Đồ án môn học

n
Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm
LI M U
Bia l mt loi ung gii kht rt c a chung trn th gii cng nh ti Vit Nam. c sn xut t nguyn liu chnh l Malt i mch, hoa Houblon, Nc, Nm men, nguyn liu thay th khc. N c hng v ngt nh c trng cho malt, hng thm v v ng d chu ca hoa houblon, v vy m ngi ta rt d dng phn bit n vi cac loai ung khc. Vi lp bt mn bia c tc dng gii kht rt nhanh. Trong bia c cha nhiu cht dinh dng nh protein, vitamin, cht khong....v rt tt cho h tiu ha, gip cho c th khe mnh nu liu dng thch hp.
Vi nhng c tnh ca mnh, bia tr thnh mt loi ung hp dn v c a chung. Trn th gii sn lng bia ngy cng tng phc v nhu cu ca khch hng. Vit Nam l nc nhit i nng m, bia l loi ung rt ph hp. Vi dn s ng v nhu cu ngy cng tng, nc ta tr thnh mt th trng y ha hn cho sn phm bia. Trong nhng nm gn y ngnh cng nghip sn xut bia Vit Nam c nhng bc chuyn mnh m. Nhiu nh my bia c thnh lp vi cng sut hng chc triu lt/nm, vi vic p dng khoa hc k thut tin tin vo sn xut lm cho nng sut cng nh cht lng ca bia ngy cng c nng cao, nhng vn cha p ng ht nhu cu ca th trng c v cht lng cng nh s lng. Xut pht t nhu cu thc t, mc tiu v li ch nn vic xy dng thm cc nh my bia vi thit b hin i cung cp cho ngi tiu dng mt loai bia c cht lng cao, gi ph hp l cn thit. Trong bn n ny em thit k nh my sn xut bia hi c nng sut 3 triu lt/nm.
Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh
Lp H Thc phm 2A
PHN I: LP LUN KINH T K THUT

1.1. Hin trng sn xut, tiu th bia trn th gii v Vit Nam Hin nay bia l mt loi ung rt c a chung trn th gii v sn lng tiu th ngy cng tng. cc nc pht trin nh c, M,...th rt pht trin, sn lng bia ca c t khong 9,5 t lt, M t khong 24 t lt/nm... Cng ngh sn xut bia cng nh sn phm bia ca cc nc ny thm nhp vo thm nhp vo th trng ca rt nhiu nc trn th gii trong c c Vit Nam. Mc tiu th bia bnh qun cc nc ny kh cao, v d nh M khong 81,6 lt/ngi/nm, c 115,8 lt/ngi/nm. cc nc Chu tuy hin ti c mc tiu th bia cha cao, trung bnh khong 20lt/ngi/nm, tr mt s nc nh c t 110 lt/ngi/nm, Nht Bn t 50 lt/ngi/nm, Hn Quc, Thi Lan t khong 40 lt/ngi/nm.... Nhng y l mt th trng ng dn c ha hn sn phm bia s tng nhanh vo cc nm sau y. V d nh Trung Quc, n tuy mc tiu th trung bnh cn thp nhng s dn li ng, sn lng cng gn bng sn lng bia ca c, M.. Ti Vit Nam bia mi ch xut hin t u th k 20, nhng l mt nc nm trong vng nhit i cn xch o to iu kin thun li ngnh cng nghip bia tn ti v ngy cng pht trin. T ban u ch c cc nh my bia nh l nh my bia H Ni v nh my bia Si Gn, hin nay cc nh my bia xut hin hu khp cc tnh trong c nc, sn lng ca cc nh my cng ngy cng tng. Hin ti, mc tiu th bia bnh qun u ngi ca Vit Nam l cha cao, mc tiu th bia bnh qun u ngi ny ch bng 1/2 so vi Hn Quc v bng 1/6-1/7 so vi Ireland, c, Sc. Tuy nhin vi mc thu nhp ca ngi dn tng ln, cng vi s thay i tp qun ung (chuyn t ung ru t nu sang ung bia) ca ngi dn nhiu vng nng thn th vo nm nay mc tiu th bia bnh qun u ngi ca Vit Nam c s tng ti 28 lt/nm v ha hn nhiu tim nng nghnh bia pht trin.
1.2. La chn a im xy dng nh my Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
a im c la chn cn p ng c yu cu sau - Ph hp vi qui hoch chung ca tnh, thnh ph. - Gn ngun cung cp nguyn liu v th trng tiu th sn phm. - m bo cc ngun in, nc, nhin liu. - Ngun nhn lc khng qu khan him. - Thun tin v mt giao thng. -V sinh mi trng v s l nc thi. Da vo nhng yu cu trn em chn a im xy dng l khu cng nghip Tin Sn, Tnh Bc Ninh. y l mt khu cng nghip mi c din tch rng v c nh nc rt quan tm, c nhiu tim nng pht trin kinh t x hi. Cc khu dn c v th ang c xy dng v m rng gn nh my. Vic xy dng nh my bia va gii quyt nhu cu ung ti ch, va em li cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng gp phn nng cao i sng x hi. Mt khc Tin Sn nm st quc l 1 v gn vi quc l 5, l hai tuyn giao thng quan trng, thun li trong vn chuyn nguyn liu v phn phi sn phm. Mng li in quc gia y cung cp cho c khu cng nghip rt n nh v thun li. Nhin liu dng cho l hi c th dng than . 1.3. Vng nguyn liu Nguyn liu chnh u tin sn xut bia l malt i c th nhp ngoi t c, an Mch, c... Hoa houblon nhp t M, c, Trung Quc... di dng cao hoa v hoa vin v cc kho, cng Hi Phng ri t vn chuyn v nh my rt thun tin. Nguyn liu thay th l go c th mua t cc tnh ln cn H Ty, Hng Yn, Hi Dng, Nam nh, Thi Bnh vi gi thnh hp l, cht lng m bo vn chuyn v nh my ch yu bng t. Nh my s dng mt phn nc t khu cng nghip. Trong nh my cn thit k mt h thng ly nc t ging khoan, tt c u phi qua x l lc, lng v lm mm nc ri mi dng cho sn xut v cc hot ng khc ca nh my.
