Minitab دكتور أسامة ربيع التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات باستخدام برنامج

@ @@lbna@a
@ @@@

@ @lbna@
)(11
:
.
.
MINITAB

(0020109787442)
(oras1992@yahoo.com) (osama.rabie@yahoo.com)
.
.
@c@i@bc

@ @pbna

@ @bc@pab@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@a@a
11
13
15
16
16
17
17
18
20
Excel
Worksheet
Minitab
22
Excel
Worksheet
23
25
27
28

(
30
34
@ @bja@rna@a@bya@b@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@
41
47
Session Window
52
Tables
52
54
59
59
Histogram
63
Pie Chart
74
Graph
@a@bjna@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Bar Chart
70
@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@sbra@a
79
80
86
86
94
@@@@@@@@@@@@@bra@a
Minitab
Word

@ra@pa@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@iaa@a
: ( )
101
101
107
113
116
( )
( )
(P )
( )
1
116
127
(P P )
1
(M )
129
135
( )
@a@pabjna@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Minitab
144
163
1-Sample T
179
2-Sample T
197
Paired T
1 Proportion
@@@@@@@@@@@@ba@a
1-Sample Z
215
(M M )
137
143
123

225
2 Proportion
241
One
252
Two
Minitab
261
1-sample sign Test

1-sample Wilcoxon Test
280
Mann-Whitney Test
Kruskal-Wallis Test
287
Mood's median test
292
Friedman test
296
296
300
312
Runs Test
2 Test
Fisher Test
@ @bjma@@@@@@@@@@@@
o
o
o
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@iba@a
319
322
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ba@a
261
275
Way ANOVA
@a@a@pabjna@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
269
Way ANOVA
Correlation Matrix

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@bra@a
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @a@aa
329
330
330
330
330
331
331
332
332
332
332
333
333
):(1
334
):(2
352
@a@a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@bna@a
369

381
383
388
391
quadratic trend model

exponential growth trend model
396
Moving Average
401
Exponential Smoothing
401
Single Exponential
406
Double Exponential
Smoothing
Smoothing
@pba@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ba@a
413
416
Session
417
421
435
Transpose
437
Invert
Diagonal
447
Eigen Analysis
442
@bnya@pbn@na@u@pabjna@bba@@@@ @@
@@ba@a

453
458
Simulation
Goodness-of-Fit Tests

#...."!
2*3$ # &4"/01,$-. ()*+'&0020109787442 $%

@ @bc@pab
@ @a@a
@@
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bc@pab
MINITAB a@@wbi@@@@@b
.SPSS
wba@m:a@ba
( 1
Minitab
14

@ @a@a
(2
wba@ua
:
(5 )
Title bar
:a@a
:
. MINITAB

bc@pab

.[ Untitled
MINITAB
: Standard Tool bar
: Session
:sbra@a
:bra@a
Menu bar
:iaa@a

@ @a@a
: Worksheet
:
@ ba@a
pbbja@b :bra@ba
Minitab
:Numeric
. ......

:Text
. ........
:Date/Time
. ....
:
6

bc@pab
Text
Numeric
.
Date/Time
Name
Salary
Date of birth
Ali
150
10 Dec 1967
Ahmed
130
24 Oct 1960
Osama
200
13 Mar 1971
Mohammed
220
2 June 1980
:br
:paa
Salary
:
(1
Name
Worksheet

@ @a@a

: [ Name
[ C1-T] [ C1]
[ T]
.[Text]
Salary
:[ Numeric
.C2
8

bc@pab
Date
()
.[C3]
Format
(2
of birth
Editor
Date/Time
( )
Column
( )

@ @a@a

Current Date/Time Formats
[dd/mm/yyyy]
. New format

Worksheet
OK
[C3-D]
()
()
[C3]
10
()

bc@pab

Minitab
[ Text]
Date/Time
New format
[ Numeric]
a@y @: rbra ba
:paa
11

@ @a@a
(1
File
Save project As
)(Desktop
(2
)(osama
Save
12
)(Desktop

bc@pab

u@@bg :iaa@ba
. Salary
:paa
[Salary
( ]C2)
Insert
(1
Columns
13
( 2
Editor

@ @a@a

Worksheet
:
(3
Salary
:c@
14

bc@pab
[Salary
( ]C2)
Insert
(1
(2
Click
. Columns
Worksheet
(3
.Salary
@@rc@bg :ba @ba
.[ Date of Birth
] (C4 D)
:paa
Worksheet
(C5) (C4 D) ]
(1
.[(C6)
Click
] Insert
.[Insert Columns
Worksheet
Columns
(2
Editor
(3
.Date of Birth
15

@ @a@a
u@@bg :ba@ba
.
:paa
.(
Click
] Insert
)
Rows
.[ Insert Rows
(1
(2
Editor
.Worksheet
(3
@@rc@bg :iba ba
.
:paa
)
.(
Click
] Insert
.[ Insert Rows
.
Rows
Editor
16
(1
(2
(3

bc@pab
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:paa

(1
.
Click
) Delete
(2
.
.Worksheet
(3
@y Zbna@ba
:paa
.(
Click
) Delete
.
.Worksheet
(1
(2
(3
ba ba
17

@ @a@a
wbi@a@Minitab wbi@ Worksheet a@@m

Excel
:paa
Save Current
....
( 1
File
Worksheet as
Desktop
Excel 972000
18
Osama
Rabie

bc@pab
(Osama
Rabie)
XLS
Excel
(2
Desktop
19
(3
Save
. Excel
Title bar

@ @a@a

Minitab@wbi@a@Excel@ wbi@@@ang@: ba@ba

@@
:paa
Excel
(1
20

bc@pab

(2
Desktop
.XYZ
(3
. Minitab
(4
File
worksheet
Open
Excel

Minitab
Excel
xyz
(5
)Excel(*.xls
Open
21
Minitab

@ @a@a

oa@@@Worksheet@@@@rc@|n : bra ba
Minitab
.
:paa
New
22
File
(1

bc@pab
Minitab
Worksheet
(2
OK
(3
Worksheet
rc@c@@bg : rbra@ba
23

@ @a@a
]C2
.Osama Rabie
[Salary
:paa
].
(1
Column
:
.[
Editor
( 2
Hide/Unhide Columns
24

bc@pab
Unhidden Columns
Hidden Columns
. OK
(3
(4
:
. Unhidden Columns
Hidden Columns
@m : iaa@ba

:Salary
: br
All Salaries are in US Dollars

:paa
25

@ @a@a
(1
(2
Editor
Column
All Salaries are in US

Dollars
(3
.OK
(4
26

bc@pab

@@m : ba ba
.Worksheet
:paa
Worksheet
:
27
(1
Editor
Description

@ @a@a
. Osama Rabie
24
:Date(s)
.Jan
My New Book For Minitab
. OK
(2
(3
2007
:Comments
@ @Split Worksheet@ a@@ : ba@ba
28

:Creator

bc@pab
.(2)
( 1)
:la
:paa
Split Worksheet
Data
( 1
29

@ @a@a
[ C2
Gender
(2
.By variables
OK
(3
:
.
Hpbbj@I@@pbbi@bna : iba ba
.
30

bc@pab

:br
:paa
(1
Data
Subset Worksheet

3:10
31

@ @a@a
OK
Subset of
(2
Worksheet 1
:e@br
300
:paa
.
32
(2) (1)
(1

bc@pab

(2
(3
OK
33
.OK

@ @a@a

@a@pbbja@Hm@c@I@m : bra ba
:
. ..................
. ........
Minitab
34
:br

bc@pab

Completely Agreed
. Completelyagreed
:la
Completelyagreed
Agreed
Neutral
Disagreed
Completelydisagreed
:paa
35

@ @a@a
Code
Text to
Code data
( 1
Data
Numeric
opinion
from columns
C2
Into columns
. C1
Into columns
Original values
New
36

bc@pab

Small
Original values
Capital
37
OK
(2

@ @a@a

38

@ @a@bya@b
bja@rna
bra@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
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40

bja@rna@a@bya@b
:bna@pba@m@n@@a@a@
.
.Word
Session Window
.
.
:a@bya@b@Z@c
.(
.
Mean
SE of mean
Standard deviation
Variance
First quartile
Median
Third quartile
.
.(
)
.
Minitab
41
Interquartile range
Trimmed mean
Coefficient of variation

@ @bra@a
40

54
(2.7 = 5 54)
Sum
Minimum
Maximum
.
.
:
:
Range
Sum of squares
Skewness
Kurtosis
(2 = 5 40 )
MSSD
N nonmissing
N missing
N total
42

bja@rna@a@bya@b
Cumulative N

Percent
Cumulative Percent
:[1] br
(Mean)
.(Variance)
180 160 220
190
180
( Standard deviation)
250
150
200
Income
:paa
:
43
(1

@ @bra@a
Basic Statistics
Stat
(2
Display Descriptive Statistics
44
(3

bja@rna@a@bya@b
Variables
()
Income
:
. (Variables)
:
.(Income)
Income
.Select
(Variables)
Statistics
45
( )

@ @bra@a

()
Mean)
.( Variance Standard deviation
46

bja@rna@a@bya@b
Session

OK
( )
OK
(4
: Word @ Session pbua@b@y :bbq
:[2] br
" Income Output "
.Desktop
:paa
Save Session Window As
47
File
(1
(2

@ @bra@a

1
Desktop
2

Session
(3
]Rich Text Format [*.RTF
. Save
(4
word
(5
Desktop
48

bja@rna@a@bya@b

:[3]br
.
400
520
300
480
500
450
240
260
300
280
400
350
:paa
:
49
(1

@ @bra@a

Basic Statistics
Stat
Display Descriptive Statistics
50
(2

bja@rna@a@bya@b
By variables
Statistics
()
(optional)
Gender
Variables
. Income
Mean
Median
.
Session
( )
()
variation
OK
OK
( )
51
( )
:
Coefficient of
(3

@ @bra@a

: Tables ana@aa@bg@Z@brbq
:ya n by
:[4] br
:
10
12
10
15
14
15
16
15
12
:paa
:
52
(1

bja@rna@a@bya@b

Tally
Tables
Stat
Individual Variables
(2
Variables
53
C1
()

@ @bra@a
(4)
. Cumulative counts
Session
OK
(3
(4
OK
:n rc by
: [5] br
54

( )
. Counts
. Percents
. Cumulative percents

bja@rna@a@bya@b
:a a
:paa
Cross
Tables
Stat
Tabulation and Chi-Square
55
(1

@ @bra@a

:
. For rows
.
For columns
.For layers
:
Gender
Education
Smokes
()
( )
( )
()
Counts
.[ Display
OK
56
Session
(2

bja@rna@a@bya@b

Gender For rows

For
Smokes
:bra a
Education
57
columns

@ @bra@a
.OK
Session
:rbra@a
Gender
.For
For columns
58
rows
Smokes
Education

bja@rna@a@bya@b
.OK
Session
@ @bja@ba@Z@bia
Histogram
ana@xa
:[6] br
59

@ @bra@a

:paa
Graph
Histogram
OK
60
Simple
(1
(2

bja@rna@a@bya@b

Graph
C1
OK
. variables
(3
Histogram of C1
5
Frequency
10
20
30
C1
40
50
:
61

@ @bra@a

: Fill Pattern
. Custom
Type
Background color
Light Red
: Borders
and Fill Line
. Custom
Color
Type
.
62

bja@rna@a@bya@b
Size
. OK
Histogram of C1
5
Frequency
10
20
30
C1

] .(
40
50
.[
Bar Chart
a@
:[7] br
2001 2000
63

@ @bra@a
2001
2000
70
80
85
75
40
60
:paa
:

:
Cluster
Bar Chart
Graph
(1
64
(2

bja@rna@a@bya@b

.Values from a table
:
Bars represent
) Cluster
65
()
( )

@ @bra@a
Graph
C1
Columns

( )
Rows
Categorical variables for grouping
OK
(3
Chart of C1 vs Rows; Columns

90
80
70
C1
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Columns
Rows
2000 2001
H School
Rows
2000 2001
graduate
2000 2001
Undergraduate
Columns
66

