TRNG PH THNG DTNT TNH BNH THUN NI DUNG N TP HC K I (nm hc 2010 2011) Mn: Vt l - khi 11 Chng I.

Tnh in hc

Kin thc :

1. Pht biu c nh lut bo ton in tch.

2. Pht biu v vit biu thc nh lut Cu-lng . 3. Nu c khi nim v in trng, tnh cht c bn ca in trng; khi nim v c im ca in trng u; 4. Pht biu c nh ngha cng in trng. K nng : 1. Vn dng c nh lut Cu-lng v tng tc tnh in; 2. Vn dng c c c im ca vector cng in trng do in tch im gy ra ti v tr M trong in trng v nguyn l chng cht in trng. 3.Vn dng biu thc tnh lc in trng tc dng ln in tch im Chng II. Dng in khng i Kin thc : 1.Nu c khi nim v dng in, dng in khng i l g. 2.Pht biu v vit biu thc ca nh lut Ohm cho ton mch, nh lut Joule - Lenz K nng : 1. Vn dng c h thc I =

E
R N +r

hoc U = E Ir gii cc bi tp i vi ton mch.

Chng III. Kin thc :

2. Vn dng c cng thc Ang = EIt v Png = EI. 3. Tnh c hiu sut ca ngun in. 4.Xc nh c cng sut tiu th mch ngoi, cng sut tiu th cc thit b in. Dng in trong cc mi trng 1. Trnh by c bn cht ca dng in trong kim loi, trong cht in phn, trong cht kh

2. Pht biu v vit biu thc cc nh lut Faraday. K nng : Vn dng nh lut Fa-ra-y v nh lut Ohm cho ton mch gii c cc bi tp c bn v mch in. CC BI TP C BN DNG 1: TNG TC IN NGUYN L CHNG CHT LC IN Bi 1: Hai in tch im bng nhau, t cch nhau mt khong r 1= 2cm trong chn khng th lc y gia chng l F = 1,6.10-4N. a. Tnh ln ca cc in tch . b. Xc nh khong cch r2 gia hai in tch trn lc tng tc gia chng l 2,5.10-4N. Bi 2: Hai in tch im q1 v q2 t cch nhau mt khong r = 30cm trong khng kh th lc tng tc gia F chng l F1. Nu t chng trong du v gi nguyn khong cch gia chng th lc tng tc lc ny l F2 = 1 2.25 . Vy cn dch chng li mt khong l bao nhiu lc tng tc gia chng trong trng hp hai in tch t trong du c gi tr l F1? Bi 3: Hai in in tch im t cch nhau 1m trong khng kh th y nhau mt lc l F = 1,8N. ln tng cng ca hai in tch l 3.10-5C. Tnh ln ca mi in tch. Bi 4: Cho hai qu cu nh tch in bng nhau nhng tri du, t ti hai im A v B cch nhau 4cm trong chn khng. Lc tng tc tnh in c ln l F1 = 8,1.10-4N. 1. Xc nh ln in tch ca cc qu cu; 2. Cho hai qu cu trn nhng vo du c hng s in mi = 4. Mun lc tng tc tnh in F2 c ln bng F1th khong cch gia hai qu cu thay i th no.
DNG 2: CN BNG CA IN TCH IM DI TC DNG CA H LC

Bi 1: Ngi ta treo hai qu cu nh c khi lng bng nhau m = 0,01g bng si dy c chiu di l= 0,5m (c khi lng khng ng k). Khi hai qu cu nhim in bng nhau v ln v cng du th chng y nhau v cch nhau mt on r = 6cm. Ly g = 9,8m/s2. Tnh in tch ca mi qu cu.

