% debentures of Rs.100 each at a discount of 5% repayable after 5 years at a premium of 5%. You are required to write-off the loss on issue of debentures over the period of five years.
106
Solution
4,75,00 4,75,000
Bank A/c Dr. To Debenture Application & Allotment A/c (Debentures application money received) Debenture Applications Allotment A/c Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c To 16% Debentures A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debenture A/c (Debenture application money transferred to Debentures A/c repayable at premium of 5%) First Year Profit & Loss A/c To Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Dr. Dr. Dr.
4,75,000 50,000 5,00,000 25,000
10,000 10,000
Second Profit & Loss A/c Year To Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Third Year Fourth Year Fifth Year Profit & Loss A/c To Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Profit & Loss A/c To Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Profit & Loss A/c To Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c
Dr.
10,000 10,000
Dr.
10,000 10,000
Dr.
10,000 10,000
Dr.
10,000 10,000
Loss on Issue of Debenture Account

D. r Date
Jan.01 (year1)
Particulars
Debentures
Amount (s) R.
50,000 50,000
Date
Dec.31 (year 1)
Particulars
Profit & Loss Balance c/d
C. r Amount (s) R.
10,000 40,000 50,000

Jan.01 (year2) Balance b/d 40,000 Dec.31 (year 2) Profit & Loss Balance c/d
107
10,000 30,000 40,000 Dec.31 (year 3) Profit & Loss Balance c/d 10,000 20,000 30,000 Dec.31 (year 4) Profit & Loss Balance c/d 10,000 10,000 20,000 Dec.31 (year 5) Profit & Loss 10,000
40,000 Jan.01 (year3) Balance b/d 30,000
10,000
10,000
Illustration 19
A company issued 9% debentures of the face value of Rs.2,00,000 at a discount of 6%. The debentures were repayable by annual drawings of Rs.40,000. How would you deal with discount on issue of debenture? Show the discount account in companys ledger for the duration of debentures.
Solution
Discount on Issue of Debentures Account
D. r Date
Jan.01 (year1)
Particulars
9% Debentures
Amount (s) R.
12,000 12,000
Date
Dec.31 (year 1)
Particulars
C. r Amount (s) R.
4,000 8,000 12,000
Jan.01 (year2)
Balance b/d
8,000 8,000
Dec.31 (year 2)
3,200 4,800 8,000
Jan.01 (year3)
Balance b/d
4,800 4,800
Dec.31 (year 3)
2,400 2,400 4,800
108
Jan.01 (year4)

Balance b/d 2,400 2,400 Dec.31 (year 4) Profit & Loss Balance c/d 1,600 800 2,400 Dec.31 (year 5) Profit & Loss 800 800
Jan.01 (year5)
Balance b/d
800 800
Working Note :
Statement showing the Debentures Discount to be written-off each year : Year ended on Face Value of Debentures used (Rs.) B 2,00,000 1,60,000 1,20,000 80,000 40,000 Period of use C months months months months months Product Ratio Amount of Discount (Rs.) (12000 E/15) 4,000 3,200 2,400 1,600 800
A End of Ist year End of IInd year End of IIIrd year End of IVth year End of Vth year
12 12 12 12 12
D=B C 24,00,000 19,20,000 14,40,000 9,60,000 4,80,000
E 5 4 3 2 1 15
Illustration 20
Z Ltd. issued 10,000 Debentures of Rs.100 each at 8%, payable, Rs.10 on application; and the balance on allotment. All the money was duly received. Record the entries in the books of the company.
Solution
Books of Z Ltd. Journal Entries
1,00,000 1,00,000
Bank A/c 8% Debenture Applications A/c (Debenture Application money received)
Dr.
8% Debenture Applications A/c Dr. To 8% Debentures A/c (Applications money transferred to DebenturesA/c)
1,00,000 1,00,000

8% Debenture Allotment A/c To 8% Debentures A/c (Amount due on allotment) Bank A/c To 8% Debentures Allotment A/c (Allotment money received) Dr. 9,00,000
109
9,00,000
Dr.
9,00,000 9,00,000
Illustration 21
A Ltd. invited applications for 5,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each at 10%, premium, Rs.25 payable on application, Rs.50 (including premium) on allotment and the balance on first and final call. Applications were received for 7,500 debentures and it was decided to make allotment as under: ( To refuse allotment to the applicants of 1,500 debentures i ) () To give full allotment to the applicants of 1,000 debentures i i (i) To allot the remaining debentures on pro-rata basis ii The excess money received on applications is to be adjusted on allotment. Record the necessary journal entries assuming that full money has been received. Also prepare the extract of Balance Sheet.
Solution
Books of A Ltd. Journal
1,87,500 1,87,500
Bank A/c Dr. To 10% Debenture Application A/c (Application money on 10% debentures received) 8% Debenture Application A/c Dr. To 10% Debentures A/c To 10% Debenture Allotment A/c To Bank A/c (Application money transferred to Debentures A/c, surplus refunded and excess money adjusted) 10% Debenture Allotment A/c Dr. To 10% Debentures A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Allotment money due received on debentures)
1,87,500 1,25,000 25,000 37,500
2,50,000 2,00,000 50,000
110

Bank A/c To 10% Debenture Allotment A/c (Allotment money received on debentures) Dr. 2,25,000 2,25,000
10% Debenture First & Final Call A/c Dr. To 10% Debentures A/c (First and Final Call money due on debentures) Bank A/c Dr. To 10% Debenture First & Final Call A/c (Debenture First & Final Call money received)
1,75,000 1,75,000
1,75,000 1,75,000
Extract of Balance Sheet

Laiiis iblte
Reserves and Surplues: Securities premium Secured loans: 10% Debentures
Amount (s) R.
50,000 5,00,000 5,50,000
Assets
Amount (s) R.
5,50,000
Cash at bank
5,50,000
Do it Yourself 1 . X Ltd. Issued 2,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each at a discount of 8% on 1 Jan, 1992 which are redeemable at par by annual drawings in 4 years commencing from 31st March 1993 as per the following redemption plan: Ist Draw 10%, 2nd Draw 20%, 3rd Draw 30%, and 4th Draw 40%. Calculate the amount of discount to be written-off each year assuming that X Ltd. follows calendar year as its accounting year. Z Ltd. issued 15,00,000, 10% debenture of Rs.50 each at premium of 10% payable as Rs.20 on application and balance on allotment. Debentures are redeemable at par after 6 years. All the money due on allotment was called and duly received. Record necessary entries when premium money is included: ( i ) in application money (i i) in allotment money Z Ltd. issued 5,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each at a discount of 10% on 1.1.2005. The debentures are to be redeemed every year draw of lots 1,000 debenture to be redeemed every year starting on 31.12.2005. Record the necessary journal entries including the payment of interest and writing off the discount on issue of debentures. The interest is payable on 30th June and 31st December. Z Ltd. Closes its books of accounts on 31st December.
2 .
3 .

4 .
111
5 .
6 .
M Ltd. issued 10,000, 8% debentures of Rs.100 each at a premium of 10% on 1.1.2004. It purchased sundry assets of the value of Rs,2,50,000 and took over the liabilities of Rs,1,90,000 and issued 8% debentures at a discount of 5% to the vendor. On the same date it took loan from the Bank for Rs.1,00,000 and issued 8% debentures as Collateral Security. Record the relevant journal entries in the books of M Ltd. and prepare the extract of balance sheet on 31.12.2004. Ignore interest. On 1.1.2005 Fast Computers Ltd. issued 20,00,000, 6% debentures of Rs.100 each at a discount of 4%, redeemable at a premium of 5% after three years. The amount was payable as follows: On application Rs.50 per debenture, Balance on allotment, Record the necessary journal entries for issue of debentures. D Ltd. Purchased machinery worth Rs.2,00,000 from E Ltd. on 1.1.2001. Rs.50,000 were paid immediately and the balance was paid by issue of Rs.1,60,000, 12% Debentures in D Ltd. Record the necessary journal entries for recording the transactions in the books of D Ltd.
Illustration 22
A Ltd. Company has issued Rs.1,00,000, 9% debentures at a discount of 6%. These debentures are to be redeemed equally, spread over 5 annual instalments. Show Discount on Issue of Debentures Account for five years.
Solution
Books of A Ltd. Discount on Issue of Debentures Account
D. r
Date
Ist year
C. r
Particulars
Debenture
Amount (s) R. 6,000

6,000
Date
It s year
Particulars
Amount (s) R. 2,000 4,000

6,000
IInd year
Balance b/d
4,000
IInd year
1,600 2,400 4,000
4,000 IIIrd year Balance b/d 2,400 IId Ir year Profit & Loss Balance c/d
1,200 1,200 2,400
2,400
112
IVth year

Balance b/d 1,200 IVth year Profit & Loss Balance c/d 800 400 1,200 Vth year Profit & Loss 400
1,200 Vth year Balance b/d 400
400
400
Workings Notes:
Total discount on the issue of debentures
6 = Rs . 6 ,0 0 0 100 Amount of discount to be written off is determined as follows: Rs . 1 ,0 0 ,0 0 0
Year 1
Amount 1,00,000
Ratio 5
_______
Amount (Rs.) 5 6,000 = 2,000
15 2 80,000 4
_______
6,000 =
1,600
15 3 60,000 3
_______
6,000 =
1,200
15 4 40,000 2
_______
6,000 =
800
15 5 20,000 1
_______
6,000 =
400
15
Test your Understanding I State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F): 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . Debenture is written instrument acknowledging a debt under the common seal of the company. Debenture is a part of owned capital. The payment of interest on debentures is a charge on the profits of the company. The debentures cannot be issued at a discount of more than 10% of the face value.

