GIO N 12 C BN

Bi 40

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C Tit 62

NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Cc phn ng c trng c dng phn bit mt s cation v anion trong dung dch. Cch tin hnh nhn bit cc ion ring bit trong dung dch. 2. K nng Gii l thuyt mt s bi tp thc nghim phn bit mt s ion cho trc trong mt s l khng dn nhn. 3. Trng tm Cc phn ng c trng c dng phn bit mt s cation v anion trong dung dch. II. CHUN B: 1. Phiu hc tp 2. Dng c - ha cht th nghim: III. PHNG PHP: . IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: . 2. Kim tra bi c: . 3. Bi mi: GIO VIN HC SINH NI DUNG KIN THC CN NH II TNH CHT VT L.

IV TRNG THI THIN NHIN V. CNG C: 1. Cc kim loi no sau y u phn ng vi ddch CuSO4 ? A. Na, Mg, Ag. B. Fe, Na, Mg C. Ba, Mg, Hg. D. Na, Ba, Ag 2. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe3+ ? A. [Ar]3d6 B. [Ar]3d5 C. [Ar]3d4 D. 3 [Ar]3d 3. Cho 2,52g mt kim loi tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 6,84g mui sunfat. Kim loi l A. Mg B. Zn C. Fe D. Al

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GIO N 12 C BN

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C PHIU HC TP

I. Bit 1. Hy cho bit nguyn tc nhn bit mt ion trong dung dch? 2. Hy vit hin tng v PTHH (nu c) cn thiu trong bng nhn bit cc cation sau: Cation Dung dch thuc th Na+ Th mu ngn la NH 4
+

Hin tng

PTHH

Ca 2+ Ba 2+

ngn la mu vng ti Dung dch kim + qu c kh NH3 lm NH4+ + OH- t NH3 + H2O tm t NH3: lm xanh qu tm t xanh qu tm t 2 Dung dch CO 3 v kt ta CaCO3 v tan khi c sc CO2 CO2
0

kt ta trng BaSO4 Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 trng khng tan trong axit d 2+ Fe kt ta trng hi xanh Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2 trng hi xanh 4Fe(OH)2 + O2+ 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3. ha nu trong KK 3+ Fe kt ta nu Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 3+ Al Dung dch kim OH kt ta Al(OH)3 trng Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + H2O. tan trong thuc th d 2+ Cu 2+ Mu + Dung dch NH3 mu xanh lam + kt Cu + 2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 ta xanh lam tan trong Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3[Cu(NH3)4]2+ + (d) NH3 thnh ion phc 2OH-. [Cu(NH3)4]2+ mu xanh m 3. Hy vit hin tng v PTHH (nu c) cn thiu trong bng nhn bit cc anion sau: Dung dch H2SO4 long Dung dch kim OH (hoc NH3) Dung dch kim OH Anion NO 3

SO 4

CO 3

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O. Cl Dung dch AgNO3 + kt ta trng AgCl tan Ag+ + Cl AgCl mi trng H+ trong dung dch NH3 to AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl. phc [Ag(NH3)2]+. 2+ 4. chng minh s tn ti ca ion Ba trong dung dch X, ngi ta cho vo dung dch X cht no sau y? A. dung dch H2SO4. B. dung dch NH3 . C. dung dch NaOH. D. dung dch AgNO3. 5. C 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha 1 cation sau y: NH4+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+ (c nng khong 0,1M). Dng dung dch NaOH cho ln lt vo tng dung dch trn, c th nhn bit ti a c my dung dch?

Hin tng dung dch xanh lam, Cu v H2SO4 long kh khng mu (NO) , ha nu trong khng kh (NO NO2) Dung dch BaCl2 + mi kt ta trng khng trng H+ tan trong axit d + Dung dch H v nc CO2 lm c nc vi trong vi trong

Dung dch thuc th

PTHH 3Cu + 2NO3 + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O. 2NO + O2 2NO2.

-

Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 trng CO 3 + 2H+ CO2 + H2O.

