E

23
23

lim

0+

ai + "

ai

1 + (x )2 dx
()

options

style

&

'

Preamble

Body

1
72

23

23

23

&

&

&

1
3

E
E

[1]
[2]
[2]

[1]
[2]
[3]

[1]

[2]

s
s

E = mc2

E = mc2 .

x3
x3
ab
ab
xa+b
xc+d
a+b
xc+d
a+b

xa

A
Ac

A
A"

A ' B
x ' A B
A \ B ' B

(xy)+z
x +

y =z
BC
AB
AB

BC
BC

!1 2
A

A
12

\

A
12

A
"

A1 2
A "
1 2
A
1 2
A
~
A~
12

ABCDEFGHIJ KLMN OPQRST U VWX YZ.

P = A+B
P =A+B

x+y
4

(x + y)/4
x+y
4

A=

x2 + y
,
1 + x2+1

dx

n
)

xi

i=1

f (x) dx

()
,
x
1+y

{}
'
)
xi
i

.!

[]

/
f (x) dx

0
1 3 N 4(
5
n
1
iIn xi
1 n=1
2 6(
3
iI xi

0
9
1 N 8
17 )
1
xn
1
1 n=1 iI i
1 : n
1
)
1
xi
2 3
iI

x
2

x
2
maxxX
max
xX

(x A x B) (A B).

xy 5 [P (x) Q(y)].

 xy
x y
x y

(, 0] = {x 5 x 0}

y {x : x ' y} ' A

'
=

=
;
>

xi < 0f oralli = 1, . . .
xi < 0
i = 1, . . .
xi < 0
i = 1, . . .

aj bi bi ; aj

x
y

1.234567
9.87

x = 5.2
y = 2.5
z = 7.7 (= x + y)

1
12.2

 7.7(= x + y)

x = y
y = z

x
y

y
a+b+c+d e+f +g+h
+
+

I +K +J +L

x"

x"
xt
xT
xT
xT

Ax" =

1.1 1.2
1.3
21.0 22.0 2.1

A11 A12 A13

A21 A22 A23

x1
x2 .
x3

0
B11 B12
B21 B22

xe x dx =

b+c

(x) dx

x=

x=

+z

+z

1
f (x) =
0

x < 0;
x = 0;
x > 0.

I
JK
L
i...j + k l

N
x
My ab
K LI J

1
2

Aij = E[(Xi i )(Xj j )]

{Xi }
E[]
i = E(Xi )

0
1
2

X2 = X12
P r[X1 = x]
1
4
1
=
2
1
4

x = 1
x=

x=

1.

Aij = E[(Xi i )(Xj j )]

{Xi }
E[]
i = E(Xi )

tan =

sin
cos

1
2

0
1
2

X2 = X12
P r[X1 = x]
1
4
1
=
2
1
4

x = 1
x= 0
x = 1.

lim
lim inf
log
max
tan

limn xn

lim xn

lim inf n0 log xn

lim inf log xn

maxxX f (x)

max f (x)

tan(+)
ln x

tan( + )
ln x

n0

xX

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

R
C
Z
Q

df (x)/dx
df (x)
dx

f (x)/x

f (x)
x

f (x) = (f (x)/x1 , . . . , f (x)/xn ).

2 f (x)

/
2 f (x)
.
xi xj

/
2 f (x)
f (x) =
.
xi xj
*
O

! !

! xn
0

PO
P
f (x) dx P
P
P OX(v) xe
P
lim P
P (v) dv.
f
(x)
P
dx P
X(v) e

xn1
0

x2
0

(uv vu) dS =

H(x1 , . . . , xn ) dx1 dxn

! ! !

(u v v u) d.

!!

(uv vu) dS =

n>2
x, y, z Z++

!!!

(u v v u) d.

xn + y n = z n

 E = mc2

5
4
E = mc2

Q
R
2
E = mc
E = mc2

T
S
2
E = mc

E = mc2

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
L M V = H0
A(x) = {y : (y) = aA (x)}

a b
c d
( ac db )

a
c

b
d

P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

1 2 3 4 5
.......
.......
..........
.................

def

P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

n+ = n + 1
a

X
Y
b

Z
b

Aij =

iI
jJ

iI
jJ
kK

)
iI
jJ

Aij

Aij

A B

D E F
d

R = P t MP,
P

=
au + bv

(u, v)
(u, v) = au + bv
k
(uk , v k )

A C
C

A
A

C
C
A

C
A
A

x2 = B 2 4AC

A
C

Fn+1 = Fn
X
x
x0
+
x =
0

x = B 2 4AC

2 Fn+1 = Fn

2 Fn = Fn+2 2Fn+1 + Fn
= 2Fn Fn+1 .

ln ex = x
sin{ + 2} = sin
(
yn = n1
i=i0 xi yn+1 yn = xn xi0
f (x) =

f (n) (0)

n=0

xn
n!

x2

f (y)dy = 2xf (x2 )

MFe(H2 O)6 = 6MH2 O + MFe

.

1.1 1.2 1.3

2.1
2.2
2.3

def

x = y mod n = x y = kn
I JK L
" 2 x2 + y 3
"1+

K LI J
?

A = {S S : S ' S}

a1 a2 a3
b1 b2 b3

k = 0, 1, . . .