5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10. 11. 12.
113
Redeemable debentures are those debentures, which are payable on the expiry of the specific period. Perpetual debentures are also known as irredeemable debentures. Debentures cannot be converted into shares. Debentures cannot be issued at a premium. A Collateral Security is a Subsidiary Security. Debentures cannot be issued at a premium and redeemable at par. Loss on issue of debentures account is a revenue loss. Premium on redemption of debentures account is shown under the Securities Premium in the Balance Sheet.
SECTION II
2.11 Redemption of Debentures Redemption of debentures refers to extinguishing or discharging the liability on account of debentures in accordance with the terms of issue. In other words redemption of debentures means repayment of the amount of debentures by the company. There are four ways by which the debentures can be redeemed. These are : 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . Payment in lump sum Payment in instalments Purchase in the open market By conversion into shares or new debentures. Methods of Redemption of Debentures
Payment in Lump sum
Payment in Installments
Purchase in Open Market
Conversion into Shares or New Debentures
Payment in lump sum : The company redeems the debentures by paying the whole amount in one lump sum to the debenturesholders at the expiry of the agreed time or earlier at the option of the company. In this case, the time of repayment is known in advance and the company can plan its financial resources accordingly. Payment in instalments : Under this method, redemption of debentures is made in instalments at the end of each year during the tenure of the debentures. The total amount of debenture liability is divided by the number of years it is to
114
last and the actual debentures redeemable are identified by means of drawing the requisite number of lots from out of the debentures outstanding for payment. Purchase in open market: When a company purchases its own debentures through stock exchanges for the purposes of cancellation, such an act of purchasing and cancelling the debentures constitutes redemption of debentures by purchase in the open market. Conversion into shares or new debentures : A company can redeem its debentures by converting them into new class of debentures or shares. If debentureholders find that the offer is beneficial to them, they can exercise their right of converting their debentures into new class of debentures or shares. These new shares or debentures can be issued at par, at a discount or at a premium. It should be noted that only the actual proceeds of debentures are to be taken into account for ascertaining the number of shares to be issued in lieu of the debentures to be converted. If debentures are originally issued at discount, the actual amount realised from them at the time of issue is used as the basis for computing the actual number of shares to be issued. It may be noted that this method is applicable only to convertible debentures. Non-convertible debentures can be redeemed in this way. 2.12 Redemption by Payment in Lump Sum When the company pays the whole amount in one lumpsum, the following, journal entries are recorded in the books of the company.
1. If debentures are to be redeemed at par ( ) Debentures A/c a To Debentureholders ( ) Debentureholders b To Bank A/c If debentures are to be redeemed at premium
() a Debentures A/c Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c To Debenture holders Debentureholders To Bank A/c Dr. Dr.
2 .
Dr. Dr. Dr.
() b
Illustration 23
Give the necessary journal entries at time of redemption of debentures in each of the following cases.
115
1 . 2 . 3 . 4 .
X Ltd. issued 500, 9% debentures of Rs.100 each at par and redeemable at par at the end of 5 years out of capital. X Ltd. issued 1,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each at par. These debentures are redeemable at 10% premium at the end of 4 years. X Ltd. issued 12% debentures of the total face value of Rs.1,00,000 at premium of 5% to be redeemed at par at the end of 4 years. X Ltd. issued Rs.1,00,000, 12% debentures at a discount of 5% but redeemable at a premium of 5% at the end of 5 years.
Solution
Journal
5,00,000 5,00,000
1 .
9% Debentures A/c To Debentureholders (Amount due on redemption debentures) Debentureholders To Bank A/c (Payment made to debenturesholders)
Dr.
Dr.
5,00,000 5,00,000
2 .
12% Debentures A/c Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c To Debentureholders (Amount due on redemption of debentures) Debentureholders To Bank A/c (Payment made to debenturesholders)
Dr. Dr.
1,00,000 10,000 1,10,000
Dr.
1,10,000 1,10,000
3 .
12% Debentures A/c To Debentureholders (Amount due on redemption) Debentureholders A/c To Bank A/c (Payment made to debenturesholders)
Dr.
1,00,000 1,00,000
Dr.
1,00,000 1,00,000
116
4 .

12% Debentures A/c Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c To Debentureholders A/c (Amount due on redemption of debentures) Debentureholders To Bank A/c (Payment made to debenturesholders) Dr. 1,05,000 1,05,000 Dr. Dr. 1,00,000 5,000 1,05,000
As per the latest provisions of The Companies Act, the company must sets aside a portion of profits every year and transfer it to Debenture Redemption Reserve for redemption of debentures until the debentures are redeemed. The journal entry recorded for the purpose is as follows : Provisions of The Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000 - Section 117C () Where a company issued debentures after the commencement of this a Act, it shall create a Debenture Redemption Reserve for the redemption of such debentures, to which adequate amount shall be credited, from out of its profit every year until such debentures are redeemed. () The amount credited to the Debenture Redemption Reserve shall not b be utilised by the company except for the purpose of redemption of debentures.
SEBIs Guidelines
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has provided some guidelines for redemption of debentures. The focal points of these guidelines are: 1 Every company shall create Debenture Redemption Reserve in case of . issue of debenture redeemable after a period of more than 18 months from the date of issue. 2 The creation of Debenture Redemption Reserve is obligatory only for . non-convertible debentures and non-convertible portion of partly convertible debentures. 3 A company shall create Debenture Redemption Reserve equivalent to . at least 50% of the amount of debenture issue before starting the redemption of debenture. 4 Withdrawal from Debenture Redemption Reserve is permissible only . after 10% of the debenture liability has already been reduced by the company. SEBI guidelines would not apply under the following situations: () Infrastructure company (a company wholly engaged in the business a of developing, maintaining and operating infrastructure facilities), and
117
() b
A company issuing debentures with a maturity period of not more than 18 months.
2.12.1 Clarifications regarding creation of Debenture Redemption Reserve

The Department of Company Affairs, Government of India, vide their circular No.9/2002, dated 18.04.2002 has issued the following clarifications regarding creation of Debenture Redemption Reserve (DRR)a No DRR is required for debentures issued by All India Financial . Institutions, regulated by RBI and Banking Companies for both public as well as privately placed debentures. b No DRR is required in case of privately placed debentures. . c Section 117C will apply to debentures issued and pending to be . redeemed and, therefore, DRR will also be created for debentures issued prior to 13.12.2000 and pending redemption. d Section 117C will apply to non-convertible portion of debentures . issued whether they are fully or partly paid. The Debenture Redemption Reserve account appears on the liability side of the Balance sheet under the head Reserves and Surpluses. When the debentures are redeemed, the requisite amount of Debenture Redemption Reserve is transferred to General Reserve by recording the following journal entry.
Illustration 24
XYZ Ltd. issued 200, 15% debentures of Rs.100 each on January 01, 2002 at discount of 10% redeemable at premium of 10% out of profits. Give journal entries at the time of issue and redemption of debentures if debentures are to be redeemed in lump sum at the end of 4th year. The directors decided to transfer the minimum amount to Debenture Redemption Reserve on December, 31 2002.
Solution
Books of XYZ Ltd. Journal
18,000 4,000 20,000 2,000
2002 Jan.01
Bank A/c Dr. Loss on Issue of Debenture A/c Dr. To 15% Debentures A/c To Premium on Redemption of Debenture A/c (Issue of debentures at 10% discount and redeemable at 10% premium)
118
Dec.31

Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c To Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c (Transfer of profits to DRR as per Sec 117(C) and SEBI) 15% Debentures A/c Debenture Redemption Premium A/c To Debentureholders A/c (Amount due on redemption ) Debentureholders A/c To Bank A/c (Amount paid to debentures holders) Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c To General Reserve A/c (Transfer of DRR to General Reserve after total redemption) Dr. 10,000 10,000
2004 Dec.31
Dr. Dr.
20,000 2,000 22,000
Dr.
22,000 22,000
Dr.
10,000 10,000
It may be noted that when Debenture Redemption Reserve is created, redemption of debentures is termed as redemption out of profits. Otherwise, it is treated as redemption out of capital.
Do it Yourself 1 . X Ltd. decides to redeem 8,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each on January 1, 2004 at a premium of 5%. The company has a balance of Rs.9, 00,000 at the credit of its profit and loss account. The company closes its books on December 31 every year. What journal entries the company will be recorded to redeem the above debentures. G Ltd. issued 5,00,000, 12 % debenture of Rs.100 each on April 1, 2002 redeemable at par on July 1, 2003. The company received applications for 6,00,000 debentures and the allotment was made to all the applicants on pro-rata basis. The debenture were redeemed on due date. How much amount of Debenture Redemption Reserve is to be created before the redemption is carried out? Also record necessary journal entries regarding issue and redemption of debenture. Ignore tax deducted at source.
2 .
2.12.2 Redemption by Payment in Instalments

When, as per terms of the issue, the debentures are to be redeemed in instalments beginning from a particular year, the actual debentures to be redeemed are selected usually by draw of lots, and the redemption to be made either out of profits or out of capital. The entries will be:

1 .
119
If redeemed out of profits

() a () b () c Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c Debentures A/c To Debentureholders Debentureholders To Bank A/c Dr. Dr.
2 If redeemed out of capital . () a () b Debentures A/c To Debentureholders Debentureholders To Bank A/c Dr. Dr.
Illustration 25
ABC Ltd. issued 3,000, 14% Debentures of Rs. 100 each at a discount of 5% on January 1, 2002. Interest on these debentures is payable annually on 31st December each year. The debentures are redeemable at part in three equal instalments at the end of the third, fourth and fifth year. Prepare 14% Debentures Account, Discount on Issue of Debentures Account and Debenture Interest Account in the books of the company.
Soluation
14% Debentures Account
D. r Date
2002 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
3,00,000
Date
2002 Jan.01 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
C. r Amount (s) R.
2,85,000 15,000
Balance c/d
Debenture Application A/c Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c
3,00,000 2003 Dec.31 Balance c/d 3,00,000 3,00,000 2003 Jan.01 Balance b/d
3,00,000 3,00,000 3,00,000
120
2004 Dec.31 Dec.31

2004 Jan.01
Bank A/c Balance c/d
1,00,000 2,00,000 3,00,000
Balance b/d
3,00,000 3,00,000
2005 Dec.31 Dec.31
Bank A/c Balance c/d
1,00,000 1,00,000 2,00,000
2005 Jan.01
Balance b/d
2,00,000 2,00,000
2006 Dec.31
Balance c/d
1,00,000 1,00,000
2006 Jan.01
Balance b/d
1,00,000 1,00,000
Debentures Interest Account

D. r Date
2002 Dec.31 2003 Dec.31 2004 Dec.31 2005 Dec.31 2006 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
42,000
Date
2002 Dec.31 2003 Dec.31 2004 Dec.31 2005 Dec.31 2006 Dec. 31
Particulars
JF ..
C. r Amount (s) R.
42,000
Bank
Profit and Loss
Bank
42,000
Profit and Loss
42,000
Bank
42,000
Profit and Loss
42,000
Bank
28,000
Profit and Loss
28,000
Bank
14,000
Profit and Loss
14,000
Discount on Issue Debentures Account

D. r Date
2002 Jan.01
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
Date
Particulars
JF ..
C. r Amount (s) R.
3,750 11,250 15,000
Balance c/d
2002 15,000 Dec.31 Dec.31 15,000
Profit and Loss Balance c/d

2003 Jan.01 2003 Dec. 31 Dec. 31
121
Balance c/d
11,250 11,250
3,750 7,500 11,250
2004 Jan.01
Balance c/d
7,500 7,500
2004 Dec. 31 Dec. 31
3,750 3,750 7,500
2005 Jan.01
Balance c/d
3,750 3,750
2005 Dec. 31 Dec. 31
2,500 1,250 3,750
2006 Jan.01
Balance c/d
1,250 1,250
2006 Dec. 31
Profit and Loss
1,250 1,250
Working Notes: 1 Debenture interest is calculated @ 14% on the amount of debentures outstanding . in the beginning of each year. The amount of debentures outstanding on January 1, each year is Debenture Outstanding Rs. Beginning of 2002 3,00,000 Beginning of 2003 3,00,000 Beginning of 2004 3,00,000 Beginning of 2005 2,00,000 Beginning of 2006 1,00,000
2 . Discount on Issue of Debentures is written off in the ratio of the amount of debentures outstanding in the beginning of each year. The ratio is 3:3:3:2:1. So amount of discount to be written-off will be Year Amount Rs. 3 2002 Rs. 15,000 3,750 12 3 2003 Rs. 15,000 3,750 12 3 2004 Rs. 15,000 3,750 12 2 2005 Rs. 15,000 2,500 12 1 1,250 2006 Rs. 15,000 12 It may be noted that the company will also have to transfer every year an amount equal to the nominal value of debentures redeemed and at the end of fifth year (31.12.2006), the same shall be transfered to general reserve.
122
2.13 Redemption by Purchase in Open Market When a company purchases its own debentures in the open market for the purpose of immediate cancellation, the purchase and cancellation of such debentures are termed as redemption by purchase in the open market. The advantage of such an option is that a company can redeem the debentures at its convenience whenever it has surplus funds. Secondly, the company can purchase them when they are available in market at a discount. When the debentures are purchased from the market at a discount and cancelled, the journal entries are recorded as follows :
1 .
2 .
On purchase of our debentures for immediate cancellation Debentures A/c Dr. To Bank A/c To Profit on Redemption of Debentures A/c On transfer of Profit on Redemption Profit on Redemption of Debenture A/c Dr. To Capital Reserve
In case, the debentures are purchased from the market at a price which is above the nominal value of debenture, the excess will be debited to loss on redemption of debentures. The journal entry in that case will be
1 . Debentures A/c Loss on Redemption of Debentures A/c To Bank A/c Profit and Loss A/c To Loss on Redemption of Debentures A/c Dr. Dr. Dr.
2 .
Illustration 26
X Ltd. purchased its own debentures of Rs. 100 each of the face value of Rs. 20,000 from the open market for cancellation at Rs.92. Record necessary journal entries.
Solution
20,000 18,400 1,600
Debentures A/c Dr. To Bank A/c To Profit on Redemption of Debentures A/c (Own debentures purchased at Rs.92 from the market)

Profit on Redemption of Debenture A/c To Capital Reserve (Transfer of profit on cancellation of debentures to capital reserve) Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c To Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c (Transfer of profits to Debenture Redemption Reserve) Dr. 1,600
123
1,600
Dr.
20,000 20,000
Illustration 27
X Ltd. decided to redeem Rs. 25,000, 12% debentures. It purchased Rs.20,000 debentures in the open market at Rs.98.50 each, the expenses being Rs.100, and redeemed the balance of Rs.5,000 debentures by draw of lots. Journalise.
Solution
20,000 19,800 200
12% Debentures A/c Dr. To Bank A/c To Profit on Redemption of Debentures A/c (Purchase of 200 debentures @ Rs.98.5 plus Rs.100 for expenses ) 12% Debentures A/c To Bank A/c (Redemption of Rs.5,000 debentures) Profit on Redemption of Debenture A/c To Capital Reserve (Transfer of profits on Redemption of debentures to Capital Reserve A/c) Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c To Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c (Transfer of profit to Debenture Redemption Reserve) Dr.
5,000 5,000
Dr.
200 200
Dr.
25,000 25,000
Note :
The balance of Debenture Redemption Reserve has not been transferred to general reserve under the assumption that the company still some has debenture liability to be redeemed in future.
124
Illustration 28
On January 01, 2004, a company made an issue of 1,000, 6% debentures of Rs.1,000 each at Rs.960 per debenture. The terms of issue provided for the redemption of 200 debentures every year starting from the end of 2005 either by purchase or by draw of lot at par at the companys option. Rs.10,000 was written-off the debenture discount account in 2004 and so also 2005. On 31.12.2005, the company purchased for cancellation debentures of the face value of Rs.80,000 at Rs.950 per debenture and of the face value of Rs.1,20,000 at Rs.900 per debenture. Journalise the above transaction and show the profit on redemption would be treated.
Solution
9.60,000 9,60,000
2004 Bank A/c Dr. Jan.01 To 6% Debentures Application & Allotment A/c (Debentures application money received) 6% Debenture Application & Allotment A/c Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c To 6% Debentures A/c (Debentures application money transferred to Debentures A/c) Dec.31 Dr. Dr.
9,60,000 40,000 10,00,000
Profit & Loss A/c Dr. To Discount on Issue of Debenture A/c (Discount on issue of debentures written-off)
10,000 10,000
2005 Dec.31 6% Debentures A/c Dr. To Bank A/c To Profit on Redemption of Debenture A/c (Redemption of 80 debentures by purchasing @ Rs.950 per debenture) Dec.31 6% Debentures A/c Dr. To Bank A/c To Profit on Redemption of Debentures A/c (Redemption of 120 debentures @ Rs.900 by purchasing in open market)
80,000 76,000 4,000
1,20,000 1,08,000 12,000

