O

K
F
E
D
C
B
A
N THI 10
Bi 1. Cho na ng trn tm O , ng knh BC .im A thuc na ng trn
Dng hnh vung ABED thuc na mt phng b AB, khng cha nh C. Gi F l
giao im ca AE v na ng trn (O) . Gi Kl giao im ca CFv ED
a. chng minh rng 4 im E,B,F,K. nm trn mt ng trn
b. Tam gic BKC l tam gic g ? V sao.
Gii
a. Ta c Z KEB= 90
0
mt khc Z BFC= 90
0
( gc ni tip chn na ng trn)
do CF ko di ct ED ti D
=> Z BFK= 90
0
=> E,F thuc ng trn ng knh BK
hay 4 im E,F,B,K thuc ng trn ng knh BK.
b. Z BCF= ZBAF (hai gc ni tip cng chn cung BF)
M Z BAF= ZBAE=45
0
( tnh cht hnh vung)=> ZBCF= 45
0
Ta c ZBKF= Z BEF( hai gc ni tip cng chn cung BF)
M ZBEF= ZBEA=45
0
(EA l ng cho ca hnh vung ABED)
=> ZBKF=45
0
V ZBKC= Z BCK= 45
0
=> tam gic BCK vung cn ti B
Bi 2 : Cho tam gic c cc gc nhn ABC ni tip ng trn tm O . H l trc tm
ca tam gic. D l mt im trn cung BC khng cha im A.
a, Xc nh v tr ca im D t gic BHCD l hnh bnh hnh.
b, Gi P v Q ln lt l cc im i xng ca im D qua cc ng thng
AB v AC . Chng minh rng 3 im P; H; Q thng hng.
c, Tm v tr ca im D PQ c di ln nht.
Gii
a. Gi s tm c im D trn cung BC sao cho t gic BHCD l hnh bnh hnh .
Khi : BD//HC; CD//HB v H l trc tm tam gic ABC nn
CH AB v BH AC => BD AB v CD AC .
Do : ZABD = 90
0
v ZACD = 90
0
.
Vy AD l ng knh ca ng trn tm O
Ngc li nu D l u ng knh AD
ca ng trn tm O th
t gic BHCD l hnh bnh hnh.
b) V P i xng vi D qua AB nn ZAPB = ZADB
nhng ZADB =ZACB nhng ZADB = ZACB
H
O
P
Q
D
C B
A
K
O
N
M
I
D
C
B
A
Do : ZAPB = ZACB Mt khc:
ZAHB + ZACB = 180
0
=> ZAPB + ZAHB = 180
0
T gic APBH ni tip c ng trn nn ZPAB = ZPHB
M ZPAB = ZDAB do : ZPHB = ZDAB
Chng minh tng t ta c: ZCHQ = ZDAC
Vy ZPHQ = ZPHB + ZBHC +Z CHQ = ZBAC + ZBHC = 180
0
Ba im P; H; Q thng hng
c). Ta thy A APQ l tam gic cn nh A
C AP = AQ = AD v ZPAQ = Z2BAC khng i nn cnh y PQ
t gi tr ln nht AP v AQ l ln nht hay AD l ln nht
D l u ng knh k t A ca ng trn tm O
Bi3: Cho ng trn tm O ng knh AB v CD vung gc vi nhau, ly im I
bt k trn oan CD.
a) Tm im M trn tia AD, im N trn tia AC sao cho I l trung im ca
MN.
b) Chng minh tng MA + NA khng i.
c) Chng minh rng ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AMN i qua hai im c
nh.
Gii
a) Dng (I, IA) ct AD ti M ct tia AC ti N
b) Do MN = 90
0
nn MN l ng knh
Vy I l trung im ca MN
b) K MK // AC ta c : INC = IMK (g.c.g)
=> CN = MK = MD (v MKD vung cn)
Vy AM+AN=AM+CN+CA=AM+MD+CA
=> AM = AN = AD + AC khng i
c) Ta c IA = IB = IM = IN
Vy ng trn ngoi tip AMN i qua hai im A, B c nh .
Bi 4 Cho ng trn (O;R) v mt im A sao cho OA = R 2 . V cc tip tuyn
AB, AC vi ng trn. Mt gc ZxOy = 45
0
ct on thng AB v AC ln lt ti D
v E.Chng minh rng: a. DE l tip tuyn ca ng trn ( O ).
b. R DE R < <
3
2
a.p dng nh l Pitago tnh c
AB = AC = R ABOC l hnh vung
K bn knh OM sao cho
ZBOD = ZMOD
B
M
A
O
C
D
E
ZMOE = ZEOC
Chng minh ABOD = AMOD
ZOMD = ZOBD = 90
0
Tng t: ZOME = 90
0
D, M, E thng hng. Do DE l tip tuyn ca ng trn (O).
b.Xt AADE c DE < AD +AE m DE = DB + EC
2ED < AD +AE +DB + EC hay 2DE < AB + AC = 2RDE < R
Ta c DE > AD; DE > AE ; DE = DB + EC
Bi 5: T im P nm ngoi ng trn tm O bn knh R, k hai tip tuyn PA;
PB. Gi H l chn ng vung gc h t A n ng knh BC.
a) Chng minh rng PC ct AH ti trung im E ca AH
b) Gi s PO = d. Tnh AH theo R v d.
Gii
a) Do HA // PB (Cng vung gc vi BC) nn theo nh l Ta let p dng cho tam
gic CPB ta c
CB
CH
PB
EH
= ; (1)
Mt khc, do PO // AC (cng vung gc vi AB)
=> ZPOB = ZACB (hai gc ng v)
=> A AHC A POB Do :
OB
CH
PB
AH
= (2)
Do CB = 2OB, kt hp (1) v (2) ta suy ra AH = 2EH hay E l trung im ca
AH
b) Xt tam gic vung BAC, ng cao AH ta c AH
2
= BH.CH = (2R - CH).CH
Theo (1) v do AH = 2EH ta c
. ) 2 (
2PB
AH.CB
2PB
AH.CB
AH
2
= R
AH
2
.4PB
2
= (4R.PB - AH.CB).AH.CB
4AH.PB
2
= 4R.PB.CB - AH.CB
2
AH (4PB
2
+CB
2
) = 4R.PB.CB
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
d
R d . 2.R
4R ) R 4(d
R d . 8R
(2R) 4PB
4R.2R.PB
CB 4.PB
4R.CB.PB
AH