2

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GIO N 12 C BN A. 2 dung dch

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C

B. 3 dung dch C. 4 dung dch D. 5 dung dch A: D. 5 dung dch. Gii: Khi ta cho dung dch NaOH vo 5 mu th ca 5 dung dch khng nhn trn. Thy cc hin tng sau: - 1 mu th c kh mi khai bay ra. dung dch ban u l mui amoni (NH4+). NH4+ + OH- NH3 (khai) + H2O. - 1 mu th c kt ta trng khng tan li trong NaOH d dung dch bau u cha Mg2+. Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg(OH)2 trng. - 1 mu th c kt ta trng hi xanh dn chuyn sang mu nu khi lu trong khng kh dung dch bau u cha Fe2+. Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2 trng hi xanh 4Fe(OH)2 + O2+ 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3. - 1 mu th c kt ta mu nu dung dch bau u cha Fe3+. Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 - 1 mu th c kt ta trng tan li trong NaOH d dung dch bau u cha Al3+. Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + H2O. C 4 ng nghim nh s 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 cha mt trong 4 dung dch sau y: Na2CO3, FeCl2, HCl v NH4HCO3. Ly ng 1 vo ng 3 thy c kt ta xut hin, ly ng 3 vo ng 4 thy c kh bay ra. Xc nh cc ha cht trong cc ng nghim.

TRN NGC TON

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GIO N 12 C BN
Bi 41

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C NHN BIT MT S CHT KH Tit 63

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: Bit c: - V tr, cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng, tnh cht vt l ca st. - Tnh cht ho hc ca st: tnh kh trung bnh (tc dng vi oxi, lu hunh, clo, nc, dung dch axit, dung dch mui). - St trong t nhin (cc oxit st, FeCO3, FeS2). 2. K nng - D on, kim tra bng th nghim v kt lun c tnh cht ha hc ca st. - Vit cc PTHH minh ho tnh kh ca st. - Tnh % khi lng st trong hn hp phn ng. Xc nh tn kim loi da vo s liu thc nghim. 3. Trng tm c im cu to nguyn t st v cc phn ng minh ha tnh kh ca st II. CHUN B: inh st, mu dy ng, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, dung dch FeCl3. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st l g ? Dn ra cc PTHH minh ho. Gii thch ti sao ta hay gp hp cht st III hn st II? 3. Bi mi: HOT NG GIO VIN HOT NG HC SINH-NI DUNG I HP CHT ST (II)

II HP CHT ST (III)

V. CNG C: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 5 trang 145 (SGK) 2. Xem trc bi HP KIM CA ST

TRN NGC TON

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GIO N 12 C BN

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C

Tit 54 HP KIM QUAN TRNG CA ST I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit - Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca gang, thp. - Nguyn tc v quy trnh sn xut gang, thp. 2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp lin quan n gang, thp. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: inh st, mu dy ng, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, dung dch FeCl3. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) v st (III) l g ? Dn ra cc PTHH minh ho. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG GIO VIN HOT NG HC SINH-NI DUNG I GANG 1. Khi nim: Gang l hp kim ca st v cacbon trong GV t h thng cu hi: c t 2 5% khi lng cacbon, ngoi ra cn c mt - Gang l g ? lng nh cc nguyn t Si, Mn, S, 2. Phn loi: C 2 loi gang - C my loi gang ? a) Gang xm: Cha cacbon dng than ch. Gngms GV b sung, sa cha nhng ch cha chnh xc c dng c b my, ng dn nc, cnh ca, b) Gang trng trong nh ngha v phn loi v gang ca HS. -Gang trng cha t cacbon hn v ch yu dng xementit Fe3C -Gang trng (c mu sng hn gang xm) dng luyn thp. 3. Sn xut gang GV nu nguyn tc sn xut gang. a) Nguyn tc: Kh qung st oxit bng than cc trong l cao. GV thng bo cc qung st thng dung sn b) Nguyn liu: Qung st oxit (thng l hematit xut gang l: hematit (Fe2O3), hematit nu Fe2O3), than cc v cht chy (CaCO3 hoc SiO2). (Fe2O3.nH2O) v manhetit (Fe3O4). c) Cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh luyn qung thnh gang GV dng hnh v 7.2 trang 148 gii thiu v Phn ng to cht kh CO: C + O 2 t CO 2 cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong l cao. t CO 2 + C 2CO Cho HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong Phn ng kh oxit st l cao. 4 C - 3Fe 2 O 3 +CO 00 2Fe 3 O 4 +CO 2
0 0
0