Lp H Thc phm 2A
1.4. Vng tiu th sn phm Bia nh my sn xut ra cung cp mt phn cho tnh Bc Ninh. Phn cn li cung cp cho th H Ni v mt s tnh min bc. Sn phm c chit bock v vn chuyn bng t n cc i l tiu th chnh ca nh my. 1.5. Ngun cung cp in, nc, lnh Ngun in: S dng in li ca mng li in quc gia chy qua khu vc. Mng li in ny cung cp 24/24 gi trong ngy, nhng phng s c mng li, nh my b tr mt trm bin th v s dng thm my pht in d phng. Ngun nc: Mt phn dng nc ca khu cng nghip, nhng phn chnh nc c ly t h thng ging khoan ca nh my. Trong nh my nc c dng vo cc mc ch khc nhau: x l nguyn liu, nc nu nguyn liu, nc ra chai, nc v sinh thit b, v sinh nh my... Nc nu bia cn p ng y cc ch tiu cho cng ngh sn xut bia. Do nc phi i qua mt h thng x l ng k thut trc khi cp cho sn xut. Nh my cng cn t h thng lnh, h thng thu hi CO2 v cp kh nn ph hp vi cng sut ca nh my cp lnh cho hot ng sn xut ca nh my. H thng lnh c th s dng tc nhn lnh l NH3 hay Freon, cht ti lnh s dng glycol hay nc mui. 1.6. Ngun cung cp nhin liu Nhin liu s dng trong nh my l do ni hi cung cp phc v cho cc mc ch khc nhau nh nu nguyn liu, thanh trng... Nh my s dng nhin liu l than.
1.7. Ngun nhn lc a im xy dng nh my cch khng xa cc khu dn c, gn cc tuyn giao thng i ti cc vng th trung tm nh thnh ph Bc Ninh, thnh ph H Ni nn c ngun nhn lc di do. Cc cn b, k s c trnh t chc chuyn mn phi c o to trnh qun l, iu hnh. Cc cng nhn c th tuyn chn
Lp H Thc phm 2A
lao ng ph thng, hc ngh cc vng dn c xung quanh m bo c yu cu v ni , sinh hot. 1.8. Giao thng vn ti Nh my gn trc giao thng nn thun tin cho vn chuyn nguyn nhin vt liu n nh my, v vn chuyn sn phm phn phi cho cc i l, ca hng tiu th bng ng b. 1.9. V sinh mi trng, x l nc thi Bn cnh cn phi xy dng khu x l nc thi x l nc thi ca nh my trnh gy nhim n mi trng xung quanh.
PHN II: LA CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN SN XUT

2.1. Nguyn liu dng trong sn xut bia Nguyn liu chnh u tin dng cho sn xut bia trong nh my l malt i mch, hoa houblon, nguyn liu thay th, nm men, nc v mt s ho cht khc. Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
2.1.1. Malt i mch Malt i mch l nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut bia. Khong 1/3 i mch trn th gii c trng sn xut bia. i mch thng c gieo trng vo ma ng hay ma xun, c trng nhiu c, an Mch, Php Ht i mch tri qua qu trnh ngm, m mm s tr thnh ht malt ti, ht malt ti li tip tc qua qu trnh sy, tch r v nh bng s tr thnh ht malt kh tiu chun c th bo qun di ngy trong iu kin kh, mt v c s dng sn xut bia. Trong qu trnh x l ht i mch tr thnh ht malt hon thin h enzyme trong ht c hot ha v tng cng hot lc, c bit l h enzyme thy phn thc hin qu trnh chuyn ha cc cht cao phn t to ra cht chit ca dch ng. Hin nay, cc c s sn xut bia nc ta thng s dng loi malt c ngun gc ch yu t c hoc mt s nc chu u nh: c, an Mch... Malt dng trong sn xut bia cn m bo mt s yu cu: *Ch tiu cm quan: - Mu sc: ht malt vng c mu vng rm, sng ng nh. - Mi v: mi v c trng cho malt vng l v ngt nh hay ngt du, c hng thm c trng, khng c c mi v l. - sch ca malt cho php l 0,5% ht gy v, 1% cc tp cht khc. * Ch s c hc: - Trng lng kh tuyt i: 37-40g/1000ht - Dung trng: 680-750g/l - m: 4-5% - Hm lng cht chit: 80-85% cht kh * Thnh phn chnh: Bng 2.1: Bng cc thnh phn chnh c trong malt STT Thnh phn ho hc ca malt % cht kh
Lp H Thc phm 2A
1 2 3 4 5 6
Tinh bt ng kh Cht khong Cellulose Cc cht cha nit Cht bo