"

|F P|
P
P
P a11 a12 P
P
P
P a21 a22 P

CB
BC

&
2m(GA )
q (G) max (G),
G '=
A1
,
+
, +
A B
0
T
T
= (0, C T x)T
(0, x )T = (0, x )
=
0 C
xT C

!
1
3 3 a
V =
(x 3 + a)2 dx
2 0

max{0, f (x)/xj }

f (x)/xj
+ f (x)j =

min{0, f (x)/xj }
R
n

Z++
Cn

n
P
f (x) P
xj P

Qn+
x=
x

xj = aj
aj < xj < bj
xj = bj

(u + v)
1 + uv2
c
c

E = mc2
E
m
x

y = Ax b,

A
y()

mn

m
x

u+v
v

u+v

x, y, z Z+

xn + y n = z n

n<3

t=
P
P
2v
d
+
=
+ 1.
f (x + t f (x))PP
dt
(1/2)1/4
t= 1
2

A=

A=

11 12
21 22

b
0
1
1
0

c
0
0
1
1

d
0
1
0
1

e
1
0
0
1

A=

A=

a
1 1
2
1
3 0
4 0

11
21

11
21

12
22

12
22

1
2

"
"
%

a
! b
c

#
#
##
$
#
!
$

&&
&
&
%
&

x y
(x, y)
('
(

!
y = .5

(.65, 1)
(.65, 1)

.5 .25
)

+
'
!

"
,

x y

x y

x = 0
y
y = 0
x
x

y
x

len
y
x

(x0 , y0 )
x0 + len

len

y
]
^
y 2
1 + x

x '= 0

y
y0 + len x

y
x

y0 + y

y
y0 + len x

y0
x0

x0 + len

x0 + x

x, y
(x0 , y0 )
(xt , yt)

y =
xt '= x0

x = 0 len = |yt y0 |

xt = x0
X

1
1

yt > y0 ;

(xt , yt ) = (x0 + 1.3, y0 + 1.5)

len = 1.3

x
x = 13
15
y
4
5
len = xt x0

(.65, 1)

'
"

(1, .5)
x = .3

y = .35

(.3, .5 + 12 .3) = (.3, .35)

x = 1

(0, .5)

x = 0 (.3) = .3

(x0 , y0 )

y = 0

h = height

h = .3
(1 + 12 .3, .5) = (.65, 5)
x = 0
y < 0

(x, y) = (x0 + 12 h, y0 )
(x0 , y0 ) = (1., .5)
(xt , yt ) =

y
.65

1
2 (.2)

(xh , yh ) = (xt , yc yt +r) = (.65, 1(.5)+.1) = (.65, .4)

len = |y| = .4

"
"

y
x
(x1 , y1) = (xc + r, yc ) = (.65 + .1, 1) = (.55, 1)
(0, 1)
(0, 1)
(1.2, .895)

x=0
len = x = .55
(1, 0)

(1.6, .5)

(1, .5)
(1.6, .5)

.395
.4

len = 12 (.4 + .395) = .3975.

(x, y) = (1, 1)
len

x0 , y0

x1 , y1
(x0 , y0)

x, y

(x1 , y1 )

(x, y)
r

x, y

rx , ry

(x, y)
rx

ry
a (x0 , y0 ) . . . (xn , yn )

\
\
\

(x0 , y0 ) . . . (xn , yn )
\

(xn , yn )

(x0 , y0 )

a (x0 , y0 )(x1 , y1 )

(x0 , y0)
dy/dx = 0

(x1 , y1 )

3
2
1
0
0

y = ax2 + bx + c

-1

a '= 0

b
b
(0, c)( 2a
, 4a
+ c)
2

a (x0 , y0 )(x1 , y1 )(x2 , y2 )(x3 , y3 )

y
x + 50

15
10
5
0

50

60

70

80

90

100


+
+
+

+
+

a (x0 , y0 )(x1 , y1 )(x2 , y2 )

(x0 , y0 )

(x1 , y1 )

(x2 , y2)
(x0 , y0 )

(0, 0)

(x1 , y1 )

2
1
0
0 1 2 3

2
1
1 0 1 2

n
n
n

n
n
n

(60, 2)

15
\

10

< >

5
0

50

60

70

80

90

100

15
\

10
5

0
50

60

70

80

90

100

15
\

10
5
0

50

60

70

80

90

100

15
\

10
5
0

50

60

70

80

90

100

15
\

10
5
0

50

60

70

80

90

100

15
10

5
0
50

60

70

80

90

100

(
(

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
8

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
8

v"
1

! v"
2

$
$
$
$
"
%
$
v"
v"
4#
3

(15, 40)
(25, 30)

(45, 10)

(15, 30)

(35, 50)
(45, 60)

(35, 50)
(25, 20)

y = sin

4 5
2x

-1
-4

-3

-2

-1

1
2

1
2


223
71

<<

22
7

1
2

Gi+j

N (A)

n
n

n
n=0

8 12 11

\
\
\

\
\

B xB = bN + 12 bN
B xB > bB + 12 bB

N B = cB + 12 cB
N N < cN + 12 cN

B xB = bN + 12 bN

N B = cB + 12 cB

B xB > bB + 12 bB

N N < cN + 12 cN

B xB = bN + 12 bN

N B = cB + 12 cB

B xB > bB + 12 bB

N N < cN + 12 cN

B xB = bN + 12 bN
B xB > bB + 12 bB

N B = cB + 12 cB
N N < cN + 12 cN

E
n

n
E

x
\
x_
yz \

i
z

e
y
\

\
` \
abc

o`
*v
!
i

xy
xy
xy
x y
x
y
xy
xy
xy

A...Z

A
\

\
\g

R
S
c

e
i

P
Q

d
h

=
U

C
E
G
!

'=

=
X

;
>
V

`
D
F
H

.
=
|=

^
_
a
b
c
d

&

J
g
L
h

l
m
m

I
f
K
f
KL
j
k

n
d

IJKL
.

j
()

.
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.

.
\

{}

[]

&

x, y x, y) number
width, height p text
dashs ize width, height
width, height p text
width, height p

x, y
x, y length
x, y length
radius
radius
dimension
p{

text

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