5 C - Fe 3 O 4 +CO 00 600 3FeO +CO 2 700 800 C - FeO +CO Fe +CO 2 Phn ng to x (10000C) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3 d) S to thnh gang (SGK) II THP 1. Khi nim: Thp l hp kim ca st cha t 0,01 GV t h thng cu hi: 2% khi lng cacbon cng vi mt s nguyn t khc - Thp l g ? (Si, Mn, Cr, Ni,) 2. Phn loi a) Thp thng (thp cacbon) - C my loi thp ? - Thp mm: Cha khng qu 0,1%C. Thp mm d gia GV b sung, sa cha nhng ch cha chnh xc cng, c dng kp si,, cn thnh thp l dng ch trong nh ngha v phn loi v thp ca HS v to cc vt dng trong i sng v xy dng nh ca. thng bo thm: Hin nay c ti 8000 chng loi thp - Thp cng: Cha trn 0,9%C, c dng ch to cc cng c, cc chi tit my nh cc vng bi, v xe bc
0

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GIO N 12 C BN

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C

khc nhau. Hng nm trn th gii tiu th c 1 t tn thp, gang thp. b) Thp c bit: a thm vo mt s nguyn t lm cho thp c nhng tnh cht c bit. - Thp cha 13% Mn rt cng, dng lm my nghin . - Thp cha khong 20% Cr v 10% Ni rt cng v khng g, c dng lm dng c gia nh (tha, dao,), dng c y t. - Thp cha khong 18% W v 5% Cr rt cng, c dng ch to my ct, gt nh my phay, my nghin , 3. Sn xut thp a) Nguyn tc: Gim hm lng cc tp cht C, Si, S, GV nu nguyn tc ca vic sn xut thp. Mn,c trong thnh phn gang bng cch oxi ho cc tp cht thnh oxit ri bin thnh x v tch khi thp. GV dng s gii thiu cc phng php b) Cc phng php luyn gang thnh thp luyn thp, phn tch u v nhc im ca mi Phng php Bet-x-me phng php. Phng php Mac-tanh GV cung cp thm cho HS: Khu lin hp gang Phng php l in thp Thi Nguyn c 3 l luyn gang, 2 l Mac-cpnhi-cp-tanh v mt s l in luyn thp. V. CNG C: 1. Nu nhng phn ng chnh xy ra trong l cao. 2. Nu cc phng php luyn thp v u nhc im ca mi phng php. 3. Kh hon ton 17,6g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4,Fe2O3 n Fe cn va 2,24 lt CO (kc). Khi lng st thu c l A. 15 B. 16 C. 17 D. 18 VI. DN D: 1. Bi tp v nh: 1 6 trang 151 (SGK) 2. Xem trc bi LUYN TP: TNH CHT HO HC CA ST V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA ST

Cu 9: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dd H2SO4 long (d) c dd X1. Cho lng d bt Fe vo dung dch X1 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X2 cha cht tan A. FeSO4 v H2SO4..B. Fe2(SO4)3.C. Fe2(SO4)3 v H2SO4. D. FeSO4. Cu 10: Qung st c gi tr sn xut gang l : A. Pirit v xierit B. Pirit v manhetit C. Xierit v hematit D. Hematit v manhetit Cu 12: Cu no ng khi ni v: Gang? A. L hp kim ca Fe c t 0,01% 2% C v mt t S, Mn, P, Si. B. L hp kim ca Fe c t 6% 10% C v mt lng rt t S, Mn, P, Si. C. L hp kim ca Fe c t 2% 5% C v mt t S, Mn, P, Si. D. L hp kim ca Fe c t 6 10% C v mt t S, Mn, P, Si. Cu 13: Trong s cc cp kloi sau, cp no bn vng trong khng kh v nc nh c mng xit bo v? A. Cu v Al B. Al v Cr C. Fe v Al D. Fe v Cr Cu 14: Cho s phn ng sau:
cao Fe + O2 t (A);
0

(A) + HCl (C) + NaOH (D) + ? + ?