Dec.31 Profit on Redemption of Debentures A/c To Capital Reserve A/c (Transfer of profits on cancellation of debentures to Capital Reserve A/c) Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c To Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c (Transfer of profit to Debenture Redemption Reserve) Profit & Loss A/c To Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c (Discount on debentures written-off) Dr. 16,000
125
16,000
Dec.31
Dr.
2,00,000 2,00,000
Dec.31
Dr.
10,000 10,000
2.14 Redemption by Conversion As stated earlier the debentures can also be debentures redeemed by converting them into shares or new debentures. If debentureholders find that the offer is beneficial to them, they will take advantage of this offer. The new shares or debentures may be issued at par, at a discount or at a premium. It may be noted that no Debenture Redemption Reserve is required in case of convertible debentures because no funds are required for redemption.
Illustration 29
Arjun Plastics Limited redeemed 1,000, 15% debentures of Rs.100 each by converting them into equity shares of Rs.10 each at a premium of Rs.2.50 per share. The company also redeemed 500 debentures by utilising Rs.50,000 out of profit. Give the necessary journal entries.
Solution
Books of Arjun Plastic Limted Journal
1,00,000 1,00,000
15% Debentures A/c To Debentureholders (Amount due to debentureholders) Debentureholders A/c To Equity Shares Capital A/c To Securities Premium A/c (Issue of 800 equity shares at a premium of Rs.2.50 per share)
Dr.
Dr.
1,00,000 80,000 20,000
126

Debentures A/c To Debentureholders A/c (Amount due to debentureholders) Debentureholders To Bank A/c (Payment to debentureholders) Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c To Debenture Redemption Reserve A/c (Transfer of profit to Debenture Redemption Reserve) Dr. 50,000 50,000
Dr.
50,000 50,000
Dr.
50,000 50,000
2.15 Sinking Fund Method Sufficient funds are required to redeem debentures at the end of a specified period. To meet this requirement, the company may decide to create a sinking fund and invest adequate amount in marketable securities or bonds of other business entities. Normally, a company ensures that an equal amount is set aside every year to arrange the necessary funds at the time of redemption. This is called Sinking Fund method according to while the company makes necessary arrangements is sets aside a part of divisible profit every year and invest the same outside the business in marketable securities. An appropriate amount is calculated by referring to on Sinking Fund Table depending upon the rate of return on investments and the number of years for which investments are made. The amount thus ascertained is transferred from profits every year to Debenture Redemption Fund and its investment is termed as Debenture Redemption Fund Investment. This investment earns as certain amount of income (call it interest) which is reinvested together with the fixed appropriated amount for the purpose in subsequent years. In last year, the interest earned and the appropriated fixed amount are not invested. In fact, at this stage the Debenture Redemption Fund Investments are encashed and the amount so obtained is used for the redemption of debentures. Any profit or loss made on the encashment of Debenture Redemption Fund investments is also transferred to Debenture Redemption Fund Account. The creation of Debenture Redemption Fund Account serves the purpose of Debenture Redemption Reserve as required by law and the SEBI guidelines, and is, after redemption is transferred to general reserve. Thus, the steps involved in the working of Sinking Fund method are : 1 . 2 . Calculate the amount of profit to be set-aside annually with the help of sinking fund table. Set aside the amount of profit at the end of each year and credit to Debenture Redemption Fund (DRF) Account.
127
3 .
4 . 5 .
6 . 7 . 8 . 9 .
10. 11.
Purchase the investments of the equivalent amount at the end of first year and debit it Debenture Redemption Fund Investment (DRFI) Account. Receive interest on investment at the end of each subsequent year. Purchase the investments equivalent to the fixed amount of profit set aside and the interest earned every year except last year (year of redemption). Receive interest on investment for the last year. Set aside the fixed amount of profit for the last year. Encash the investments at the end of the year of redemption. Transfer the profit/loss on sale of investments reflected in the balance of Debenture Redemption Fund Investment Account to Debenture Redemption Fund Account. Make payment to debenture holders. Transfer Debenture Redemption Fund A/c balance to General Reserve.
The sinking fund method is used for redemption of debentures by payment in lump sum on naturily, and the journal passed from year to year are as follows. 1 . At the end of First Year () For setting aside the fixed amount of profit for redemption a Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c () b For investing the amount set aside for redemption Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c To Bank A/c Dr. Dr.
2.
At the end of second year and subsequent years other than last year
() a For receipt of interest on Debenture Redemption Fund Investments Bank A/c Dr. To Interest on Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c For transfer of Interest on Debenture Redemption Fund Investment to Debenture Redemption Fund Account Interest on Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c
() b
128
() c
For setting aside the fixed amount of profit for redemption Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c Dr.
() d
For investments of the amount set aside for redemption and the interest earned on DRFI Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c To Bank A/c Dr.
3. At the end of last year

() a For receipt of interest Bank A/c Dr. To Interest on Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c For transfer of interest on Debenture Redemption Fund Investment to Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c Interest on Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c For setting aside the fixed amount of profit for redemption Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c For encashment of Debenture Redemption Fund Investments Bank A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c For the transfer of profit/loss on realisation of Debenture Redemption Fund Investments In case of Profit Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c In case of Loss Debenture Redemption Fund A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c For amount due to debentureholders on redemption Debenture A/c Dr. To Debentureholders A/c For payment to debentureholders Debentureholders A/c Dr. To Bank A/c
() b
() c
() d
() e
( f )
() g
129
() h
For transfer of Debenture Redemption Fund Account balance to General Reserve Debenture Redemption Fund A/c Dr. To General Reserve A/c
Illustration 30
X Ltd. issued Rs.10,00,000 debentures on January 01, 2000. These were to be redeemed on December 31, 2002. For this purpose, the company established a sinking fund. The investments were expected to earn interest @ 5% p.a. Sinking fund table shows that Rs.0.317208 invested annually at 5% amount to Rs.1 in 3 years. On December 31, 2002, the bank balance was Rs.4,20,000 before receipt of interest on Sinking Fund Investments. On that date, the investments were sold for Rs.6,56,000. Calculate the interest to nearest rupee and investments be made to the nearest of Rs.100. Record necessary journal entries. Show Debentures Account. Debenture Redemption Fund Account and Debenture Redemption Fund Investment Account in the books of the company.
Solution
10,00,000 10,00,000
2004 Jan.1, Bank A/c To Debentures A/c (Issue of debentures of Rs.10,00,000)
Dr.
Dec.31, Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c (Annual instalment for redemption debited to Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c) Debenture Redemption Fund Investments A/c Dr. To Bank A/c (Investment purchased) 2001 Dec.31, Bank A/c To Interest on DRFI A/c (Interest received @5% on investment )
3,17,208 3,17,208
3,17,200 3,17,200
Dr.
15,860 15,860
130

Interest on DRFI A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c (Interest on DRFI transferred to Debenture Redemption Fund) Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c (Annual instalment debited to Profit and Loss Appropriation Account) Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c Dr. To Bank A/c (Investment purchased for annual instalment plus interest) 15,860 15,860
3,17,208 3,17,208
3,33,100 3,33,100
2002 Dec.31, Bank A/c To Interest on DRFI A/c (Interest received @5% on investment) Interest on DRFI A/c To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c (Interest on DRFI transferred to Debenture Redemption Fund) Profit & Loss Appropriation A/c To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c (Annual instalment debited to Profit & Loss Appropriation Account)
Dr.
32,516 32,516
Dr.
32,516 32,516
Dr.
3,17,208 3,17,208
Bank A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c (Sale proceeds of DRFI) Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c Dr. To Debenture Redemption Fund A/c (Transfer of profit on sale of investments to Debenture Redemption Fund) Debentures A/c To Debenturesholders A/c (Debentures amount transferred to debentureholders) Dr.
6,56,000 6,56,000
5,700 5,700
10,00,000 10,00,000

Debenturesholders A/c To Bank A/c (Debentures holders paid the money) Debenture Redemption Fund A/c To General Reserve A/c (Transfer of credit balance of Debenture Redemption Fund General Reserve) Dr. 10,00,000
131
10,00,000
Dr.
10,05,700 10,05,700
Debenture Account
D. r Date
2000 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
10,00,000 10,00,000
Date
2000 Jan.01
Particulars
JF ..
C. r Amount (s) R.
10,00,000 10,00,000
Balance c/d
Bank
2001 Dec.31
Balance c/d
10,00,000 10,00,000
2001 Jan.01
Balance b/d
10,00,000 10,00,000
2002 Dec.31
Bank
10,00,000 10,00,000
2002 Jan.01
Balance b/d
10,00,000 10,00,000
Debenture Redemption Fund Account

