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used Yrl!:ti:[-I[;8m'ing (;OOdLlits. Note 1M.lllie ~l!'ilJ!i'1t-WIllia.m:l. fu[i[UlI~a i!:;, .MilWf!o ill: i8i:auat.[lln i(l.23)i it :il;lP1i<;ii'Me@.r.rl!.¥Im ~ El;dl!dnll!lilS [0, wilrc:h 'Ilhr:y~i"oo[ry is ~llrro:in '~I.pcr~;m~ lillie lii:rdril!u~iG rndiu:i. ,fi.~is rnCil:5un:!il.in ~cl, WIh~D P$B~.~p S.l. units, ~hc Hii.z>C>J1Wilj1aID!>fl!lmn:Jl~ !i!l!l1)' 'be wrht~g i!lJi!h~' fQl1'.9wUlg fomI~ o,f CHWfbr mmmlJoly

a\[c>~ oofLdilli:rn!!...The vaJ~ all:: Ilslcd hi Tdll~ 1,2.

j'_5.j~. A:m..1ti .!H~=re QfIJ65lhrm..'l: lis. f!:q,ni~W! HIlJI~ ~OO!lPlof \lIfou;g'llt iroli plpc. lh li! hiJr:izoCl~lp'pe; is to ""-1"1) U3 "r:5 W'heG) "(ToIIa[£[ aHi5"'f, 'liifLai me
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in !~Cr5: F ~~i!d

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('3.19') darmt.-s I: 'lU~fI ~tmilY for bmi:nllO U,,:w usmt ~ Hag,m-PWnmll: lil".,. 'Eq;lIwoD (l.2Il) gion:s ~~ :p;are,.~Vk~baGh lQ~l31 iBPP~ ~D;!! lwru;o .. tal unl~Dm1 pip!!- S'OIJW tl!!MtlJ!: .. 1ihI1;;,Q1tbdri~dl!-GicrIlJI.'!H uq}J::d \.OEq!J_a!:i:O[JjO-W3~ It 'lllfilb ,(~ ll~gmn-F'oJ:!l:!.!i~~ 'fum!.

., ~The; :ooJ.~tion oro ithe Halz.en':W:ilIi_1lmS fimiWl,a, Equa:Uoo 0,1'7). may 'be obttimd: i:1i me fc:iJewin,!l
by ~~

WmllllJta:~lOil.or
el!:imlpleL

~ Ith'll me of·:I. :5Ollldou ,dim (.wmogr,apb). ":~

deillIDlJiS.tfM,eiil

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~:a_Jto::" wh~i::h ~Il;Di!: '~~ElIItl!ll

~,calml!lii,qru!l,

,,;cry PCVIiI!:g-priQfitQ!he ~dv~!I'tQfd~.~~::::i.IJak;tltrili'i~l. No;mo,gm.,pt!$ are rli~ap'p=-

1.& .m,~i:~kill ctlm-.r:tul!l!$ '~:r iFl'lidiorl If!l~

t,.o~

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T~ta.ghibUi. tnG bj:SIOry Q'J ei..'ili!.3.mm b:yQ]aJJ]ic Cl!i@;it..eer,J have desisn§i. and balm $1i~' to ddivcr wate:r liar peopll1i .tJ:!j U!ie.Jn ihc ear.litir Qa:)':i. mimY Qf ~ de~B~ 'W~ Iootsed illIicmpiric~! fom:ml:ls. ~!I~.:raIly spl::~[~g. ernpiri,;;.al. dE:s.i 80nfa~muJ.as we.re; dr;>tcloped from (he eJiperimef:!S Qf ~m!in", with fllli:ld How 1!I!1Idu cemU Ii! col1di1ioJ1s in a sp::cafLC 1;11;1118>1:.. NOIm1!!b', I~y do.M - ha',re a iOllnrll ~{!lil b;Mis.fl)nb~ ~asM. me Gmpi.rioaJi rQrnLmas IDa:T!~i>t.bf,dim~iQnJllly;f!:g~t. aCid, iho, am o.u[,y bs: app~i.cab·~ to Ithe QlI1!1!iLitlms fUlQ l1ID~-l; ~o::d. f)tip. ()f'lI1r: hr~ ott'Ulmll'!J=o.sis rI'\P.}lsu:t[J-'i;lFiIlinm$ fc.mJlll~ wllie.b w~ ~'!Ie!oped!. fnr w~flow ~I~~ pipes I~D2: 5 em, :a~j>JJQmwa_~e.!y:;1 in.) \IlltlJiiD ill liIJbd:I~!l:: !:1IIIiIge oi' w:!li:i!' "..oil.~ty {V~ 3 m/'scc :a.pp~o:!:imam!}' IOllJiSOC). TM~'{lJ<ml'IliLa h~ ~ '118«1 e:l1llcillSl'ii'ely lior tIJ.>Il: a~i>iJgll!il!l,g (If '!Ii.OlJeil'",sllpp~ !;,y.sre:ro:s, i1lihe Ullilli!!d Stlte.~" The H2zeD~V.I'ilIia.-n5 rommta. or.iSifl,:lU')' ~'Il'=l.d fm- ·thel3 nil!iSb :!ll£2.."ll!Jj~M ~ysl:em. ha!;.ll~T;I ,.,.rilte;c: iJ:L Ihe ferm