()
.variables

bja@rna@a@bya@b

OK
Chart of C1 vs Columns; Rows

90
80
70
60
C1
50
40
30
20
10
0
Rows
H
o
ho
Sc
de
Un
Columns
te
ua
ad
r
rg
t
ua
ad
gr
e
H
ol
ho
Sc
de
Un
te
ua
ad
r
g
e
at
du
01
20
00
20
ra
rg
.Stack
67
:[8] @ br
paa

@ @bra@a
Bar Chart
(1
Graph
.Values from a table

(
:
Bars represent
) Stack
68
()
( )

bja@rna@a@bya@b

:
Graph
C1
Columns
Rows
()
.variables
( )
OK
(2
Chart of C1 vs Rows; Columns

180
C olumns
2000
2001
160
140
C1
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Rows
H School
Undergraduate
graduate
Rows
Columns
:
69

@ @bra@a
250
Rows
H School
Undergraduate
graduate
200
C1
150
100
50
2000
2001
aa
Pie Chart
[9] br
1350
70

Chart of C1 vs Columns; Rows
0
Columns

bja@rna@a@bya@b

.
:paa
Pie
Chart
:
.Chart values from a
Categorical
table
( )
variable
.Summary

:
(
Pie Chart Options
:
71
()
Grades
Numbers
(1
Graph

@ @bra@a

. Increasing volume
.
OK
Labels
72
(2

bja@rna@a@bya@b
. Slice Labels
Percent Category name
OK
OK
Pie Chart of Number vs Grades

Very Good
3.7%
C ategory
Very Good
Very Poor
Good
Poor
Fair
Very Poor
11.1%
Fair
40.7%
Good
18.5%
Poor
25.9%
73

@ @bra@a
:Graph bja@a@y
[10] br
Desktop
:paa
Save Graph
As
(1
74
File

(2

bja@rna@a@bya@b

Desktop
(3
Save
Desktop
Graph
Graph
(Image
. Minitab
:paa
75

@ @bra@a
Save as type
JPEG 24 bit
[*.JPG]
Graph
Save
76
Desktop

(1
(2

@ @a@bjna@
sbra@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@

78

a@bjna@
@ @Z@a@pabjng@ac
. Parametric Tests
(1
(2
. Non Parametric Tests
@ @Za@bjna@
( 1
( 2
( 3
( 4
.
.
30
(1
...
(5
Metric Data
. Central Limit Theorem
(2
79

@ @sbra@a

@ @ana
@ @bvna
@ @aa
@ @na
@ @a@pbbja
9 9 9
@ @bjna
One Sample T Test
Independent
Paired
( )
( )
Samples T Test
Samples T Test
9 9 9 9 9
( )
One Way ANOVA
@ @ana@@Za@a
"
."
MINITAB
.Anderson-Darling
(1
.Ryan-Joiner
(2
80

a@bjna@
. Kolmogorov-Smirnov
15
11
10
12
16
14
11
15
10
16
10
15
:bjng@la
) .
:[1] br
(15)
(3
. 5
:bnya@ na@ ang@ bjng@ by@ @ bya@ a@

(
81

@ @sbra@a
: (H0)
: (H1)
:pbbja@bg
:bjna@m@pa
Basic Statistics
Stat
Normality Test
82

(1

a@bjna@

(2
Business admin
. Variable
83

@ @sbra@a
Tests for Normality
Minitab
(3
OK
.
:
:na@wbna@m
84

Kolmogorov-Smirnov

a@bjna@

P. value
0.15
Ks
15
0.145
:na
0.15
" P. Value "@@bnya
( )
P.value
anhi@aa@b@ba@ba
P.Value
@@
bh
@@
|z a
85

@ @sbra@a
:bvna@@Zbra@a
MINITAB
"
."
Levene's Test
Z@nn@n@by@@Zc
(
:[2] br
:la
...
. 5
15
18
10
12
14
10
18
16
10
11
14
10
86

a@bjna@

)
@ n@by@@bvna@bjn@bya@ a@
:(
: (H0)
.(
: (H1)
.(
:pbbja@bg
:
(1)
]
:
[ (
87
(2)

@ @sbra@a

88

a@bjna@
:bjna m@pa
Basic
Statistics
Stat
( 1
2 Variances
89
(2

@ @sbra@a
.Samples in different columns

First
Session
Cairo Univ
.Second
()
( )
Monofiya Univ
.Ok
2
:
()
Bonferroni
90
. 95

a@bjna@

. Levene's test
:
( )
F-test
.
. Levene's test
()
( )
boxplots
F-test
( )
:na@wbna@m
Levene's Test
91

@ @sbra@a
(P. value)
Levenes Statistic
0.809
0.06
(80.9 ) 0.809
P.Value
:na
.(
:[3] br
21.068
21.716
:la
:
...
. 5
92

Levene's Test

a@bjna@

:bjna@m@pa
Basic
Statistics
Summarized
[ Variance
( 1
Stat
2 Variances
Sample size
(2
data
93

@ @sbra@a
(3
OK
:rc@c@pb@tq@by@@Zbbq
Minitab
(3)
(1
( 2
Levene's test
Bartletts Test
:[4] br
:la
94
. 5

a@bjna@
:(
.(
:(H0)
) :bvna@bjn@bya@a@
: (H1)
.(
:pbbja@bg

95

@ @sbra@a
:bjna@m@pa
Test for
ANOVA
( 1
Stat
Equal Variances
96
(2

a@bjna@

:
Response
samples
Codes
.Factors
Ok
:pbua@b@pb
97

@ @sbra@a

:na@wbna@m
Bartletts Test
(P. value)
Bartletts Test
0.819
0.40
:na
(81.9 ) 0.819
.(
P.Value
98

@ @ra@pa
iaa@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@

100

ra@pa
:ra@pa@@na@bya
]
Parameters
[ .....
Confidence Intervals
:
.
.(
. Test of Statistical Hypothesis
(1
(2
( ) na@n@ra@@m@Z c
: ( ) nv@ba@aa@@by@ .1
[ 1-Sample
:[1] br
50
55
.(
101
12.4

@ @iaa@a
:la
)(
) (
= Sample Size
) (
)(
) = (x
50
55
) = (
Stat
(1
:paa
99.
12.4
= . 99
1-Sample
Basic Statistics
102

ra@pa

:
()
( )
( )
()
. Summarized data
. (50)
Sample size
. (55)
Mean
Standard deviation
. (12.4)
Options
(2
Confidence level
.
Session
. (99)
OK
103
()
( )
(3
OK

@ @iaa@a

:wbna@@na
50.483
59.517
.99
:[2] br
)(7
10
14
1.7
11
16
:la
90.
:paa
104
17
)

ra@pa
Worksheet
Basic Statistics
(1
Stat
(2
1-Sample Z
105

@ @iaa@a
Samples in
. columns
Samples
( )
Standard deviation
( )
Statistics
. in columns
. (1.7)
Options
.(
()
Confidence level
. (90)
)
Session
OK
106
( )
.OK
:
(3
(4

()

ra@pa

:wbna@@na
.90
12.9140
10.8003
: ( ) nv@ba@aa@@@by@ .2
[ 1-Sample t ]
.
. 90
300
107
45
:[3] br
: la

@ @iaa@a
:paa
Basic Statistics
1-Sample t
. (300)
()
( )
( )
()
Mean
Standard
Sample size
deviation
. (45)
:
. Summarized data
. (9)
(1
Stat
Options
108
(2

ra@pa

Confidence level
. (90)
Session
OK
()
( )
OK
:
(3
:wbna@@na
109

@ @iaa@a
272.107
327.893
.90
:
14
13
:[4] br
(10)
12
11
14
13
14
12
:la
.95
:paa
:
Worksheet
110

(1

ra@pa

Basic Statistics
1-Sample t
111
(2
Stat

@ @iaa@a
Samples in
()
. columns
Samples in
Car
( )
.columns
:
Options
(3
()
Confidence level
. (95)
Session
( )
OK
(4
OK
112

ra@pa

:wbna@@na
10.4919
13.5081
.95
(P ) na@@j@ra@@m@Zbbq
[1
Proportion
(P )
:[5] br
70
100
113

@ @iaa@a
:la
. 95
Basic Statistics
. (100)
. Summarized data
Number of trials
Number of events
Options
114
(1
[1 Proportion ]
:paa
Stat
. (70)
()
( )
( )
(2

ra@pa

:
. (95)
()
( )
Confidence level
Use test and interval based on
. normal distribution
Test
Alternative
proportion
on normal distribution
( )
Use test and interval based
()
115
OK
(3

@ @iaa@a
Session
.95
(4
OK
:wbna@@na
78.98 60.18
( ) n@n@i@@ra@@m@Zbrbq
1
:na@pba@by@ .1
:[6] br
:la:(
116

ra@pa

)
97
.(
13
18
15
2
7
15
10
11
10
*
14
11
6
3
17
10
12
8
13
14
:paa
Worksheet
(1
:a@a
]
[
117

@ @iaa@a

: bra@a
(
(1)
[ (2)
118

ra@pa

.
Basic Statistics
different columns
First
.Mansorh Univ
Second
Options
119
(2
2-Sample t
. Cairo Univ
Stat
:
. Samples in
()
( )
( )
(3

@ @iaa@a

()
Confidence level
. (97)
Session
OK
OK
( )
(4
:wbna@@na
120

ra@pa

6.01564
3.93484
.97
:[7] br

25
60
25
50
:la
98.
121

@ @iaa@a
:paa
(1
Stat
2-Sample t
Basic Statistics
:
1
(2
Options
122

ra@pa
()
Confidence level
. (98)
Session
( )
OK
(3
OK
:wbna@@na
12.4141
7.5859
.98
na@@pba@by@
123
.2

@ @iaa@a
: [8] br
:(
10
13
10
11
14
14
17
10
11
12
17
17
:la
. 92
:paa
:
124
(1

ra@pa

Basic Statistics
First sample
( 2
Stat
Paired
.
125
After
()

@ @iaa@a
.Second
sample
Before
( )
Options
Confidence level
. (92)
Session
()
( )
OK
(4
OK
126

(3

ra@pa
:wbna@@na
0.83082
.92
3.27526
(P P ) na@@nj@i@@ra@@m@Zbia
1
:[9] br
400
600
1000
300
550
:la
.90
:paa
Basic Statistics
127
Stat
2 Proportions
(1

@ @iaa@a

(2
)(
) (
Options
Confidence level
). (90
OK
128

ra@pa
Session
(3
OK
:wbna@@na
20.68
12.65
.90
(M )
na@@ra@m@Zbb
Sign
Wilcoxon
. 1-Sample
. 1-Sample
()
( )
:[10] br
129

@ @iaa@a
: (5)
:(4)
:(3)
:(2)
: (1)
:la
.94

:(
1-Sample Sign
:paa
:
130
(1

ra@pa

Nonparametrics
Stat
1-Sample Sign
131
(2

@ @iaa@a

. Variables
. (94)
Session
Opinion
()
( )
Level
(3
Ok
:@wbna@@na
132

ra@pa

:
:(90.37
.(4)
( 3)
:(96.91
()
.(4)
( 2.676)
( 4)
:(94
)
.(5)
( )
( )
: [11] br
:

1-Sample
Wilcoxon
:paa
:
Nonparametrics
Stat
( 2
1-Sample Wilcoxon
133
(1

@ @iaa@a

. Variables
.(94)
Session
Opinion
()
Level
( )
Ok
(3
@ @wbna@@na
134

ra@pa
(4)
( 3)
.(
(M M )
1
94
) 93.9
@i@@ra@@m@Zbb
Minitab
Mann-Whitney
:[12] br
135

@ @iaa@a
:la
. 95
:paa
Nonparametrics
Stat
Mann-Whitney
136
(1
(2

ra@pa
:
.First Sample
.Second Sample
.(95)
Female
Male
()
( )
( )
Confidence level
Session
Ok
:
(3
:wbna@@na
] .95.9
:
.[
( ) nv@ba@a@ra@@m@Zbib
137

@ @iaa@a
Graphical
:[13] br
20
15
11
10
. 90
:paa
:
Basic Statistics
Graphical Summary
138
(1
Stat