(B) + (C) + H2O; (E) + (G); (E);

(B) + NaOH (D) + (G);

TRN NGC TON

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GIO N 12 C BN
0

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C

(E) t (F) + ? ; Th t cc cht (A), (D), (F) ln lt l: A. Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3 B. Fe2O3, Fe(OH)2, Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4, Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3 D. Fe3O4, Fe(OH)2, Fe2O3 Cu 15: Cho cc cht Fe, Cu, KCl, KI, H2S. St(III) oxit oxi ha c cc cht A. Fe, Cu. B. Fe, Cu, KCl, KI. C. Fe, Cu, KI. D. Fe, Cu, KI, H2S. Cu 16: Nhit phn mui Fe(NO3)2 trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn A. Vy mA : mmui l : A. 4: 10 B. 4 : 11 C. 1 :3 D. 4: 9 Cu 17: Khi un nng, phn ng gia cp cht no sau y to ra 3 oxit : A. HNO3 c v Ag B. HNO3 c v C C. HNO3 c v S D. HNO3 c v Cu Cu 18: Hmatit l mt trong nhng qung quan trng ca st. Thnh phn chnh quan trng ca qung l A. Fe3O4. B. Fe2O3. C. FeCO3. D. FeO. Cu 19: Khi nhit phn, dy mui nitrat no sau y no cho sn phm l kim loi, kh nit ioxit v kh oxi ? A. Zn(NO3)2 , KNO3 , Pb(NO3)2 B. Hg(NO3)2 , AgNO3 C. Cu(NO3)2 , LiNO3 , KNO3 D. Ca(NO3)2 , LiNO3 , KNO3 Cu 20: Xem phn ng: aCu + bNO3- + cH+ dCu2+ + eNO + fH2O Tng s cc h s (a + b + c + d + e + f) nguyn, nh nht, phn ng trn cn bng, l: A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 18

TRN NGC TON

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GIO N 12 C BN
Tit 55

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C CRM V HP CHT CA CRM

Tun 28

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca crom. - Tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca crom. 2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng biu din tnh cht ho hc ca crom v hp cht ca crom. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. - Dng c, ho cht: Chn s, gi th nghim, kp ng nghim, n cn. - Tinh th K2Cr2O7, dung dch CrCl3, dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, tinh th (NH4)2Cr2O7 III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG GIO VIN HOT NG HC SINH-NI DUNG I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T - 24, nhm VIB, chu k 4. GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc nh - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hay v tr ca Cr trong bng tun hon. [Ar]3d54s1. II TNH CHT VT L - Crom l kim loi mu trng bc, c khi lng ring Cho HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Cr trong ln (d = 7,2g/cm3), t0nc = 18900C. SGK theo s hng dn ca GV. - L kim loi cng nht, c th rch c thu tinh. III TNH CHT HO HC - L kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st. GV gii thiu v tnh kh ca kim loi Cr so vi - Trong cc hp cht crom c s oxi ho t +1 +6 Fe v cc mc oxi ho hay gp ca crom. (hay gp +2, +3 v +6). t0 Cho HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim 4Cr + 3O 2Cr2O3 2 1. Tc dng vi phi kim : loi Cr vi cc phi kim O2, Cl2, S

2Cr + 3S

t0

Cr2S3

2Cr + 3Cl 2

t0

2CrCl3

2. Tc dng vi nc Cho HS nghin cu SGK tr li cu hi sau: V Cr bn vi nc v khng kh do c lp mng oxit rt sao Cr li bn vng vi nc v khng kh ? mng, bn bo v m crom ln st bo v st v dng Cr ch to thp khng g. 3. Tc dng vi axit Cho HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2 loi Cr vi cc axit HCl v H2SO4 long. Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2 Cr khng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 hoc H2SO4 c, ngui. IV HP CHT CA CROM Cho HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh cht vt 1. Hp cht crom (III) a) Crom (III) oxit Cr2O3 l ca Cr2O3. Cr2O3 l cht rn, mu lc thm, khng tan trong nc. Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh Cho HS dn ra cc PTHH chng minh Cr2O3 Cr2O3 + 2NaOH (c) 2NaCrO2 + H2O th hin tnh cht lng tnh. Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2 b) Crom (III) hiroxit Cr(OH)3 Cho HS nghin cu SGK bit tnh cht vt l Cr(OH)3 l cht rn, mu lc xm, khng tan trong ca Cr(OH)3. nc. Cr(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 + 2H2O Cr(OH)3+ 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O TRN NGC TON Trang 8

