OTBM

UPPER EXTREMITIES

SENARAIKAN 5 ARTIKULASI PADA SENDI BAHU Glenohumoral joints Sternoclavicular joints Acromiclavicular joints Coracoclavicular joints Scapulathoracic joints

CIRI2 PADA ARTIKULASI GLENOHUMERAL

Articulation of the head of humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula It is movable joint,can do many types of movements The head of humerus is 3-4x area of the glenoid fossa Mobility is high and stability is low Glenoid labrum-is a deppen fossa and add stability Ligaments superior,inferior and middle glenohumeral ligaments and coracohumeral ligaments Rotator cuff-supraspinatus,infraspinatus ,teres minor and subscapularis It will be more stable if do abduction and laterally rotation.

3 ARTIKULASI PADA SENDI SIKU

Humeraradial joint Humeraulnar joint Proximal radioulnar joint

PERGERAKAN PADA SENDI PERGELANGAN TANGAN Circumduction Ulnar deviation Redial deviation Extension Flefion

PERGERAKAN FLEXION PADA BAHU

Agonist-anterior deltoid,pectoralis major Antagonist-posterior deltoid,lattisumus dorsi

PERGERAKAN ABDUCTION PADA SENDI BAHU Agonist-medial deltoid,supraspinatus Antagonist-deltoid

PERGERAKAN EXTENSION PADA SENDI SIKU Agonist-triceps brachii antagonist-biceps brachaii

INJURIES AT SHOULDERS
Dislocation -loose of the structure of the glenohumeral joint and dislocation of the joints 2.Rotator cuff damage -rotator cuff impigment syndrome is caused by progressive depression on rotator cuff muscles 3.Rotational injuries -tear of labrum.rotator cuff and biceps brachii tendons are repatedly and forcefully rotation serving tennis 4.Subscapular neuropathy -subscapular nerve palsi is due to compression of the scapular nerve

INJURIES AT ELBOW
Fracture of elbow -fracture of the radial after occurred over the head of radial and associated with elbow dislocation 2.Chronic elbow injuries-is caused by inflammation,repeat injuries and post trauma

INJURIES AT WRIST AND HAND

Sprains -fall from a greater height resulted to fractured of wrist which mostly fracture at distal radial. 2.Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) -numbness and pain at median nerve and clumsiness of the finger function 3.Metacarpal fracture and mallet -injuries at the distal IP joints which occurred to football receiver and basketball catcher.