STANDARD INTEGRALS

f (u) du = ln |f (u)| + C, f (u) (f (u))n+1 (f (u)) f (u) du = +C n+1

n

sin u du = cos u + C,

cos u du = sin u + C,

sec2 u du = tan u + C

tan u du = ln | sec u| + C,

tanh u du = ln(cosh u) + C

cot u du = ln | sin u| + C,

coth u du = ln | sinh u| + C

sec u du = ln | sec u + tan u| + C,

sech u du = tan1 | sinh u| + C

csc u du = ln | csc u cot u| + C,

u csch u du = ln | tanh | + C 2 du 1 ua = ln +C u 2 a2 2a u+a du 1 u = tan1 +C 2 +u a a

1 u+a du = ln + C, a2 u 2 2a ua du u + C, = sin1 a a2 u 2

a2

du 1 u = sec1 +C a a u u 2 a2 du u = sinh1 + C = ln |u + u2 + a2 | + C a u 2 + a2 du u = cosh1 + C = ln |u + u2 a2 | + C a u 2 a2

du 1 u 1 a+ + C = ln = sech 1 a a a u a2 u 2

a2 u 2 +C u

TRIG & HYBERBOLIC IDENTITIES

sin2 + cos2 = 1, tan2 + 1 = sec2 , 1 + cot2 = csc2

1 sin2 = 2 (1 cos 2),

1 cos2 = 2 (1 + cos 2)

sin 2 = 2 sin cos ,

cos 2 = cos2 sin2

sin A cos B = 1 [sin(A + B) + sin(A B)] 2 cos A cos B = 1 [cos(A + B) + cos(A B)] 2 sin A sin B = 1 [cos(A B) cos(A + B)] 2 cosh2 x sinh2 x = 1, tanh2 x = 1 sech 2 x, coth2 x = 1 + csch 2 x

cosh2 x = 1 (cosh 2x + 1), 2

sinh2 x = 1 (cosh 2x 1) 2 cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x

sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x,

DIFFERENTIATION & OTHER FORMULAE

(f g) (x) = f (x) g (x) + g(x) f (x), f g (x) = g(x) f (x) f (x) g (x) (g(x))2

(fo g) (x) = f (g(x)) g (x)

T =

h (y0 + 2y1 + 2y2 + . . . + 2yn1 + yn ), 2

| ET |

(b a) 2 hM 12 (b a) 4 hM 180

S=

h (y0 + 4y1 + 2y2 + 4y3 + . . . + 2yn2 + 4yn1 + yn ), 3 f (xn ) f (xn )

| ES |

xn+1 = xn