.Summary
(2

ra@pa

:
Variables
C1
()
( )
Confidence level
. 90

Output
139
OK
(3

@ @iaa@a

3.428
. 90
140
9.513

@ @a@pabjna
ba@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@

142

a@pabjna
Parametric Tests a@pabjna@ac

:
Minitab
:ya@@by@
()
( 1
.1-Sample Z
( 2
. 1-Sample T
:n@by@
( 3
.2-Sample T
Paired T
( 4
. 1 Proportion
( 5
. 2 Proportions
( 6
( )
( )
:rc@c@pb@tq@by@
.One Way ANOVA
. Two Way ANOVA

.
(7
(8
143

@ @ba@a
bjna
] ( )
( )
:[1] br
(15)
14
12
11
14
16
10
15
10
16
17
:la
. 95
(16)
2.4
144

@ @a@bjna
1-Sample Z
1-Sample Z

a@pabjna
(1-Sample Z ) bjna@by@@bya@a@
:(
16
:(H0)
:(H1)
)
16
H 0 : = 16
H 1 : 16
145
:pbbja@bg

@ @ba@a
:bjna@m@pa
Basic Statistics
1-Sample Z
Samples in
C1
(1
columns
()
( )
Standard deviation
. (2.4)

( )
Test mean
. (16)
Options
146

Stat
(2

a@pabjna

:
(95)
. 95
. not equal
.
Session
( )

OK
( )
147
( )
OK
()
Confidence level
Alternative
(3

@ @ba@a

Session pbua@b@pb
:
(4)
One-Sample Z
.[Test of mu = 16 vs not = 16 ]
The
assumed
2.4
(1
(2
( 3
.[standard deviation = 2.4

:
. (15)
. (11.2000)
.(4.1782)
(x )
(s)
148
:N ( )
:Mean ( )
:StDev ( )
(4

a@pabjna

=
:SE Mean
] .
.[0.6197 =
12.4145
2.4
(12.4145 9.9855)
15
:95% CI ( )
. 95
z=
()
9.9855
:Z ()
( Z)
11 . 2 16
= 7 . 75
2 .4
15
P. Value
0.000
:P ()
:aa@bg
:[ ] a n [P. Value] i a :a@a

:
(1-Sample Z)
P.value
15
149
( Z)
7.75

@ @ba@a
)0
16
P.Value
: Confidence Interval ra@@@ :bra@a

:
.[( )
] : bjna b :a@ba
] : ya bjna b :bra@ba
.[(
150

( 5

a@pabjna

] b@ ya@@@ bjna@@@c@by@ : rbra@ba
[(
(9.9855;
(16)
.95
16
.12.4145)
:[2] br
:
H 0 : 13
:iba@bra@
H 1 : > 13
:bya@a
151

@ @ba@a
)
(
13
13
: (H1)
: (H0)
:bjna@m@pa
Basic Statistics
1-Sample Z
Samples in
C1
( 1
Stat
152
columns

()

a@pabjna
( )
Standard deviation
. (2.4)

( )
Test mean
. (13)
Options
(2
:
] (95)
greater than
Session
Alternative
()
Confidence level
.[95
( )
OK
( )
OK
:
153
(3

@ @ba@a

:b@z
( =)
Minitab
()
( )
( )
:aa@bg
:[ ] a@n@[ P. Value ] i@a@@ : c
154

a@pabjna
(1-Sample Z)
( Z)
P.value
0.998
15
(0.998)
2.90
P.Value
.(13)
Confidence Interval@
ra@@@ :bbq
:
.
(13)
)(
) (
.(10.1807)
. 95
(13)
[3] br
:
H 0 : 13
155

@ @ba@a
: bya@a@
.
13
: (H0)
: (H1)
13
:bjna@m@pa
Basic Statistics

H 1 : < 13
156
Stat
1-Sample Z
( 1

a@pabjna
Samples in
columns
C1
(2
()
( )
Standard deviation
. (2.4)

( )
Test mean
. (13)
Options
:
] (95)
.[95
Less than
.(
.
( )
Alternative
157

()
Confidence level
(3
OK
( )

@ @ba@a
Session
:[ ] a@n
. 13
P.value
0.002
15
[ P. Value ] i@a@@ : c
] 0.002
:aa@bg
(1-Sample Z)
[0.2
(4
OK
( Z)
2.90
P.Value
158

a@pabjna

Confidence Interval
.
(13)
: bbq
ra@@@
.(12.2193)
()
( )
. 95
(13)
[4] br
50
55
12.4
:la
. 99
52
: bya@a@
52
159
: (H0)

@ @ba@a
52
: (H1)
:bjna@m@pa
Basic Statistics
1-Sample Z
:
.
. (50)
.(55)

()
Summarized data
( )
Sample size
( )
()
Mean
Standard deviation
.(12.4)
160
( 1
Stat

a@pabjna
Test mean
.(52)
not equal
(2
( )
Alternative
()
Confidence level
. 99
(99)
Options
()
.(
Session
OK
( )
161
(3
OK

@ @ba@a

:[ ] a@n@[ P. Value
:aa@bg
] i@a@@ : c
(1-Sample Z)
P.value
0.087
55
1.71
P.Value
0.087
(Z)
52
Confidence Interval
162
ra@@@
: bbq

a@pabjna
(52)
. (50.4830; 59.5170)
:
. 99
52
@ @bra@bjna
1-Sample T
bjna
( )
( )
:[5] br
12
330
310
450
300
400
600
300
420
250
150
550
280
163

@ @ba@a
:la

1-Sample T
90
H 0 : = 500
H 1 : 500
:paa
Worksheet
Basic Statistics
:pbbja@bg (1
Stat
1-Sample t
164
( 2

a@pabjna

:
Samples in
C1
()
columns
( )
Test mean
. (500)
Options
165
(3

@ @ba@a
(90)
Session
.(
( )
not equal
OK
( )
: pby
(4
OK
Alternative
:SE
Mean
. [36.945 = 12 127.980]
166
()

()
Confidence level
. 90

a@pabjna
:
T =
:T ( )
x
361 . 667 500
=
= 3 . 74
s
127 . 980
n
12
:[ ] a@n
:aa@bg
[P. Value ] i@a@@ : c
(1-Sample t)
P.value
0.003
12
0.003
- 3.74
P.Value
( t)
500
1 ] 10
: Confidence Interval ra@@@

:
.
167
: bbq

@ @ba@a
(500)

:
. 90
500
:[6] br
:iba@bra@
:
H 0 : 350
H 1 : > 350
. 94
:paa
.
Basic Statistics
1-Sample t
168
(1
Stat

.(295.319; 428.015)
(2

a@pabjna

:
Samples in
C1
columns
()
( )
Test mean
.(350)
Options
169
(3

@ @ba@a
(94)
. 94
.(
Session

( )
Alternative
:[ ] a@n [ P. Value
170
OK

greater than
()
Confidence level
( )
OK
(4
:aa@bg
] i@a@@ : c

a@pabjna
(1-Sample t)
P.value
0.379
12
0.32
P.Value
0.379
( t)
1 ] 6
350
: Confidence Interval ra@@@@@Z bbq

:
.[
(350)
.[299.945]
. 94
350
:[7] br
171
:iba@bra@

@ @ba@a

H 0 : 285
H 1 : < 285
. 94
:paa
Basic Statistics
Samples in
1-Sample t
C1
(1
Stat
()
columns
Test mean
. (285)
172
( )

a@pabjna
Options
94
OK
( )
Less than
Session
Alternative
()
Confidence level
. 94
(2
OK
173
(3

@ @ba@a

:aa@bg
:[ ] a@n [P. Value ]@i@a@@@: c
(1-Sample t)
P.value
0.969
12
0.969
( t)
2.08
P.Value
285
: Confidence Interval ra@@@
174
1 ] 6
: bbq

a@pabjna

:

[.
)(285
].[423.940
285
. 94
:[8] br
) ( 20
35
:la
H 0 : = 40
H 1 : 40
99.
:paa
175

@ @ba@a
Basic Statistics
1-Sample t
. Summarized data
. (20)
( )
( )
()
Mean
. (7)
Test mean
.(40)
Options
176
()
Standard deviation
Sample size
. (35)
(1
Stat
()
(2

a@pabjna

:
(99)
not equal
.
Session
( )
Alternative
OK
177
()
Confidence level
. 99
( )
OK
(3

@ @ba@a
:[ ] a@n@ [P. Value
(1-Sample t )
] i@a@@ : c
( t)
P.value
0.005
20
0.005
:aa@bg
3.19
P.Value
1 ] 1
40
: Confidence
Interval
:bbq
ra@@@
.[
(40)
.(30.5219;
39.4781)
40
.99
178

a@pabjna

@ @sbra@bjna
2-Sample T bjna
.
( 1 2 )
10
12
10
17
11
12
10
14
15
10
15
11
18
10
179
:[9] br

@ @ba@a
H 0:
H 1:
1
1
2
2
: la
= 0
0
. 90
2-Sample
:paa
:pbbja@bg
Basic Statistics
Stat
180
2-Sample t
(1
(2

a@pabjna

:
. Samples in
different columns
. Tanta Univ
.Cairo Univ
: First
()
( )
: Second
. Assume equal variances
( )
()
:
:
Assume equal variances

Two-Sample T-Test
:bra@kja
.
181
:a@ kja

@ @ba@a

Options
(3
90
.(
not equal
( )
( )
Alternative
Test difference
182

()
Confidence level
. 90
(
OK
()

a@pabjna
Session
(4
OK
1
2
3
4
Session:
pbua@z@pb@a
Two-Sample T-Test
.
.
(x )
183
()
: SE Mean
Estimate for difference
(2
: StDev ( )
(1
: Mean ( )
()
(3

@ @ba@a
(4
90% CI for difference
(0.66226 5.66226)
0.66226
5.66226
. 90
:
Two-Sample T-Test
:
( 5
()
T-Test of difference = 0 (vs not =)
1.37
: T-Value ( )
:
t =
x1 x 2
2
s
n
s
n
9 . 10 11 . 60 0
(4 . 72 ) + (3 . 31 )
2
10
P. Value
= 1 . 37
10
0.187
:P( )
: DF ( )
18 = 2 10 + 10 =
:Pooled StDev ( )
:
184

2.5 = 11.60 9.10

a@pabjna
(n
S =
pooled
1)s 1 +
2
(n
2
1)s 2
[(9 ) (4 . 72 ) ]+ [(9 ) (3 . 31 ) ] = 4 . 0777

2
18
Zaa@bg
:[ ] a@n [P. Value
] i@a@@@Z@c
(1-Sample t)
P.value
DF
0.187
20
0.187
( t)
1.37
P.Value
1 ]
10
: Confidence Interval ra@@@@@Z@bbq@
.[
185

@ @ba@a
;.(-5.66226
)0.66226
. 99
[10] br
iba@bra@
:
0
> 0
2
2
1
1
H 0:
H 1:
95.
:paa
(1
)(2) (1
(2
Options
:
186

a@pabjna
95
. 95
.(
greater than
Session
( )
( )
)(
OK
:[ ] a@n@ [P. Value
( 3
OK
187
Alternative
Test difference
()
Confidence level
:aa@bg
] i@a@@@Z@c

@ @ba@a
(1-Sample t)

( t)
P.value
DF
0.906
20
0.906
1.37
P.Value
Interval
1 ] 5
: Confidence
ra@@@@@Z@bbq
.[

.(-5.66226)
.95
:[11] br
188

a@pabjna
1.5
200
25
350
20
H 0:
H 1:
1
1
:
2
2
la
0
< 0
. 98
:paa
Basic Statistics
189
Stat
2-Sample t
( 1

@ @ba@a

1
(2
Options
)(
Confidence level
) (
. 98
Test difference
190
98

a@pabjna
Less
.(
than
Session
OK
191
()
OK
:
:[ ] a@n [P. Value
( )
Alternative
(3
:aa@bg
] i@a@@@Z@c