=
+

=
+
=
+
=
-
O
B C
H
E
A
P
c
b
a
I
C
B
A
o
2
o
2
tng v ta c: 3DE > 2R DE >
3
2
R Vy R > DE >
3
2
R
Bi 6: Cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O), I l trung im ca BC, M l mt
im trn on CI ( M khc C v I ). ng thng AM ct (O) ti D, tip tuyn ca ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic AIM ti M ct BD v DC ti P v Q.
a) Chng minh DM.AI= MP.IB
b) Tnh t s :
MQ
MP
Gii
Ta c : gc DMP= gc AMQ = gc AIC. Mt khc gc ADB = gc BCA=>
A MPD ng dng vi A ICA =>
IA
MP
CI
DM
= => DM.IA=MP.CI hay DM.IA=MP.IB
(1).
Ta c gc ADC = gc CBA,
Gc DMQ = 180
0
- AMQ=180
0
- gc AIM = gc BIA.
Do A DMQ ng dng vi A BIA =>
IA
MQ
BI
DM
= => DM.IA=MQ.IB (2)
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra
MQ
MP
= 1
Bi 7 Cho tam gic ABC ng phn gic AI, bit AB = c, AC = b,
) 90 (

0
= = A Chng minh rng AI =
c b
Cos bc
+
2
. 2

(Cho Sin2 Cos Sin 2 = )
Gii
+ ;
2
.
2
1
cSin AI S
ABI
=
A
+ ;
2
.
2
1
bSin AI S
AIC
=
A
+ ;
2
1
bcSin S
ABC
=
A AIC ABI ABC
S S S
A A A
+ =
c b
bcCos
c b Sin
bcSin
AI
c b AISin bcSin
+
=
+
=
+ =
2
2
) (
2
) (
2

