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Hm Logic II - 1

" CHNG 2 HM LOGIC

D HM LOGIC C BN
D CC DNG CHUN CA HM LOGIC
Dng tng chun
Dng tch chun
Dng s
Bin i qua li gia cc dng chun
D RT GN HM LOGIC
Phng php i s
Phng php dng bng Karnaugh
Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey
___________________________________________________________________________
____________
Nm 1854 Georges Boole, mt trit gia ng thi l nh ton hc ngi Anh cho xut
bn mt tc phm v l lun logic, ni dung ca tc phm t ra nhng mnh m tr li
ngi ta ch phi dng mt trong hai t ng (c, yes) hoc sai (khng, no).
Tp hp cc thut ton dng cho cc mnh ny hnh thnh mn i s Boole. y l
mn ton hc dng h thng s nh phn m ng dng ca n trong k thut chnh l cc
mch logic, nn tng ca k thut s.
Chng ny khng c tham vng trnh by l thuyt i s Boole m ch gii hn trong
vic gii thiu cc hm logic c bn v cc tnh cht cn thit gip sinh vin hiu vn
hnh ca mt h thng logic.

2.1. HM LOGIC C BN
2.1.1. Mt s nh ngha
- Trng thi logic: trng thi ca mt thc th. Xt v mt logic th mt thc th ch
tn ti mt trong hai trng thi. Th d, i vi mt bng n ta ch quan tm n ang
trng thi no: tt hay chy. Vy tt / chy l 2 trng thi logic ca n.
- Bin logic dng c trng cho cc trng thi logic ca cc thc th. Ngi ta biu
din bin logic bi mt k hiu (ch hay du) v n ch nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr : 0 hoc 1.
Th d trng thi logic ca mt cng tc l ng hoc m, m ta c th c trng bi tr
1 hoc 0.
- Hm logic din t bi mt nhm bin logic lin h nhau bi cc php ton logic.
Cng nh bin logic, hm logic ch nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr: 0 hoc 1 ty theo cc iu kin lin
quan n cc bin.
Th d, mt mch gm mt ngun hiu th cp cho mt bng n qua hai cng tc mc
ni tip, bng n ch chy khi c 2 cng tc u ng. Trng thi ca bng n l mt hm
theo 2 bin l trng thi ca 2 cng tc.
Gi A v B l tn bin ch cng tc, cng tc ng ng vi tr 1 v h ng vi tr 0. Y l
hm ch trng thi bng n, 1 ch n chy v 0 khi n tt. Quan h gia hm Y v cc bin
A, B c din t nh bng sau:

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K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 2
A
0 (h)
0 (h)
1 (ng)
1 (ng)

B
0 (h)
1 (ng)
0 (h)
1 (ng)

Y=f(A,B)
0 (tt)
0 (tt)
0 (tt)
1 (chy)

2.1.2. Biu din bin v hm logic

2.1.2.1. Gin Venn
Cn gi l gin Euler, c bit dng trong lnh vc tp hp. Mi bin logic chia
khng gian ra 2 vng khng gian con, mt vng trong gi tr bin l ng (hay=1), v vng
cn li l vng ph trong gi tr bin l sai (hay=0).
Th d: Phn giao nhau ca hai tp hp con A v B (gch cho) biu din tp hp trong
A v B l ng (A AND B) (H 2.1)

(H 2.1)

2.1.2.2. Bng s tht

Nu hm c n bin, bng s tht c n+1 ct v 2n + 1 hng. Hng u tin ch tn bin
v hm, cc hng cn li trnh by cc t hp ca n bin trong 2n t hp c th c. Cc ct u
ghi gi tr ca bin, ct cui cng ghi gi tr ca hm tng ng vi t hp bin trn cng
hng (gi l tr ring ca hm).
Th d: Hm OR ca 2 bin A, B: f(A,B) = (A OR B) c bng s tht tng ng.
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

f(A,B) = A OR B
0
1
1
1

2.1.2.3. Bng Karnaugh

y l cch biu din khc ca bng s tht trong mi hng ca bng s tht c
thay th bi mt m ta (gm hng v ct) xc nh bi t hp cho ca bin.
Bng Karnaugh ca n bin gm 2n . Gi tr ca hm c ghi ti mi ca bng. Bng
Karnaugh rt thun tin n gin hm logic bng cch nhm cc li vi nhau.
Th d: Hm OR trn c din t bi bng Karnaugh sau y
A\B
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
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Hm Logic II - 3

2.1.2.4. Gin thi gian

Dng din t quan h gia cc hm v bin theo thi gian, ng thi vi quan h
logic.
Th d: Gin thi gian ca hm OR ca 2 bin A v B, ti nhng thi im c mt
(hoc 2) bin c gi tr 1 th hm c tr 1 v hm ch c tr 0 ti nhng thi im m c 2 bin
u bng 0.

(H 2.2)

2.1.3. Qui c
Khi nghin cu mt h thng logic, cn xc nh qui c logic. Qui c ny khng
c thay i trong sut qu trnh nghin cu.
Ngi ta dng 2 mc in th thp v cao gn cho 2 trng thi logic 1 v 0.
Qui c logic dng gn in th thp cho logic 0 v in th cao cho logic 1
Qui c logic m th ngc li.

2.1.4. Hm logic c bn (Cc php ton logic)

2.1.4.1. Hm NOT (o, b) :

Y=A

Bng s tht
A

Y=A

0
1

1
0

2.1.4.2. Hm AND [tch logic, ton t (.)] :

Y = A.B

Bng s tht
A
B
Y=A.B
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
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Hm Logic II - 4
1

Nhn xt: Tnh cht ca hm AND c th c pht biu nh sau:

- Hm AND ca 2 (hay nhiu) bin ch c gi tr 1 khi tt c cc bin u bng 1
hoc
- Hm AND ca 2 (hay nhiu) bin c gi tr 0 khi c mt bin bng 0.