GIO N 12 C BN

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C

GV ?: V sao hp cht Cr3+ va th hin tnh kh, Tnh kh v tnh oxi ho: tnh oxi ho (mi trng va th hin tnh oxi ho ? axit) va c tnh kh (trong mi trng baz) Cho HS dn ra cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh 2CrCl3 + Zn 2CrCl2 + ZnCl2 2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+ cht ca hp cht Cr3+. 2NaCrO2 + 3Br2 + 8NaOH 2Na2CrO4 + 6NaBr + 4H2O 2CrO 2 + 3Br2 + 8OH- 2CrO 2 + 6Br? + 4H2O 4 2. Hp cht crom (VI) Cho HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht a) Crom (VI) oxit CrO3 vt l ca CrO3. CrO3 l cht rn mu thm. L mt oxit axit: CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 (axit cromic) Cho HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia CrO3 vi 2CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 (axit icromic) H2O. C tnh oxi ho mnh: Mt s cht hu c v v c (S, P, C, C2H5OH) bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3. b) Mui crom (VI) L nhng hp cht bn. Cho HS nghin cu SGK vit PTHH ca phn - Na2CrO4 v K2CrO4 c mu vng (mu ca ion ng gia K2Cr2O7 vi FeSO4 trong mi trng axit. CrO 2 ) 4 - Na2Cr2O7 v K2Cr2O7 c mu da cam (mu ca ion C 2O2 ) r 7 Cc mui cromat v icromat c tnh oxi ho mnh.

K 2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO+ 7HSO4 4 2 3Fe2(SO4)3 +Cr2(SO4)3 +K 2SO4 +7H2O

2 r Trong dung dch ca ion C 2O7 lun c c ion

+ 6

+ 2

+ 3

+ 3

CrO 2 trng thi cn bng vi nhau: 4

2 Cr2O7- + H2O

2CrO2- +2H+ 4

V. CNG C: 1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn ho sau:

Cr2O3 Cr2(SO4)3 Cr2O3 Cr Cr(OH) 3 2. Khi un nng 2 mol natri icromat ngi ta thu c 48g O2 v 1 mol Cr2O3. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng v xem natri icromat b nhit phn hon ton cha ? VI. DN D: Xem trc bi NG V HP CHT CA NG
(1) (2) (3) (4)

1. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht cc loi l 60, s ht mang in trong ht nhn bng s ht khng mang in. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c 11 electron p. Nguyn t nguyn t Z c 4 lp electron v 6 electron c thn. Cht no khng tn ti: A. XY2 * B. XY3 C. ZY2 D. ZY3 2. Ion X3+ c phn lp electron lp ngoai cung la 3d3. X c s electron c thn l: A. 6 * B. 1 C. 4 D. 5 3. Trong s 5 kim loi: Cu, Fe, Al, Ag, Cr. Nhn nh no sau y KHNG ng? A. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht l Al B. Kim loi dn in tt nht l Cu * C. Kim loi khng phn ng vi oxi l Ag. D. Kim loi c cng cao nht l Cr. 4. Cc hp cht trong dy cht no di y u c tnh lng tnh? A. Cr(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2. B. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2. C. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2. D. Cr(OH)3, Pb(OH)2, Mg(OH)2. 5. Khi cho dung dch H2SO4 long vo cc X ng dung dch K2CrO4 th mu ca dung dch trong cc X s i t mu A. Xanh sang mu hng. B. Mu da cam sang mu hng. C. Mu da cam sang mu vng. D. Mu vng sang mu da cam. * 6. Pht biu khng ng l: A. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng cn hp cht Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ho mnh.