58-65 4 2,5 6 10 2,5
2.1.2. Go Cc ch tiu k thut ca go: - ng nht v kch thc - Mu sc trng ng nht, khng c ht b mc, mi, mt, mi hi - Tp cht khng qu 2%. - m t 12-14% - ho tan 75-85% Thnh phn chnh ca go:
Bng 2.1: Bng cc thnh phn chnh trong go: STT 1 2 3 4 Thnh phn Tinh bt Protein Cht bo Cellulose % cht kh 75 6-8 1-1,5 0,5-0,8 Lp H Thc phm 2A
5 2.1.3. Hoa houblon
Cht khong
1-1,2
Hoa houblon l nguyn liu c bn c tm quan trng th hai sau malt, n khng th thiu trong sn xut bia, hin cha c nguyn liu no c th thay th c. Hoa houblon gp phn quan trng to ra mi v c trng v tng bn sinh hc ca bia. N to cho bia v ng du, hng thm rt c trng, lm tng kh nng to v gi bt, lm tng bn keo v n nh thnh phn sinh hc ca bia. Cc hp cht c gi tr trong hoa phi k n cht ng, polyphenol v tinh du thm ngoi ra cn mt s hp phn khc nhng khng mang nhiu ngha trong cng ngh sn xut bia. Trong cng ngh sn xut bia, ngi ta ch s dng hoa ci cha th phn. Trong cnh hoa v nh hoa c cha cc ht lupulin l ngun gc chnh to ra cht ng v tinh du thm ca hoa houblon. Hoa houblon c nh my s dng di 2 dng: hoa vin v cao hoa.
Hoa vin: hoa houblon sau khi x l s b, c nghin v p thnh cc vin
nh, xp vo cc ti polyetylen hn kn ming tin cho vic bo qun cng nh vn chuyn.
Cao hoa: trch ly cc tinh cht trong hoa bng cc dung mi hu c (toluen,
benzen... ), sau c c thu ly ch phm dng cao.
2.1.3.1. Cc ch tiu k thut ca hoa: a. Tiu chun i vi cao hoa + Ch tiu cm quan
Cao hoa c dng keo, mu vng h phch mi thm c bit, d bay hi, d nhn mi V ng r rt
+ Ch tiu ha hc
Hm lng - axit ng: 30% Lp H Thc phm 2A
Tan ht v c th to kt ta lng nhanh khi un si vi nc. Hoa thm r
rt, v ng du. Hoa cao ng trong cc hp kn, chc chn d m, bao b khng lm nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Bo qun hoa cao trong kho lnh nhit 5-10 oC. b. Tiu chun i vi hoa vin + Ch tiu cm quan
Hoa vin c mu xanh l m Mi thm c bit, d bay hi, d nhn mi, v ng du. Hnh dng: vin n, khng v vn
+ Ch tiu ha hc

Loi vin c hm lng - axit ng 8% c kh nng to kt ta lng nhanh khi un si vi nc nha, lm trong nc
nha, to mi hoa thm r rt, v ng du Hoa vin c ng bao b bn chc, d m, bao b khng lm nh hng n cht lng hoa 2.1.3.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca hoa Bng 2.1: Thnh phn ha hc ca hoa:
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Thnh phn m Cht ng Polyphenol Tinh du thm Cellulose Cht khong Protein Cc hp cht khc
% cht kh 10-11 15-21 2-5 0,5-1,5 12-14 5-8 15-17 26-28
Lp H Thc phm 2A
2.1.4. Nm men c im: nm men thng dng ln men hin nay l loi nm men chm Saccharomyces carlbergensis, t bo nm men hnh cu hay bu dc, kch thc trung bnh l 3-15m, sinh sn ch yu bng phng thc ny chi, ln men iu kin nhit thp( nhit ti u l 8-100C), n c kh nng ln men cc loi ng glucose, fructose, maltose, rafinose... vo cui qu trnh ln men n kt lng xung di y do tnh cht to chm ca t bo, thun li cho vic tch men sau qu trnh ln men quay vng ti s dng nm men. Ngun men ging: Nm men cp cho qu trnh ln men c th ly t chng gc tri qua hai giai on nhn men trong phng th nghim v nhn men sn xut. Trong giai on nhn men trong phng th nghim chng nm men gc c bo qun dng ng kh hay bo qun trong cc ng thch nghing c cy chuyn ra bnh tam gic 100ml, ri sang bnh 1000ml, bnh 5l, bnh 20l trn mi trng nc chit malt c b sung thm cc cht dinh dng ch yu l dng mui khong. Mi cp cy chuyn nui trong thi gian 24h. Sang giai on nhn ging sn xut nm men c nui trong