2.1.4.3. Hm OR [tng logic, ton t (+)] :

Y=A+B

Bng s tht
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

Y=A + B
0
1
1
1

Nhn xt: Tnh cht ca hm OR c th c pht biu nh sau:

- Hm OR ca 2 (hay nhiu) bin ch c gi tr 0 khi tt c cc bin u bng 0
hoc
- Hm OR ca 2 (hay nhiu) bin c gi tr 1 khi c mt bin bng 1.

2.1.4.4.Hm EX-OR (OR loi tr)

Y = A B

Bng s tht
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

Y = A B
0
1
1
0

Nhn xt: Mt s tnh cht ca hm EX - OR:

- Hm EX - OR ca 2 bin ch c gi tr 1 khi hai bin khc nhau v ngc li. Tnh
cht ny c dng so snh 2 bin.
- Hm EX - OR ca 2 bin cho php thc hin cng hai s nh phn 1 bit m khng
quan tm ti s nh.
- T kt qu ca hm EX-OR 2 bin ta suy ra bng s tht cho hm 3 bin
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Y = A B C
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

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Hm Logic II - 5
- Trong trng hp 3 bin (v suy rng ra cho nhiu bin), hm EX - OR c gi tr 1 khi
s bin bng 1 l s l. Tnh cht ny c dng nhn dng mt chui d liu c s bit 1 l
chn hay l trong thit k mch pht chn l.

2.1.5. Tnh cht ca cc hm logic c bn:

2.1.5.1. Tnh cht c bn:
C mt phn t trung tnh duy nht cho mi ton t (+) v (.):
A + 0 = A ; 0 l phn t trung tnh ca hm OR
A . 1 = A ; 1 l phn t trung tnh ca hm AND
Tnh giao hon:
A+B=B+A
A.B =B.A
Tnh phi hp:
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C) = A + B + C
(A . B) . C = A . (B . C) = A . B . C
Tnh phn b:
- Phn b i vi php nhn: A . (B + C) = A . B + A . C
- Phn b i vi php cng: A + (B . C) = (A + B) . (A + C)
Phn b i vi php cng l mt tnh cht c bit ca php ton logic
Khng c php tnh ly tha v tha s:
A+A+.....+A=A
A.A ........ A=A
Tnh b:
A =A
A +A = 1
A.A = 0

2.1.5.2. Tnh song i (duality):

Tt c biu thc logic vn ng khi [thay php ton (+) bi php (.) v 0 bi 1] hay
ngc li. iu ny c th chng minh d dng cho tt c biu thc trn.
Th d :
+ = +
. = .
+ A = +
( A +) = .
A+1= 1

A.0 = 0

2.1.5.3. nh l De Morgan
nh l De Morgan c pht biu bi hai biu thc:
A + B + C = A .B.C
A.B.C = A + B + C

nh l De Morgan cho php bin i qua li gia hai php cng v nhn nh vo php
o.
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Hm Logic II - 6
nh l De Morgan c chng minh bng cch lp bng s tht cho tt c trng hp
c th c ca cc bin A, B, C vi cc hm AND, OR v NOT ca chng.

2.1.5.4. S ph thuc ln nhau ca cc hm logic c bn

nh l De Morgan cho thy cc hm logic khng c lp vi nhau, chng c th bin
i qua li, s bin i ny cn c s tham gia ca hm NOT. Kt qu l ta c th dng hm
(AND v NOT) hoc (OR v NOT) din t tt c cc hm.
Th d:
Ch dng hm AND v NOT din t hm sau: Y = A.B + B.C + A .C
Ch cn o hm Y hai ln, ta c kt qu:
Y = Y = A.B + B.C + A .C = A.B.B.C.A .C
Nu dng hm OR v NOT din t hm trn lm nh sau:

Y = A.B + B.C + A .C = A + B + B + C + A + C

2.2. CC DNG CHUN CA HM LOGIC

Mt hm logic c biu din bi mt t hp ca nhng tng v tch logic.
Nu biu thc l tng ca nhng tch, ta c dng tng
Th d : f(X, Y, Z) = XY + XZ + Y Z
Nu biu thc l tch ca nhng tng, ta c dng tch
Th d : f(X, Y, Z) = (X + Y).(X + Z).(Y + Z )
Mt hm logic c gi l hm chun nu mi s hng cha y cc bin, dng
nguyn hay dng o ca chng.
Th d : f(X, Y, Z) = XYZ + X YZ + XY Z l mt tng chun.
Mi s hng ca tng chun c gi l minterm.
f(X, Y, Z) = (X + Y + Z).(X + Y + Z).( X + Y + Z) l mt tch chun.
Mi s hng ca tch chun c gi l maxterm.
Phn sau y cho php chng ta vit ra mt hm di dng tng chun hay tch chun
khi c bng s tht din t hm .

2.2.1. Dng tng chun

c c hm logic di dng chun, ta p dng cc nh l trin khai ca Shanon.
Dng tng chun c c t trin khai theo nh l Shanon th nht:
Tt c cc hm logic c th trin khai theo mt trong nhng bin di dng tng
ca hai tch nh sau:
f(A,B,...,Z) = A.f(1,B,...,Z) + A .f(0,B,...,Z)
(1)
H thc (1) c th c chng minh rt d dng bng cch ln lt cho A bng 2 gi
tr 0 v 1, ta c kt qu l 2 v ca (1) lun lun bng nhau. Tht vy
Cho A=0:
f(0,B,...,Z) = 0.f(1,B,...,Z) + 1. f(0,B,...,Z) = f(0,B,...,Z)
Cho A=1:
f(1,B,...,Z) = 1.f(1,B,...,Z) + 0. f(0,B,...,Z) = f(1,B,...,Z)
Vi 2 bin, hm f(A,B) c th trin khai theo bin A :
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Hm Logic II - 7
f(A,B) = A.f(1,B) + A .f(0,B)
Mi hm trong hai hm va tm c li c th trin khai theo bin B
f(1,B) = B.f(1,1) + .f(1,0) & f(0,B) = B.f(0,1) + B .f(0,0)
Vy:
f(A,B) = AB.f(1,1) + A .B.f(0,1) + A B .f(1,0) + A B .f(0,0)
f(i,j) l gi tr ring ca f(A,B) khi A=i v B=j trong bng s tht ca hm.
Vi 3 bin, tr ring ca f(A, B, C) l f(i, j, k) khi A=i, B=j v C=k ta c:
f(A,B,C) = A.B.C.f(1,1,1) + A.B. C .f (1,1,0) + A. B .C.f(1,0,1) + A. B . C .f(1,0,0) +
A .B.C.f(0,1,1) + A .B. C .f(0,1,0) + A . B .C.f(0,0,1) + A . B . C .f(0,0,0)
Khi trin khai hm 2 bin ta c tng ca 22 = 4 s hng
Khi trin khai hm 3 bin ta c tng ca 23 = 8 s hng
Khi trin khai hm n bin ta c tng ca 2n s hng
Mi s hng l tch ca mt t hp bin v mt tr ring ca hm. Hai trng hp c
th xy ra:
- Gi tr ring = 1, s hng thu gn li ch cn cc bin:
A . B .C.f(0,0,1) = A . B .C nu f(0,0,1) = 1
- Gi tr ring = 0, tch bng 0 :
A . B . C .f(0,0,0)= 0 nu f(0,0,0) = 0
v s hng ny bin mt trong biu thc ca tng chun.
Th d:
Cho hm 3 bin A,B,C xc nh bi bng s tht:

