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i Mi - Sng To: bi hc t Kungfu Panda Tc gi: TS. INH TH PHONG (VIN CHIN LC - CHNH SCH KH&CN) Bi c xut bn.: 17/03/2011 06:00 GMT+7

(VEF.VN) - i Mi - Sng To (M-ST) tp trung ch yu vo hai lnh vc: cng ngh v kinh doanh. M-ST, cn t duy mi, lun da trn Thay - i (Change) ng vi vn bin bn ngoi.

Hai cch tin hnh i Mi - Sng To

i Mi - Sng To (M-ST) tp trung ch yu vo hai lnh vc: cng ngh v kinh doanh. u tin l xo b c ch cng nhc, mang nng tnh hn lm, lp c ch mi da vo th trng, doanh nghip. Ngoi cng ngh hu hnh mi, iu quan trng l ti ch to cc qu trnh hot ng (re-engineering), gn cc ngnh, nn kinh t mang tnh quc gia vo cc chui cung ng, nn kinh t th gii. M-ST tm ra cc m hnh kinh doanh mi, ngun lc mi, th trng mi. M-ST, cn t duy mi, lun da trn Thay - i (Change) ng vi vn bin bn ngoi.

C hai cch tin hnh M-ST. Cch mt l: nh nc thit k, pht ng, hay "t trn xung" (top-down). Cch hai l t cc c nhn trong x hi thy c li cho mnh th lm. y cng khng nht thit l "t di ln" (bottom-up) v cha chc vic cc c nhn lm di "lan to" c ln trn!

Hu ht cc nc lm theo cch mt: Tc l, nh nc lp ra mt t chc, mt h thng (thng gi l Quc Gia Canh Tn H, national innovation system-NIS) thit k, trin khai chng trnh canh tn. Cch ny mang tnh ch ng, tch cc, th hin r trch nhim, tnh cam kt, tm nhn ca quc gia. i hi ng Trung Quc nm 2007 tuyn b: "Trung Quc s pht trin da trn khoa hc". B e da cc nc khc qua mt, thng ip lin bang ca tng thng M Obama ngy 25/1/2011 ku gi "th gii thay i, nc M phi thay i". Trong , ng ch yu hi thc nc M M-ST.

Tng thng M Obama ngy 25/1/2011 ku gi "th gii thay i, nc M phi thay i", v hi thc nc M M-S

Cch tip cn ny c hiu qu cao hn v c lng ghp hp l khoa hc - cng ngh - i mi (v d cc phc cng ngh, technology mapping) vi mc tiu kinh t-x hi; v, ci chnh l: to ra c "cn bo" ca khng ch Tri-Thc m Tm-Huyt, mt phong tro ca c dn tc v hiu ng cng nng (synergy effect) gia cc lnh vc.

tc v hiu ng cng nng (synergy effect) gia cc lnh vc.

Ch cch ny mi em li nhng ti cu trc ln cho nn kinh t quc dn, nh vic o ngc t l lnh vc nng nghip-phi nng nghip (ch yu l cng nghip - dch v), v d t 70%-30% thnh 30%-70%, chuyn ngi lm ngh nng sang nhng chui gi tr cao hn vi gi tr gia tng ln hn.

Cch hai l bt u t cc c nhn trong x hi. Khi h c k nng, trnh , h s nm bt c hi lm giu cho chnh h. Theo cch ny, cc t chc M-ST c th o to, hun luyn v cng ngh, kinh doanh (c bit v cc m hnh kinh doanh - cng ngh trong bi cnh mi), v t duy, cch nhn v c nhng quan im mi. Qua , mi ngi nhn bit c hi mi, qut ht cc tnh hung, gii php c th c. Vic t to ra my ct c, xay st go, my lm t, my bay trc thng ca cc anh "hai la" hay cc ci tin do ngi lao ng t lm l biu hin c trng cch tip cn th hai ny.

Vn x hi th no th M-ST th ny

M-ST ny mm t nn tng x hi. Ta khng th to ra, thm ch s dng mt cch bn vng, cng ngh ca ngi khc (hin i hn vi nn vn minh ca ta). Bi hc rt ra l: vic to ra, hay s dng hiu qu, cng ngh mi phi lm ng b vi vic to dng ta mt nn tng x hi thch hp.

Cc quc gia c mc Thnh Vng (Wealth of the Nation) khc nhau.