~l!s,btltm=~.1iIfCl'llIl_;:lUI S~ ~i!;&t=:rakI~y!!;l~ lliI~n!lJ!:1ls., 1!i1IJJ: f~m,QIWi[l¥ i!::mm,fll~ prdll~_m!> ,1il:cm01]l!ltraJie their 1I9~.'fili l!.ctl.laJ IlQm~graPmhl!.\'R b ..~_g fct:c~attd '~IJ' Appendix II kJ d~ i!h~ir dill1lini&Md :5UI.Imllln~1 me)" '!:!'£ vb~ (lU!:oD.mpI'c!liIJ-~

A~~

Jmc't

Brass

Cl;ID;nt
;!j!W~'

14'0

130".oiOI
DFit[Tolfdi

Ca!l[~[TOO

no

Nlew,

~:lr..ill!d, H yr: old, 40)r.': old'

10 ~.o~J

role, JJI)7·II3 8iMOOI '$-90

~S3

;;;

CO]JGlI"ClI: OITVilmRtc

.....tl~ S fu; Inc. slops of Ihi: ;:p4rgrj gr:!IlilW4 Ji'ne (EGU. ali"h.c~ li:Jis per lIlDit k;ng.tb.of lbe.pipll ~~/;;_'l.J., &ld ~ ji-Ibeh,ydr.rudl,:mdi.u.::, deftru:di&S mew,a!Gteroos~5lim'lln ~,jIJ, di. "iJWj. by the wttr.edperim:i!i'l'l", P_ iPo:,;a cUc1i1l!t pipe, A". 1fQ-"/4ar.1.1 t' ..rrD. the :hiydraulic nd.ill-!i ls

S-od

rmm:s

'Hi.rn:(I

J40120

WOOdell ifl:!rTM

CemriIu~Uy .spun
~r

Gilrftft.iaJ!:dI Il'il!1J
GIBlil!I
[.clld

IJj, :1;iQ,-W/IlO L200

NO

UIJ-[4!)

P1os:.ic

140~~5~)

Sled

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l'Imn-Willfiams.ooc:ffKi,ellt., Cllli1> not a Ii.u1.eUon qf fl_.(l~ ca~iliili.orul (:i.e., ReyDiloldls number)- Its; ",!!lues range-r;:um l4iJf0f w.ry sm(l1;liil, WiaigbtplperlOOlllll 00. ~ er B£..-tforold. IJtiJin-::n tllb(;fCllki~d pi~ Oe~anlf. 11:10;; ll!e of 100 l5, liiii~l'or f

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me

ftn

CoiIt-1iru' ~~1 Nc;w u!lllin!d RhC'!e:f

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14!i~lSG'

140-1500
W)i

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1I0~14Qi

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1.20

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tllD-l.;QD EB2n. .