Hng
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Z=f(A,B,C)
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1

Vi hm Z cho nh trn ta c cc tr ring f(i, j, k) xc nh bi:

f(0,0,1) = f(0,1,0) = f(0,1,1) = f(1,0,1) = f(1,1,1) =1
f(0,0,0) = f(1,0,0) = f(1,1,0) = 0
- Hm Z c tr ring f(0,0,1)=1 tng ng vi cc gi tr ca t hp bin hng (1) l
A=0, B=0 v C=1 ng thi, vy A . B .C l mt s hng trong tng chun
- Tng t vi cc t hp bin tng ng vi cc hng (2), (3), (5) v (7) cng l cc s
hng ca tng chun, l cc t hp: A .B. C , A .B.C, A. B .C v A.B.C
- Vi cc hng cn li (hng 0,4,6), tr ring ca f(A,B,C) = 0 nn khng xut hin trong
trin khai.
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K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 8
Tm li ta c:

Z = A . B .C + A .B. C + A .B.C + A. B .C + A..C

- ngha ca nh l Shanon th nht:

Nhc li tnh cht ca cc hm AND v OR: b1.b2.... bn = 1 khi b1, b2..., bn ng thi
bng 1 v a1 + a2 + ... + ap = 1 ch cn t nht mt bin a1, a2, ..., ap bng 1
Tr li th d trn, biu thc logic tng ng vi hng 1 (A=0, B=0, C=1) c
vit A . B .C =1 v A = 1 , B = 1, C = 1 ng thi.
Biu thc logic tng ng vi hng 2 l A .B. C =1 v A=0 ( A = 1), B=1, C=0 ( C = 1)
ng thi
Tng t, vi cc hng 3, 5 v 7 ta c cc kt qu: A .B.C , A. B .C v A..C
Nh vy, trong th d trn
Z = hng 1 + hng 2 + hng 3 + hng 5 + hng 7
Z = A . B .C + A .B. C + A .B.C + A. B .C + A..C
Tm li, t mt hm cho di dng bng s tht, ta c th vit ngay biu thc ca hm
di dng tng chun nh sau:
- S s hng ca biu thc bng s gi tr 1 ca hm th hin trn bng s tht
- Mi s hng trong tng chun l tch ca tt c cc bin tng ng vi t hp m
hm c tr ring bng 1, bin c gi nguyn khi c gi tr 1 v c o nu gi tr
ca n = 0.

2.2.2. Dng tch chun

y l dng ca hm logic c c t trin khai theo nh l Shanon th hai:
Tt c cc hm logic c th trin khai theo mt trong nhng bin di dng tch
ca hai tng nh sau:
f(A,B,...,Z) = [ A + f(1,B,...,Z)].[A + f(0,B,...,Z)]
(2)
Cch chng minh nh l Shanon th hai cng ging nh chng minh nh l
Shanon th nht.
Vi hai bin, hm f(A,B) c th trin khai theo bin A
f(A,B) = [ A + f(1,B)].[A + f(0,B)]
Mi hm trong hai hm va tm c li c th trin khai theo bin B
f(1,B) = [ B + f(1,1)].[B + f(1,0)] & f(0,B) = [ B + f(0,1)].[B + f(0,0)]
f(A,B) = A + [ B + f(1,1)].[B + f(1,0)].A + [ B + f(0,1)].[B + f(0,0)]
Vy:
f(A,B) = [ A + B + f(1,1)].[ A +B + f(1,0)].[A+ B + f(0,1)].[A+B + f(0,0)]
Cng nh dng chun th nht, f(i,j) l gi tr ring ca f(A,B) khi A=i v B=j trong
bng s tht ca hm.
Vi hm 3 bin:
f(A,B,C)=[ A + B + C +f(1,1,1)].[ A + B +C+f(1,1,0)].[ A +B+ C +f(1,0,1)].[ A +B+C+f(1,0,0)].
[A+ B + C +f(0,1,1)].[A+ B +C+ f(0,1,0)].[A+B+ C +f(0,0,1)].[A+B+C+f(0,0,0)]
S s hng trong trin khai n bin l 2n. Mi s hng l tng (OR) ca cc bin v tr
ring ca hm.
- Nu tr ring bng 0 s hng c rt gn li ch cn cc bin (0 l tr trung tnh ca
php cng logic)
A + B + C + f(0,0,0) = A + B + C nu f(0,0,0) = 0
- Nu tr ring bng 1, s hng trin khai = 1
A + B + C + f(0,0,1) = 1 nu f(0,0,1) = 1
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Hm Logic II - 9
v bin mt trong biu thc ca tch chun.
Ly li th d trn:
Hng