Bi 8: T mt nh A ca hnh vung ABCD k hai tia to vi nhau mt gc 45

0
.
Mt tia ct cnh BC ti E ct ng cho BD ti P. Tia kia ct cnh CD ti F v ct
ng cho BD ti Q.
a/ Chng minh rng 5 im E, P, Q, F v C cng nm trn mt ng trn.
b/ Chng minh rng: S
AEF
= 2S
A Q P
c/ K trung trc ca cnh CD ct AE ti M tnh s o gc MAB bit ZCPD=ZCMD
1
1
Q
P
M
F
E
D
C
B
A
Gii
a/ ZA
1
vZ B
1
cng nhn on QE di mt gc 45
0
t gic ABEQ ni tip c.
ZFQE = ZABE =1v.
chng minh tng t ta c ZFBE = 1v
Q, P, C cng nm trn ng trn ng kinh EF.
b/ T cu a suy ra AQE vung cn.

AE
AQ
= 2
(1)
tng t APF cng vung cn

AF
AB
= 2
(2)
t (1) v (2) AQP ~ AEF (c.g.c)
AEF
AQP
S
S
= ( 2 )
2
hay S
AEF
= 2S
AQP
c/ thy CPMD ni tip, MC=MD v ZAPD=ZCPD
ZMCD= ZMPD=ZAPD=ZCPD=ZCMD
MD=CD MCD u ZMPD=60
0
m ZMPD l gc ngoi ca ABM ta c ZAPB=45
0
vy ZMAB=60
0
-45
0
=15
0
Bi 9: Cho ng trn (o) vi dy BC c nh v mt im A thay i v tr trn
cung ln BC sao cho AC>AB v AC > BC . Gi D l im chnh gia ca cung nh
BC. Cc tip tuyn ca (O) ti D v C ct nhau ti E. Gi P, Q ln lt l giao im
ca cc cp ng thng AB vi CD; AD v CE.
a. Chng minh rng DE// BC
b. Chng minh t gic PACQ ni tip
c. Gi giao im ca cc dy AD v BC l F Chng minh h thc:
CE
1
=
CQ
1
+
CE
1
Gii a. SZCDE =
2
1
S DC =
2
1
S BD = BCD Z
=> DE// BC (2 gc v tr so le)
b. ZAPC =
2
1
s (AC - DC) = Z AQC
=> T gic APQC ni tip
(v Z APC = Z AQC cng nhn oan AC)
c.T gic APQC ni tip
ZCPQ = Z CAQ (cng chn cung CQ)
ZCAQ = Z CDE (cng chn cung DC)
Z CPQ = Z CDE => DE// PQ
Ta c:
PQ
DE
=
CQ
CE
(v DE//PQ) (1)
G
E
H
M D
C B
A
FC
DE
=
QC
QE
(v DE// BC) (2)
Cng (1) v (2) : 1 = =
+
= +
CQ
CQ
CQ
QE CE
FC
DE
PQ
DE
=>
DE FC PQ
1 1 1
= + (3)
ED = EC (t/c tip tuyn) t (1) suy ra PQ = CQ Thay vo (3) :
CE CF CQ
1 1 1
= +
Bi 10: Cho tam gic ABC c 3 gc nhn; v ng cao AD v BE. Gi H l trc
tm v G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC.
a. Chng minh : tgB . tgC =
HD
AD
b. Chng t rng : HG // BC tgB . tgC = 3
a) (2,5 im) Xt ADB A tg B =
BD
AD
Xt ADC A tg C =
CD
AD
tg B . tg C =
CD BD
AD
.
2
Ta c ABDH ~ AADC
DC
DH
AD
BD
=
BD . DC = DH . AD
tgB . tgC =
DH
AD
AD DH
AD
CD BD
AD
= =
. .
2 2
b)Ta c 3 =
GM
AM
Do Xt AADM c : HG // BC HG // DM
HD
AD
GM
AM
=
tgB.tgC = 3