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:tDg~reli. 1... ·l..oci_tclllc!tl!I\:~u!tlteUlUg'~()IK',S;=o.tll'mlm..:!;Ild~~~·$l'IWrYw~ ~o;n~ II. 6.fI~j,n !he a~ i QliiU!Jll!S. l. 'Clfl~ 'the!,\!0 .p;iliIJs·wiIt a ~z.bi tiipe;wl atUid tlW bn~ flU IlIa riglU W ~ 1Jc. ~g poill't"' mwmft. 1. ~~pipe~ •. ="U Dl, ~ tbemid~.:lihl.mo. Cl)GlJ.rot tJW; .f1Dii!tai!~ D . !ilB poild;:m ci;1l "'bimIIlg p;!i_ru:'" oolWll!!. wi!DuCai®bC tme. P.Alnpo~ tile n.le till _Uli!. left to ~i,ft die (!1sd~. oxn 5 m'lsei:; at1d ex.kilpoJ3I.e, n~ lil},! 'tN! 1igi1J.IO~ 11fi;:~,¥M~1. V==1 ~
=0

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PROBLEMS,
A "ll:m-kI!!o&. IlI:"N ~t-i.mIlpiptiine ~I':S '20Dsc:c of\1i'.i!l5;it "Th! pjp~dWn ... etl7.' Is 3U tIl'i. O!.T~·Ute ~ [m.s ~iIk>ih!... f«;:rn W,ffto:. Hii.\tOO~WlJ1bJl1S·(onnlll'ii. ~d {OJ ~ -~1:" 1!~IJ[jjl!:4; {e) 'tl'lc O:u~·-W::&l1i!rl!'Mn'..Ill ~ :30.& ..1. A ~";.ft·rl~ ~ad pipe ~m¢s wcta" ;It ~f from i~etYoiF to ~l'\Iotr 8. ~ ~gth¢f <In: pip: is. 2 mi. 'l'h.!;slelo-aifID di~be:i""'I:li:a Uie I~Q [£~rcl.lS, is 135 fL ~kuli.1:c: ~c by (a),{he &zen-WiI,1ia!:ru; fllWi~ (b) the .~~ flll'lPllii. :I,1l:d. {c) 'lOt, Dai:l=y-W~ £0Ul!..uh\.

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RI:~I 1M ~1'tllQJl illProblmn. 3,jA lmt Il3(: (.Ii) me 'Iv~~ 101m!J!a md, (0) ~ Bm.m-Wd!~ fO'lmW~ i11d mmpnrefhe. rmult:s willi ~ ·DWrte.fl!from ~e D~y ..
W~!:h fM!m!~ .00!iQ;SStbe di!fe~
E~O DI apm lIi:l:'l:Ollll~

Two ~a;.IS

by l!.. 5~

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U the

..

t;-:~~oC:-.th:!v>;: til Ilina®n diffuenQ[! of:5 :ID.,d~t!th~ di~~'m I:bllpjr-e by (i) tl;e Hdlell.- Wlm!!m3 C()mralii, oebl itht .M~fli~ ratrnllll!!, ilnd (0) I!iJc Dli"C)'~ W(!~ fanIDJ}a.. Cv-IJLOM~ solutio!:.:> (it) £1M (O) wi'ili ~ fl1llllli@og'lhr; :sofu.L\Qp . dJam {Fi~~ Bl i!..-~ B2}.

ilt ~ lili7l!.t>' ...Rd ..nd, in. :!.ddllic;n I.e ~ time in~ i ~1lJ Ilh.is ~oo. zi.: .m·,.Q(,,-~~~5 ill p!~ Ijn_g._Li5'l ~.lIltOOt();) ml!'llinU~iJ$ of§ch~~il!_ ~l'dl
q;!~;;;a.~ f~ula;.

(fl."" (I_M2i of 'lickilOlcll~J,r.b .~ t'1 be tq11~ ~2 cQfiduit~ ¥':ili:l beiw~ t1Io"O fC,Senoin ihatdl/fec iae~li~ bJ t!i li,ff dIe fli)';r; tiU~ .[$ !O G& (&/StiC), bcrw. mlldl. MW jlip~ i!, 1l~Jcd1

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1': = Q,(Il'&3,
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1,.:5')1·.I£1i1(3.7a) ;; 5.13.- 1[P-;

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llil

with iOO<5:Jtmrl pr5'lioud:y, L'l.d :Jt~O)fI.dlui:l!lIlil.~'tem~.1'W m~ ~oQd tli!il. :lt5S1Jm;! mat.K.- ::.~I.1IS./L• i).,~l 'ilJ z.oofJ·::'I(if.(121.~,~ng !bit il~ ca1oolilliQIlI.,"wJ:teH\,] =3.7'4" M~I0: U'r' 10',,,,.1<, =j.12;. Irct.'fromJ'~glllit.l:S. ~~iI'Ol:.