D. r Date
2000 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
3,17,208 3,17,208
Date
2000 Jan.01
Particulars
JF ..
C. r Amount (s) R.
3,17,208 3,17,208
Balance c/d
Profit & Loss Appropriation
2001 Dec.31
Balance c/d
6,50,276
2001 Jan.01
Balance b/d Interest on DRFI Profit & Loss Appropriation
3,17,208 15,860 3,17,208 6,50,276
6,50,276
132
2002 Dec.31

2002 Jan.01
General Reserve
10,05,700
Balance b/d Interest on DRFI Profit & Loss Appropriation DRFI
6,50,276 32,516 3,17,208 5,700 10,05,700
10,05,700
Debenture Redemption Fund Investment Account

D. r Date
2000 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
3,17,200 3,17,200
Date
2000 Jan.01
Particulars
JF ..
C. r Amount (s) R.
3,17,200 3,17,200
Bank
Bank
2001 Dec.31
Balance b/d Bank
3,17,200 3,33,100 6,50,300
2001 Jan.01
Balance c/d
6,50,300 6,50,300
2002 Dec.31
Balance b/d DRF
6,50,300 5,700 6,56,000
2002 Jan.01
Bank (Sale Proceeds)
6,56,000 6,56,000
Bank Account
Date
2002 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
Date
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
10,00,000 76,000 10,76,000
Balance b/d DRF
2002 4,20,000 Dec.31 6,56,000 10,76,000
Debenture Balance c/d
2003 Jan.1
Balance b/d
76,000
Note : The annual instalment of profit to be set aside for redemption has been worked out as 0.317208 10,00,000 = Rs. 3,17,208.
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Illustration 31 The balance sheet of XYZ Ltd. disclosed the following information as on December, 31 2003. Rs. 15% debentures 15,00,000 Debenture Redemption Fund 11,63,600 Debenture Redemption Fund Investment 11,63,600 (10% Govt. Securities) The contribution to Debenture Redemption Fund was 1,30,800 p.a. for the year 2004 and 2005. Debentures are due for payment on December 31, 2005. Prepare the above accounts in the books of company assuming that securities were realised on December 31, 2005 for a sum of Rs.13,52,000 and interest on securities on December 31, was immediately invested. Solution
Debenture Account
D. r Date
2004 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
15,00,000 15,00,000
Date
2004 Jan.01
Particulars
JF ..
C. r Amount (s) R.
15,00,000 15,00,000
Balance c/d
Balance b/d
2005 Dec.31
Bank
15,00,000 15,00,000
2005 Jan.01
Balance b/d
15,00,000 15,00,000

D. r Date
2004 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
14,10,760
Date
2004 Jan.01 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
C. r Amount (s) R.
11,63,600 1,16,360 1,30,800 14,10,760
Balance c/d
Balance b/d Interest on DRFI Profit and Loss Appropration
14,10,760 2005 Dec.31 2005 Jan.01 Dec.31
Sinking Fund Investment General Reserve
58,760 16,23,876 16,82,636
Balance b/d Interest on DRFI Profit and Loss Appropriation
14,10,760 1,41,076 1,30,800 16,82,636
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D. r Date
2004 Jan.01 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
11,63,600 2,47,160* 14,10,760
Date
2004 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
C. r Amount (s) R.
14,10,760 14,10,760
Balance b/d Bank
Balance c/d
2005 Jan.01
Balance b/d
14,10,760
2005 Dec.31
Bank Debenture Redemption Reserve
13,52,000
58,760 14,10,760
14,10,760
* (Interest + Instalment = Rs. 1,16,360 + Rs. 1,30,800 = Rs. 2,47,160)
Illustration 32
LCM Ltd. purchased for cancellation its own 10,00,000, 9% Debenture of Rs.500 each at Rs.480 each. Record necessary journal entries.
Solution
Books of LCM Ltd Journal
48,00,00,000 48,00,00,000
Own Debentures A/c Dr. To Bank A/c (Purchased its own debenture @ Rs. 480 each) 9% Debenture A/c Dr. To Own Debenture To Profit on cancellation of debenture A/c (Own debenture purchased being cancelled) Profit on cancellation of debentures A/c Dr. To Capital Reserve (Profits on cancellation of debentures transferred to capital reserve)
50,00,00,000 48,00,00,000 2,00,00,000
2,00,00,000 2,00,00,000
135
Illustration 33
The following balances appeared in the books of Madhu Ltd. as on April 01, 2000: (s) R. 12% Debentures 1,50,000 Debenture Redemption Fund 1,25,000 Debenture Redemption Fund Investments 1,25,000 The Debenture Redemption Fund Investments were represented by Rs.1,30,000, 9% Govt. Securities. The annual instalment added to the fund was Rs.20,600. On 31st March, 2001, the bank balance before the receipt of interest on investments was Rs.40,000. On the date, all the investments were sold at 84% and the debentures were duly redeemed. Prepare Debentures Account, Debenture Redemption Fund Account, Debenture Redemption Fund Investment Account and Bank Account for 2000-2001. The company closes its books on March 31, every year.
Solution
Books of Madhu Ltd. Debenture Redemption Fund Account
D. r Date Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R. Date
2000 April 1 2001 Mar.31 15,800 1,41,500 1,57,300
Cr. Particulars
Balance b/d Interest on Debenture Redemption Fund Investment A/c (9% on Rs.1,30,000) Profit & Loss Appropriation
JF ..
2001 Mar.31 Debenture Redemption Fund Investment (Loss on Sale) General Reserve (Transfer)
Amount (s) R. 1,25,000
11,700 20,600 1,57,300

D. r Date Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R. Date
2000 Mar.31 1,25,000
Cr. Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R.

1,09,200 15,800
2001 April,01 Balance b/d (Face value Rs. 1,30,000)
Bank (84% of Rs. 1,30,000) Loss transferred to Debenture Redemption Fund
1,25,000
1,25,000
136
Bank Account
D. r Date Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R. Date Particulars JF .. Cr. Amount (s) R.
1,50,000 10,900
2001 Mar.31 Balance b/d Interest on Investment Debenture Redemption Fund Investment (Sales Proceeds)
2000 40,000 Mar.31 11,700 1,09,200
Debenture Balance c/d
1,60,900
1,60,900

D. r Date Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R.
1,50,000 1,50,000
Cr. Date Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R.

1,50,000 1,50,000
2001 Mar.31 Bank A/c
2000 April 31 Balance b/d
Working Notes : 1 . Interest on Debenture Redemption Fund Investments of 1,30,000 at 9% will be Rs.11,700. 2 . Investments realised at 84%. Hence, the investments of Rs.1,30,000 will realise Rs.1,09,200.
Test your Understanding - II Select the correct answer for the following multiple choice questions: 1 . Debentures which are transferable by mere delivery are: ( ) Registered debentures, a () b First debentures, () c Bearer debentures. 2 . The following journal entry appears in the books of X Co. Ltd. Bank a/c Dr. 4,75,000 Loss on issue of debenture a/c Dr. 75,000 To 12% Debentures a/c To Premium on Redemption of Debenture A/c Debentures have been issued at a discount of: (a) 15%, (b) 5%, (c) 10%.
5,00,000 50,000

3 .
137
X Co. Ltd. purchased assets worth Rs.28,80,000. It issued debentures of Rs.100 each at a discount of 4 per cent in full satisfaction of the purchase consideration. The number of debentures issued to vendor is: ( ) 30,000, a (b) 28,800, (c) 32,000. Convertible debentures cannot be issued at a discount if: ( ) They are to be immediately converted, a ( ) They are not to be immediately converted, b () None of the above. c Discount on issue of debentures is shown under the following head in the Balance Sheet: ( ) Profit & Loss Account, a ( ) Miscellaneous Expenditure, b () Debentures Account. c When debentures are issued at par and are redeemable at a premium, the loss on such an issue debited to : ( ) Profit & Loss Account, a ( ) Debentures Applications & Allotment Account, b () Loss on issue of debentures account. c Excess value of net assets over purchase consideration at the time of purchase of business is credited to : ( ) General reserve, a ( ) Capital reserve, b () Vendors account. c When all the debentures are redeemed, balance in the debentures redemption fund account is transferred to : ( ) Capital reserve, a ( ) General reserve, b () Profits and loss appropriation account. c The nominal and book values of debenture redemption fund investments account are respectively Rs.1,00,000 and Rs.96,000. The company sold investments of nominal value of Rs.30,000 at a price which was just sufficient to redeem debentures of Rs.30,000 at 10% premium, the profit on sale of investment is : (a) Rs.4,200,(b) Rs.3,000, (c) Rs. Nil. Own () a () b () c debentures are those debentures of the company which: The company allots to its own promoters, The company allots to its Director, The company purchases from the market and keeps them as investments.
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
9 .
10.
11.
Profit on cancellation of own debentures is transferred to : ( ) Profit and loss appropriation a/c, a ( ) Debenture redemption reserve, b () Capital reserve. c
138
12.