Bi 2: Hai in tch im q1 = 2.10-8C v q2 = -8.10-8C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau 12cm trong khng kh. t mt in tch q3 > 0 ti v tr C th in tch q3 ng yn. Tm v tr C. Bi 3: Hai qu cu kim loi nh ging ht nhau c treo vo mt im bi hai si dy c cng chiu di l = 20cm. Truyn cho hai qu cu mt in tch tng cng Q = 8.10 -7C, chng y nhau v hp vi nhau mt gc 2a = 90o. Ly g = 10m/s2. Tnh khi lng ca mi qu cu. Bi 4:Hai qu cu nh c cng khi lng m = 0,6g c treo trong khng kh bng hai si dy nh cng chiu di l = 50cm vo cng mt im. Khi hai qu cu nhim in ging nhau, th chng y nhau v cch nhau mt on r =6cm. 1. Tnh in tch ca mi qu cu. 2. Nhng h thng vo ru etylic (c = 27), tnh khong cch r gia hai qu cu trong trng hp ny. B qua lc y Acsimet. DNG 3: IN TRNG DO IN TCH IM GY RA.
LC IN TRNG TC DNG LN IN TCH IM TRONG IN TRNG

Bi 1: Qu cu nh mang in tch q = 10-5C t trong chn khng. 1.Tnh cng in trng do in tch q gy ra ti M cch tm O ca qu cu l R = 10cm. 2. Xc nh lc in trng do qu cu tch in tc dng ln in tch im q = - 10 -7C t ti M. Suy ra lc in tc dng ln in tch q. Bi 2: Mt ht bi c khi lng 2.10-6kg c tch in 3C. Xc nh in trng cn thit ht bi c th bay l lng trong khng kh. Ly g = 10m/s2. Bi 3: Mt in tch im q = 10-6C t trong khng kh. 1. Xc nh cng in trng do in tch im q gy ra ti im cch in tch 30cm. 2. t in tch trong cht lng c hng s in mi = 16. Ti im c cng in trng nh cu 1, th im cch in tch mt on bao nhiu? DNG 4: P DNG NGUYN L CHNG CHT IN TRNG Bi 1: Ba im A,B,C trong khng kh lp thnh tam gic vung ti A, bit AB = 4cm, AC = 3cm. Cc in tch q 1 v q2 c t ti A v B c gi tr tng ng l q1= 3,6.10-9C. Vector cng in trng tng hp do q1 v q2 gy ra ti C c phng song song vi AB. 1.Xc nh cng in trng tng hp E C do q1 v q2 gy ra ti C. Bi 2: Cho hai in tch im q1 = 4.10-10C v q2 = -4.10-10C ti hai im A v B trong khng kh cch nhau mt on l AB = a = 2cm. 1. Xc nh vector cng in trng tng hp do hai in tch im trn gy ra ti im H l trung im ca AB. 2. Xc nh vector cng in trng tng hp do hai in tch im trn gy ra ti im M cch A mt khong 1cm v cch B mt khong l 3cm. 3. Xc nh vector cng in trng tng hp do hai in tch im trn gy ra ti im N, bit rng ba im A,B, N to thnh mt tam gic u. Bi 3: Hai in tch im q1 = 8.10-8C v q2 = - 8.10-8C t ti hai im A v B trong khng kh cch nhau mt on 4cm. Tm vector cng in trng ti im C nm trn ng trung trc ca AB v cch AB mt on 2cm, suy ra lc in trng tc dng ln in tch q3 = 2.10-9C t ti C. Bi 4: Hai in tch im q1 = - 10-8C v q2 = 10-8C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau 6cm trong khng kh. Xc nh vector cng in trng tng hp do hai in tch im trn gy ra ti im M nm trn ng trung trc ca on AB v cch AB l 4cm. Bi 5: Hai in tch im q1 = 4.10-8C v q2 = - 4.10-8C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau 4cm trong khng kh. 1. Xc nh vector cng in trng ti im C l trung im ca on AB. 2. Xc nh vector cng in trng ti im M cch u A v B nhng on l 4cm. Cu 6: Hai in tch im q1 = 2.10-8C v q2 = - 2.10-8C t ti hai im A v B trong khng kh th ht nhau mt lc c ln l F = 10-3N. 1.Tnh khong cch gia A v B. 2. Xc nh vector cng in trng tng hp do hai in tch im q1 v q2 gy ra ti im C cch u A v B nhng khong 3 2 cm. Cu 7: Ti ba im ABC trong chn khng to thnh mt tam gic vung ti A, vi chiu di cc cnh gc vung l AB = 3cm, AC = 4cm, ta t cc in tch im q 1 v q2. Bit rng q1 = -3,6.10-9C, v vector cng in