Z=f(A,B,C)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1

Cc tr ring ca hm nu trn.
- Hm Z c gi tr ring f(0,0,0) = 0 tng ng vi cc gi tr ca bin hng 0 l
A=B=C=0 ng thi, vy A+B+C l mt s hng trong tch chun.
- Tng t vi cc hng (4) v (6) ta c cc t hp A +B+C v A + B +C.
- Vi cc hng cn li (hng 1, 2, 3, 5, 7), tr ring ca f(A,B,C) = 1 nn khng xut
hin trong trin khai.
Tm li, ta c: Z = (A + B + C).( A + B + C).( A + B +C )
- ngha ca nh l th hai:
Nhc li tnh cht ca cc hm AND v OR: b1.b2.... bn =0 ch cn t nht mt bin
trong b1, b2,..., bn =0 v a1 + a2 + ... + ap =0 khi cc bin a1, a2, ..., ap ng thi bng 0.
Nh vy trong th d trn:
Z = (hng 0).(hng 4).(hng 6)
Z = (A + B + C).( A + B + C).( A + B +C )
Tht vy, hng 0 tt c bin = 0: A=0, B=0, C=0 ng thi nn c th vit (A+B+C) =
0. Tng t cho hng (4) v hng (6).
Tm li,
Biu thc tch chun gm cc tha s, mi tha s l tng cc bin tng ng vi
t hp c gi tr ring =0, mt bin gi nguyn nu n c gi tr 0 v c o nu c gi
tr 1. S tha s ca biu thc bng s s 0 ca hm th hin trn bng s tht.

2.2.3. i t dng chun ny sang dng chun khc:

Nh nh l De Morgan, hai nh l trn c th chuyn i qua li.
Tr li th d trn, thm ct Z vo bng s tht
\

Hng

Z=f(A,B,C)

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K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1

1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0

Din t Z theo dng tng chun:

Z = A BC + A BC + AB C
Ly o hai v:
Z = A BC + A BC + AB C = A BC.A BC.AB C
Dng nh l De Morgan mt ln na cho tng tha s trong biu thc, ta c:
Z = (A + B + C).(A + B + C).(A + B + C)

Din t Z theo dng tch chun:

Z = (A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)
Ly o hai v:

Z = (A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)

Z = A + B+ C+ A + B+ C+ A + B+ C+ A + B+ C+ A + B+ C
= A BC + A BC + A BC + A BC + ABC

2.2.4. Dng s
n gin cch vit ngi ta c th din t mt hm Tng chun hay Tch chun bi
tp hp cc s di du tng () hay tch (). Mi t hp bin c thay bi mt s thp
phn tng ng vi tr nh phn ca chng. Khi s dng cch vit ny trng lng cc bin
phi c ch r.
Th d : Cho hm Z xc nh nh trn, tng ng vi dng chun th nht, hm ny
ly gi tr ca cc hng 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, ta vit Z=f(A,B,C) = (1,2,3,5,7). Tng t, nu dng
dng chun th hai ta c th vit Z =f(A,B,C)= (0,4,6).
Ch : Khi vit cc hm theo dng s ta phi ch r trng s ca cc bit, th d ta c
th ghi km theo hm Z trn 1 trong 3 cch nh sau: A=MSB hoc C=LSB hoc A=4, B=2,
C=1

2.3. RT GN HM LOGIC
thc hin mt hm logic bng mch in t, ngi ta lun lun ngh n vic s
dng lng linh kin t nht. Mun vy, hm logic phi dng ti gin, nn vn rt gn
hm logic l bc u tin phi thc hin trong qu trnh thit k. C 3 phng php rt
gn hm logic:
- Phng php i s
- Phng php dng bng Karnaugh
- Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 11
2.3.1. Phng php i s
Phng php ny bao gm vic p dng cc tnh cht ca hm logic c bn. Mt s
ng thc thng c s dng c nhm li nh sau:
(1) AB + A B = B
(A+B).( A +B) = B
(1)
(2) A + AB = A
A.(A+B)
=A
(2)
(3) A + A B = A + B A.( A +B)
= A.B
(3)
Chng minh cc ng thc 1, 2, 3:
(1) AB + A B = B(A+ A ) = B.1 = B
(2) A + AB = A(1+B) = A
(3) A + A B = (A+ A ).(A+B) = A+B
Cc ng thc (1), (2), (3) l song i ca (1), (2), (3).
Cc qui tc rt gn:
- Qui tc 1: Nh cc ng thc trn nhm cc s hng li.
Th d: Rt gn biu thc ABC + AB C + A B CD
Theo (1) ABC + AB C = AB
Vy
ABC + AB C + A B CD = AB + A B CD = A(B+ B CD)
Theo (3) B + B CD = B + CD
V kt qu cui cng: ABC + AB C + A B CD = A(B+CD)
- Qui tc 2: Ta c th thm mt s hng c trong biu thc logic vo biu thc m
khng lm thay i biu thc.
Th d: Rt gn biu thc: ABC + A BC + A B C + AB C
Thm ABC vo c: (ABC + A BC) + (ABC + A B C) + (ABC + AB C )
Theo (1) cc nhm trong du ngoc rt gn thnh: BC + AC + AB
Vy: ABC + A BC + A B C + AB C = BC + AC + AB
- Qui tc 3: C th b s hng cha cc bin c trong s hng khc
Th d 1: Rt gn biu thc AB + B C + AC
Biu thc khng i nu ta nhn mt s hng trong biu thc vi 1, v d (B+ B ):
AB + B C + AC = AB + C + AC(B+ B )
Trin khai s hng cui cng ca v phi, ta c:
AB + B C +ABC + A B C
Tha s chung: AB(1+C) + B C(1+A) = AB + B C
Tm li:
AB + B C + AC = AB + B C.
Trong bi tan ny ta n gin c s hng AC.
Th d 2: Rt gn biu thc (A+B).( B +C).(A+C)
Biu thc khng i nu ta thm vo mt tha s c tr =0, v d B.
(A+B).( B +C).(A+C) = (A+B).( B +C).(A+C+ B .)
= (A+B).( B +C).(A + B +C).(A ++C)
Theo (2)
(A+B).(A +B+C) = (A+B) v ( B +C).(A+ B +C) = ( B +C)
Vy:
(A+B).( B +C).(A+C) = (A+B).( B +C)
Trong bi tan ny ta b s hng A+C
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 12
- Qui tc 4: C th n gin bng cch dng hm chun tng ng c s hng t
nht.
Th d: Hm f(A,B,C) = (2,3,4,5,6,7) vi trng lng A=4, B=2, C=1
Hm o ca f: f(A, B, C) = (0,1) = A .B.C + A .B.C = A .B = A + B
Vy
f(A,B,C) = A+B

2.3.2. Dng bng Karnaugh

Dng bng Karnaugh cho php rt gn d dng cc hm logic cha t 3 ti 6 bin.