Khi mt ngi Mehico nhp c vo M th nng sut lao ng ca anh ta s tng ln nm ln so vi khi Mehico. V sao vy? n gin v khi thnh ngi M, theo nghin cu ca Ngn hng Th gii, anh ta c th hng mt ti sn v hnh l 418.000 la M; trong khi i vi ngi Mehico, ti sn ny ch l 34.000 m thi! S Thnh Vng Quc Gia ph thuc t vo cc yu t hu hnh (tangible) nh my mc, cng ngh, ti nguyn, m ch yu vo yu t v hnh (intangible) nh lng tin ca con ngi trong x hi, nn php ch hu hiu, quyn s hu tr tu minh bch v nng lc ca chnh ph. Ngun vn v hnh ny lm tng nng sut lao ng ca ngi lao ng. Nh vy, vn con ngi (human capital) v gi tr ca cc th ch (nh nc php quyn) to ra phn ln s thnh vng ca quc gia.

Cng ngh nhp khu m khng da trn mt nn tng x hi tng thch th khng th bn vng. Gn y, khi gp kh khn v cc khu cng ngh cao khng hiu qu, cc nh hoch nh M-ST ca Trung Quc ng ra rng: h phi c nhng "Einstein" th nhng "thung lng Silicon" ca h mi pht huy c! Einstein y l ch con ngi M-ST, nh sn phm ca mt x hi M-ST vi y ngun vn v hnh thch hp vi thung lng Silicon. Nhiu khu cng ngh cao ca nhiu nc khng c hiu qu, thm ch khng hot ng v nhng ht ging cng ngh cao khng th ny mm trn mt mnh t cn ci, khng c M-ST. Ngc li, khi hi cc yu t thch hp, cng ngh cao s pht trin nh mt tin trnh tt yu. Cc nh hoch nh cng ngh cao th gii minh ha iu ny mt cch hm hnh rng "Thung lng Silicon ca M l khu cng ngh cao duy nht trn th gii m ra i khng da trn vic lp k hoch!".

Nhiu chng trnh quc gia trn th gii nh v cng nghip ho, c kh ho, cng ngh cao, kinh t tri thc... , ang b tr tr, tr hon hay ph sn ch yu v cc chnh ph khng to ra cc yu t x hi v hnh ny.

B quyt cho M-ST cng nh chuyn hc v Kungfu ca gu Panda

Cu chuyn ca chim ng

Kinh nghim cho thy: cc nn khoa hc - cng ngh, ht nhn ca M-ST, c bit nc ang pht trin, qu ch trng vo nhng yu t vt cht, vo thit b, my mc, vo xy c s h tng... Ch sau mt thi gian di, (may ra) h mi thy rng: ta phi c cc c ch, cc t duy, quan im mi. Ni cch khc: i mi u tin l i mi chnh chng ta.

Cu chuyn chim ng gip minh ha iu ny.

Cuc i chim ng ko di khong 70 nm. Nhng sng c qung i , n phi tri qua mt quyt nh kh khn.

n 40 nm tui, mng vut chim ng di ra, mm i lm n khng cn bt v qup mi c na. M di v sc ca n nay cn i, cong li... i cnh tr nn nng n vi b lng mc di lm n vt v khi bay ln, bt mi.

Lc ny, n ng trc hai s la chn. Mt l c nh vy v chu cht. Hai l: n s phi t tri qua mt tin trnh thay i au n ko di 150 ngy. Trong tin trnh , n bay ln mt nh ni v g m vo cho n khi m c gy ra. Chim ng ch cho m mi mc ra, ri dng m b gy cc mng vut c mn. Khi c mng vut mi, n nh cc lng gi trn mnh i. V sau nm thng, chim ng li bay ln cho mng cuc ti sinh v sng thm ba mi nm na.

tn ti, ta phi thay i chnh mnh. i khi cn phi loi b nhng k c, qu kh, thi quen gi ci. Ch khi thot khi gnh nng ca qu kh, ta mi sng ht mnh trong hin ti c.

Vic ny chc chn gian kh, phi sa chnh ci mnh lp ra v i hi vt ln chnh mnh.

Theo Keynes, "kh khn khng phi l c tng mi, m ch thot khi cc t duy c" (The difficulty lies, not in the new ideas, but in escaping from the old ones).

M-ST: B quyt ca gu Kungfu Panda

Cc nh hc thut, chuyn gia a ra rt nhiu gii php, t u i n b my, t kinh nghim quc t n c th mi nc... C ngi ni n nhng b quyt nh nhng php mu, hay s xut hin ca mt ng tin.

Nhng c l, b quyt cho M-ST cng nh chuyn hc v Kungfu ca con gu Panda vng v, mp , thng con Ta-Lung hung d, kho hn n ngn ln (xem phim Gu Kungfu Panda). Khng c s ph dy, nhng n t ng ra ngn n him v ng ra b quyt ca cuc i. l: chng c b quyt g c, m ch l s am m, qun ht tm vo iu mnh mun lm.

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