trng tng hp E C , do q1 v q2 gy ra ti C cng phng AB, xc nh in tch q2 v cng in trng tng hp ti C. DNG 5: IN TRNG TNG HP TRIT TIU. IN TCH CN BNG TRONG IN TRNG Bi 1: Ti hai im A v B cch nhau 8cm trong khng kh t hai in tch q1 = q2= 25.10-8C. 1. Xc nh vector cng in trng ti im C nm trn ng trung trc ca on AB v cch AB l 3cm. 2. Xc nh im M vector cng in trng tng hp ti M do hai in tch im q 1, q2 gy ta bng khng. 3. t ti C mt in tch q3 = 5.10-8C, xc nh vector lc in trng tc dng ln in tch im q3. 4. lc in trng tc dng ln in tch q3 bng khng th phi t in tch q4 c du v ln l bao nhiu? Bit rng in tch q4 t ti trung im ca AB. Bi 2: Hai in tch im q1 = 2.10-8C v q2= 5.10-9C t c nh ti hai im A v B trong khng kh cch nhau 6cm. 1. Xc nh vector cng in trng ti im C l trung im ca AB. 2. Xc nh v tr im M khi t ti M in tch q3= 2.10-8C th lc in trng tc dng ln n bng khng. Bi 3: Cho ba in tch im q1 = q2= q3 = 10-8C t ti ba im A,B, C ca mt tam gic u c cnh a=5cm . 1. Xc nh lc tnh in do q1 v q2 tc dng ln q3. 2. Phi t vo trung im M ca AB mt in tch q4 c du nh th no v ln l bao nhiu lc in tng hp do q1, q2 v q4 tc dng ln q3 bng khng? Bi 4: Mt qu cu nh c khi lng m = 0,25g mang in tch q = 2,5.10-9C c treo bi si dy mnh, khng dn t trong mt in trng u c vector cng in trng E c phng nm ngang v c ln E = 106V/m. Tnh gc lch ca dy treo so vi phng thng ng. Bi 5: Mt qu cu nh c khi lng m = 0,1g mang in tch q = 10-8C c treo bi mt dy mnh khng dn, c khi lng khng ng k, h thng t trong t trng u c cc ng sc nm ngang. Khi qu cu trng thi cn bng th dy hp vi phng thng ng mt gc a = 45o. Ly g=10m/s2. 1. Tnh ln ca cng in trng; 2. Tm ln ca lc cng dy. PHN II NHNG NH LUTC BN CA DNG IN KHNG I DNG 6: Xc nh dng in trong mt on mch. Tnh hiu in th da vo tnh cht cng ca in th. Bi 1: Mt dy kim loi c cc electron t do chy qua v to thnh dng in khng i, bit rng trong thi gian 10s c in lng 9,6C chy qua. 1. Tnh cng dng in chy qua dy dn; 2. Tnh s electron i qua tit din ca dy trong thi gian 1 pht. Bi 2: Mt dng in khng i c cng I = 4,8A chy qua mt dy kim loi tit din thng 1cm2. Tnh s electron qua tit din thng ca dy trong thi gian 30s. Bi 3: Trong khong thi gian 10s, dng in qua dy dn tng u t 1A n 4A. Tnh cng dng in trung bnh v in lng qua tit din trong thi gian trn. Bi 4: Ngi ta cn lm mt in tr 100 bng mt dy nicrom c ng knh 0,4mm. 1. Hi phi dng mt on dy di bao nhiu, bit rng in tr sut ca nicrom l 1,1.10-6m. 2. Khi c mt dng in 0,1A chy qua th in tr , hiu in th hai u in tr c gi tr l bao nhiu? Bi 5: Hy xc nh in tr ca mt bin tr lm bng dy nikelin cun thnh 300 vng quanh mt li s hnh tr. Bit rng ng knh ca li s l 4cm v ng knh ca dy nikelin l 1mm. Bit in tr sut ca nikelin l 4.107 m. DNG 7: TNH IN TR TNG NG CA ON MCH Bi 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v: R2 R3 R1 = 12; R2 = 15; R3 = 5. Cng dng in qua mch chnh l 2A. B R1 1. Tnh in tr tng ng ca mch in. A 2. Tm cng dng in qua tng in tr. Bi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v: R2 R3 B A Bit UAB = 18V, cng dng in qua in tr R2 l 2A. R1 1. Tm gi tr R1, bit rng R2 = 6, R3 = 2.