2.3.2.1.Nguyn tc
Xt hai t hp bin AB v A B , hai t hp ny ch khc nhau mt bit, ta gi chng l
hai t hp k nhau.
Ta c: AB + A B = A , bin B c n gin .
Phng php ca bng Karnaugh da vo vic nhm cc t hp k nhau trn bng
n gin bin c gi tr khc nhau trong cc t hp ny.
Cng vic rt gn hm c thc hin theo bn bc:
V bng Karnaugh theo s bin ca hm
Chuyn hm cn n gin vo bng Karnaugh
Gom cc cha cc t hp k nhau li thnh cc nhm sao cho c th rt gn hm
ti mc ti gin
Vit kt qu hm rt gn t cc nhm gom c.

2.3.2.2 V bng Karnaugh

- Bng Karnaugh thc cht l mt dng khc ca bng s tht, trong mi ca bng
tng ng vi mt hng trong bng s tht.
v bng Karnaugh cho n bin, ngi ta chia s bin ra lm i, phn na dng to
n/2
2 ct, phn na cn li to 2n/2 hng (nu n l s l, ngi ta c th cho s lng bin trn
ct ln hn s lng bin cho hng hay ngc li cng c). Nh vy, vi mt hm c n
bin, bng Karnaugh gm 2n , mi tng ng vi t hp bin ny. Cc trong bng c
sp t sao cho hai k nhau ch khc nhau mt n v nh phn (khc nhau mt bit), iu
ny cho thy rt thun tin nu chng ta dng m Gray. Chnh s sp t ny cho php ta n
gin bng cch nhm cc k nhau li.
Vi 2 bin AB, s sp t s theo th t: AB = 00, 01, 11, 10 (y l th t m Gray,
nhng cho d ta dng s nh phn tng ng c th t ny: 0, 1, 3, 2)
Th d : Bng Karnaugh cho hm 3 bin (A = MSB, v C = LSB) (H 2.3)

(H 2.3)
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 13
Vi 3 bin ABC, ta c: ABC = 000, 001, 011, 010, 110, 111, 101, 100 (s nh phn
tng ng: 0, 1, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 4)
Lu l ta c th thit lp bng Karnaugh theo chiu nm ngang hay theo chiu ng.
Do cc t hp cc ba tri v phi k nhau nn ta c th coi bng c dng hnh tr
thng ng v cc t hp ba trn v di cng k nhau nn ta c th coi bng c dng hnh
tr trc nm ngang. V 4 t hp bin 4 gc cng l cc t hp k nhau.
Hnh (H 2.4) l bng Karnaugh cho 4 bin.

(H 2.4)

2.3.2.3. Chuyn hm logic vo bng Karnaugh.

Trong mi ca bng ta a vo gi tr ca hm tng ng vi t hp bin, n gin
chng ta c th ch ghi cc tr 1 m b qua cc tr 0 ca hm. Ta c cc trng hp sau:
T hm vit di dng tng chun:
Th d 1 : f(A,B,C) = A . B .C + A .B.C + A.B.C

(H 2.5)
Nu hm khng phi l dng chun, ta phi a v dng chun bng cch thm vo
cc s hng sao cho hm vn khng i nhng cc s hng cha cc bin.
Th d 2 :
Y = A BC + AB D + A B C + A C D
Hm ny gm 4 bin, nn a v dng tng chun ta lm nh sau:
Y = A BC(D+ D ) + AB D (C+ C ) + A B C(D+ D ) + A C D(B+ B )
Y = A BCD+ A BC D + ABC D + AB C D + A B CD + A B C D + AB C D +A B C D
V Hm Y c a vo bng Karnaugh nh sau (H 2.6):

___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 14

(H 2.6)
T dng s th nht, vi cc trng lng tng ng A=4, B=2, C=1
Th d 3 : f(A,B,C) = (1,3,7). Hm s s ly gi tr 1 trong cc 1,3 v 7.
T dng tch chun: Ta ly hm o c dng tng chun v ghi tr 0 vo cc
tng ng vi t hp bin trong tng chun ny. Cc cn li cha s 1.
Th d 4 : Y = f(A,B,C) = (A+B+C).(A+ B +C).( A +B+C).( A +B+ C ).( A + B C)
Y = A . B . C + A .B. C + A. B . C + A. B .C + A.B. C
V bng Karnaugh tng ng (H 2.7).

(H 2.7)
T dng s th hai:
Th d 5 : f(A,B,C) = (0,2,4,5,6)
Hm s ly cc tr 0 cc 0, 2, 4, 5, 6. D nhin l ta phi ghi cc gi tr 1 trong cc
cn li (H 2.7).
T bng s tht:
Th d 6 : Hm f(A,B,C) cho bi bng s tht

f(A,B,C)

___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 15
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1

Ta ghi 1 vo cc tng ng vi cc t hp bin hng 1, 3 v 7, kt qu ging nh

th d 1.
Trng hp c mt s t hp cho gi tr hm khng xc nh: ngha l ng vi
cc t hp ny hm c th c gi tr 1 hoc 0, do , ta ghi du X vo cc tng ng vi cc
t hp ny, lc gom nhm ta s dng n nh s 1 hay s 0 mt cch ty sao cho c c
kt qu rt gn nht.
Th d 7: f(A,B,C,D) = (3,4,5,6,7) vi cc t hp t 10 dn 15 cho hm c tr bt k
(khng xc nh) (H 2.8).