When debentures are redeemed out of profits, an equal amount is transferred to : ( ) General reserve, a ( ) Debenture redemption reserve, b () Capital reserve. c Profit on sale of debenture redemption fund investments in the first instance is credited to : ( ) Debenture redemption fund account, a ( ) Profit and loss appropriation account, b () General reserve account. c The balance of sinking fund investment account after the realisation of investments is transferred to: ( ) Profit and loss account, a ( ) Debentures account, b () Sinking fund account. c When debentures are issued at a discount and are redeemable at a premium, which of the following accounts is debited at the time of issue: ( ) Debentures account, a ( ) Premium on redemption of debentures account, b () Loss on issue of debentures account. c
13.
14.
15.
Test your Understanding III I Indicate in the column below, the account to be debited in case of the following . transactions. Transaction Account to be Debited 1 . Issue of debentures to a vendor in consideration of the business purchase. 2 . Setting aside the amount for creating sinking fund for redemption of debentures. 3 . The balance of debenture redemption reserve account after redemption of the debentures. 4 . Purchase of own debentures by the company. 5 . Writing off discount on issue of debentures. I. Indicate in the column below, the account to be credited in case of the I following transactions. Transaction Account to be Credited 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10. Debentures issued at a discount and are redeemable at par Transfer of interest on Sinking fund investments to sinking fund account Balance of DRR account after the redemption of Debentures Profit on sale of sinking fund investment account Writing off the loss on issue of debentures

Do it YourSelf 1 .
139
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
G Ltd. has 800 lakhs, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each due for redemption on March 31, 2003. Assume that Debenture Redemption Reserve has a balance of Rs. 3,40,00,00,000 on that date. Record necessary entries at the time of redemption of debenture. R Ltd. issued 88,00,000, 8 % debenture of Rs. 50 each at a premium of 5 % on July 1, 2000 redeemable at par by conversion of debenture into shares of Rs.20 each at a premium of Rs.2 per share on June 30, 2003. Record necessary entries for redemption of debenture. C Ltd. has outstanding 11,00,000, 10% debentures of Rs.200 each, on April 1, 2003. The Board of Directors have decided to purchase 20% of own debenture for cancellation at Rs.200 each. Record necessary entries for the same. Record necessary journal entries in the books of the Company in following case for redemption of 1,000, 12% Debentures of Rs.10 each issued at par: ( ) Debentures redeemed at par by conversion into 12% Preference Shares a of Rs.100 each, ( ) Debentures redeemed at a premium of 10% by conversion into Equity b Share issued at par, () Debentures redeemed at a premium of 10% by conversion into Equity c Shares issued at a premium of 25%. On 31.1.2005 Janta Ltd. converted its Rs.88,00,000, 6% debentures into equity shares of Rs.20 each at a premium of Rs.2 per share. Record necessary journal entries in the books of the company for redemption of debentures. Anirudh Ltd. has 4,000, 8% debentures of Rs.100 each due for redemption on March 31, 2005. The company has a debenture redemption reserve of Rs.1,50,000 on that date. Assuming that no interest is due record the necessary journal entries at the time of redemption of debentures.
Illustration 34
The following balances appeared in the books of a company on January 01, 2000: 12% Debentures Rs.4,00,000 12% Debentures Sinking Fund Rs.3,00,000 12% Debentures Sinking Fund Rs.3,00,000 Investment (Represented by 10% Rs.4,00,000 secured Bonds of Govt. of India) Annual contribution to the sinking fund was Rs.60,000 made on 31st December each year. On 31st December 2000, balance at bank was Rs.3,00,000 after receipt of interest on Debenture Sinking Fund Investment. The company sold the investment at a loss of 18% and the debentures were paid off. You are required to prepare the following accounts for the year 2000: ( Debentures Account, i ) () Debentures Sinking Fund Account, i i (i) Debentures Sinking Fund Investment Account, ii (v Bank Account. i)
140
Solution
D. r Date
2000 Dec.31
C. r Particulars
Bank
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
4,00,000 4,00,000
Date
2000 Jan.01
Particulars
Balance b/d
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
4,00,000 4,00,000
12% Debenture Sinking Fund Account

D. r Date
2000 Dec.31
C. r Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R.

4,28,000
Date
2000 Jan.01 Dec.31 Dec.31
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
3,00,000 60,000 40,000
General Reserve
Dec.31
Balance b/d Profit and Loss Appropriation Interest on Debenture Sinking Fund Investment A/c Debenture Fund Investment A/c
28,000
4,28,000
4,28,000
12% Debenture Sinking Fund Investment Account

D. r Date
2000 Jan.01 Dec.31
C. r Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R. Date Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R.

3,28,000
Balance b/d Profit transferred to Debenture Sinking Fund
2000 3,00,000 Dec.31 28,000
Bank
3,28,000
3,28,000
141
Bank
D. r Date
2000 Jan.1
Account
C. r Date Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R.
4,00,000 2,28,000
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
Dec.31
Balance b/d (The balance of Rs.3,00,000 includes Rs.40,000, interest @ 10% on Rs.4,00,000 (10% Rs. 4,00,000 Secured Bonds of Govt. of India) 12% Debentures Sinking Fund Investment
2000 3,00,000 Dec.31
12% Debentures Balance c/d
3,28,000
6,28,000
6,28,000
Illustration 35
The following balances stood as on 31.3.2003 in the books of a Company: 12% Debentures Rs.10,00,000 Debenture Redemption Fund Rs.10,00,360 Debenture Redemption Fund Investments represented by: Rs. 4,00,000 9% Loan Rs.3,80,000 Rs. 7,00,000 8% Govt. Paper Rs.6,20,360 On the above date, the investments were sold as follows: 9% loan at par, and 8% Govt. Paper at 90% of nominal value. The Debentures were also redeemed accordingly. Show the necessary ledger accounts.
Solution
D. r Date
31.3.2003
C. r Particulars
Bank
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
10,00,000
Date
Particulars
Balance b/d
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
10,00,000 10,00,000
10,00,000 31.3.2003
142

D. r Date
31.3.2003
C. r Particulars
General Reserve
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
Date
Particulars
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
10,00,360 29,640
10,30,000 31.3.2003 balance b/d Debenture Redemption Fund Investment 10,30,000
10,30,000

D. r Date
31.3.2003
C. r Particulars
Balance b/d 9% Loan 8% Govt.Paper Debenture Redemption Fund
JF ..
Amount (s) R.
Date
Particulars
JF ..
31.3.2003 Bank (9% Loan ) 3,80,000 31.3.2003 Bank 6,20,360 (8% Govt.Paper) 29,640
Amount (s) R. 4,00,000 6,30,000
10,30,000
10,30,000
Bank Account
D. r Date Particulars
To Debenture Redemption Fund Investment: 9% Loan 8% Govt. Paper 4,00,000 6,30,000 10,30,000 10,30,000
C. r JF .. Amount (s) R. Date Particulars JF .. Amount (s) R. 10,00,000

30,000
31.3.2003 By 12% Debentures 31.3.2003 By Balance c/d
The Bank Balance has not been given.
143
Terms Introduced in the Chapter

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Debenture Bond Mortgaged Debenture Perpetual Debenture Zero Coupon Rate Debenture Specific Coupon Rate Debenture Registered Debenture Bearer Debenture Charge Fixed Charge Floating Charge First Charge Maturity Date 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Principal Discount/Loss on Issue of Debenture Purchase Consideration Redemption of Debenture Draw by Lots Own Debenture Redemption out of Capital Redemption out of Profits Redemption of Convertible Debenture Debentures Sinking Fund Collateral Security Second Charge Purchase of Debenture from Open Market
Summary
Debenture:Debenture is the acknowledgements of debt. It is a loan capital raised by the company from general public. A person/holder of such a written acknowledgement is called debenture holder. Bond: Bond is similar to debenture in terms of contents and texture. The only difference is with respect of issue condition, i.e bonds can be issued without predetermined rate of interest as is in case of deep discount bonds. Charge: Charge is an incumbrance to meet the obligation under trust deed under which company agrees to mortgage specific portion either by way of first or second charge. First charge implies the priority in repayment of loan. Those who hold first charge against any specific assets will realise their claim from the net realisable value of such assets. Any amount of surplus from assets given under first charge will be utilised for setting the claims for second chargeholder. Types of Debenture: Debentures are of various types such as: secured and unsecured debentures redeemable and perpetual debentures, convertible and non-convertible debentures, zero coupon rate and specific rate, registered and bearer debentures. Issue of Debenture: Debenture are said to be issued at par when the amount to be collected on them is equal to their nominal or face value. If the issue price is more than nominal or face value, it is said to be issued at a premium. If the issue price is less than the nominal or face value, it is said to be issued on discount. The amount received as premium is credited to securities premium account whereas amount of discount allowed is debited to loss/discount on issue and is written-off over the years. Issue of Debenture other than Cash: Sometimes debenture can be issued to vendor or suppliers of patents, copyrights and for transfer of intellectual property rights on preferential basis without receiving money in cash.
144
Purchase Consideration: Purchase consideration is amount paid by purchasing company in consideration for purchase of assets/business firm, another enterprise/vendor. Collateral Security: Any security in addition to primary security is called collateral security. Redemption of Debenture: Means discharge of liability on account of debenture/bond by repayment made to debenture holders. Normally, the redemption takes place on the expiry of period for which they have been issued, depending upon the terms and conditions of issue.
Question for Practice

