2

462/06

, 2008.

:
1. ............................................................................................................................. 3
2. .............................................................................................................................. 3
3. .................................................................................................................... 3
4. ............................................................................................................. 4
5. ........................................................................ 5
6. .......................................................................................... 7
7. ......................................................................... 9
8. ................................................................................... 16
9. .................................................................. 18
10. ..................................................................................................................... 22

 ,

: AB, k(O, AB).
AB , X , ,
(O,X) (A,B).

. X
OX.
k(O,r), r .
. k X ,
X<r.
.

, .

.
AB . C
AB, OC
AB.
.
.
.

.
(OC1<r)

.
.

(OC2=r),
. .
3

: p k
.

:
T k(,r). PT
PT TO.
: => PT . PTO ,
PT TO . =<90.
l , ,l=180-2.
X l, ( OTY= OYT= ),
OT=OY=r. PT , . , PTO .

<=. PT TO. T1 PT 1 1, 1 >=r. , T1 PT ,

PT .

(OC3>r) . .

. k(O,r1) l(S,r2) (r1>r2) ,
:
1. S>r1+r2 , .
2. S=r1+r2 ,
; .
3. S=r1 -r2, , l
; .
4

4. r1 -r2 <S< r1+r2 ,

.
5. S<r1-r2, , l k.

.

. , .

k(,r) .
.
, .

. .
. .
,
. ,
.

, 

,+

:
1.
. , , k(,r) : N=2 N.
: :
(1) N N.
(==) .
N :
N= + =2 =2 N.
(2) .
. ( (1)):
MON= MOP+ PON=2 MAO+2 NAO=2( MAO+ NAO)=2 MAN.

(3) .
: MON= PON- POM=2 PAN2 PAM=2( PAN - PAM)=2 MAN.
MN.
1 :
1. .
.

2. ) ,
, .
) , , .
. ,
360, . 1.
3.
.
. MAN MN, LM L,A MN MB . BM ML
BN MN ( 1), LMN MBN
. 2 MAN ,
.


1. A, B, C. k1 AB, k2
AC, P. B, C .
2. . .
3. , p
AC
p , PB , , C,D . :
BD
) , ( APC = ( BAD - ( CDA.
) , ( APC = ( BAD + ( CDA.
4. A, B, C D . ABCD, P. ( ABC=66, ( BCD=88 ( APD =100,
( ABD.
5. A, B, C, D, , . K, L, ,
.
K, L, , .
6. k1 k2 AB. q, ,
P1 Q1 k2 P2 Q2. ( P1BP2 = ( Q1BQ2.
7. ABCD : ( ABC=40, ( ACB=100
( ADB = 50. ( ACD, ( CAD 15.
8. ABC . ,
AB, CH, .
9. , C, k1 B k2
C. BB1 k1 CC1 k2.
,B C .
10. k1 k2 B.
k1, k2, k2, k2
N, O2N P.
k2?
11. B D k. C B
D, ( C=90. CD C B
F G. G CF.
12. BC , L .
KLM , BC.
13. U BC.
, ,
1
( UCO= ( ) .
2
14. BC ( BC =76 ( BC=40.
, ( PC= ( PC=50. ( PB ( BPC.
15. BC
,N,P. , . ( :
BN MP CP MN.)
16. AB. , B
C, C =2B.
7

17. D C,
B=BC. B CD .
18. BC
. ( BAR= ( C.
19. ,B,C D. C CA1
CB1, BD D. 1 BB1 .

. 9.

. 10.

20. , , B,B1
C,C1, . 10. ( 3B1 + ( BO1C1 + CO21 =180.
21. BC O >,
( H= .
22. C BD . BC , CD N, =CN. BN P.
P PN.
23. BCD ( BC=102 ( DC=129. B=BC=2cm,
BD.
24. B , BC BD, C D B.
C B, C
B. ( CNM.
25. B k . C,
BC = B. C D. BD =CD.
26. B , N. ( MAN+ ( BN.
27. CB, C>BC. C D. D
, BC .
B=C.
28. k1 k2, k1 k2 B.
.

29. L, M, N BC ( .)
LMN .
30. k1 k2 N. p , , k1 k2 B.
k1, k2.
, p.
31. . B ,
. B.
32. k1 k2 B. k . B, k k2 k k2, .
33. k1 k2 O1 O2 B,
C D, C
O1O2. ( 102 = 2 ( CD.

1. ( PB ( PC , ,
( PB+ ( PC =180, . 1. , C .

. 1.

. 2.

2. b k 1 2 B1, B2, . 2.
: ( 1 2 B1 = ( 2B1B2
q
AB = q
A B , : 1B1 = 2B2.
1 1

3. p1 p2 k ,B C,D.
) , . 3, ( BAD PD,
( PC= ( PD = ( BAD ( CDA, .

. 3.

. 4.

) , ( APC PD,
( APC= ( BAD+ ( CDA, . 4.

4. ( BD =, . 5. BCP :
( PBC=66 , ( BPC = ( PD =100 ( BCP =88 ( ( ACD= ( BD= ,
D). ( PBC + ( BPC + ( BCP =180 =37.

. 5.

. 6.

p , CD
p , DA
p = ( B, = ( BOC,
5. p
AB, BC
= ( COD = ( DOA. +++=360. , L, , . NL, P, . 6. KLP ( LP
, ( KPN= ( PL+ ( PL. , ( PL= ( NL= ( NL +


1
( PKL= ( MKL= + . ( KPN= (+++)=
( ALK = +
4
4 4
4 4
90, .

6. ( P1Q1 ( P2Q2 . ( P1BQ1= ( P1AQ1

( ) ( P2BQ2 = ( P2Q2, ( P1BQ1= ( P2BQ2.
( P1BP2 = ( P1BQ2 + P2BQ2= ( P1BQ2 + ( P1BQ1=Q1BQ2
7. ABC, . 7, 40 100,
( BAC=40, BC C=BC.
C C, B. ( CB=100 , ( DB =50, ( DB
B. D , CD
C=CD. ( CD = x. ( DC= ( CAD=x15.
CD : x+x15=180. x= 50.

. 7.

. 8.

8. B , B , . 8.
( BCM= 90, C H =h. HC ,
=CH.

10

9. B1B B, 1 1.
( C1C=90, C1 CC1. CC1 BB1 C1 BB1.
B1 BB1 C1 BB1, .
10. B. ( PB ,
B k2. ( B k2 , . 9.
( BN PN, ( BN= ( PB+ ( B. ,
( BN , , ( MO2N .
B, ( MO2N , .

. 9.

. 10.

11. CD ( D), ( C= ( DC,

p ( BAC= ( DC. , . 10. p
AC BC
( C= ( CAB, G =CG. ( FC CF ( CAF, ( CF ( DF. ( FC= ( DC, CFG CG
=FG. , G =CG =FG, G F.

1
( L (
2
). L L , ( L =180
12. . 11. ( L=

. ( L = 90

. : ( L = 90

. 11.

( L =90 .
2
2

. 12.

13. S BC. BCO ,

1
( CS=90 ( OS. ( OS = ( COB, ( COB=2 ( BC=2 (
2
), ( COS=. . 12
( UCO= ( UCS ( OCS. , CU , :

11

( UCO=
( UC=

(90).

+ =

90=

180D
= + +
2
2 2 2

, .

14. PC , P=CP, ( PC=1805050=80, . 13.

k P. ( PC , ( BC=40, k.
( CB=1807640=64,
( PB=2 ( CB=128 , ,
( BPC=2 ( BC=152.

. 13.

. 14.

15. U BC, . 14, Q p : ( BNP= ( BCP= . B

NP. BP
2
( UN , ( UN =

( QNU+ ( NUQ=
NP.

. , NQU :

=90, : ( NQU=90,

16. . 15.

. 15.

17. ( B= . B=BC ( BC = ,
1
( C=2. ( DC = ( C=.
2
( B= ( DC, B CD .
18. . ( C=90, . 16. : ( BC= ( C ( C), BP C
: ( BP = ( C.

12

19. : ( 1CB1= ( DB ( ), . 17. 1B1=B, ( AB1A1= ( B1B. , 1 BB1.

. 16.

. 17.

20. . ,
. q . ( . : ( B1B1= ( B3B1= ( BB
1
: BB1.) , :

q + (CA
p = (q
q + (CC
q (q
q
q
AB1 + ( BC
AA1 + ( BB
A1 B1 ( B
(q
1
1
1
1
1C1 (C1 A1 =

q
q (B
q
q (q
q + ( BA
p
AA (C
A ) + ( (CC
C ) + ( ( BB
A B ) = (q
AC + (CB
(( q
1

1 1

1 1

1 1

BC.

( BAC= ( 1+ ( 1C. ( 1 ( B1=

1
( .
2

1p
1 p
p
= CA

( BC= ( BA

:
1 .
1 + (CA1 ,
2
2
1
q ( BC= 1 ( BC
q + (q
( BC= ( q
AB1 + (CB
AC1 . 1
1
2
2
, BC, .
( 1C

21. , BC BH, . 17. ( H=x. NP x=90 ( NP. CN ( NP ,

( NP= ( NC+ ( CN =+ ( CN. C , ( C=90,
. : ( C= ( BC= ( ),
( C= ( CN = 90 . , ( NP = + 90, x=90( + 90 ) =,
.
22. B BCN, . 18.
( B= ( BNC. ( BNC+ ( CBN = 90, ( B+ ( CBN =90,
BMP ( BPM= ( APB =90= ( PN. ,
B ( ).
( B=45, ( P =45 ( ). P
( PN.

13

. 18.

23. k B, . 19, C. C, ,
1
. ( C= ( BC =51. ( DC=129=180
2
51, ( DC k C,
D k. BD k,
BD =2 cm.

. 19.

. 20.

24. ( NC ( C , C
. ( CN ( C ( C).
( C = ( BD ( BC = 6045 =15, ( CN = 15, . 20.
25. BC , . 21, ( BC= ( BC.
( CBD = ( BD = ( BC, BD.
( BCD = ( CBD, BCD BD=CD.

. 21.

. 22.

26. BN ( BN+ ( BN+ ( BN=180, . 22.

( BMN= ( B ( BN= ( BAN ( ), ( BMN +
( BNM= ( B+ ( BAN = ( N. : ( BN+ ( N=180.
27. BC C , BC ,
. 23. ( CD ( DC ( CAD=,
: ( CD= ( DC. CED C=D.
( BDC , ( BDE ( CDE=, ( BDE=.
14

 ( CBD =, BDE =D.

CE= D, C=B.

28. . 24, ( BD= ( CB ( ). 1

q
AOB , ( C= ( CB. ( B= ( C (
2
1
1
), ( B= ( CB= ( BD.
2
2

. 23.

. 24.

29. L BC, . 25. BL

1
1

CL C, ( LBC 1= (180)=90 .
2
2
2

( LCB =90 . : ( MLN= 180 ( LBC ( LCB=180 90D

2
2

D 1
D
D
D
90 = ( + ) = 180 = 90 < 90 .
2 2
2
2

. 25.

. 26.

30. 1 B2 O1N 2P, . 26.

= ( 1O2.
1
= ( S= ( 1= ( 1N
2
1
= ( BS= ( BO2= ( O2P. ( 1=90 ( O2=90,
2
( 1+ ( O102+ ( O2P=180, 90++90=180, =+.
BS : =180( + )=180, a
.

15

31.
( BC= ( B, . 27, B. ( CMT= ( C (
). ( = ( B. :
( = ( C ( B= ( C ( BC = ( B. ( B.

. 27.

. 28.

32. , B, P1, P2, 28.

( BP1 BP2, P1 P2. ( k) , ( BP1 = ( BP2. P1 P2
B, BP1 BP2, ,
1 P2 .

. 29.

33. , , CD, . 29.

C1, ( O1C = ( O1C=x, 1D ( O2D= ( O2D=y. ( 1O2=x+y+=x+y+ ( CD. O1C 2D , = 90x =90y. CD : ( CD ==180 = 180
(90x) - (90y)=x+y. P : ( 1O2=x+y+<CD=2 ( CD, .

1. , B, C, , L, .
BC L.
2. , PB C. P D, D. B, C D .
3. .
B. B, , . H2 = BN.
16

4. k p q,
. p q Q, ( PQ =
90. PQ k.
5. . C, , BD C.
BC D .
6. .
.
7. B BCD, C BD .
B. ,
B > BC.
8. k k1 O1 .
B1. :
) ( BAB1 = 90;
) BB1 OO1 ;
) OO1 BB1 .
9. 1 O2 .

: , B, C,D. 12
.
10. B , B B, .
: , B .
11. k B, BC CD
BCD, D. :
) D, B+CD < BC+D;
) D, B+CD >BC+D.
12. , k1 k2, a b.
, c, ,
N. =BN.
13.
C. ,
1
1
BC, M N, (B+AC)<B+NC < (B+AC).
3
2
14. PA PC k,
AB. D C AB, BP
CD.

17


1. k BC.
BC, , L .
DF , F=D ( ), BC DF . , , L
k.
2. BD =PB ( ),
PD =P, D B, . 30.
( BD = 90 ( ). ,
( BC 90. : ( CBD = ( CB+ ( BD= 90+
90=180, B, C D .
. 30.

3. H BN , ( H= ( B = ( BN ( B). AT BT
BH, . 31. :
, :
=
TH BN
AM TH
AT AM BT TH
=
. :

.
TH AT BN BT
AT BT
AM TH

, : H2 = BN.
=
TH BN

. 31.

. 32.

4. p q ,
, . 32. P R q. P BR (=B ( P = ( RB, ),
P=R. Q PR, PQR .
( PQ= ( RQ, Q PQR. C
PQ. C=B. C PQ, PQ .
5. BD ( B=BD), BO D, . 33.
C . , BC D ,
.

18

. 33.

. 34.

6. ( BC. C, . 34.
B . ,
( B'), B'C B' .
, D. BD
. BD<N, N , A , N C,
BD<C, .
7. , = = B
, , . 35. k
P. ( P=90= ( NP, k. ( PN , . ( B, .
( B k ( ),
N, , .
8. s s t, . 36.
) ) S SB , S k, S=SB1. 1, S .
( BB1=90 ( ). SA OO1, OO1 .

. 35.

. 36.

) OO1. S
1
1
BB11 S = (B +11) = 1 1 =+1=B+O1B1.
2
2
OO1 BB1 .
9. 12 ( O12 = 90. t1 t3
, 1 2, . 37.
O1 2 , . ( O1O2 = 90.
12 B, C, D.

19

10. B , a
. . 38 C BD P. ,
, BP : AP BP < B < P + BP. PC=PD, :

AC BD = AP + PC ( BP + PD ) = AP BP . , P+BP <C+BD,
B<C+BD. : AC BD <B<C+BD. B ,
.
) B, . 39. B>+BF>C+BD ( C .).

37.

38.

) B, . 40, , B. C C'
'. C=BD >B. : B
<=CC =CBD.

. 39.

. 40.

11. ) . 41. B+CD<BC+D, B=BF CF=CG. : ++CG+DG

<BF+CF+D, +DG <B, , ).
) , :
B+CD>BC+D. . 42. B=BF CF=CG, : +B+CG+
+GD>BF+CF+D, : +GD>AD.
, . 37.

. 41.

. 42.
20

12. 1, 2 1, B2,
. 43, a .
. , 2=B2, 1+12=1+12, :
12=12, 1=O1. : 1+2 =1+2. : 1=,
2=,
2==+

1==+

:
+
+N=++. 2A=2BN, =BN, .

. 43.

13. , . 44. P=B NP=

NC, P+NP=N =B+CN. N : MN<+N. : 2N<B+CN++N =(B+)+(CN+N), 2N<B+C
1
< (B+C). , , ,
2
N, > N>N, : 2N>+N.
N=B+CN : 3N >(+B)+(N +CN), 3N >B+C
1
> (B+C).
3

. 44.

. 45

14. S BP CD, . 45. BDS BP

, CD P ( B). :
DS AP
=
. BCD .
BD AB
( CB = 90, , BC AC. P C,
P C. BC P , BCD . BD AO
DS BD AP AO
=

. :
. CD AP
BD CD AB AP
DS AO 1
:
=
= , B .
CD AB 2
CD=2DS, .

21


[1]

. : , TotalDesign,
, , 1997.

[2]

. , . , . , . , .
, , I ,
, , 1996.

[3]

. , , , , 2004.

[4]

. , , , , 2005.

[5]

... , .. , (
.. ), , , 1978.

[6]

.. , , , , 2004.

22