(H 2.8)

2.3.2.4. Qui tc gom nhm

Cc t hp bin c trong hm logic hin din trong bng Karnaugh di dng cc s 1
trong cc , vy vic gom thnh nhm cc t hp k nhau c thc hin theo qui tc sau:
- Gom cc s 1 k nhau thnh tng nhm sao cho s nhm cng t cng tt. iu ny c
ngha l s s hng trong kt qu s cng t i.
- Tt c cc s 1 phi c gom thnh nhm v mt s 1 c th nhiu nhm.
- S s 1 trong mi nhm cng nhiu cng tt nhng phi l bi ca 2k (mi nhm c
th c 1, 2, 4, 8 ... s 1). C mi nhm cha 2k s 1 th t hp bin tng ng vi nhm
gim i k s hng.
- Kim tra bo m s nhm gom c khng tha.

2.3.2.5. Qui tc rt gn
- Kt qu cui cng c ly nh sau:
Hm rt gn l tng ca cc tch: Mi s hng ca tng tng ng vi mt nhm cc s
1 ni trn v s hng ny l tch ca cc bin, bin A (hay A ) l tha s ca tch khi tt c cc
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 16
s 1 ca nhm ch cha trong phn na bng trong bin A c gi tr 1 (hay 0). Ni cch
khc nu cc s 1 ca nhm ng thi nm trong cc ca bin A v A th bin A s c
n gin. Hnh di y minh ha vic ly cc tha s trong tch
Th d i vi bng (H 2.9) ta c kt qu nh sau:
- Hm Y l hm 4 bin A,B,C,D
- Nhm 1 cha 2 s 1 (k=1), nh vy nhm 1 s
cn 3 bin, theo hng, 2 s 1 ny 2 ng vi A B v
AB, bin A s c n gin v theo ct th 2 ny ng
vi t hp C . D .
Kt qu ng vi nhm 1 l: B. C . D
- Nhm 2 cha 4 s 1 (4=22 , k=2), nh vy nhm
2 s cn 2 bin, theo hng, 4 s 1 ny 2 ng vi t
hp A B v A B, bin B s c n gin v theo ct
th 4 ny ng vi t hp CD v C D , cho php n
gin bin D .
Kt qu ng vi nhm 2 l: A C.
(H 2.9)

- Nhm 3 cha 4 s 1 (4=22 , k=2), nh vy nhm

2 s cn 2 bin, theo hng, 4 s 1 ny ng vi t hp A B, theo ct 4 s 1 ny chim ht 4
ct nn 2 bin Cv D c n gin.
Kt qu ng vi nhm 3 l: A B.
V hm Y rt gn l: Y = B C D + A C + A B
Di y l mt s th d
Th d 1 : Rt gn hm Y = f(A,B,C) = A . B .C+ A .B.C+A. B . C +A. B .C+A.B.C

(H 2.10)
(H 2.10) cho

Y = AB + C

Th d 2 : Rt gn hm Y = f(A,B,C,D) = (0,2,4,5,8,10,12,13) vi A=MSB

(H 2.11)
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_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 17
Y = BC + B D

(H 2.11) cho

Th d 3 : Rt gn hm S cho bi bng s tht:

N

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1015

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

S
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
x (Khng xc nh)

Bng Karnaugh: (H 2.12)

(H 2.12)
Kt qu : S = B C + B C

2.3.2.6. Rt gn cc hm nhiu bin bng cch dng bng Karnaugh 4

bin:
rt gn cc hm nhiu bin (5 v 6 bin) ngi ta c th dng bng Karnaugh 4
bin. Di y l vi th d:
Th d 4 : Rt gn hm f(A,B,C,D,E) = (0,2,8,10,13,15,16,18,24,25,26,29,31) vi
(7,9,14,30) khng xc nh
- Trc nht v 2 bng Karnaugh cho 4 bin BCDE, mt ng vi A v mt vi A
- Bng ng vi A dng cho cc s t 0 n 15
- Bng ng vi A dng cho cc s t 16 n 31
- Nhm cc s 1 c cng v tr hai bng, kt qu s n gin bin A
- Nhm cc s 1 ca tng bng cho n ht , kt qu c xc nh nh cch lm thng
thng, nh A v A trong tng nhm (H 2.13).

___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 18

(H 2.13)
nhm (1) cho : C E ;
(2) cho : BCE ;
Vy f(A,B,C,D,E) = C E + BCE + BDE

(3) cho : BDE

Th d 5 : Rt gn hm
f(A,B,C,D,E,F)=(2,3,6,7,8,9,12,13,14,17,24,25,28,29,30,40,41,44,45,46,56,57,59,60,61,63)
Tng t nh trn nhng phi v 4 bng cho:
A B cho cc s (0-15) ;
A B cho cc s (16-31) ;
AB cho cc s (48-63) v
A B cho cc s (32-47).

(H 2.14)
Kt qu: (1) cho C E ; (2) A CD F + BCD F ; (3) A BCE ; (4) A BD EF ; (5) ABCF
Vy:
f(A,B,C,D,E,F) = C E + A BCE + ABCF + A CD F + BCD F + A BD EF

___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 19
2.3.3. Phng php Quine-Mc. Cluskey
Phng php Quine-Mc. Cluskey cng da trn tnh k ca cc t hp bin n gin
s bin trong cc s hng ca biu thc dng tng (minterm). Trong qu trnh n gin ny c
th xut hin cc s hng ging nhau m ta c th b bt c.
Phng php c thc hin qua 2 giai an:
Giai an 1: Da trn tnh k ca cc t hp bin n gin s bin trong cc s hng
ca biu thc dng tng (minterm).
Giai an 2: Kim tra v thc hin vic ti gin .
Th d di y minh ha cho vic thc hin phng php rt gn mt hm logic.
Th d 1: Rt gn hm f(A,B,C,D) = (1,2,4,5,6,10,12,13,14)
Giai an 1
- Cc minterm c nhm li theo s s 1 c trong t hp v ghi li trong bng theo th
t s 1 tng dn:
Trong th d ny c 3 nhm:
Nhm cha mt s 1 gm cc t hp 1, 2, 4
Nhm cha hai s 1 gm cc t hp 5, 6, 10, 12
Nhm cha ba s 1 gm cc t hp 13, 14
Bng 1:
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