@ @ba@a
DF
0.000
43
(t)
P.value
120.69
P.Value
1 ] 2
.[

(1-Sample t)
.(-147.368)
.98
[12] br
192

a@pabjna
H 0:
H 1:
2
2
100
150
220
200
300
120
80
130
120
80
100
100
70
300
250
150
400
140
. 95
:la
= 50
50
:paa
:
193
(1

@ @ba@a

Basic Statistics
2-Sample t
:
. Samples in
different columns
194
( 2
Stat

()

a@pabjna
. Tanta Univ
. Cairo Univ
: First
: Second
. Assume equal variances
50
.(
( )

Session
( )
Alternative
Test difference
not equal
(3
()
.50
Confidence level
. 95
( )
95
()
Options
( )
OK
()
OK
:
195
(4

@ @ba@a

:[ ] a@n [P. Value
:aa@bg
] i@a@@@Z@c
(1-Sample t)
P.value
DF
0.542
16
0.62
P.Value
(54.2)
0.542
( t)
1 ] 5
196
50

a@pabjna

: Confidence Interval ra@@@@@Z bbq

.[
(50)
. (-73.2001;
117.2001)
. 95
@ @iaa@bjna
Paired t bjna
Paired T
.( 1 2 )
197
(1

@ @ba@a
(2
) /
(
.
[13] br
:la
160
100
280
180
450
300
140
150
165
120
400
220
350
190
200
120
Paired T
1.
=0
0
198
H :
H :

a@pabjna
:bna@a@@iba@bya@a@b@
).
.(
:(H0)
).
:(H1)
.(
paa
:pbbja@bg
Basic Statistics
199
Stat
Paired t
(1
(2

@ @ba@a

First sample
.
. Second
sample
. (99)
()
Before
After
Options
( )
(3
Confidence level
200
()

a@pabjna
(0)
( )
Test Mean
.(0)
not equal
( )
Alternative
.
Session
OK
()
OK
(4
:pbua@b@@pbya@c
: Difference
. Mean
201
i@ba@pbbja
()

@ @ba@a
. StDev
.
(Before)
SE Mean
(After)
()
Before
After
Difference
160
100
60
280
180
100
450
300
150
140
150
10
165
120
45
400
220
180
350
190
160
200
120
80
( )
Difference
202

a@pabjna
(4.17)
:ia (T)
T=
d
s
d
( )
95.6250 0
= 4.17
64.8866
8
:
.
.
:d
: sd
:aa@bg
:[ ] a@n [P. Value] i@a@@@Z@c
(Paired t )
P.value
0.004
( 0.04 ) 0.004
[
( t)
4.17
P.Value
1]
203

@ @ba@a
).
.(
.(175.9062
15.3438)
)
:
.99
[14] br
H :
H :
0
:@ iba@na@
0
<0
:paa
.
Basic Statistics
204
(1
Stat
Paired t

: Confidence Interval ra@@@@@Z@bbq
.[
(2

a@pabjna

First sample
.
. Second
sample
()
Before
After
( )
Options
( )
:
. (99)
: Confidence level
205
()

@ @ba@a
Test Mean
.(
.(
.
Session
Less than
OK
( )
()
OK
(3
:aa@bg
206

Alternative
) (

a@pabjna
(Paired t)
( t)
P.value
0.998
4.17
(0.998)
P.Value
1] 1
.[
.(164.4006)
)
:
.99
[15] br
. 99
la
207
30

@ @ba@a
H :
H :
:bya@a
30
> 30
.
.
30
::(H0)
30
:(H1)
:paa
.
Paired t
Basic Statistics
208
( 2
Stat
(1

a@pabjna
First sample
.
. Second
Before
After
sample
()
Options

( )
( )
:
:
.(99)
: Test
Session
( )
Mean
( )
greater than
OK
()
(3
OK
209
()
Alternative
.(
: Confidence level
.(30)

@ @ba@a

:aa@bg
(Paired t )
P.value
0.012
0.012
( t)
2.86
P.Value
1] 1
30
210

a@pabjna

:

.[
(30)
.(26.8494)
. 99
:[16] br
24
3.5
15
:la
:95
H :
0
H :
1
=0
0
@ @bya@a
211

@ @ba@a
):(H0
):(H1
Paired t
).
Stat
(.
:paa
(1
) .
(.
Basic Statistics
(2
Options
212

a@pabjna

.(95)

: Confidence level
(0)
.
Session
( )
( )
Alternative
.(
not equal
OK
213
()
Test Mean
.(
()
OK
(3

@ @ba@a

:[ ] a@n [P. Value
:aa@bg
] i@a@@@Z@c
(Paired t )
P.value
26.56
P.Value
( t)
Confidence Interval
214
1] 5
ra@@@@@Z@bbq@

a@pabjna
:
.[
22.0618)
.(25.9382
. 95
@ @ba@bjna
1 Proportion bjna
.(
) (P)
:[17] br
1 Proportion
100
70
:la
95
215

@ @ba@a

H 0 : P = 0 .6
H 1 : P 0 .6
:paa
Basic Statistics
:
Stat
1 Proportion
.(70)
: Number of trials
( )
: Number of events
Options
216
()
( )
. Summarized data
.(100)
(1
(2

a@pabjna

:
. (95)
: Confidence level
()
: Test proportion
( )
.(0.6)
not equal
.
.
Session
( )
Alternative
()
OK
OK
217
(3

@ @ba@a

1
2
:
.
X)
Session
:X ()
:N ( )
:Sample p ( )
.(0.70 =10070)
(N
: CI 95 ( )
(0.789817 0.610183)
(Z )
: Z-Value ( )
218
( 1
( 2

a@pabjna

z=
p p
p (1 p )
:
^
N X
:p
.(0.70 =10070)
.
.
.
:p
: P-Value ( )
:aa@bg
:[ ] a@n [P. Value
] i@a@@@Z@c
(Paired t )
( z)
P.value
0.041
2.04
219

@ @ba@a
(4.1)
0.041
P.Value
1]
.60
.[
(0.60)
.(0.789817
0.610183)
. 95
60
[18] br
. 95
H 0 : P 0 .6
la : iba@bra@
H 1 : P > 0 .6
:paa
.
(2) (1)
220

(1

a@pabjna

:
. (95)

: Confidence level
()
( )
Test proportion
.(0.6)
greater than
Session
( )
Alternative
OK
()
(2
OK
221

@ @ba@a

:aa@bg
:[ ] a@n [P. Value
] i@a@@@Z@c
(Paired t )
( z)
P.value
0.021
0.021
2.04
P.Value
Interval
222
1]
: Confidence
.60
ra@@@@@Z@bbq

a@pabjna

[.
(0.60
).(0.624623
60
:[19] br
. 95
95.
H 0 : P 0 .6
H 1 : P < 0 .6
:paa
(1
)(2) (1
:
223
).(17

@ @ba@a
.(95)
()
: Confidence level
: Test proportion
Less than
( )
( )
Alternative
OK
OK
Session
:[ ] a@n [P.
(Paired t )
0.979
Value
] i@a@@@Z@c
2.04
224
(2
:aa@bg
( z)
P.value
()

. (0.6)

a@pabjna
P.Value
0.979
1] 5

.60
.[
(0.60)
.(0.775377)
. 95
60
@ @ba@bjna
2 Proportion bjna
. ( P1 P2 )
:
225
:P

@ @ba@a
:P
[20] br
180
250
300
100
:la
2 Proportions
. 99
: bya@a
H 0 : P1 P2 = 0
: (H0)
: (H1)
H 1 : P1 P2 0
:paa
226

a@pabjna
Basic Statistics
( 1
Stat
2 Proportions
Options
.(99)
()
: Confidence level
Test proportion
.(
(2
227
) (

@ @ba@a
not equal
Use pooled estimate of p for
.
.
test
()
()
OK
OK
Session
(3
:pbua@b@@pbya@c
:
:
.( p c )
228
( Z)

( )
Alternative
.1
:a@a

a@pabjna
Z=

p 1 p 2
1
1
p c (1 p c ) +
n1 n2
where
x + x2
p c = 1
n1 + n2
:
.(0.72 = 250180)
.(0.3333=300100)
: p 2
: p1
p c
: x1
: x2
: n1
: n2
: bra@a
p 1 p 2 d 0
Z=
p 1 (1 p 1 ) p 2 (1 p 2 )
+
n1
n2
229
.2

@ @ba@a
Use pooled estimate
[of
.3
p for test
180 + 100
= 0.50909
250 + 300
0.72 0.33333
Z =
= 9.03
1
1
0.50909(1 0.50909)
+
250 300
p c =
:aa@bg
:[ ] a@n [P. Value ] i@a@@@Z@c
(Paired t )
( z)
P.value
0.000
9.03
P.Value
230
1] 1

(Z)

a@pabjna
: Confidence Interval @ra@@@@@Z@bbq@
.[
(
.(0.487984

0.285350)
.99
[21] br

.(Z)
:paa
.
(2) (1)
231
(1
(2

@ @ba@a

Use pooled estimate of p for
.()
test
()
OK
( )
.
Session
232
(3
OK

a@pabjna
(Z)
p 1 p 2 d 0
Z=
p 1 (1 p 1 ) p 2 (1 p 2 )
+
n1
n2
0.72 0.3333 0
Z=
0.72(1 0.72) 0.3333(1 0.3333)
250
300
= 9.83
(Z)
.(
H 0 : P1 P2 0
[22] br
: (20)
H 1 : P1 P2 > 0
. 99
:paa
2
Basic Statistics
:
233
Stat
Proportions
(1

@ @ba@a

99
Options
()
Confidence level
( )
Test proportion
greater than
( )
Alternative
.
.
(2
234
OK
()

a@pabjna
Session
(3
OK
:aa@bg
:[ ] a@n [P. Value ] i@a@@@Z@c
(Paired t )
( z)
P.value
0.000
9.83
P.Value
1] 1
235

@ @ba@a
.(0.295163)
:
.99
[23] br
: (20)
H 0 : P1 P2 = 0 .10
H 1 : P1 P2 0 .10
. 99
:paa
Basic Statistics
:
236
Stat

.[
(
( 1
2 Proportions

a@pabjna

1
Options
.(99)
: Confidence level
Test proportion
.(0.10)
237
(2
()
) (

@ @ba@a
not equal
( )
Alternative
: z
.
(10)
.(Z)
Session
OK
()
:
238
(Z)
(3
OK

Use pooled estimate of p for test

a@pabjna
Z=
Z=

p 1 p 2 d 0
p 1 (1 p 1 ) p 2 (1 p 2 )
+
n1
n2
0.72 0.3333 0.10
0.72(1 0.72) 0.3333(1 0.3333)
250
300
= 7.29
:aa@bg
:[ ]@a@n
[P. Value ] i@a@@@Z@c
(Paired t )
( z)
P.value
0.000
7.29
.10
: Confidence
.[
P.Value
(0.10)
.(0.487984
0.285350)
239
ra@@@@@Z@bbq@
1] 1
Interval

@ @ba@a
@ @bjna@
Analysis Of Variance
@ @Zbjna@a@n@n
(3)
:bjna@@ac
]
[( .......
Non- Metric
. [ ......
.
One
(2)
Two
) Metric
Way ANOVA
240
. Way ANOVA

.10

a@pabjna
N Way
(N )
. ANOVA
@ @iba@bjna
@ @ya@bg@@bjna@@
One Way ANOVA
: ya@bg@@bjna@@b@n@na@pbz@rc

.[
] .
.[
( 2
].
(1
[24] br
:
(4)
241

@ @ba@a

Fiat
Cetrion
BMW
Mercedes
90
110
150
150
105
140
130
140
85
150
145
160
75
100
120
130
95
130
150
140
100
135
130
120
110
120
120
135
:la
. 95
) : @ ya@b@g@@bjna@@by@@bya@a@ (3
:(
:(H0)
.(
242

a@pabjna
:(H1)
.(
H : = = =
0
H1 :
c@i@bya@a
4
:p
@ bbja@bg
:paa
ANOVA
Stat
( 1
One-Way (Unstacked)
243

@ @ba@a

:z
One-Way (Unstacked)
]
.
...
:
Stat
> ANOVA > One-way
One-Way
(2
(Unstacked)
244

a@pabjna

1
:pby
Comparisons
)(
multiple comparison test
245

@ @ba@a
. Post- Hoc Tests
Fisher
(3
(4
OK
OK
:
.
ANOVA
Session
()
( )
: ANOVA bjna@@bjna@wbn@Z@c
246