2.Tm gi tr R3 bit rng R1 = 6, R2 = 3. Bi 3: Gia hai u AB ca mt mch in c ba in tr R1 = 4, R2 = 5,R3= 20 mc song song vi nhau. 1. Tm in tr tng ng ca ba in tr . 2. Tm cng dng in qua mi in tr v hiu in th hai u on mch, bit cng dng in qua mch chnh l 5A. R1 R2 Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v, bit: R1 = 2, R2 = 3, R3 = 4, R4 = 6. C Hai u on mch ta duy tr hiu in th UAB = 18V. R3 R4 1. Tnh in tr tng ng RAB ca on mch; 2. Tm cng dng in qua mch chnh v hiu in th hai u A B mi in tr. Bi 5: Cho on mch nh hnh v: R1 = 36, R2 = 12, R3 =20, R4 = 3. Hai u AB ta duy tr hiu in th U = 54V.Tm cng dng in qua mi in tr.
A B R2 R1 R3 R4

Dng 8: CNG V CNG SUT CA DNG IN. NH LUT OHM CHO TON MCH Bi 1: Hai bng n 12V - 4W v 12V - 6W mc ni tip nhau ri mc vo ngun in c hiu in th 24V. 1. Tnh in tr v cng dng in qua mi bng n. 2. Tnh hiu in th v cng sut tiu th mi bng. T suy ra sng ca n th no? Bi 2: Mt bp in ghi 110V - 500W c mc vo ngun in 110V un 15 lt nc t 20oC n 100oC. 1. Tnh cng dng in qua bp in. 2. Cho hiu sut ca bp l 80%. Tnh thi gian un si nc, bit nhit dung ring ca nc l c=4200J/kg. Bi 3: Bp in ni vi hiu in th U = 120V c cng sut P = 600W c dng un si 2 lt nc t 20oC n 100oC. Bit hiu sut ca bp l 80%. E, r 1. Tnh thi gian un v in nng tiu th theo kWh. 2. Dy bp c ng knh d1 = 0,2mm v in tr sut = 4.10-7m, qun trn mt ng c hnh tr bng s ng knh d = 2cm. Tnh s vng dy. R4 R1 Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v: ngun in E=12V, r = 0,1. R1 = R2 = 2; A R3 = 4; R4 = 4,4. B R2 C R3 1. Tnh in tr tng ng ca mch ngoi. 2. Tnh cng dng in trong mch chnh v hiu in th hai U AB E,r gia hai im A v B. Bi 5: Cho mch in nh hnh v: ngun in c E= 9V, r = 0,5. R1 = 12, R2 = 1; R3 = 8; R4 = 4. 1. Tnh in tr tng ng ca mch ngoi. 2. Tnh s ch ampre k v s ch ca volte k. V R R1 3 3. Tnh hiu in th UCD gia hai im C v D. Nu gia hai im C v D ghp t in c in dung C= A C 6F th in tch ca t in l bao nhiu? A R Bi 6: n (3V 6W) mc vo hai cc ca mt c quy c sut in ng E = 3V, in 2tr trong R4= 0,5. Tnh E,r r D cng dng in qua n v cng sut tiu th ca n. R1 R4 Bi 7: Cho mch in nh hnh v: E = 4,8V, r = 1. R1 = R2 = R3 = 3; R4 = 1. M 1. Tm in tr tng ng ca mch ngoi. 2. Tm s ch ca volte k. A B R3 3. Ly volte k v mc vo mt t in c in dung 10F. Tnh in tch ca tR in. E,r 2 Bi 8: Mt pin c sut in ng 1,5V v in tr trong 0,5. Hi pin c th cung cp dng in ln nht c gi tr V N l bao nhiu? Bi 9: Cho mch in nh hnh v: V R R1 ngun in c E= 12,5V, r = 1, R1= 10, R2 = 30; R3 = 20; R4 = 40. A 2 C 1. Tnh in tr tng ng ca mch ngoi. A 2. Tnh s ch ampre k v s ch ca volte k. R3 D R4 3. Tnh cng sut trn in tr R2.