cc canh trng c dung tch tng dn 100l, 300l... cho n khi lng cp cho ln men. Trong giai on mi trng dinh dng nui nm men thng dng trc tip dch ng sau lnh nhanh t phn xng nu c b sung thm cc cht dinh dng, nhit nhn ging l 8-10C, trong qu trnh nui c sc kh thi gian u nm men pht trin sinh khi mnh. Mt dch men ging sau nhn ging phi t khong 100-120triu t bo / ml. Ngoi ra cn ti s dng sa men kt lng sau ln men. Sau khi ln men chnh, ngi ta tin hnh tho sa men. Thng thng c 1000 lt dch cho khong 20 lt dch sinh khi nm men st, m 85-88%. Dch chia lm 3 lp: lp di cng l lp cn bn, lp trn cng l lp t bo cht thng dng lm thc n cho gia sc, ch c lp gia c mu trng ng l nm men sch, c th ti s dng. Men sa ny mun s dng phi tri qua qu trnh ra sa men gt b cc t bo cht v cn lng khc bng nc lnh v trng 40C. Sau phi kim tra xc nh hot tnh v Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
cht lng ri bo qun trong nc lnh 0-2C. S ln ti s dng men sa khong 68 ln, ty thuc vo cht lng nm men. D s dng i vi bt k chng nm men no dng trong sn xut bia th cng cn p ng cc yu cu sau: - Tc ln men nhanh. - S dng ng c hiu qu, to cn cao. - C kh nng chu cn, chu p sut thm thu, oxy, nhit , v nng CO2 ph hp vi tng nh my. - C kh nng kt bong v kt lng tt. - C kh nng sng st cao cho mc ch ti s dng. - Sn phm to ra bao gm cc hp cht hng v v c trng cho bia. - c tnh di truyn n nh cao. 2.1.5. Nc Do phi tr mt khon chi ph kh ln cho vic s dng nc, trung bnh khong 6l/1l bia thnh phm. V vy ngoi vic s dng ngun nc t KCN th nh my thng c h thng khai thc nc ring. Hai ngun ny u phi qua h thng s l nc ca nh my ri mi c em i s dng. Nh ta bit trong qu trnh sn xut bia, nc c s dng rng ri trong mi khu, t cc cng on chnh nh nu, lc, cung cp cho l hi ... n cc khu v sinh. Trong thnh phn bia, nc cng chim mt lng ln (85-90%). Thnh phn v tnh cht ca nc nh hng trc tip n ton b qu trnh cng ngh v cht lng thnh phm. Bi vy, nc dng trong sn xut bia phi c cht lng tt, p ng c cc ch tiu quan trng:

cng ca nc t mn n trung bnh Khng mu, khng mi, khng v pH : 6.9- 7.5 Hm lng mui cacbonat khng qu 50mg/l. Hm lng mui Mg+2 khng qu 100mg/l. Lp H Thc phm 2A
Hm lng mui clorua 75-150 mg/l. Hm lng CaSO4 150-200 mg/l. NH3 v mui NO2 khng c. Hm lng ion st 2 khng qu 0,3 mg/l. Vi sinh vt khng qu 100tb/ml. Nc ra b cn phi iu chnh kim < 50 mg/l v pH = 6,5 khng
chit cc cht khng mong mun t b. pH ca dch ng trc khi nu l 5,4 thu c dch ng sau khi nu l 5,2. Nc ra nm men phi c tic trng v loi b mi l.
2.1.6. Cc nguyn liu ph 2.1.6.1. Ch phm enzyme Maturez L Bn cht l alpha acetolactat decacboxylaza b xung vo trong qu trnh ln men ph c tc dng xc tc qu trnh decacboxyl ha alpha acetolactat ti acetoin. Ch phm ny c sn xut t vi khun Bacillus subtilise v Enterobacter aerogenese. N c s dng trong qu trnh ln men ngn chn s to thnh diacetyl, do gim lng diacetyl to thnh, rt ngn thi gian bia. 2.1.6.2. Nguyn liu ph tr Cc ha cht c s dng m bo tiu chun dng cho thc phm, phi c ngun gc xut x r rng. Bo qun ni kh ro thong mt, trnh nh nng mt tri. a. Nhm ha cht ra NaOH 2%, P3 trimeta 2%, Oxonia 0,5%. Dng trung ha, v sinh v ty ra (CIP). b. Axit S dng Axit lactic iu chnh pH ca dch trong qu trnh ng ha
Lp H Thc phm 2A
c. Mui S dng mui tinh khit CaCl2 b sung vo dch ng ha bo v Enzym khi tc ng nhit v iu chnh cng ca nc. d. Cht tr lc Trong bia, cc cht tr lc c dng kh ph bin, nhng hin nay hay dng nht l Diatomit v Pectit.