1
2
4
5
6
10
12
13
14

A
0
0
0

B
0
0
1

C
0
1
0

D
1
0
0

0
0
1
1
1
1

1
1
0
1
1
1

0
1
1
0
0
1

1
0
0
0
1
0

- Mi t hp trong mt nhm s c so snh vi mi t hp trong nhm k cn. Nu

2 t hp ch khc nhau mt bin, ta c th dng biu thc AB + A B = B n gin c 1
bin. Bin n gin c thay bi du -. nh du x vo cc t hp xt trnh sai st
Nh vy, t hp th nht ca nhm th nht 0001 so snh vi t hp th nht ca nhm
th hai 0101 v chng ch khc nhau bin B, vy chng c th n gin thnh 0-01. Hai s
hng 1 v 5 c gom li thnh nhm (1,5) v c ghi vo bng 2.
Tip tc so snh t hp 0001 ny vi cc t hp cn li ca nhm 2 (0110, 1010, 1100),
v chng khc nhau nhiu hn 1 bit nn ta khng c kt qu no khc. Nh vy, ta so
snh xong t hp th nht, nh du x trc t hp ny ghi nh.
Cng vic tin hnh tng t cho nhm th hai v th ba.
Lu : Nhn xt v vic so snh cc t hp vi nhau ta thy c th thc hin nhanh c
bng cch lm bi ton tr 2 s nh phn tng ng ca 2 t hp, nu kt qu l mt s c tr
= 2k (1, 2, 4,8 ...) th 2 t hp so snh c v bin c n gin chnh l bin c trng
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 20
s =2k (th d 2 t hp 1 v 5 c hiu s l 4 nn n gin c bin B), nu hiu s 2k th 2
t hp khng so snh c, tc khng c bin c n gin.
Kt qu cho bng th hai
- Bng th hai gm cc t hp c rt gn v ch cn li 2 nhm (gim mt nhm
so vi bng 1).
Bng 2
A
B
C
D
1,5 0
0
1
x
2,6 0
1
0
x
2,10 0
1
0
x
4,5 0
1
0
x
4,6 0
1
0
x
4,12 1
0
0
x
5,13 1
0
1
x
6,14 1
1
0
x
10,14 1
1
0
x
12,13 1
1
0
x
12,14 1
1
0
Thc hin cng vic tng t nh trn vi hai nhm trong bng th hai ny, cc s
hng s c nhm li nu chng ch khc nhau mt bin v c v tr du - trng nhau. Ta
c bng th 3.
Bng 3:
2,6 ; 10,14
2,10 ; 6,14
4,5 ; 12,13
4,6 ; 12,14
4,12 ; 5,13
4,12 ; 6,14

A
-

B
1
1
1
1

C
1
1
0
0
-

D
0
0
0
0

Quan st bng th 3 ta thy c cc t hp ging nhau, nh vy ta c th lai b bt cc

t hp ny v ch gi li mt.
Kt qu ca hm rt gn gm tng cc s hng tng ng vi cc t hp khng gom
thnh nhm trong cc bng u tin, l t hp (1,5) trong bng 2, tr tng ng l A C D
vi cc t hp cn li trong bng cui cng, l cc t hp (2,6 ; 10,14) m tr tng ng l
C D , (4,5 ; 12,13) cho B C v (4,6 ; 12,14) cho B D trong bng 3. Vy:
f(A,B,C,D) = A C D + C D + B C + B D
n y, nu quan st cc t hp cho cc kt qu trn, ta thy cc t hp cn cha cc
s hng ging nhau (s 4 v s 12 chng hn), nh vy kt qu trn c th l cha ti gin.
Giai an 2:
c th rt gn hn na ta lp mt bng nh sau:
Ct bn tri ghi li cc t hp chn c trong giai on 1, cc ct cn li ghi cc tr
thp phn c trong hm ban u.
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 21
Trn cng hng ca t hp ta nh du * di cc ct c s tng ng (v d hng cha
t hp 1,5 c cc du * ct 1 v 5). Tng t cho cc t hp khc.
Bng 4

1,5
2,6 ; 10,14
4,5 ; 12,13
4,6 ; 12,14

1
*

5
*

*
*
x

10

*
x

*
x

12

13

14
*

*
*
x

*
x

*
x

Xt cc ct ch cha mt du *, l cc ct 1,2,10 v 13, cc t hp cng hng vi

cc du * ny s c chn, l cc t hp (1,5), (2,6 ; 10,14), (4,5 ; 12,13), tng ng vi
A C D + C D + B C . nh du X di cc ct tng ng vi cc s c trong cc t hp
chn. Nu tt c cc ct u c nh du th cc t hp chn din t hm ban u.
Trong trng hp ca bi ton ny, sau khi chn cc t hp ni trn th tt c ct
c nh du do kt qu cui cng l (sau khi loai b t hp B D ):
f(A,B,C,D) = A C D + C D + B C
Th d 2: Rt gn hm f(A,B,C,D) = (3,4,6,7,8,11,12,15)
Giai an 1
Bng 1:
A
B
C
D
x
4 0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
x
8
0
1
1
x
3 0
1
1
0
x
6 0
1
1
0
0
x
12
x
7 0
1
1
1
x
11 1
0
1
1
x
15 1
1
1
1
So snh cc t hp ca 2 nhm gn nhau ta c kt qu cho bng th hai
- Bng th hai gm cc t hp c rt gn v ch cn li 3 nhm (gim mt nhm
so vi bng 1).
Bng 2

x
x
x
x

4,6
4,12
8,12
3,7
3,11
6,7
7,15
11,15

A
0
1
0
0
1

B
1
1
0
1
1
-

C
0
0
1
1
1
1
1

D
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 22
Bng 3:
A
-

3,7 ; 11,15
3,11 ; 7,15

B
-

C
1
1

D
1
1

Kt qu ca hm rt gn gm tng cc s hng tng ng vi cc t hp khng gom

thnh nhm: (4,6), (4,12), (8,12), (6,7) v (3,7;11,15)
f(A,B,C,D) = CD+ A B D + B C D + A C D + A BC
Giai an 2:
Bng 4
3,7;11,15
4,6
4,12
8,12
6,7

