3114 THERMODYNAMICS Formulas to Remember I. First Law for a Closed System II.

First Law for an Open System V2 V1 + g(z2 z1 )] Q W = m[h2 h1 + 2 m = AV III. Ideal Gas Equation of State and P v = RT IV. Eciencies and COPs Wnet wnet = qin Qin QL COPR = W QH COPHP = W For a Carnot Cycle (engine, refrigerator, or heat pump) = TH QH = QL TL VI. Turbines, compressors, and pumps wreal wideal wideal comp = wreal wideal pump = wreal turb = VII. For Ideal Gases U = mCV T H = mCP T VIII. For Liquids and Solids U = mCv T Cv Cp IX. For liquids wpump = vP P V = mRT
2 2

E2 E1 = Q W