2.2. Chn dy chuyn sn xut Qu trnh nu bia c th chia lm cc giai on chnh. - Nghin nguyn liu - H ha - ng ho - Lc dch ng - Nu hoa - Lng xoy - Lm lnh dch ng v b sung O2 - Ln men - Lc bia - Bo CO2 v tng tr bia - Hon thin sn phm 2.2.1. Nghin nguyn liu Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
* Nghin malt: Mc ch ca qu trnh nghin malt l p nh ht thnh nhiu mnh tng din tch tip xc vi nc, lm cho s xm nhp ca nc vo cc thnh phn cht ca ni nh nhanh hn v thc y qu trnh ng ha v cc qu trnh thy phn khc nhanh hn v trit hn. V cu to ht malt c 2 phn chnh l v v ni nh. m bo qu trnh ng ha t hiu qu cao th phn ni nh malt phi c nghin cng nh cng tt. Nhng lp v tru khng mang thnh phn cht chit cn thit ca dch ng nu nghin nh s lm dch ng ng cht gy nh hng m tnh n tnh cht cm quan ca bia thnh phm, hn na lp v tru li ng vai tr to lp mng lc tch cc trong qu trnh lc dch ng do ch nn nghin th malt. Thc t khng c phng n no tho mn ti u cho cc yu cu nu trn m m bo cng ngh sn xut ra bia thnh phm t cht lng cao ngi ta chn gii php nghin th malt bng my nghin trc C 3 phng php nghin malt thng c dng l: nghin kh, nghin m v nghin t. Nghin kh: c u im l cu to thit b n gin vn hnh d dng, c th nghin trc mt ngy trc khi nu, c th nghin malt c nhuyn km nhng c nhc im l v tru thng b nt lm dch ng ng cht, qu trnh lc kh khn. Nghin m: cc thit b s dng cng ch yu cu nh nghin kh, c th khc phc c mt phn hin tng nt v tru. Nghin t: yu cu thit b chu n mn, thit b c kch thc ln, vn hnh nghim ngt, nghin xong phi nu ngay nhng c u im ni tri l bo ton c lp v tru trong qu trnh nghin do dch ng thu c c cht lng cao, qu trnh lc thun li. Cn c vo u nhc im ca cc phng php em chn phng php nghin malt l nghin t, s dng thit b nghin trc, my nghin c 2 cp rul. * Nghin go:
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Mc ch: lm tng b mt tip xc vi enzyme, gip cho qu trnh trng n v ho tan tt hn bng vic ph v cu trc mng t bo ca go. c im chung ca cc loi nguyn liu cha c m mm nh go l cha chu tc ng bi h enzym sitaza. Cu trc thnh t bo v cc ht tinh bt ca chng cn rt chc, kh b thu phn. Do yu cn nghin tht nh v h ho nhit cao thu c nhiu cht chit. t c hiu qu h ho v ng ho cao yu cu go phi c nghin tht mn do gii php nghin go bng my nghin ba l phng php n gin m t c hiu qu cao.
2.2.2. H ha v ng ho Mc ch ca qu trnh h ha tinh bt nhm thu phn tng phn to iu kin cho giai on ng ho t hiu qu cao, ng thi giai on ny cng ho tan mt phn cht chit vo dch ng. Trong qu trnh nu tng hiu qu trch ly v ng ho nguyn liu ta b sung thm malt lt. Mc ch ca qu trnh ng ho nguyn liu l to iu kin v nhit v pH cho cc enzym c trong malt hot ng, thu phn cc hp cht cao phn t thnh cc hp cht thp phn t d ho tan to thnh cht chit ca dch ng. Sn phm ca qu trnh ng ha rt a dng, nhng ch yu l ng v dextrin. Yu cu ca qu trnh ng ho l dch ng thu c cha hm lng cht chit ti a v t l gia cc thnh phn l 80% ng c kh nng ln men. Trong qu trnh ng ho, tinh bt c thu phn thnh cc ng n gin v dextrin bc thp d tan, protein c thu phn thnh cc hp cht cha nit ch yu l c khi lng phn t trung bnh: axitamin, peptide, polypeptide. Ngoi cc qu trnh thu phn bi enzyme, trong qu trnh ng ha cn c th xy ra cc phn ng phi enzyme nh phn ng caramel ho, phn ng melanoid, s bin tnh protein km bn nhit, ho tan cc cht trong v malt vo dch ng...
Lp H Thc phm 2A
V nu bia y c s dng nguyn liu thay th nn khng th s dng phng php ng ha ton khi lin tc v phng php ny ch thch hp khi s dng 100% nguyn liu l malt. Nu s dng phng php ng ha gin on un si tng phn nguyn liu to bc nhy nhit , tng nng sut s dng nguyn liu, nhng mt nhc im rt ln l qu trnh ko di, tn nng lng cp hi t. Do y em chn phng php nu h ho go ring, dch cho sau h ho c ng ho chung vi matl. Vi phng php ny thi gian nu c rt ngn m vn m bo hiu sut ng ho, c th thit k ni cho v ni malt cu to ging nhau ch khc nhau v th tch nn s linh ng trong t chc sn xut. Ni nu phi thit k h thng o hi cp nhit cho qu trnh nu, ng thi phi c cnh khuy ho trn u dch bt v chng kh dch st v
2.2.3. Lc dch ng Mc ch: Tch dch ng ra khi b vi hiu sut thu hi ln nht, ng thi hn ch ti a s oxy ho dch ng. tch b malt v lm trong dch ng th cc gii php thng c t ra l phn ly v lc, tuy nhin do lc c u im l kh nng tch loi cn tt hn, ch to v vn hnh thit b n gin hn nn hin nay hu ht cc nh my bia u s dng phng php lc lm trong dch ng. Thit b lc dch ng thng c s dng l my lc khung bn v thng lc y bng. My lc khung bn c u im l thit b c kch thc nh gn hn thng lc y bng, lc nhanh tn t nc ra b, cht lng dch ng tt hn, trong hn, nhng thit b khng kn nn dch ng b oxy ho nhiu, sau mi ln lc phi tho lp cc khung bn tn nhiu lao ng th cng vn hnh, kh c gii ho, t ng ho, v sinh v bo dng cng tn cng hn. Thng lc y bng chim din tch ln, lc chm nhng nng sut lc vn ln hn my lc khung bn. Thng lc y bng c kt cu c gii t ng nn vn hnh n gin, bo n tt, thng kn nn dch ng t b oxy ho hn.