TRN NGC TON

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GIO N 12 C BN

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C

B. Cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)2 tc dng c vi dung dch HCl cn CrO3 tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH. C. Thm dung dch kim vo mui icromat, mui ny chuyn thnh mui cromat. D. Cc hp cht Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 u c tnh cht lng tnh. * 7. Cho hn hp X gm Cr v Fe vo dung dch HCl 15M n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y l: A. CrCl2, FeCl2. * B. CrCl2, CrCl3. C. CrCl3, FeCl2 D. CrCl3, FeCl3 8. Lng kim loi km cn thit kh ht ion Cr3+ trong dung dch cha 0,02 mol CrCl3 trong mi trng axit l : A. 0,325 gam B. 0,650 gam C. 0,975 gam D. 1,300 gam 9. Xt hai phn ng: 2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+ 2Cr3+ + 3Br2 + 16OH- 2CrO42- + 6Br- + 8H2O Nhn xt no sau y l ng: A. Cr3+ ch c tnh oxi ha B. Cr3+ ch c tnh kh C. Cr3 c+ tnh kh mnh hn tnh oxi ha. D. Trong mi trng kim Cr3+ c tnh kh v b Br2 oxi ha thnh mui crom (VI) * 10.Cho dy cc cht: Cr(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, Cr, Cr(OH)2, CrCl3 v CrO3. S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. * D. 3.

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GIO N 12 C BN
Tit 56

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C NG V HP CHT CA NG

Tun 28

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: -V tr, cu hnh electron nguyn t tnh cht vt l. -Tnh cht v ng dng cc hp cht ca ng. 2. K nng: Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca ng. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: ng mnh , dd H2SO4 long, dd H2SO4 c, dd HNO3 long, dd NaOH, dd CuSO4, n cn, bng tun hon. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Vit PTHH ca qu trnh chuyn ho sau:
Cr2O3 Cr2(SO4)3 Cr2O3 Cr Cr(OH) 3 3. Bi mi: HOT NG GIO VIN HOT NG HC SINH-NI DUNG I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc nh - th 29, nhm IB, chu k 4. - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 hay v tr ca Cu trong bng tun hon. 10 1 Cho HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Cu. [Ar]3d 4s T cu hnh electron em hy d on v cc mc Trong cc phn ng ho hc, Cu d nhng electron lp ngoi cng v electron ca phn lp 3d oxi ho c th c ca Cu. Cu Cu+ + 1e Cu Cu2+ + 2e trong cc hp cht, ng c s oxi ho l +1 v +2. II TNH CHT VT L Cho HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh cht vt L kim loi mu , tng i mm, d ko di v dt mng, dn nhit v dn in tt, ch km bc v hn hn l ca kim loi Cu. cc kim loi khc. III TNH CHT HO HC L kim loi km hot ng, c tnh kh yu. Cho HS da vo v tr ca ng trong dy in ho d on kh nng phn ng ca kim loi Cu. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim GV biu din th nghim t si dy ng mu Cu + Cl 2 Cu Cl 2 2Cu + O 2 t 2Cu O trong khng kh v yu cu HS quan st, vit PTHH ca phn ng. GV biu din th nghim: Cu + H2SO4 ? (nhn bit 2. Tc dng vi axit 0 SO2 bng giy qu tm m. Cu + 2 H 2SO4 d t Cu SO4 + SO 2 + 2H 2 O Cho HS quan st rt ra kt lun v vit PTHH v 0 Cu + 4 HNO3 d t Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2NO2 + 2H 2 O phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng.
0

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

3Cu + 8 HNO3 l t 3 Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O

IV HP CHT CA NG Cho HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht 1. ng (II) oxit vt l ca CuO. Cht rn, mu en, khng tan trong nc. Cho HS vit PTHH th hin tnh cht ca CuO qua L mt oxit baz cc phn ng sau: CuO + H2SO4 ? CuSO4 + H2O - CuO + H2SO4 D b kh bi H2, CO, C thnh Cu kim loi khi un - CuO + H2 t nng
0