( )

a@pabjna

Z@auc@qq@a@a@a@@wbna@m@
ANOVA Table
S=
:a@a
: bra a
:S
(n1 1) s12 + (n2 1) s22 + (n3 1) s32 + (n4 1) s24

(n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 ) k
:
.
.
.
247
: s12
: s 22
: s32

@ @ba@a
.(
.(
.(
: s 24
.(
: n2
n3
n4
.
:
n1
: R Sq
: R Sq (adj)
SS Factor
100
SS Total
8703
=
100 = 64.557%
13481
R Sq =
MS Error
R Sq(adj ) = 1
100
SS Total
DF Total
199
= 1
100 = 60.14%
13481
27
.
:
248
:sbra a

a@pabjna
: (N)
(Mean)
(StDev)
:na@wbna@m@
ANOVA
( )
P.value
MS
SS
DF
14.57
2901
8703
199
4779
24
13481
27
P.Value
Source
1 ]
0.000
249

@ @ba@a
:
.(
.(
.(BMW
.(Fiat
)
.(Fiat
.(Fiat
(Mercedes
(Mercedes
(BMW
(Mercedes
(BMW
(Cetrion
250
:(H1)
:(H0)
:
)
@na@pbba@bjna@wbn@Z@bbq

.(
Multiple Comparison Test
.(Cetrion
)
)
)
.(Cetrion
()
( )
( )
()
()
()
:aa@bg

a@pabjna
Fisher
: pbua@b@@Fisher@bjna@wbn@|@bna@a
( Mercedes
:auc (3) a@wbna@m@
:a@a
.( Fiat Cetrion BMW)

Cetrion
BMW
. Fiat
251
:bra@a

@ @ba@a
. Fiat
Cetrion
:sbra@a
:wbna@m
Mercedes
+ 11.28
19.85
BMW
+ 2.71
28.42
Cetrion
29.43
60.57
Fiat
+ 7.00
24.14
Cetrion
25.15
56.28
Fiat
BMW
16.58
47.71
Fiat
Cetrion
Mercedes
Fiat
BMW
@ @bra@bjna
@ @bg@@bjna@@
Two Way ANOVA
252
Mercedes

a@pabjna
[25] br

Fiat
Cetrion
BMW
Mercedes
90
110
150
150
80
105
140
130
140
90
85
150
145
160
96
:la
:
95
()
( )
:bg@@bjna@@by@@bya@a@
:@jbi
:(H0)
:(H1)
: @jbi
253
:(H0)

@ @ba@a
:(H1)
:paa
[ Row Column ]
(145)
(1
Two-
ANOVA
254
( 2
Way
:
Stat
.
.

a@pabjna

OK
P.Value
( 64.5
1.3
0.013
Session
) 0.645
(Column)
255
(3
(Row)
5
P.Value

@ @ba@a
:bg@@bjna@@bjna@n@c@
:paa
ANOVA
. Response
: Responses
:Model
Row
( 1
Stat
Balanced ANOVA
()
( )
.Column
256

ok
(2

a@pabjna

257

@ @ba@a

258

@ @a@pabjna
ba@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@

260

a@pabjna
@ @a@pabjna
Non - Parametric Tests
@ @Z

.[
: Minitab a@wbi@b@a@a@pabjna@ac
. 1-sample sign test
. 1-sample Wilcoxon
. Mann-Whitney test
. Kruskal-Wallis test
. Mood's median
test
. Friedman test
:
. Runs Tests
:
.[ 2 Test ]
.[Fisher Test]
.i
.ii
@ @a@bjna
@ @ya@@by@@ba@bjna
1-sample sign Test
261
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7

@ @ba@a
@ @Z@pby
:
)(
.1-sample Z
) (
. 1-sample t-tests
1-sample sign test
[ Median
( )
] ( )
(2
1-sample Z
1-sample t-tests
(1
.[Mean
[1] br
(11)
:(
.
.
.
.
262
: (5)
:(4)
:(3)
:(2)

a@pabjna

.
: (1)

:la
. 99
(3)
:bya@a
.(3)
H0 : M 3
: (H 1 )
.(3)
: (H 0 )
H1 : M > 3
:paa
:
263
(1

@ @ba@a

Nonparametrics
:
Stat
1-Sample Sign
264
(2

a@pabjna

(3
C1
(4
OK
:pbua@z@pb
265

@ @ba@a
)(
) (
:N
) (
)(5
:Below
).(11
) [(3
:Equal
) [(3
)(2
)(
:Above
)(4
)(
)(
)[ (3
:P
P.value
:Median
:aa@bg
).(0.7461
).(3
Median
P.Value
11
0.7461
266

a@pabjna
( 74.61
) 0.7461
P.Value
(1)
. (3)
:[2] br
:
H0 : M = 3
H1 : M 3
. 99
:paa
.
Nonparametrics
Stat
1-Sample Sign
267
(1
(2

@ @ba@a

1
3
C1
(3
OK
:aa@bg
268

a@pabjna
P.Value
Median
11
( 100
)1
P.Value
(1)
. (3)
@ @bra@bjna
@ @ya@@by@@@bjna
1-sample Wilcoxon Test
@ @Z@pby
[1-sample sign test]
:
. 1-sample
)(
) (
. 1-sample t-tests
)M
.( Median
"
(1
.1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test
269
(2
(3

@ @ba@a
:[3] br

:(
98
: (5)
:(4)
:(3)
:(2)
: (1)
(5)
:la
. 1-sample Wilcoxon
: paa
:bya@a
: (H0)

. (5)
270

a@pabjna
.(5)
: (H 1 )
H0 : M = 5
H1 : M 5
paa
:
Nonparametrics

(1
Stat
1-sample Wilcoxon
271
(2

@ @ba@a

1
3
C1
(3
OK
:aa@bg
272

a@pabjna

P.Value
Wilcoxon
Statistic
Median
0.004
11
( 0.4
) 0.004
P.Value
(2)
.(5)
:[4] br
:
H0 : M 4
:iba@bra@
H1 : M < 4
. 95
:paa
Nonparametrics
Stat
1-sample Wilcoxon
273
(1

@ @ba@a

1
3
C1
(2
OK
:aa@bg
274

a@pabjna

P.Value
Wilcoxon
Statistic
Median
0.015
11
1.5
0.015
P.Value
(5)
. (4)
@ @sbra@bjna
n b@bjna
Mann-Whitney Test
@ @Z pby
.[ 2-Sample
T ]
[ 2-Sample
.
:
275
(2
(1
(3

@ @ba@a
. 2 Sample Rank Test
()
( )
:[5] br
Alex Univ
Cairo Univ
:la
276

. 2 Sample Wilcoxon rank sum test

a@pabjna
Mann-Whitney

. 99
:bya@a
: (H 0 )
: (H 1 )
.
H 0 : M1 M 2 = 0
H1 : M 1 M 2 0
H 0 : M1 = M 2
H1 : M 1 M 2
: paa
:
277
(1

@ @ba@a

Nonparametrics
:
( 2
Stat
Mann-Whitney
:
278

a@pabjna
First
Cairo Univ
.Sample
Second
Alex Univ
. Sample
.(99)
: Confidence level
: Alternative
not equal
.
Session
()
( )
( )
()
Ok
(3
:z
(0.035)
: P.Value
279
(0.027)

@ @ba@a
P.Value
0.027
113
( 2.7
) 0.027
11
P.Value
(1)
:b@z
Mann-Whitney
2-Sample T
@ @iaa@bjna
@ @a@@M@b@bjna
Kruskal-Wallis Test
280

:aa@bg
:

a@pabjna
@ @Z pby
:
[2-Sample t]
.(
[One
Way ANOVA]
(1
)(
) (
(2
:[6] br
(A , B , C )
:
150
110
130
140
130
140
145
140
155
115
120
130
130
150
140
135
130
120
130
150
135
281

@ @ba@a
:la
1 .
)@bya@a@
):(H0
):(H1
(:
H : = =
H1:
2
:paa
(1
)(1
)(2
282
)(3

a@pabjna

Nonparametrics
:
Stat
Kruskal-Wallis
283
(2

@ @ba@a
:
. Samples
.Codes
: Response
: Factor
OK
:
(3
Session
2
3
:pbua@z@pb
:
.(N)
.(Median)
.(Ave Rank)
284
: a@a
: bra a

a@pabjna

.
.(21)
(Z)
(Overall N )
(Overall Average Rank )
. (11)
:
:
:(H)
.(2)
: P.Value
()
: (H adj)
.(2)
: DF
. (0.930)
:
: sbra a
: DF
. (0.932)
( H)
. ( 0.14)
. ( 0.15)
: P.Value
( )
Zb@pby
.(H adj)
.(H adj)
:
Tally
Tables
Stat
( 1
Individual Variables
285

@ @ba@a

(2
] .Variables
OK
Samples
Counts
(3
[.
). (H adj
286

a@pabjna
@ @aa@bg
P.Value
H
0.930
0.15
93
(3)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
11.4
10.3
11.3
0.930
P.Value
(1)
.
@ @ba@bjna
Mood's median test bjna
@ @Z pby
Kruskal-Wallis Test
2-Sample t
Way ANOVA
One
287
(1

@ @ba@a
(2
Kruskal-Wallis Test
Mood's median test
.Outliers
:
. sign scores test
(3)
. median test
(3
()
( )
(4
:[7] br
10
11
18
10
15
16
12
12
17
15
18
16
10
17
13
14
14
15
16
10
10
16
19
288

a@pabjna
Mood's
:(
median test
.(
.90
) bya@a
:la
:(H0)
:(H1)
.(
H : = =
0
:paa
(2)
(1)
. (3)
289
(1
H1:

@ @ba@a
Nonparametrics
:
Mood's median test
. Samples
: Response
.Codes
: Factor
()
( )
OK
Session
( 2
Stat
290
(3

a@pabjna

1
3
4
: pbua@b@pb
.
:
.(Chi-Square)
. (Df)
: (N<= ) -
: (N > ) -
.
: Median -
291
:
.
. P.Value

@ @ba@a
( Q3)
.[ (Q1)
. Overall Median
:aa@bg
:
0.913
P.Value
(10)
@ @ba@bjna
@ @b@bjna
Friedman test
292
Overall
Median
) 0.913
P.Value
( 91.3

.(
.(

a@pabjna
:[8] br
: 95
:bya@a
H 0 : M1 = M 2
H1 : M 1 M 2
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
:paa
293

@ @ba@a
(1

:pby
).(2
)(1
).(2
294
)(1

a@pabjna
Nonparametrics
Stat
Friedman
( 2
.Samples
.Codes
.Blocks
: Response
: Treatment
: Blocks
OK
:
295
Session
()
( )
( )
(3

@ @ba@a

P.Value
Grand Median
0.705
0.14
P.Value
( 70.5
:aa@ba
) 0.705
(5)
c@@pabjna
@ @iba@bjna
@ @@paa@bjna
Runs Test
296

a@pabjna
@ @Z pby
:[9] br
:bjna@a@ja@a@a@a@
.
297
: ( H0)
: ( H1)

@ @ba@a
:paa
Nonparametrics
Stat
( 1
Runs Test
C1
Variables
:z
: Runs
Test
298
Runs
Mean
.(
).

a@pabjna
(2
OK
Session
:wbna@m
P.Value
0.185
13.0769
:na
(18.5
) 0.185
P.Value
:z
299

@ @ba@a
P.Value
@ @bra@bjna
2
( ) bjna
@ @mb@i@na@a
2 Test
:2b bjna@ang@
. (5)
(1
30
20
(2
:[10] br
300

a@pabjna
(C)
(B)
(A)
11
10
14
12
20
25
15
:la
.5
:(
) :bjna@a@bya@a
: ( H0)
: ( H1)
: z
:[
:a@a
301

@ @ba@a
(1)
Cross
Tables
..... (2)
(1
Stat
( 2
302
paa
.Frequency

a@pabjna

:
. Education Level
. Political Party
. Frequency
:
: For rows
: For columns
: Frequencies are in
Chi-square
:
. Chi-Square Analysis
303
()
( )
( )
()
()