4. Tnh hiu in th UCD gia hai im C v D. Mun o hiu in th gia hai im C v D th cc dng ca vn k mc vo im no. Bi 10. Cho mch in c s nh hnh v: Trong ngun in c sut in ng E1 = 12V v in tr trong r =1,1 v R E,r = 0,1. 1. in tr RX phi c gi tr l bao nhiu cng sut tiu th mch ngoi l ln R RX nht? 2. in tr RX phi c gi tr l bao nhiu cng sut tiu th in tr ny l ln nht? Tm cng sut ln nht . DNG 9: MC NGUN IN THNH B E1, E2, E3 Bi 1: cho mch in nh hnh v: Bit E1 = E2 = 2,5V; E3 = 2,8V; r1 = r2 = 0,1; r3 = 0,2. R1 = R2 = R3 = 3; R4 = 6. 1. Tnh hiu in th UCD. R1 C R2 B A 2. Nu ti hai im CD ta ghp mt t in c in dung C = 2 th in tch F D R ca t in l bao nhiu. R3 4 Bi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v: b ngun gm 16 pin, mi pin c sut in ng eo = 2V, ro = 0,5. Cc in tr R1 = 12, R2 = 21, R3 = 3. n ghi (6V-6W). 1. Xc nh sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun. V 2. Tm cng dng in qua mch chnh v s ch ca volte k. 3. Ni hai bn ca t in c in dung C=20F vo hai im C v M. Tnh R1 in tch ca t in. N Bi 3: Cho b ngun gm 18 pin, mc thnh hai dy song song, mi dy c 9 pin, mi B R2 pin c sut in ng e = 1,5V v in tr trong ro = 0,2. Mch ngoi gm mt in R3 tr R = 2,1. M 1.Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong tng ng ca b ngun; 2.Tm cng dng in qua mch chnh, v hiu in th hai u b ngun; 3.Tnh cng sut tiu th mch ngoi. Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v: V R 4 Ngun in c 4 pin mc ni tip vi nhau, mi pin c sut in ng e = 2V, r = R1 1. R1 = 4; R2 = 6; R3 = 12; R4 = 3. R2 A 1. Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun. 2. Tnh cng dng in qua mch chnh trong trng hp K ng v K m. R3 K 3. Trong trng hp K m, thay in tr R4 bng n (12V - 24W). Hi n sng bnh thng th phi thay mt pin bng mt c quy c in tr trong 1, hi sut in ng ca mi c quy c gi tr l bao nhiu? Bi 5: Cho b ngun gm 6 pin ging nhau, ghp thnh hai dy, mi dy 3 pin, mi pin c sut in ng eo = 3V v in tr trong ro = 0,2. 1. Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun; R2 R1 2. Cho R1 = 18,7, R2 = 125 v cng dng in qua in tr R1 l 0,2A. R3 Tnh R3. 3. Tm cng sut tiu th ca mch ngoi . Bi 6: Cho mch in nh hnh v. B ngun gm hai dy, mi dy gm 10 pin mc ni tip, mi pin c sut in ng e o = 1,5V, in tr trong ro = 0,5, n (12V - 12W), R1 = R2 = 6, Rx l bin tr c gi tr in tr thay i c. 1. Khi Rx = 2. a. Xc nh s ch ca volte k v ca ampre k. b. n c sng bnh thng khng? Ti sao? 2. Thay i gi tr ca bin tr Rx n sng bnh thng. Xc nh gi tr ca bin tr, s ch ampre k v volte k trong trng hp ny.