CuO + H Cu +H2O 2 Cho HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht 2. ng (II) hiroxit: Cu(OH)2 l cht rn,xanh. vt l ca Cu(OH)2. L mt baz: Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O t0 GV biu din th nghim iu ch Cu(OH) 2 t dd Cu(OH) CuO +H2O 2 CuSO4 v dd NaOH. Nghin cu tnh cht ca D b nhit phn: Cu(OH)2.

t0

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GIO N 12 C BN

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C

3. Mui ng (II) Dung dch mui ng c mu xanh. Thng gp l mui ng (II): CuCl2, CuSO4, Cho HS HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh Cu(NO3)3, cht ca mui ng (II). CuSO . 5H O t CuSO + 5H O
0

mu xanh mu trng Cho HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng ng 4. ng dng ca ng v hp cht ca ng sgk dng quan trng ca kim loi Cu trong i sng. V. CNG C: 1. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca ng, ion Cu+, ion Cu2+. 2. Cho 19,2g kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 4,48 lt kh NO duy nht (kc). Kim loi M l A. Mg B. Cu C. Fe D. Zn

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GIO N 12 C BN
Tit 57

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C S LC V NIKEN-KM-CH-THIC

Tun 29

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: * HS bit: - V tr, tnh cht ca Ni, Zn, Sn, Pb, trong bng tun hon. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn xy ra (nu c) khi cho tng kim loi Ag, Au, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn tc dng vi cc dung dch axit, vi cc phi kim. II. CHUN B Cc mu kim loi: Ni, Zn, Sn, Pb. - Dung dch HCl hoc H2SO4 long. - Bng HTTH nguyn t ho hc III. Phng php dy hc ch yu: - m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. Tin trnh bi dy: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG GIO VIN HOT NG HC SINH-NI DUNG I NIKEN GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh 1. V tr trong bng tun hon: s 28, nhm VIIIB, chu k v tr ca Ni trong bng tun hon. 4. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Ni v nghin cu Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu trng bc, rt cng, khi thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. lng ring ln (d = 8,9g/cm3). Tnh cht ho hc: C tnh kh yu hn Fe, tc dng c Cho HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Ni tc vi nhiu n cht v hp cht, khng tc dng vi H2. dng vi O2 v Cl2. 5000C t0 2Ni + O 2NiO Ni + Cl NiCl2 2 2 Cho HS nghin cu ng dng ca Ni trong Bn vi khng kh v nc nhit thng. SGK. ng dng: SGK II KM GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh 1. V tr trong bng tun hon v tr ca Zn trong bng tun hon. s 30, nhm IIB, chu k 4. GV: Cho HS quan st mu Zn v nghin cu 2. Tnh cht v ng dng thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi c mu lam nht. Trong khng kh m, km b ph mt lp oxit mng nn c mu xm. Khi lng ring ln (d = 7,13g/cm3), tnc = 419,50C. trng thi rn v cc hp cht ca Zn khng c. Ring Cho HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Zn tc hi ca ZnO th rt c. dng vi O2 v S. Tnh cht ho hc: L kim loi hot ng, c tnh kh mnh hn Fe. Cho HS nghin cu ng dng ca Zn trong 2Zn + O 2 t 2ZnO Zn + S t ZnS SGK. ng dng: sgk III-CH GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh 1. V tr trong bng tun hon v tr ca Pb trong bng tun hon. s 82, nhm IVA, chu k 6. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Zn v nghin cu Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu trng hi xanh, khi lng thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. ring ln (d = 11,34g/cm3), tnc = 327,40C, mm. Tnh cht ho hc: Cho HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Pb tc 2Pb + O 2 t 2PbO Pb + S t PbS dng vi O2 v S. ng dng: sgk Cho HS nghin cu ng dng ca Pb trong SGK. IV THIC GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh 1. V tr trong bng tun hon v tr ca Sn trong bng tun hon. s 50, nhm IVA, chu k 5. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Sn v nghin cu Tnh cht vt l: thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. - L kim loi mu trng bc, khi lng ring ln (d =
0
0

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GIO N 12 C BN

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C

7,92g/cm3), mm, d dt mng, tnc = 2320C. - Tn ti di 2 dng th hnh l thic trng v thic xm. Tnh cht ho hc:
0