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PROBlEMS.
3.:11..'11.1. 7,5.m"lon,g cag!.w:m.Fi~.151~min ~~r,,'t3'~Wi1':1' A lioom ~,~ ~:3 rn b;tlooW the l!Ilkc ~~_. tb.e pip.. is hdd 00 II Ins !iiQ~ Mili '!wi [II 9(r h.;~. {ND'", Ua) at ~1Igm,. Wmt l.s me fJ.Qo'!Ii' IML u[m~.pLpe Qi.~a mtQ 1.1.00: .::l u; s.v,...s ~ll~ 1iL.t: ~~i.tfthe '\\i!Il1>:r ~I!'! ill !!h,c ~ ..u 2s:'C:! ~nnill'! dliC maocinwm dis~l"!!P ~iwi~ in ... ;'.5-1! ~I, rmst:Dt:i:.!~ ~p ~ IfrQm.a mllJllDtiJin ms.er'fO~ toa hl!drodecl!!ic 'pmil - ,;llant.1ib,c 11:i!,Il"i!iJll~ is lOOilll ~_a'Lfi; K:i~oi:r"s 'O\1'Mai.iIJ!"i~ 1'h1'1:.~[r:tt:kis t~fl.lol'lW. i51<lid0r1 i' ll251gpe. ·am o:;O!ltlLim: !. :Slob!i V'!!!liY'; ... 1."10.3. A 34-1iII·iIi,gtL "'_'30liCt tCl'i'lI;l! ~liIppi~ ""'ie~ Ii:) II ~Gc.nM1. 1i,1!J![ 'by mtl!J~ Qfi!l. 'ro·emdiamet!E'f:. ~.,IC!»g st!:d ~ 'To, .pteilem: m~ um (l~1!lre Il!!:ad ~I tm, lb1!lwry ~Jlr.. 'it iifOmi4ead. tc t'Il:j)'~ 9~ ;:of me pipe !cll!ili will'! :aliUll!r.(:3~m-d~u:r) !inti! pip;! (;OMe.rted ~ 3! W ooo:fuJilf.lf!.l1J1l\ p:1!_l:: dLsa;~ cr.e!:llUil ,isMO ,;.J!i~ lii:!ld !irl!L to .... 1ld:! lilli:;~ m ~ i! my $iiI! ~.!lR:. j~iI!)':,4. A !;'~ndri"aI t;mk, ! m !Pi di;h"I)1!'1U ~ mw ...,;.tb'L .... pW: ~ a ~ m ~.PW. /0. !Sobon: hod· ZO!J[!!iJ pipe.....tdl. i!! 2.lJ..!;:m i.ilii~m .and it 'lif'it.l¥J!C ~.:k vd\lli r~~ to ([.4li:1l !mt! ~imk ., frotli.I!M oouom, HQ",'IQIlg otfa.n il't:!_k W d.:rciII :50% -of tt:...t: :t:ml:'! 3JO.5, At~slJil!J.d:ropof2.5 p. (11illUt'l);jsa;mmtd M:1tXI.'fU.illb!'u~ '=:\iiJani~. 'Dc:tMtIffi~ me .'""'Ple (f ~c 'Pi~ ~~!i!BI'iIR' S ilrl. ~ 16ill •
.W;!tuffuws:~,~,[!r(ll!f 12!O.~.' .ia ItM.lr. W.W!! J! 30 em~. ... 1!; .• Den~rntiDedl"alattI.'!~l1l.'ej;S if w,~~ Is !>'iJ.dIk-llly ·rtd~ ID I S em. ;O:Imp~ Mth '[IM'1nW IIItEiii w!llifCd MClIl W I:i-~ID IMp.: ~!I upiI"m to lO IIIDJI.

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