Short Answer Questions
1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. What is meant by a Debenture? What does a Bearer Debenture mean? State the meaning of Debentures issued as a Collateral Security. What is meant by Issue of debentures for Consideration other than Cash? What is meant by Issue of debenture at discount and redeemable at premium? What is Capital Reserve? What is meant by a Irredeemable Debenture? What is a Convertible Debenture? What is meant by Mortgaged Debentures? What is discount on issue of debentures? What is meant by Premium on Redemption of Debentures? How debentures are different from shares? Give two points. Name the head under which discount on issue of debentures appears in the Balance Sheet of a company. What is meant by redemption of debentures? Can the company purchase its own debentures? What is meant by redemption of debentures by conversion? How would you deal with Premium on Redemption of Debentures? What is meant by Redemption out of Capital? What is meant by redemption of debentures by Purchase in the Open Market? Under which head is the Debenture Redemption Reserve shown in the Balance Sheet. What is meant by a debenture? Explain the different types of debentures? Distinguish between a debenture and a share. Why debenture is known as loan capital? Explain. Describe the meaning of Debenture Issued as Collateral Securities. What accounting treatment is given to the issue of debentures in the books of accounts?
Long Answer Questions

1 . 2 . 3 .

4 .
145
How is Discount on Issue of Debentures treated in the books of accounts? How will you deal with the discount in issue of debentures when the debentures are to be redeemed in instalments? Explain the different terms for the issue of debentures with reference to their redemption. Differentiate between redemption of debentures out of capital and out of profits. Explain the guidelines of SEBI for creating Debenture Redemption Reserve. Describe the steps for creating Sinking Fund for redemption of debentures. Can a company purchase its own debentures in the open market? Explain. What is meant by conversion of debentures? Describe the method of such a conversion.
5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10.
Numerical Questions
1 . G.Ltd. issued 75,00,000, 6% Debenture of Rs.50 each at par payable Rs.15 on application and Rs.35 on allotment, redeemable at par after 7 years from the date of issue of debenture. Record necessary entries in the books of Company. Y.Ltd. issued 2,000, 6% Debentures of Rs.100 each payable as follows: Rs.25 on application; Rs.50 on allotment and Rs.25 on First and Final call. A.Ltd. issued 10,000, 10% Debentures of Rs.100 each at a premium of 5% payable as follows: Rs.10 on Application; Rs.20 along with premium on allotment and balance on First and Final call. Record necessary Journal Entries. A. Ltd. issued 90,00,000, 9% Debenture of Rs.50 each at a discount of 8%, redeemable at par any time after 9 years. Record necessary entries in the books of A. Ltd. A.Ltd. issued 4,000, 9% Debentures of Rs.100 each on the following terms: Rs.20 on Application; Rs.20 on Allotment; Rs.30 on First call; and Rs.30 on Final call. The public applied for 4,800 Debentures. Applications for 3,600 Debentures were accepted in full. Applications for 800 Debentures were allotted 400 Debentures and applications for 400 Debentures were rejected. T. Ltd. offered 2,00,000, 8% Debenture of Rs.500 each on June 30, 2002 at a premium of 10% payable as Rs.200 on application (including premium) and balance on allotment, redeemable at par after 8 years. But application are received for 3,00,000 debenture and the allotment is made on pro-rata basis. All the money due on application and allotment is received. Record necessary entries regarding issue of debenture.
2 . 3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
146
7 .

X.Ltd. invites application for the issue of 10,000, 14% debentures of Rs.100 each payable as to Rs.20 on application, Rs.60 on allotment and the balance on call. The company receives applications for 13,500 debentures, out of which applications for 8,000 debentures are allotted in full, 5,000 only 40% and the remaining rejected. The surplus money on partially allotted applications is utilised towards allotment. All the sums due are duly received. R.Ltd. offered 20,00,000, 10% Debenture of Rs.200 each at a discount of 7% redeemable at premium of 8% after 9 years. Record necessary entries in the books of R. Ltd. M.Ltd. took over assets of Rs.9,00,00,000 and liabilities of Rs.70,00,000 of S.Ltd. and issued 8%Debenture of Rs.100 each. Record necessary entries in the books of M. Ltd. B.Ltd. purchased assets of the book value of Rs.4,00,000 and took over the liability of Rs.50,000 from Mohan Bros. It was agreed that the purchase consideration, settled at Rs,3,80,000, be paid by issuing debentures of Rs.100 each. What Journal entries will be made in the following three cases, if debentures are issued: (a) at par; (b) at discount; (c) at premium of 10%? It was agreed that any fraction of debentures be paid in cash.
8 .
9 .
10.
11.
X.Ltd. purchased a Machinery from Y for an agreed purchase consideration of Rs.4,40,000 to be satisfied by the issue of 12% debentures of Rs.100 each at a premium of Rs.10 per debenture. Journalise the transactions. X.Ltd. issued 15,000, 10% debentures of Rs.100 each. Give journal entries and the Balance Sheet in each of the following cases: ( i ) (i i) (i) ii (v i) The debentures are issued at a premium of 10%; The debentures are issued at a discount of 5%; The debentures are issued as a collateral security to bank against a loan of Rs.12,00,000; and The debentures are issued to a supplier of machinery costing Rs.13,50,000.
12.
13.
Journalise the following: ( i ) A debenture issued at Rs.95, repayable at Rs.100; (i i) A debenture issued at Rs.95, repayable at Rs.105; and (i) A debenture issued at Rs.100, repayable at Rs.105; ii The face value of debenture in each of the above cases is Rs.100. A.Ltd. issued 50,00,000, 8% Debenture of Rs.100 at a discount of 6% on April 01, 2000 redeemable at premium of 4% by draw of lots as under: 20,00,000 Debentures on March, 2002 10,00,000 Debentures on March, 2004 20,00,000 Debentures on March, 2005 Compute the amount of discount to be written-off in each year till debentures are paid. Also prepare discount/loss on issue of debenture account. A company issues the following debentures:
14.
15.

( i ) (i i) (i) ii (v i) () v
147
10,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each at par but redeemable at premium of 5% after 5 years; 10,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each at a discount of 10% but redeemable at par after 5 years; 5,000, 12% debentures of Rs.1000 each at a premium of 5% but redeemable at par after 5 years; 1,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each issued to a supplier of machinery costing Rs.95,000. The debentures are repayable after 5 years; and 300, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each as a collateral security to a bank which has advanced a loan of Rs.25,000 to the company for a period of 5 years. Pass the journal entries to record the: (a) issue of debentures; and (b) repayment of debentures after the given period.
16.
A company issued debentures of the face value of Rs,5,00,000 at a discount of 6% on January 01, 2001. These debentures are redeemable by annual drawings of Rs,1,00,000 made on December 31 each year. The directors decided to write off discount based on the debentures outstanding each year. Calculate the amount of discount to be written-off each year. Give journal entries also.
17.
A company issued 10% Debentures of the face value of Rs,1,20,000 at a discount of 6% on January 01, 2001. The debentures are payable by annual drawings of Rs.40,000 commencing from the end of third year. How will you deal with discount on debentures? Show the discount on debentures account in the company ledger for the period of duration of debentures. Assume accounts are closed on December 31.
18.
B.Ltd. issued debentures at 94% for Rs.4,00,000 on April 01, 2000 repayable by five equal drawings of Rs.80,000 each. The company prepares its final accounts on December 31 every year. Indicate the amount of discount to be written-off every accounting year assuming that the company decides to write off the debentures discount during the life of debentures. (Amount to be written-off: 2000 Rs.6,000; 2001 Rs.6,800; 2002 Rs.5,200; 2003 Rs.3,600; 2004 Rs.2,000; 2005 Rs.400).
19.
B. Ltd. issued 1,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each on January 01, 2005 at a discount of 5% redeemable at a premium of 10%. Give journal entries relating to the issue of debentures and debentures interest for the period ending December 31, 2005 assuming that interest is paid half yearly on June 30 and December 31 and tax deducted at source is 10%. B.Ltd. follows calendar year as its accounting year.
20.
What journal entries will be made in the following cases when company redeems debentures at the expiry of period by serving the notice: (a) when debentures were issued at par with a condition to redeem them at premium; (b) when debentures were issued at premium with a condition to redeem that at par; and (c) when debentures were issued at discount with a condition to redeem them at premium?
148
21.