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Cn c vo nhng iu trn em chn s dng thng lc y bng lc dch ng. Thng lc y bng c y gi cch y tht khong 2cm, c h thng co b nhanh ti to li lp lc, to khng gian gom dch ng. Pha di thng cn c h thng ng gom dch, khi t ti mc th s bm sang ni nu hoa. Bn cnh cn cn thit b n nh lu lng dch trc bm, ng ng dn dch ra cn thit k on vng ln trnh to p sut chn khng lm bt l lc, ng thi tch i mt phn cn lng ca dch lc. Cn thit k c ng ng thng p v hi lu dch lc cn c. 2.2.4. Nu hoa Dch ng sau khi lc c un si vi hoa hublon nhm mc ch trch ly cht ng, tinh du thm, polyphenol v cc thnh phn khc ca hoa. Cc thnh phn ny to nn v ng du, mi thm c trng ca bia. Polyphenol ha tan vo dch ng s tc dng vi cc hp cht protein cao phn t thnh phc cht d gy lng ko theo cc cn, lm tng bn keo ca bia. ng thi cng l mt cng on dit vi sinh vt cn tn ti trong dch ng nhm m bo qu trnh ln men sau ny n nh, m bo cht lng ca bia thnh phm. Ngoi ra trong qu trnh ny cn din ra nhiu phn ng ph khc nh: phn ng melanoid, phn ng caramel ho... m bo trch ly c nhiu hp cht ng, lng protein to keo kt ta tt hn ta cn phi cp nhit cho qu trnh si mnh lit ca dch. Cc phng php cp hi cho ni hoa: *Cp nhit trc tip: Trc dng than t trc tip di y, sau ny dng gas hoc du ho. Cch ny c qu nhiu nhc im nn hin nay khng c s dng. *Cp nhit bng nc nng: Dng nc nng di p sut cao c nhit 160170 0C cp nhit cho ni un nhng ng knh ng cn to hn v nng lng cn dng nhiu. Ngy nay t s dng. *Cp nhit bng hi: Nc c un ti p sut 2-3 bar to hi dn vo o hi bao bc xung quanh y, hi s truyn nhit vo dch ng.
Lp H Thc phm 2A
u im: Thi gian un gim, tit kim nng lng, tng hiu sut chit cht ng t hoa, protein to keo kt ta hon ton, iu chnh p sut hi nc d dng cng nh tc si v nhit si.... Nhc im: Cn thm nng lng bm tun hon, cn bo n trnh tn tht nhit, tng gi tin u t. *Cp nhit bn trong: B phn trao i nhit bn trong dng ng chm, dch ng i qua ng cn hi i bn trong ng. u im: Gi thnh u t thp hn, c th thay i nhit si v bay hi, c th s dnh hi nc bo ho thp 1 bar, dch ng si khng to bt m khng cn rt khng kh, cng khng cn cnh khuy... Nhc im: Kh lm sch ni nu, nu dch ng un qu nhit th s b sm mu v mi khng t yu cu. T nhng u, nhc im ca cc phng php em chn ni nu hoa c h thng cp nhit bn trong ng thi vi v o hi bn ngoi trnh tn tht nhit. K thut b sung hoa chia lm 3 phn: - Phn 1: B sung ton b lng cao hoa khi dch si khong 5 pht. Phn cao hoa ny c hm lng axt ng v tanin cao nhm to v ng, kt ta cc m cao phn t trong dch ng. - Phn 2: B sung lng hoa vin khi dch si c khong 50 pht. - Phn cn li c cho vo trc khi kt thc qu trinh nu hoa khong 5 pht. Phn hoa vin c hm lng axt ng thp hn cao hoa ch yu cung cp tinh du thm to hng cho bia. 2.2.5. Lng trong dch ng houblon ho Mc ch: tch b cc phn t rn hay cn, b hoa ra khi dch ng, trnh bia khng b c v h nhit ca dch ng ti nhit thch hp cho qu trnh ln men ng thi hn ch ti a s nhim tp vi sinh vt, nh hng ti ln men v cht lng bia thnh phm.