V A

R1

R2

Rx

Bi 7: Cho mch in nh hnh v. B ngun gm hai dy, mi dy c 4 pin mc ni tip vi nhau. Mi pin c sut in ng eo = 1,5V, v in tr trong ro = 0,25. R1 = 12; R2 = 1, R3 = 8, R4 = 4. Bit cng dng in qua in tr R1 l 0,24A. 1. Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun. R5 2. Xc nh hiu in th UAB gia hai im A, B v cng dng in qua R1 R3 mch chnh. N B A 3. Xc nh gi tr in tr R5. 4. Ni hai bn ca t in c in dung C = 50F vi hai im M v N. Tm R2 M R4 in tch t in tch c. DNG 10: KHO ST DNG IN TRONG CHT IN PHN Bi 1: Mt tm kim loi c em m niken bng phng php in phn. Bit din tch b mt kim loi l 40cm2, cng dng in qua bnh l 2A, niken c khi lng ring 8,9.10 3kg/m3, A =58, n=2. Tnh chiu dy ca lp niken trn tm kinh loi sau khi in phn 30 pht. Coi niken bm u ln b mt tm kim loi. Bi 2: Mun m ng hai mt ca mt tm kim loi c din tch mi mt l 25cm2, ngi ta s dng tm kim loi lm cathode ca mt bnh in phn ng dung dch CuSO 4 cn anode l mt thanh kim loi ng nguyn cht.Bit b dy ca lp m l d=3,6.10-5mm. Tnh thi gian m tm kim loi, bit rng cng dng in chy qua dung dch in phn l 5A. Cho bit, i vi kim loi ng: A = 64, n = 2, = 8900kg/m3 Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v, b ngun c n pin ging nhau mc ni tip vi nhau, mi pin c eo=1,5V v ro = 0,5. Mch ngoi c R1=2; R2=9; R3 = 4; n (3V - 3W), bnh in phn cha dung dch AgNO3. Bit ampre V k ch 0,6A v cng dng in qua in tr R2 l 0,4A. R2 A 1. Tnh cng dng in qua bnh in phn v in tr ca bnh R1 in phn. R3 Rb 2. Tm s pin v cng sut ca mi pin. 3. Xc nh s ch ca volte k. 4. Tnh khi lng bc c gii phng cathode sau 16 pht 5 giy khi in phn, cho bit i vi bc, th A = 108 v n = 1 5. Xc nh sng ca n. Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v. B ngun gm 3 ngun in ging nhau, mi ngun c eo = 1,5V v ro=0,3, mch ngoi c R = 2, n (9V - 9W), bnh in phn cha dung dch CuSO4 c cc dng bng ng, in tr ca bnh in phn Rb V = 4. A 1. Xc nh s ch ampre k v ca volte k. Rb R 2. Xc nh khi lng ng c gii phng in cc trong thi gian 32 pht 10 giy. 3. Tnh cng sut v hiu sut ca b ngun. Bi 5: Cho mch in nh hnh v, b ngun gm 12 ngun ging nhau, mi ngun c eo = 3V, ro = 0,5 mc thnh hai dy song song, mi dy c 6 ngun mc ni tip. Mch ngoi c R = 8, n (15V -15W), bnh in phn cha dung dch in phn c in cc dng bng ng, in tr ca Rx bnh in phn Rb = 2. Rb K R 1. Khi kho K ng, Rx = 2,5. a. Tnh cng dng in trong mch chnh v sng ca n, cng sut tiu th ca n. b. Tnh khi lng ng c gii phng cathode ca bnh in phn trong thi gian 32 pht 10 giy, 2. Khi kho K m, n sng bnh thng th in tr Rx c gi tr l bao nhiu?