On January 01, 1998, X. Ltd. issues 5,000, 8% Debentures of Rs.100 each repayable at par at the end of three years. It has been decided to set up a cumulative sinking fund for the purpose of their redemption. The investments are expected to realise 4% net. The Sinking Fund Table shows that Rs.0.320348 amounts to one rupee @4% per annum in three years. On December 31, 2000 the balance at bank was Rs.2,42,360 and the investments realised Rs.3,25,000. The debentures were paid of f. Give journal entries and show ledger account. [Ans. Loss on Sale of Investments Rs.2,246].
22.
On January 01, 2003 a company issued 15% debentures of Rs.10,00,000 at par. The debentures were redeemable at par after three years on December 31, 2003. A sinking fund was set up to raise funds for redemption of debentures. The amount for the purpose was invested in 6% Government securities of Rs.100 each available at par. The sinking fund table shows that if investments earn 6% per annum, to get Re.1 at the end of 3 years, one has to invest Rs.0.31411 every year together with interest that will be earned. On December 31, 2005, all the Government securities were sold at a total loss of Rs. 6,000 and the debentures were redeemed at par. Prepare Debentures Account Sinking Fund Account, Sinking Fund Investment Account and Interest on Sinking Fund Investment Company closes its books of accounts every year on December 31.
23.
On January 01, 2004 the following balances appeared in the books of Z. Ltd.: Rs. 6% Debentures 1,00,000 Debentures Redemption Reserve Fund 80,000 D.R. Reserve Fund Investments 80,000 The investments consisted of 4% Government securities of the face value of Rs.90,000. The annual instalment was Rs.16,400. On December 31, 2004, the balance at Bank was Rs.26,000 (after receipt of interest on D.R.Reserve Fund Investment). Investments were realised at 92% and the Debentures were redeemed. The interest for the year had already been paid. Show the ledger accounts affecting redemption. [Ans. Profit on Sale of Investment Rs. 2,800]
24.
The following balances appeared in the books of A.Ltd. on January 01, 2004 Rs. 12% Debentures 4,00,000 Debentures Redemption Fund 3,60,000 Debentures Redemption Fund Investment 3,60,000 Securities Premium 30,000 Bank Balance 1,00,000 On January 01, 2004, the company redeemed all the debentures at 105 per cent out of funds raised by selling all the investments at Rs.3,48,000. Prepare the necessary ledger accounts.

25.
149
The following balances appeared in the books of Z.Ltd. on January 01, 2004 Rs. 12% Debentures 1,50,000 Debentures Redemption Fund 1,25,000 Debentures Redemption Fund Investment 1,25,000 (Represented by Rs.1,47,500, 3% Govt. Securities 1,25,000 The annual instalment added to the fund is Rs.20,575. On December 31, 2004, the bank balance after the receipt of interest on the investment was Rs.39,100. On that date, all the investments were sold at 83 per cent and the debentures were duly redeemed. Show the necessary ledger accounts for the year 2004. [Ans. Loss on Sale Rs.2,575]
26.
What entries for the redemption of debentures will be done when : (a) debentures are redeemed by annual drawings out of profits; (b) debentures are redeemed by drawing a lot out of capital; and (c) debentures are redeemed by purchasing them in the open market when sinking fund for the redemption of debentures is not maintained (i) when out of profit, and (ii) when out of capital? A. Ltd. Company issued Rs,5,00,000 Debentures at a discount of 5% repayable at par by annual drawings of Rs.1,00,000. Make the necessary ledger accounts in the books of the company for the first year.
27.
28.
X.Ltd. issued 5,000, 15% debentures of Rs.100 each on January 01, 2004 at a discount of 10%, redeemable at a premium of 10% in equal annual drawings in 4 years out of capital. Give journal entries both at the time of issue and redemption of debentures. (Ignore the treatment of loss on issue of debentures and interest.)
29.
Z.Ltd. issued 2,000, 14% debentures of Rs.100 each on January 01, 2005 at a discount of 10%, redeemable at a premium of 10% in equal annual drawings in 4 years out of profits. Give journal entries both at the time of issue and redemption of debentures. (Ignore the treatment of loss on issue of debentures and interest.)
30. 31.
A.Ltd. purchased its own debentures of the face value of Rs.2,00,000 from the open market for immediate cancellation at Rs.92. Pass the journal entries. A.Ltd. purchased for cancellation Rs.50,000 of its 15% debentures at Rs.98. The expenses of purchase amounted to Rs.50. On January 01, 2002, X.Ltd. issued 40,000, 9% debentures of Rs.100 each at Rs.95. The terms of issue provided that, beginning with 1999, Rs.2,00,000 debentures should be redeemed either by drawings at par or by purchase in the open market every year. The expenses of issue amounted to Rs.12,000 which were written-off in 2002. The company also wrote off Rs.40,000 every year from Discount on Debentures
150

Account. At the end of 2004, debentures to be redeemed were repaid by drawings. During 2005, the company purchased for cancellation 2,000 debentures at the market price of Rs.98 on December 31, the expenses being Rs.400. Interest on debentures is payable at the end of every calendar year. Pass the journal entries in the books of the company to record these transactions.
32. 33.
A.Ltd. redeemed 8,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each which were issued at a discount of 5%, by converting them into equity shares of Rs.10 each at par. Y.Ltd. redeemed 4,800, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each which were issued at par, at 110 per cent by converting them into equity shares of Rs.10 each issued at a discount of 4%. Journalise. Z.Ltd. redeemed 2,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each which were issued at a discount of 5%, by converting them into equity shares of Rs.10 each issued at a premium of 25%. Journalise. X.Ltd. redeemed 1,000, 12% debentures of Rs.50 each by converting them into 15% New Debentures of Rs.100 each. Journalise.
34.
35.
Answers to Test your Understanding

Test your Understanding I 1. True, 2. False, 3. True, 4. False, 5. True, 9. True, 10. False, 11. False, 12. False. Test your Understanding II
1 (c), 2 (b), 3 (a), 4 (a), 5 (b), 6 (c), 7 (b), 8 (b), 9 (a), 10 (c), 11 (c), 12 (b), 13 (a), 14 (c), 15 (c).
6. True,
7. False,
8. False,
Test your Understanding III ( Vendors Account, (2)Profit & Loss Appropriation Account, (3)Debenture I ) Redemption Reserve Account, (4) Own Debentures Account, (5)Profit & Loss Account. (I (1) Debenture Account, (2) Sinking Fund Account, (3) General Reserve Account, I) (4) Debenture Redemption Reserve Account, (5) Loss on Issue of Debentures Account.

Accounts - Company 2

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Accounts - Company 2

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Issue and Redemption of Debentures

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements

Issue and Redemption of Debentures

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements

Zero Specific coupon rate rate

Fully convertible debenture

Partly convertible debenture

Issue and Redemption of Debentures

2.4.1 Issue of Debentures for Cash

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements

Credit Amount (s) R.

Balance Sheet of ABC Limited as on

2.4.2 Issue of Debentures at a Discount

Issue and Redemption of Debentures

Credit Amount (s) R.

5,50,000 50,000 6,00,000

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements

Balance Sheet of TV Component Ltd. as on

* Relevant data only.

2.4.3 Debentures issued at Premium

Credit Amount (s) R.

Bank A/c To 10% Debenture Application A/c

Issue and Redemption of Debentures

Balance Sheet of XYZ Industries Ltd. as on

Amount Assets (s) R.

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements

2,25,000 1,75,000 50,000

Balance Sheet of A Limited as on

Amount Assets (s) R.

* Relevant data only.

Issue and Redemption of Debentures

Credit Amount (s) R.

(Amount due on allotment on 10,000 debentures)

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements

Debenture Application A/c To Debenture Allotment A/c

Issue of Debentures for Consideration other than Cash

2. On issue of debentures (a) At Par

Issue and Redemption of Debentures

Credit Amount (s) R.

Credit Amount (s) R.

Sundry Assets A/c To Vendors (Assets purchased from vendors)

2,20,000 2,00,000 20,000

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements

Credit Amount (s) R.

Sundry Assets A/c To Vendors (Assets purchased from vendors)

1,90,000 10,000 2,00,000

Credit Amount (s) R.

Issue and Redemption of Debentures

99,000 90,000 9,000

Credit Amount (s) R.

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements

To 8% Debentures A/c (The issue of 18,000, 8% debentures of Rs. 100 each)

Credit Amount (s) R.

3,15,000 3,00,000 15,000

Issue and Redemption of Debentures

Credit Amount (s) R.

2,70,000 2,25,000 45,000

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements

Credit Amount (s) R.

1,98,000 22,000 2,20,000

Issue and Redemption of Debentures

Issue of Debentures as a Collateral Security

Accountancy : Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements