useful formulas name Eulers formula . . . for cosine . . .

for sine sinc function formula ej = cos() + j sin() cos() = sin() = e

j

selected Laplace transform pairs x(t) x(t) (t) u(t) ea t u(t) cos(o t) u(t) X(s) Z 1 1 s 1 s+a s 2 s2 + o o 2 s2 + o s+a 2 (s + a)2 + o o 2 (s + a)2 + o x(t) est dt (def.) all s Re(s) > 0 Re(s) > a Re(s) > 0 Re(s) > 0 Re(s) > a Re(s) > a ROC

+e 2

ej ej 2j sin( )

sinc() :=

formulas for continuous-time LTI signals and systems name area under impulse multiplication by impulse . . . by shifted impulse convolution . . . with an impulse . . . with a shifted impulse transfer function frequency response . . . their connection formula Z (t) dt = 1

sin(o t) u(t) ea t cos(o t) u(t) ea t sin(o t) u(t)

f (t) (t) = f (0) (t) f (t) (t to ) = f (to ) (t to ) Z f (t) g(t) = f ( ) g(t ) d f (t) (t) = f (t) f (t) (t to ) = f (t to ) Z H(s) = h(t) est dt H f () = Z h(t) ejt dt Note: a is assumed real.

Laplace transform properties x(t) a x(t) + b g(t) x(t) g(t) dx(t) dt x(t to ) X(s) a X(s) + b G(s) X(s) G(s) s X(s) es to X(s)

H f () = H(j) provided j-axis ROC

selected Fourier transform pairs x(t) x(t) 1 2 (t) 1 u(t) ejo t cos(o t) sin(o t) o o sinc t symmetric pulse width T , height 1 impulse train period T , height 1 Z X () e
f jt

Fourier transform properties x(t) (def.) a x(t) + b g(t) x(a t) x(t) g(t) x(t) g(t) 1 j x(t to ) x(t) ejo t x(t) cos(o t) x(t) sin(o t) dx(t) dt X f () a X f () + b Gf () 1 X |a| a X f () Gf () 1 X f () Gf () 2 ejto X() X( o ) 0.5 X( + o ) + 0.5 X( o ) j 0.5 X( + o ) j 0.5 X( o ) j X f ()

X f () Z d x(t) ejt dt
f

X () 1 2 () () +

2 ( o ) ( + o ) + ( o ) j ( + o ) j ( o ) ideal LPF cut-o frequency o 2 sin T 2

impulse train period, height o = 2 T