3
*

*
*

7
*

11
*

*
x

15
*

*
*

*
*

12

Cc ct 3, v 8 ch cha mt du *, cc t hp cng hng vi cc du * ny s c

chn, l cc t hp (3,7;11,15) v , (8,12), tng ng vi CD v A C D .
nh du X di cc ct tng ng vi cc s c trong cc t hp chn.
n y ta thy cn 2 ct 4 v 6 cha c du X, trong lc chng ta cn n 3 t hp
chn. D nhin trong trng hp ny ta ch cn chn t hp (4,6) ( A B D ) thay v chn (4,12)
v (6,7) th du X lp y cc ct.
Tm li:
f(A,B,C,D) = CD + A B D + A C D
Th d v bi ton y :
Th d 1:
Cho hm logic F(A, B, C) tha tnh cht: F(A,B,C) = 1 nu c mt v ch mt bin
bng 1
a- Lp bng s tht cho hm F.
b- Rt gn hm F.
c- Din t hm F ch dng hm AND v NOT
Gii
a. Da vo iu kin ca bi ton ta c bng s tht ca hm F:
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

F(A,B,C)
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0

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_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 23
b. Rt gn hm F
Bng Karnaugh

F(A, B.C) = A BC + A BC + A BC
c. Din t hm F ch dng hm AND v NOT
Dng nhl De Morgan, ly o 2 ln hm F:

F(A, B.C) = F(A, B.C) = A BC + A BC + A BC = A BC.A BC.A BC

Th d 2:
Cho hm logic F(A, B, C, D) tha tnh cht: F(A,B,C,D) = 1 khi c t nht 3 bin
bng 1
a- Rt gn hm F.
b- Din t hm F ch dng hm OR v NOT
Gii
a- Rt gn hm F
Ta c th a hm v bng Karnaugh m khng cn v bng s tht.
Ta a s 1 vo tt c cc cha 3 tr 1 tr ln

V kt qu ca hm rt gn l:
F(A,B,C,D) = ABC + ABD + ACD + BCD
b- Din t hm F ch dng hm OR v NOT
Dng nh l De Morgan cho tng s hng trong tng
Vit li hm F:

F(A, B,C,D) = ABC + ABD + ACD + BCD

= A + B+ C+ A + B+ D + A + C+ D + B+ C + D

BI TP
1. Din t mi mnh di y bng mt biu thc logic:
a/ Tt c cc bin A,B,C,D u bng 1
b/ Tt c cc bin A,B,C,D u bng 0
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 24
c/ t nht 1 trong cc bin X,Y,Z,T bng 1
d/ t nht 1 trong cc bin X,Y,Z,T bng 0
e/ Cc bin A,B,C,D ln lt c gi tr 0,1,1,0
2. Tnh o ca cc hm sau:
a/ f1 = (A + B)( A + B )
b/ f2 = (A + B + C )(B + C + D)( A + C + D)
c/ f3 = A(C + D) + ( A + C)( B + C + D)
d/ f4 = (AB + C)(BC + D) + A BC + C D
e/ f5 = A B C + A B C + A(BC + B C )
3. Chng minh bng i s cc biu thc sau:
a/ A.B + A .B = A .B + A. B
b/ A.B + A .C = (A + C)(A + B)
c/ A.C + B.C = A .C + B.C
d/ (A + B)(A + C)(B + C) = (A + B)(A + C)
e/ (A + C)(B + C) = (A + C)(B + C)
4. Vit di dng tng chun cc hm xc nh bi:
a/ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu s nh phn (ABC)2 l s chn
b/ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu c t nht 2 bin s = 1
c/ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu s nh phn (ABC)2 >5
d/ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu s bin s 1 l s chn
e/ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu c 1 v ch 1 bin s =1
5. Vit di dng tch chun cc hm bi tp 4
6. Vit di dng s cc bi tp 4
7. Vit di dng s cc bi tp 5
8. Rt gn cc hm di y bng phng php i s (A = MSB)
a/ f1 = ABC + A B C + AB C D
b/ f2 = (A+BC) + A ( B + C )(AD+C)
c/ f3 = (A+B+C)(A+B+ C )( A +B+C)( A +B+ C )
d/ f4(A,B,C,D) = (0,3,4,7,8,9,14,15)
e/ f5 = A B + AC + BC
f/ f6 = (A+ C )(B+C)(A+B)
9. Dng bng Karnaugh rt gn cc hm sau: (A = MSB)
a/ f(A,B,C) = (1,3,4)
b/ f(A,B,C) = (1,3,7)
c/ f(A,B,C) = (0,3,4,6,7)
d/ f(A,B,C) = (1,3,4) . Cc t hp bin 6,7 cho hm khng xc nh
e/ f(A,B,C) = A .B.C + A .B.C + A. B.C + A.B.C
f/ f(A,B,C,D) = (5,7,13,15)
g/ f(A,B,C,D) = (0,4,8,12)
h/ f(A,B,C,D) = (0,2,8,10)
i/ f(A,B,C,D) = (0,2,5,6,9,11,13,14)
j/ f(A,B,C,D) = (0,1,5,9,10,15)
k/ f(A,B,C,D) = (0,5,9,10) vi cc t hp bin (2,3,8,15) cho hm khng xc nh
l/ f(A,B,C,D,E) = (2,7,9,11,12,13,15,18,22,24,25,27,28,29,31)
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 2

Hm Logic II - 25
m/ f(A,B,C,D.E) = (0,2,8,10,13,15,16,18,24,25,26,29,31) vi cc t hp bin
(7,9,14,30) cho hm khng xc nh
n/ f(A,B,C,D,E,F) =
(2,3,6,7,8,9,12,13,14,17,24,25,28,29,30,40,41,44,45,46,56,57,59,60,61,63)
o/ f(A,B,C,D,E,F) =
(9,11,13,15,16,18,20,22,25,27,29,31,32,34,36,38,41,43,45,47,48,50,52,54)
10. Lm li cc bi tp t 9f bng phng php Quine-Mc Cluskey.

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_________________________________________________________Nguyn Trung Lp
K THUT S