Cho HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Sn tc dng vi HCl v O2. Sn + 2HCl t SnCl 2 + H 2 Sn + O 2 t SnO2 Cho HS nghin cu ng dng ca Sn trong ng dng: sgk SGK. Cng c 1. Dy kim loi no sau y sp xp cc kim loi ng theo th t tnh kh tng dn ? A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb D. Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn 2. St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y ?A. Zn B. Ni C. Sn D. Cr Tit 58 LT: TNH CHT HA HC CA ST V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA ST Tun 29
0

I. MC TIU: 1. Kin thc: HS hiu: - V sao st thng c s oxi ho +2 v +3. - V sao tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh, ca hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ho. 2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp v hp cht ca st. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B: Cc bi tp c lin quan n st v hp cht ca st. III. PHNG PHP: m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY: 1. n nh lp: Cho hi, kim din. 2. Kim tra bi c: Nu nhng phn ng chnh xy ra trong l cao. 3. Bi mi: HOT NG GIO VIN HOT NG HC SINH-NI DUNG I NHC LI L THUYT 2 1 Bi 1: Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe2+ v Fe3+. Fe e Fe2+ e Fe3+ 6 2 T hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d6 [Ar]3d5 st l g ? Bi 2: Hon thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng theo (1) Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (1) FeCl2 (2) FeCl2 + Mg MgCl2 + Fe (3) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 (2) Fe (3) (4) (4) 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2 (6) (5) 2FeCl3 + 3Mg 3MgCl2 + 2Fe (5) FeCl3 s sau: (6) 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 Bi 3: in CTHH ca cc cht vo nhng ch a) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O trng v lp cc PTHH sau: b) Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O a) Fe + H2SO4 (c) SO2 + c) Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O b) Fe + HNO3 (c) NO2 + d) FeS + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + NO + Fe(NO3)3 + H2O c) Fe + HNO3 (long) NO + d) FeS + HNO3 NO + Fe2(SO4)3 + Bi 4: Bng phng php ho hc, hy phn bit Cho 3 mu hp kim trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, 3 mu hp kim sau: Al Fe, Al Cu v Cu Fe. mu no khng thy si bt kh l mu Cu Fe. Cho 2 mu cn li vo dung dch HCl d, mu no tan ht l mu Al Fe, mu no khng tan ht l mu Al Cu.

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GIO N 12 C BN
Bi 5: Mt hn hp bt gm Al, Fe, Cu. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring tng kim loi t hn hp . Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng. HS da vo tnh cht ho hc c trng ring bit ca mi kim loi hon thnh s tch. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh tch.

CHNG VIII PHN BIT 1 S CHT V C

Al, Fe, Cu
dd HCl d

Cu

AlCl3, FeCl, HCl d 2

NaOH d

O2 + H2O t0 t0

Fe(OH) 2 Fe(OH) 3 Fe2O3

CO t0

NaAlO , NaOHd 2
CO2 d

Al(OH) 3
t0

Al2O3
pnc

Fe

Al

Bi 6: Cho mt t bt Fe nguyn cht tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 560 ml mt cht kh (kc). Nu cho mt lng gp i bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch CuSO4 d th thu c mt cht rn. Tnh khi lng ca st dng trong hai trng hp trn v khi lng cht rn thu c. Bi 7: Bit 2,3g hn hp gm MgO, CuO v FeO tc dng va vi 100 ml dd H2SO4 0,2M. Khi lng mui thu c l A. 3,6g B. 3,7g C. 3,8g D. 3,9g Bi 8: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Nguyn t X l A. Fe B. Br C. P D. C V. CNG C: Trong tit luyn tp

Fe + dung dch H2SO4 long: nFe = nH2 = 0,025 (mol) mFe = 0,025.56 = 1,4g Fe + dung dch CuSO4 nFe = 0,025.2 = 0,05 (mol) mFe = 0,05.56 = 2,8g Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu nFe = nCu = 0,05.64 = 3,2g nH2SO4 = 0,02 (mol) mmui = 2,3 + 0,02(96 16) = 3,9g

+ 2 Z N= 8 2 Z = 26 Fe 2 Z N= 2 2

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