Lp H Thc phm 2A
y l giai on d nhim tp nht c bit l nhim cc loi vi khun chu nhit c th gy cho bia thnh phm c mi v l do cn thit k cc thit b m bo trnh nhim tp cho bia. lm trong dch ng c th s dng cc thit b: thng thp h, thng kn, ly tm, my lc tm, lng xoy... Thng thp h v thng kn th ngy nay hu nh l khng cn s dng. Ly tm s loi b c cc cht rn dng huyn ph trong dung dch. My ly tm quay 4000 5000 vng/pht u im: Lu lng ln (700hl/h), kh nng t ng ha cao, thit b n gin, gn nh, cn thu c rt c v kh khuch tn tr li. Nhc im: Chi ph mua my rt t v bo tr li tn km. Thit b lng xoy: C cu to n gin, vn hnh d dng, da vo lc ly tm v trng lc nn c th t hiu qu cao trong vic phn ly b hoa v cc cn lng khc ra khi dch ng. Nhng hn ch ca phng php ny l tn tht ln ( 2-3%), nu vn hnh khng tt th vic phn tch tp cht cng khng tt. Cn c vo u nhc ca cc phng php em chn thit b lng xoy lm trong dch ng. trnh nhim tp trong khi lng xoy th ng hi thng lng xoy thit k c ng knh bng khong 1/10 ng knh thng dng hi bc ln mnh ngn nga s nhim tp. tng hiu qu phn ly th ng ng a dch ng vo lng xoy phi thit k thu hp tng vn tc dng chy (12-14 m/s) trc khi vo tip tuyn vi thnh thng v tr cch y khong 1/3 chiu cao thng nhm tn dng hiu qu lc ly tm. ng ng cp dch cng nn thit k on cong ln nhm tch bt mt phn cn ca dch v n nh dng dch. Dch trong c tho ra bng c ng ng tip tuyn cch y mt khong v c pha y nhm trnh ko theo b. B hoa c tho ra y thng bng vic x nc vo thng, tho b d dng thit k y thng hi nghing so vi mt phng nm ngang chng 2. 2.2.6. Lm lnh dch ng v b sung CO2
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Mc ch: Lm lnh dch ng h nhit dch ng xung ti nhit ln men. trnh nhim tp giai on ny cn tin hnh lm lnh nhanh dch ng, ng thi cng y nhanh tin trnh sn xut. y em chn thit b trao i nhit kiu tm bn, lm lnh 1 cp, vi cht ti nhit l nc lnh 2C lm lnh nhanh dch ng. My c cu to t nhng tm bn gp sng ch to t thp hp kim Cr-Ni. Cc tm bn c hnh ch nht, c 4 tai 4 gc, trn mi tai c c l trn. Kt hp xen k cc tm bn vi cc giong cao su to nn 4 mng dn: dch ng vo my, dch ng ra khi my, cht ti lnh vo my, cht ti lnh ra khi my. Dch ng nng c bm vo mt trong hai mng dn pha trn, chy thnh mng ziczac trn b mt cc tm bn trong khong trng gia 2 tm bn lin k, dch ng chy cc khong trng cch nhau 1 khong trng xen k bi cht ti lnh, cui cng ra khi my mng dn ngc pha. Nc lnh 2C c i theo chiu ngc li t mng dn vo pha trn qua cc khong trng m dch ng khng i qua ri ra mng dn pha trn i din. Nc sau khi ly nhit ca dch ng c dng v sinh h thng ni nu. Ngay sau lnh nhanh b tr thit b sc khng kh v trng vo dch ng ri a i ln men. 2.2.7. Chn chng nm men v phng php ln men Mc ch: Ln men l giai on quyt nh chuyn ho dch ng houblon ho thnh bia di tc ng ca nm men thng qua hot ng sng ca chng. Qu trnh ln men bao gm 2 giai on: ln men chnh, ln men ph v tng tr bia. Ln men chnh nhm mc ch chuyn ho cc thnh phn cht tan ch yu l cc loi ng v dextrin thp phn t ca dch ng c houblon ho thnh ru etylic, CO2, glyxerin v cc ru bc cao khc, axit hu c, este di tc dng ca nm men. Ln men ph v tng tr nhm n nh cc thnh phn ca bia, to bt, to cc sn phm bc cao mang hng v v c trng hi ho ca bia, tng bn keo, c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt Trong sn xut bia ty thuc vo thit b, chng nm men v phng thc ln men m ta c cc phng php ln men khc nhau. * Theo thit b
Lp H Thc phm 2A
C hai phng php ln men: ln men c in v ln men hin i. - Ln men c in: c im chnh l hai qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph c tin hnh trong cc thit b ring bit c h thng bo n lnh khc nhau. - u im: Nhit ln men thp 6 90C nn thi gian ln men ko di, sn phm thu c c hng v m . Nhc im: Tn din tch mt bng, tn thit b, thi gian ln men di, nng sut gim, h thng lm lnh ln, do vy tn chi ph u t. Vic vn chuyn dch ln men t khu ln men chnh sang khu ln men ph gy tn tht. - Ln men hin i (ln men gia tc): Vi phng php ny qu trnh ln men chnh v qu trnh ln men ph c tin hnh trong cng mt thit b hnh tr, y cn, c h thng o lnh bn ngoi iu chnh nhit ca hai qu trnh ln men. Nhit ln men chnh 8 100C, ln men ph 2 50C. u im: Thi gian ln men chnh nhanh, rt ngn hn so vi phng php ln men c in. Thit b ln men gn, khng tn din tch mt bng phn xng. Nhc im: Thi gian ln men nhanh lm cht lng bia c gim, tuy nhin khng khc xa nhiu so vi ln men c in. * Theo chng nm men C hai phng php ln men chm v ni. - Ln men chm: s dng chng men Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, nhit ln men chnh thch hp 8 100C. Trong qu trnh ln men, nm men l lng dng huyn ph trong dch ln men. Cui thi gian ln men, phn ln nm men chm xung pha di y thit b. u im: d tch cn nm men sau khi ln men chnh, thi gian ln men lu, chng ny cn s dng c c ng rafinoza, lm tng hiu sut ln men. Nhc im: bia thu c v nht. - Ln men ni: chng nm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nhit ln men cao hn: 14 160C. Nm men kt thnh mng ni ln trn b mt dch ng. u im: bia c v m hn khi dng chng nm men ln men chm. Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Nhc im: kh tch cn nm men. *Theo phng thc ln men - Ln men lin tc Nguyn liu vo lin tc, sn phm ly ra lin tc. u im: cng ngh khp kn, hao tn sn xut t, cht lng bia ng u, nng cao nng sut thit b, h gi thnh sn phm, d t ng ho. Nhc im: thit b phc tp, t tin, i hi kim sot nghim ngt, khi b nhim th d nhim hng lot nn kh x l. Ln men gin on Nguyn liu c a vo tng m. Sn phm ly ra tng m. u im: thit b n gin, d ch to, khi b nhim th d x l. Nhc im: nng sut thp. T nhng u, nhc im ca cc phng php nu trn, kt hp vi iu kin khch quan, nh my chn phng php ln men nh sau: Phng php ln men chm bng chng Saccharomyces carlsbergensis trong thit b ln men gia tc hnh tr, y cn. Phng thc ln men gin on, nhit ln men 8 - 100C. 2.2.8. Lc trong bia Mc ch: Bia sau khi ln men c lm trong t nhin (nh qu trnh lng khi ln men ph) nhng cha t mc cn thit. Do , cn phi lc tip to lng lnh cho bia, loi b ng k s lng vi sinh vt, loi b cc phc cht protein, cc ht dng keo polyphenol, protein t tan... nhm tng bn ca bia, tng gi tr cm quan, n nh cc thnh phn c hc. Bia tiu chun sau qu trnh ln men c i qua thit b trao i nhit tm bn trao i nhit vi cht ti lnh l glycol n nh nhit bia 0C trc khi lc gim tn tht CO2 . Hin nay lc bia ch yu s dng cc phng php lc bia sau: lc khung bn, lc a v lc nn.