@ @ba@a
. Expected cell counts
OK
OK
( )
( )
Session
(3
2
3
:pbua@b@pb
: a@ a
:
.(
304

a@pabjna

.
. DF
.
: bra a
P.Value
:
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square
.(2 )
:sbra a
(5)
:wbna@m
P.Value
0.029
17.066
:na
(2.9
) 0.029
P.Value
:bra@a
305

@ @ba@a
:paa
:
Chi-
Tables
Square
Test
(Table
in Worksheet)
. Columns containing the table
306
( 2
Stat
Party A , Party B,
(1
.Party C

a@pabjna
) :
(3
ok
Session
.(
:pbua@b@@za@wbna@@pby
.
:
(3)
observed counts
.Expected counts
307
()
) (

@ @ba@a
Chi-Square contributions
) (
.[17.066=0.593+.............+2.055+0.548+0.021+3.309+2.124
:[11] br
308

a@pabjna

2
:la
. 5
:(
) :bjna@a@bya@a@
: ( H0)
: ( H1)
:paa
309
(1

@ @ba@a

Tables
Stat
( 2
Cross Tabulation and Chi-Square

:
310

a@pabjna
. Gender
: For rows
. Smoking
Chi-square
(3
Chi-square Analysis
Expected cell counts
OK
Session
311
:For columns
OK
()
( )
( )
(4

@ @ba@a

@ @bra@bjna
bjna
Fisher Test
mb i na a
:
(22)
:[12] br
312

a@pabjna
15
24
10
:la

.5
:(
.
) :bjna@a@bya@a@
: ( H0)
: ( H1)
paa
.Frequency
(1)
..... (2)
313
(1

@ @ba@a

Cross
Tables
( 2
:
.Gender
. Political Party
.Frequency
Stat
: For rows
:
For columns
: Frequencies are in
314
()
( )
( )

a@pabjna
Other Stats
Fisher's exact test for 2x2 tables
OK
OK
:
Session
315
(3
(4

@ @ba@a
:na
(
26.2
0.261872
:z

(2)
.[
316

P.Value
.
].

@ @bjma@
iba@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@

@@

318

bjma@
@bjma@
@ @Correlation Analysis
@@
i@bjma@b
(
(1-) , (1+)
()
:[1]
:
319
(+)
br

@ @iba@a
:la
. 5
.(
:z
:( H 1 ) ja a
:paa
:pbbja@bg
320

:( H 0 ) a a
.(
(1

bjma@
Basic Statistics
Stat
(2
Correlation
:bc@a@aa@ia@
Variables
( C1 , C2)
Display p-values
Session
321
()
( )
p-values
. OK
(3
(4

@ @iba@a
:na@wbna@m

p-value
bjma@b
0.996
.(0.996+)
P.value
Correlation Matrix
bjma@
:[2] br
:
322
la

bjma@

X4
X3
X2
X1
24
10
30
12
18
35
20
10
45
15
14
20
16
12
33
11
17
11
30
14
11
15
36
25
10
18
25
16
15
20
30
14

:paa
:pbbja@bg
323
(1

@ @iba@a
Basic Statistics
Stat
(2
Correlation
Variables
.
.
( C1 , C2 , C3 , C4)
Display p-values
Session
324

:bc@a@aa@ia@
. OK
(3
(4

bjma@

P.Value
:wbna@m
P.Value
@b@
@ @pana
@ @bjma
0.117
0.560
(X2) (X1)
0.956
- 0.022
(X3) (X1)
0.742
0.128
(X4) (X1)
0.078
- 0.615
(X3) (X2)
0.697
0.152
(X4) (X2)
0.507
- 0.255
(X4) (X3)
:na
5
P.Value
325

@ @iba@a

326

aa@
bra@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@

@@

328

aa@

@ @a@aa@@
@Regression Analysis
(
. Simple
Regression Models i@ag@xb
. Multiple Regression Models n@ag@xb
()
( )
ja@a@aa@xb :a@a
(Y)
(X )
Y = B0 + B1 X
na@a@aa@xb :bra@a
(Y)
(Xs)
Y = B0 + B1X1 + B2 X2 + B3 X3 +..........
..+ Bk Xk

329
: (k)

@ @bra@a
:ag@x@m@pa
:@@Z@ c
(1
@@a@a@ba@@aa@pb@@pabg@ H@ cI@ bma
:aa@@ba
:c@ b@ y
:x@na@a@Hb@cI@j (2
330

aa@
40 30
60
@ @Zba@a@Z@bbq
:
(1
:aa@x@a@a
) ( ].[F- test
331

@ @bra@a
:
.(
(2
.[(T - test)]
(3
.aa@x@b@m@@na@a@@am@
.OLS
:Normality Test aj@bnya@na@ang
( )
( )
.( 1 )
30
:aj@maa@na
1
Palta, Mari, (2003)," Quantitative Methods in population health:

Extensions of ordinary regression", Wiley IEEE, p 6.
332

:x@a@a

aa@
(F) (T)
(R2)
.
Homoscedasticity Hbjna@pbjq@bjngI@aja@b@bjna
biased
.(1)
Multicollinearity na@pana@i@@xag@u@
.(2)
Berk, Richard A., (2003)," Regression analysis: a constructive critique", Sage

publications Inc., p 144.
2
Makridakis, Spyros, (1998), " Forecasting: methods & applications", 3 rd

Edition, John Wiley & sons Inc., p 288.
333

@ @bra@a
. (0.7) (0.7+)
Variance
Zbra@ a
inflation factor (VIF)
(5)
:iba@a@jm@@a@rbi@|
334
@Z
@ a@a
:[1] br

aa@

:la
. 5
:paa
Worksheet
:pbbja@ bg
(1
Regression
335
Stat
Regression
(2

@ @bra@a

(3
@ @@@Z@bc@a@aa@ia@
Consumption
. Response
.Predictors
Income
336
()
( )

aa@
Storage
( )
@ @Z@aa@ia@a@
] Residuals
.[
OK
()
( )
:z
Worksheet
RESI1
(Residuals)
337

@ @bra@a

(4
338
.
Options

aa@

@ @Z@aa@ia@a@
()
Durbin-Watson statistic
. [Residuals
Graphs
339
( )
OK
(5

@ @bra@a
@ @Z@aa@ia@a@
()
]Residuals versus fits

.[

OK
Session
340
(6

( )
OK

aa@
:bna@aua@@pbua@b@nm@Zpbua@b@pb
:a@ a
(regression
equation)
Consumption = 20.1 + 0.778 Income
:
. (20.1)
.(0.778)
:
.(
: ( 1 )
:T ( )
:P ( )
Estimated Standard
( )
:Coef ( )
P.Value
)(
:bra@a
) (
:SE Coef ( )
.[(
: ( 0 )
:sbra@a
: S ()
Deviation of the Error
(MSE)
.(
.
.
341
: R-Sq
: R-Sq (adj)
()
()

@ @bra@a
Analysis
of Variance
: iaa@a
:
.
.
.
:SS
:MS
) (
P.Value
:F
:P
(5)
()
:ba@a
Outliers
(2)
2.17
(2+)
.Outliers
()
( )
( )
()
()
Durbin-Watson
:ba a

:z
342

:DF
:Source

aa@
:m@@a@aa@x@y@@a
Na@@Z@c
:@aa@pb@@pabg@H@cI@bmg
.(
Consumption
(1
)(
( )
20.1 + 0.778 Income
: b@z
343
:@x@na@a
(2

@ @bra@a
R-Sq
R-Sq (adj)
@ @Zna@
99.1
0.9)
99.1
Nba@a@Z@bbq
: x@a@a
.
.
.(
: ( H0 )
: ( H1 )
:( H 0 )
@ @Ze@i@a
.(
(1
@ @Zbya@a@
:( H 1 )
)
@ @Zb@na@wbna@m
344

aa@

ANOVA
P.
Value

Source
F cal
MS
SS
DF
0.0000
1781.03
227385
227385
128
1915
15
229300
16
P.value
@ @Zna
.5
(2
:x@a@a
345
@ @Za

@ @bra@a
. [T - test ] ( )
:aa
@ @Zbya@a@
0
=0
H :B
H :B
:( B0 )
:( B1 )
H :B =0
H :B 0
0
@ @Zb@na@wbna@m
P. Value
( )
0.008
3.40
20.088
0.000
42.20
0.77829
0.008
P.value
@ @Zna
( B 0 )
346

aa@

0.000
( B1 )
P.value
5
.
( B1 )
:ba@a@pbia@
Normality Test
(3
@aj@bnya@na@ang@Z@a@a
@ @Zbya@a
: (H0)
: (H1)
@ @Zaj@bnya@na@ang@bjng@pa
Basic Statistics
Stat
Normality Test
347
()

@ @bra@a
( )

:
. Variable
RESI1
Minitab
Output
Tests for Normality
()
( )
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
.OK
348
( )

aa@

Probability Plot of RESI1

Normal
99
Mean
StDev
N
KS
P-Value
95
90
-1.07835E-13
10.94
17
0.120
>0.150
Percent
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
-30
-20
-10
0
RESI1
10
20
30
Zna@wbna@m
P. value
0.15
Ks
17
0.120
:na@
:
0.15
P.value
@Zaj@maa@na@Z@bra@a
349

@ @bra@a
@ @Zbya@a
.(
.(
: (H 0 )
: (H 1 )
@ @Za@ac
Watson Test
Durbin
@ @Zbjna@m@pa
: (DW)
(6)
:a@a
.(2.54990)
Durbin
:bra@a
:(Watson
Durbin
Watson
.(du)
( dL)
:rbra@a
(1
.(4-dL<DW<4 )
.(0<DW<dL)
350

aa@
(2
.(2<DW<4-du)
.(du<DW<2)
.(4-du<DW<4-dL) :
.(dL<DW<du)
: c@b
1.45761
DW
. ( Session
Durbin
1.36
) 1=
) 15 =
du
] (Watson
.[ 5
. du<DW<2
:aa@@q@
)
[
351
.(

@ @bra@a
@ @ZHbjna@pbjq@bjnaI@aja@b@bjna@Z@sbra@a@
Residuals Versus the Fitted Values

(response is Consumption)
30
Residual
20
10
-10
-20
200
300
Fitted Value
: c@b@y
500
400
]
.
:bja@ @
: [2] br
:
352

100

aa@

:la
. 5
:paa
Regression
353
Stat
Regression
(1

@ @bra@a

:
. Response
( X1
, X2 , X3)
( Y)
()
( )
. Predictors

(2
Storage
:
. Residuals
354
()

aa@

.
Worksheet
. RESI1
Options
( )
OK
:z
(Residuals)
()
( )
. Durbin-Watson statistic
Variance Inflation factors
Graphs
OK
355
( )
(3
(4

@ @bra@a

. Residuals versus fits
OK
356
OK
Session
()
( )
(5

aa@
:m@@a@aa@x@y@@a
@ @Za@a@Z@c
: aa@pb@@pabg@H@cI@bmg
R-Sq (adj)
62.3
: x@na@a
(2
(X1 ,X2, X3 )
( 37.7)
(Y )
(1
62.3
Nba@a@Z@bbq
: x@a@a@
.
@ @Zbya@a@
.(
(1
: ( H0 )
: ( H1 )
: ( H0 )
357
@ @Ze@i@a

@ @bra@a
: ( H1 )
.(
P. Value
Source
F cal
MS
SS
DF
0.0000
19.18
8.4914
25.4742
0.4428
13.2834
30
38.7576
33
P.value
=0
H :B
H :B
358
:x@a@a
:( B0 )
@ @Zna

@ @Zb@na@wbna@m
ANOVA
(2
@ @Zbya@a@

aa@

:( B1 )
0
=0
H :B
H :B
( B2 , B3 )
( )
12.79
6.5938
0.255
1.16
0.3232
0.000
7.09
1.8757
0.611
0.51
0.03675
P.value
0.000
( B2 )
B
B
B
B
P.value
( B 0 )
@ @Zna
0.0000
( B1 )
@ @Zb@na@wbna@m
P. Value
( B3 )
359

