Doppler Effect

Resting sound source

f s fo
Frequency fs

V=340m/s

Frequency fo

source at rest

observer at rest

Sound source moving toward observer

fo f s
Observer hears increased pitch (shorter wave length) Frequency fo Frequency fs

source

observer at rest

Sound source moving away from observer

fo f s
Observer hears decreased pitch (longer wave length) Frequency fo Frequency fs

observer at rest

source

Frequency heard by observer

Source moving toward observer. Perceived wavelength: o s With v s f s o f o

vs vs s fs

v v vs fo f s f s

Observer:

v fo fs v vs

Observed frequency
Source toward observer:
Increased frequency

v fo fs v vs

Source away from observer:

Decreased frequency

v fo fs v vs