@ @bra@a
:Normality Test aj@bnya@na@ang@Z@a@a
@ @Zbya@a
: (H0)
: (H1)
@ @Zaj@bnya@na@ang@bjng@pa@
Basic Statistics
. Variable
Stat
Normality Test
RESI1
Tests for Normality
(3
.ba@a@pbia@
360
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
()

aa@
Output
OK
:
( )
Probability Plot of RESI1

Normal
99
Mean
StDev
N
KS
P-Value
95
90
-1.95922E-16
0.6345
34
0.116
>0.150
Percent
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
RESI1
0.5
1.0
P. value
0.15
0.116
@ @Zna@
0.15
Ks
34
Zna@wbna@m
1.5
361
P.value

@ @bra@a
@Zaj@maa@na@Z@bra@a
:(H0)
.(
@ @Zbya@a
:(H1)
.(
)
@ @@Zc@@bya@zna@wbn@@@b@y
1.69502
. ( Session
Durbin
) 1.65
DW
)3
)
du
] ( Watson
.[ 5
(30
. du<DW<2
.(
@ @ZHbjna@pbjq@bjngI@aja@b@bjng@Z@sbra@a
362

aa@

Residuals Versus the Fitted Values

(response is y)
1.5
Residual
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
4
Fitted Value
(
]
@ @ZH@na@I@na@pana@i@a@xaa@@@Z@iaa@a
Correlation Matrix
bjma@: c
:paa
Basic Statistics
363
Stat
Correlation
(1

@ @bra@a

:
Variables
( X1 ,X2, X3)
364
OK
(2

aa@
) 0.050
(X1 ,X2)
0.778
(0.7+
P.value
(X1, X3)
0.078
0.660
P.value
.
0.229
(X2,
X3)
0.192
P.value
:j@b@|n
(0.7)
: (VIF) bjna@nm@b@anhiZ@bbq
(5)
Session
365

@ @bra@a
X1
1.1
X2
1.1
X3
366

VIF
: z

a@a@
bna@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@

368

a@a@
@ @a@a@
Time series Analysis
:bna@kaa@m@n@@a@a@
Time Series Plots
Trend Analysis
. .........
()
: @@@rc@u@by@@ (2
( )
) (
)(
(4
: ya@@@by@ (1
bbi@a@a@z : c
Time Series Plots
Double Exponential Smoothing
(3
Single Exponential Smoothing
(2
Moving Average
(1
369

@ @bna@a
: (1) br
:la
.
.
()
( )
15
1995
17
1996
10
1997
20
1998
24
1999
35
2000
38
2001
45
2002
49
2003
52
2004
60
2005
66
2006
: paa
:
370
(1

a@a@

Time
Time Series
Series Plot
:
371
(2
Stat

@ @bna@a
Simple
)(
) (
Sales
. Series
Time/Scale
Year
1995
]
[
372

a@a@
. OK
OK
(3
(4
Time Series Plot of Sales

70
60
Sales
50
40
30
20
10
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000 2001
Year
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
:(2) br
1991
1998
2004
: la
:
373

@ @bna@a
1991
950
1992
980
1993
920
1994
880
1995
840
1996
810
1997
830
1998
750
1999
860
2000
1100
2001
1300
2002
1500
2003
1550
2004
1600
: paa
(1
(.
)(2
374
)(1

a@a@

Time Series
Stat
Time Series Plot
375
(2

@ @bna@a

:
:
. Series
Categorical
Sales

Codes
.variables for grouping
Time/Scale
()
( )
376

With Groups
(3

a@a@

Year
1991
] [
(4
OK
(5
. OK
Time Series Plot of Sales

Codes
1
2
1600
1500
1400
1300
1100
1000
900
800
700
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
377
Sales
1200

@ @bna@a

(1999
:(3) br
1990
2003
1990
22
10
1991
24
12
1992
30
1993
25
20
1994
40
28
1995
42
24
1996
39
30
1997
45
40
1998
52
45
1999
40
50
2000
36
42
2001
32
40
2002
32
46
2003
40
55
378
: la

a@a@

:paa
Time Series
Stat
(1
Time Series Plot
379
(2

@ @bna@a
Multiple
) (
Male
(3
Female
Time/Scale
. Series
Year
1990
] [
(4
OK
380
. OK

a@a@

:
(5

Time Series Plot of Male; Female

60
Variable
Male
Female
50
Data
40
30
20
10
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
1998
1999
Trend Analysis
ba@ba@@Z@bbq
Minitab
linear trend model

quadratic trend model
exponential growth trend model
S-curve trend model
381
1990
)(
) (
) (
()

@ @bna@a
: kba@xa@@m
:a@ja
:bra@ja
:(4) br

. 2006
1998
:la
382

a@a@
30
1998
25
1999
22
2000
16
2001
24
2002
32
2003
36
2004
45
2005
52
2006
@@
Linear Trend Model @x@m

Yt = B0 + B1 t
:paa
:
383
(1

@ @bna@a

Trend
Time Series
Analysis
:
Sales
: Variable
384
( 2
Stat
()

a@a@

Model
Linear
.Type
( )
(3)
( )
Generate forecasts
Number of
forecasts
(3
Time
:
. Year
] 1998
Calendar
: Start value
.[
OK
OK
()
( )
:bi@
385
(4

@ @bna@a
. Actual
.[
........ (2)
:Fits
)(
) (
(1999)
( 1)
. Forecasts
) (
Trend Analysis Plot for Sales

Linear Trend Model
Yt = 15.3333 + 3.2*t
55
Variable
A ctual
Fits
Forecasts
50
45
A ccuracy Measures
MAPE
23.1009
MAD
5.9259
MSD
48.8444
Sales
40
35
30
25
20
15
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
: Session b@@pbua

(4)
386

(1998)

a@a@

:
. (9)
(
: a a
. Sales
Length
NMissing
: bra a
Yt = 15.3333 + 3.2*t
Mean Absolute Percentage Error
387
: sbra a
(MAPE)
()

@ @bna@a
MAPE
yt y t
yt
t =1

:
.Actual
.Fits
MEA =
1
n
t =1
t =1
(MSD)
yt
:n
) (
yt y t
Mean Squared Deviation
1
MSD =
n
(MAD)
: yt
.
Mean Absolute Deviation
( )
yt y t
:z
[S
.(MSD)
Curve
: Forecasts iaa a
.
Quadratic Trend Model im@x@m
388

1
=
n

a@a@

:
Yt = B0 + B1t + B2t 2
: paa
Time Series
Stat
) Sales
Trend Analysis
:
.(
: Variable
Quadratic
.Model Type
(3)
Generate forecasts
(1
()
( )
( )
Number of forecasts
.(
:
)
Time
389
(2

@ @bna@a

]
:
OK
[ quadratic trend model
: bja a
(3

Quadratic Trend Model
Yt = 35.6905 - 7.90390*t + 1.11039*t**2
Variable
A ctual
Fits
Forecasts
100
90
80
Accuracy
MA PE
MA D
MSD
Sales
70
60
Measures
7.39327
1.85291
6.64964
50
40
30
20
10
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Session
390
pbua b

a@a@

Exponential Growth Trend Model
:
Yt = B0 . B1
c@x@m
: paa
Time Series
391
Stat
( 1
Trend Analysis

@ @bna@a

:
.(
) Sales
.Model Type
(3)
Time
392
( )
( )
forecasts
.(
:
Generate forecasts
Number of
()
: Variable
Exponential growth
(2

a@a@

]
:
OK
[exponential growth trend model
(3
: bja a

Growth Curve Model
Yt = 18.4543 * (1.09859**t)
60
Variable
Actual
Fits
Forecasts
50
A ccuracy Measures
MAPE
19.8055
MAD
5.2184
MSD
41.3710
Sales
40
30
20
10
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Session
393
pbua b

@ @bna@a

Trend Analysis for Sales

Data
Length
NMissing
Sales
9
0
Fitted Trend Equation

Yt = 18.4543 * (1.09859**t)
Accuracy Measures
MAPE
MAD
MSD
19.8055
5.2184
41.3710
Forecasts
Period
2007
2008
2009
Forecast
47.2557
51.9146
57.0329
:x c bng
(MSD)
48.8444
Yt = 15.3333 + (3.2*t)
6.64964
Yt = (35.6905) (7.90390*t) +
(1.11039*t2)
41.3710
Yt = 18.4543 (1.09859)
:
394

a@a@
. MSD
Forecasts
Period
Forecast
2007
2008
2009
67.690
83.105
100.740
Session
Graphs
395
(1

@ @bna@a

Moving Average
(2
. OK
zna@pbna@Zbrbq
:(5) br
:la
(4)
396
2007

a@a@

2004
2005
2006
20
25
18
30
25
14
10
22
36
28
15
27
@ @Z@paa
(1
397

@ @bna@a

Time Series
Moving Average
:
. Sales
: Variable
398
Stat
()
(2

a@a@
. (4)
Number of
( )
( )
: MA Length
Generate forecasts
(2)
.
:
forecasts
Time
(3
Ok
(4
OK
399

@ @bna@a
50
Variable
A ctual
Fits
Forecasts
95.0% PI
40
Mov ing A v erage

Length 4
Sales
30
A ccuracy Measures
MA PE
44.2111
MA D
7.8438
MSD
91.2266
20
10
1
2
1
3
2
4
4
2
3
3
1
4
00 000 000 000 001 001 001 001 002 002 002 002
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
: Session
Moving Average for Sales
Data
Length
NMissing
Sales
12
0
Moving Average
Length 4
Accuracy Measures
MAPE 44.2111
MAD
7.8438
MSD
91.2266
Forecasts
Period
Forecast
13
26.5
14
26.5
:
Forecast
Lower
7.77987
7.77987
Upper
45.2201
45.2201
400
: pby

Moving Average Plot for Sales
Quarter
Year
(1

a@a@
a@na@@Zbia
Ft +1 = Ft + (Yt Ft )
a a@na@
.(
401
Upper
Exponential Smoothing
Lower
. 95
(2

@ @bna@a
(1
(2
(3
Ft = Yt + (1 )Ft 1
:(6) br

1995
(.
) (
: 2006
:la
402

a@a@
:paa
:
Single
Time Series
Stat
Exp Smoothing
403
(1
(2

@ @bna@a
:
. Deposits
( )
Number of
.
:
Use
Generate forecasts
: Variable
.(0.8)
(1)
Time
()
( )
( )
(3
Ok
(4
: bja a
404

forecasts

a@a@

Single Exponential Smoothing Plot for Deposits

1700
Variable
Actual
Fits
Forecasts
95.0% PI
1600
1500
Smoothing C onstant
Alpha 0.8
1400
Deposits
A ccuracy Measures
MA PE
13.4
MA D
159.4
MSD
38868.1
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Years
Session
:
. 1216.56
2007
405
pbua b
)(

@ @bna@a
826.147
( )
. 1606.96
Double Exponential Smoothing
ua a na
.
] weights
Level
.(2) (
2]
Trend
(2
: [ smoothing parameters
(1
(7) br
0.2
la:
= 0.8 = :

:paa
Time Series
Stat
Double Exp Smoothing
406
(1

a@a@

:
. Deposits
(0.8)
Number of
(3
Use
(4
For Trend
Generate forecasts
: Variable
For Level
. (0.2)
.
(1)
Time
407
(5
forecasts
(2

@ @bna@a
: bja a
Double Exponential Smoothing Plot for Deposits

Variable
A ctual
Fits
Forecasts
95.0% PI
1600
1500
Smoothing C onstants
A lpha (lev el)
0.8
Gamma (trend)
0.2
Deposits
1400
1300
A ccuracy Measures
MA PE
14.7
MA D
175.0
MSD
45108.4
1200
1100
1000
900
800
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Years
:Session pbua b
408
(3
Ok
1700

a@a@

)(
) (
. 1220.00
2007
791.202
.1648.80
38868.1
(2
MSD
(1
409
45108.4

@ @bna@a

410

@ @pba
ba@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@

412

pba
@ @pba

Matrices
:
.
(1
.Transpose
.Invert
.Eigen Analysis
(2
(3
(4
.Diagonal
(5
(6
:pbbja@bg@Z@c
:[1] br
:
2 5 6
A = 3 2 7
1 3 4
1 3 0
B = 2 5 4
4 1 8
413

@ @ba@a

3
C = 0
5
2
7
2
D = 1
4
5
3
0
10
6
0
:paa
:
Worksheet
(1
:
.
Columns
Copy
:
Data
( 2
to Matrix
414

pba

:
2
(3
(4
.ok
415
).(A

@ @ba@a
: Session pbu@b@@@wba@bn@a@pba@
: paa
Display Data
( 1
Data
:
)

(
Ok
:
416

(2

pba

:a@Lca@pbvna
:[2 ] br
:
Vector1 = [2 1 4]
5
0
Vector 2 =
7

3
:paa
:
Worksheet
417
(1

@ @ba@a

(2
Vector1 = [2 1 4] a@vn@jbi
Data
Columns to Matrix
Copy
: z
) (Vector 1
418

Vector

pba

Ok
Vector1
. OK
5
0
Vector 2 = ca@@vn@ja@bc
7

3
Copy
Data
Columns to Matrix
419
(3

@ @ba@a

. OK
:paa
(1
Data

420
Data
Display

pba

]
[

(2
. Ok
:pba@@a@pba@Z@bbq
o
421

@ @ba@a
()
( )
: [3]
br
: (1)
A+B
()
A+B+C
( )
A-B
( )
(A+B) - C
()
: paa
[A + B ] bg ( )
Arithmetic
Matrices
( 1
Calc
:
422

pba

)(A
)(B

)(M7
(2
. Ok
423

@ @ba@a

(M7
Session
(1
Data
Display Data

)
(
(2
(3
.Ok
424

pba

[A + B + C@] bg (
(C)
] (B)
(M7)
(A)
[(M7)
:
(A+B+C)
:paa
Arithmetic
Matrices
425
Calc

( 1

@ @ba@a
(2
OK
)(M8
). (A+B+C
(1
)(M8
Data
(2
Session
Display Data
)
(

Ok
426

pba

( [ A B ] bg
paa
(1
Calc
Arithmetic
Matrices
)(A
)(B

)(M9
(2
. OK
427

@ @ba@a

)] (M9
[Session
(1
Data
Display Data
(2
. Ok
428

pba
[(A+B) - C ] bg (
]
: [4]
()
.[ D A]
.[ C2 ]
br
:
.[ A 5]
( )
[C]
( )
[A 5] l by
()
: paa
429

@ @ba@a
(1
Calc
Matrices
Arithmetic
)(A

)(M11
(2
. OK
) (M11
:
Session
(1
Data
Display Data
430

pba

)
(

(2
. OK
) (
[D A] l by
) (A
)[ (D
: paa
(1
Calc
Matrices
:
431
Arithmetic

@ @ba@a

(2
. OK
)] (M12
Session
(1

Data
Display Data

)
(

432

pba
OK
(3
:(C) a i bg ( )
)
.(
: paa
Arithmetic
Matrices
433
Calc

( 1

@ @ba@a
( ]M13)
:
Display Data
Session
( 1
Data
. OK
434

(2
. OK
(2

pba

Transpose
ja@a@bg@Z@@brbq
[5] br
.[D]
Transpose
:paa
Transpose
Matrices
435
Calc
(1

@ @ba@a

) (
(2
. OK
Session
(1

Data
)] (M14
Display Data
436

pba
(2
. OK
Invert a@l@bg@Z@bia
@ @Z a@a@[]
:
]
)(
.[
(2
(3
(4
437
(1
(5

@ @ba@a
.(
:Minitab a@wbi@anhi@a@l@bg []
:[6] br
.[B]
:paa
. Invert
Matrices
438
Calc

.(
(1

pba
) (
)

(B
(2
. OK
)] (M15
:
Session
(1
Data
Display Data
439

@ @ba@a
(B)
. OK
(2
(M15)
: paa
Arithmetic
Matrices
. OK
440
( 1
Calc
(2

pba
( ]M16)
:
Session
: paa
Display Data
( 1
Data
:
OK
441
(2

@ @ba@a
Diagonal a@a@Z@bb
(
:
2 0 0
M = 0 5 0
0 0 9
Minitab
:
[6
4]
: [7]
br
]
@ @Zpaa
Worksheet
442

(1

pba

Copy
:
( 2
Data
Columns to Matrix
:
Copy from
( C1)
.columns
In current worksheet , in matrix
. Diagonal
443
()
( )

@ @ba@a
( )
Name the matrix containing
the copied data
. Ok
Matrices
Calc
. Diagonal
444

(4

(3

pba

. Ok
(Diagonal)
Display Data
Session
( 1
Data
:
. Ok
:
445

(5
(2

@ @ba@a
[8] br
:
7
M 100 = 0
5
10
6
3
0
2
7
:la
(3
.[
] Worksheet
:paa
Matrices
:
(C4)
:
Diagonal
Ok
(M100)
446
( 1
Calc
(2

pba

Eigen Analysis a@@Zbb

. squared matrix
eigenvalues
[9] br
( )
eigenvalues
1 2
R=
2 0
:a a []
:[ I
( )]
(1
1 0
0 1
[I ] =
0
=
: [ R]
447
(2

@ @ba@a
1 2 0

R I =
2 0 0
1 2
=
2
( =
R I
(3
= [(1 )( )] (4 ) = 0
= 2 4 = 0
Minitab
(4
2.56155
1.56155
g wbi anbi a []
:paa
:

= R I = 0
=
Worksheet
448
(1

pba

:
Data
Columns
to Matrix
Copy
:
. Ok
Eigen
Matrices
:
449
(2
(3
( 4
Calc
Analysis

@ @ba@a
. Ok
Eigenvalues
450
] C3
(5

ba@a
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@@
@ @na@u@pabjna@bba
@ @bnya@pbn@

452

bnya@pbn@na@u@pabjng@bba
: Simulation aa@pbbja@m@bba@Z@c
.
(24)
(Minitab)
Continuous Distributions na@bnya@pbna
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
Weibull distribution.
Uniform distribution.
Triangular distribution.
t distribution.
Smallest extreme value distribution.
Normal distribution.
Multivariate normal distribution.
Lognormal distribution.
Loglogistic distribution.
Logistic distribution.
Largest extreme value distribution.
Laplace distribution.
Gamma distribution.
F distribution.
Exponential distribution.
Chi-square distribution.
Cauchy distribution.
Beta distribution.
:Discrete Distributions a@bnya@pbna
453

@ @@ba@a
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
Bernoulli distribution.
Binomial distribution.
Discrete distribution.
Hypergeometric distribution.
Integer distribution.
Poisson distribution.
:[1] br
(20)
Normal distribution
. (2.5)
(12)
: paa
Random Data
:
454
(1
Calc
Normal

()
:Generate
.(20)
.(C1)
.(12)
( )
:Store in column(s)
( )
()
: Mean
Standard deviation
.(2.5)
(C1)
:
455
OK
(2

@ @@ba@a
:b z
( )
.=1 =0
()
Cauchy distribution
a=0
Exponential distribution
b=1 =0
Laplace distribution
a=0
Largest extreme value

distribution
=0 =1
Logistic distribution
a=0 b=1
Loglogistic distribution
= 0 , b = 1,
Lognormal distribution
Normal distribution
= 0, = 1, = 0
=0 =1
Smallest extreme value

distribution
= 0, = 1
Uniform distribution
a=0 b=1
Weibull distribution
=0
b=1
b=1
=0
:[2] br
456

Minitab

(15)
.(5)
Poisson distribution
(3)

:paa
Random Data
Poisson
in column(s)
) (C1-C3)
.(
. (5)
. (709
: Generate
:Store
: Mean
)
457
(3
Calc
.(15) (
()
( )
( )

@ @@ba@a
(C1,
:
C2, C3)
Goodness-of-Fit Tests
:na@u@pabjnhi@
. (........)
. (........)
na@u@bjngZ@bbq
(4
OK
:na u pabjn ba a
458
: ( H0 )
: ( H1 )

:wba@@ana@pbna
(14)
Minitab
: (*)
Normal distribution
Lognormal distribution
3-parameter
(2
(3
lognormal distribution
Gamma distribution
3-parameter
distribution
Exponential distribution
2-parameter
(4
(5
gamma
(1
exponential
(6
(7
distribution
Smallest extreme value distribution
(8
Largest extreme value distribution
(9
(10
Weibull distribution
(11
3-parameter Weibull distribution

Logistic distribution
3-parameter
( 12
( 13
(14
- *
. .....
459

@ @@ba@a
: na@bjna@g
Minitab
: [3] br
:la
Gamma
. 99
distribution
:bya@a
.
.
460

. Anderson-Darling Statistics
:
: ( H0 )
: ( H1 )

:bjna@m@pa
Quality Tools
( 1
Stat
Individual Distribution Identification
:
461
(2

@ @@ba@a
.Single
column
C1
. Specify
.Gamma
Distribution 3
Distribution 1
Distribution 2
Distribution 4
Options
.(99)
: Confidence levels
.
Results
462
()
( )
) (
()
OK
(3
()
( )
(4

.estimates
( )
( )
OK
)(
Distribution parameter
Descriptive statistics
Goodness of fit tests
()
(5
OK
: @@bjna@a@pbu@nm
:
Session
:a a
Anderson-Darling

Parameters
463

@ @@ba@a
.[
:bra a
Probability Plot for C1

G oodness of F it Test
Gamma - 99% CI
G amma
A D = 0.292
P -V alue > 0.250
99
95
Percent
80
50
[ ]
20
9 10
15
20
C1
30
40
50
60 70
: na wbna m
P.Value
0.250
( 25
) 0.250
AD
0.292
P.Value
1]
[
.99
464

Minitab دكتور أسامة ربيع التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات باستخدام برنامج

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Minitab دكتور أسامة ربيع التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات باستخدام برنامج

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@ @@lbna@a

1-sample sign Test

Mood's median test

quadratic trend model

2*3$ # &4"/01,$-. ()*+'&0020109787442 $%

: Standard Tool bar

Current Date/Time Formats

@@rc@bg :ba @ba

wbi@a@Minitab wbi@ Worksheet a@@m

Minitab@wbi@a@Excel@ wbi@@@ang@: ba@ba

All Salaries are in US Dollars

All Salaries are in US

My New Book For Minitab

@ @Split Worksheet@ a@@ : ba@ba

Display Descriptive Statistics

.( Variance Standard deviation

: Word @ Session pbua@b@y :bbq

Save Session Window As

]Rich Text Format [*.RTF

Display Descriptive Statistics

Tabulation and Chi-Square

Gender For rows

and Fill Line

.Values from a table

Categorical variables for grouping

Chart of C1 vs Rows; Columns

Categorical variables for grouping

Chart of C1 vs Columns; Rows

.Values from a table

Categorical variables for grouping

Chart of C1 vs Rows; Columns

Categorical variables for grouping

Chart of C1 vs Columns; Rows

Pie Chart Options

Pie Chart of Number vs Grades

. Non Parametric Tests

. Central Limit Theorem

One Sample T Test

One Way ANOVA

:bnya@ na@ ang@ bjng@ by@ @ bya@ a@

Tests for Normality

" P. Value "@@bnya

.Samples in different columns

. Test of Statistical Hypothesis

Use test and interval based on

Use test and interval based

Parametric Tests a@pabjna@ac

.One Way ANOVA

. Two Way ANOVA

.[standard deviation = 2.4

:[ ] a n [P. Value] i a :a@a

: Confidence Interval ra@@@ :bra@a

:[ ] a@n@[ P. Value ] i@a@@ : c

[P. Value ] i@a@@ : c

: Confidence Interval ra@@@

: Confidence Interval ra@@@@@Z bbq

:[ ] a@n [P. Value ]@i@a@@@: c

: Confidence Interval ra@@@

:[ ] a@n@ [P. Value

. Assume equal variances

Assume equal variances

Estimate for difference

90% CI for difference

23$ # &4"/01,$-. ()+'&0020109787442 $%