Lp H Thc phm 2A
-My lc khung bn: u im: B mt lc ln, lc dch trong loi b c nm men, tm c th thay th d dng, lc c cc cn bn, khng cn ngi c chuyn mn ha cao. Nhc im: Cn nhiu thi gian v sinh, phi thay th tm theo chu k, gi thnh tm cao, dch chy nhiu phn b khng u, phi tho khung bn khi cn gim p sut. -My lc a: C 2 loi l my lc ngang v my lc ng + My lc ngang u im: Tit kim mt bng s dng, sy kh lp lc, lp lc khng b ri khi my hng, h thng ra t ng. Nhc im: Kh m bo kn trc my, b phn lc lung lay khi v sinh my, khng tin li khi tho lp, cng knh theo chiu cao, khng c kh nng tng theo b mt lc. + My lc ng: u im: B mt lc ln, tho lp h thng lc d dng, khng cn khng gian chiu cao. Nhc im: Kh m bo kn trc my, b phn lc lung lay khi v sinh my, rt nhy vi s c khi lc, kh v sinh, lp lc thng b t. -My lc nn: u im: B mt lc tng dn do s bi p lin tc ca bt tr lc, bn mt lc khng b thay th nh k, c th t ng ha, gim hm lng oxy xm nhp, d dng lp t. Nhc im: Rt nhy cm vi s tng p sut t ngt, chu trnh lc ngn, khng th tng nng sut bng cch tng b phn lc, tiu th lng nc ra ln, kh khn trong vic ra v bo qun nn lc, vic tho d phc tp v c nguy c b bin dng i vi cc nn dng cc Cn c vo u, nhc ca tng phng php nh my chn lc bia theo phng php lc nn. Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
2.3. Thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut. S dy chuyn cng ngh:
Lp H Thc phm 2A
1. Nghin nguyn liu - Nghin malt
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Malt c vo phu hng chn gu ti th nht, c gu ti ny a ln thit b cn malt, sau xung phu hng ca gu ti th hai v c a ln vo thng cha. Khi malt t thng cha i xung ng hnh tr t ngay trn my nghin th c phun nc 63C t di ln trong khong 40s. Ti khoang nghin vn tip tc phun nc 32C nhm mc ch cun sch malt khi trc nghin, v ha tan cc hp cht trong matl vo nc. Nc 32C kt hp vi nc 63C trn to hn hp dch c nhit khong 40-42C trc khi vo ni ng ha. Nghin go Go c vo phu hng v c gu ti a ln xung my nghin ba, bt go sau nghin c a vo phu hng ca gu ti tip theo v c a ln cao, c vt ti a qua thit b phi trn vi nc m ri vo ni h ho. Bt go trong qu trnh c qut gi thi v gu ti vn chuyn sinh ra nhiu bi nn nhng v tr ny c b tr ng ng thng vi ti lc v xyclon tch bi. Nghin malt lt Malt lt c nghin ring trong my nghin trc theo phng php nghin kh ri c ng bao. Khi nu malt lt c trc tip vo ni h ho bng ca trn np ni. .2. Qu trnh h ho Trc khi nu, tin hnh v sinh thit b bng nc nng, dng khong 4hl nc lt ni. Bt go c phi trn vi nc m t nhit dch khong 40-42C trc khi cho vo ni vi t l: bt/nc = 1/5. Bt cnh khuy, b sung axt lactic h pH ca hn dch xung khong 5,5 5,6. Cho malt lt vo ni vi lng bng 10% lng go v b sung thm nc t l: bt/nc = 1/5. Bt c trn u v gi nhit 40-42C trong khong 15 pht tinh bt ht nc trng n. Cp hi nng t t nhit ca khi dch ln 72C v gi trong khong 25 pht. Tip tc nng nhit ca khi dch ln 83C v gi trong 5 pht thc hin qu trnh h ho tinh bt go. Sau b sung nc cng vi 10% lng malt cn li vo ni h nhit xung 72 0 C v gi nhit trong khong 25 pht. Cui cng cp hi un si
Lp H Thc phm 2A
khi dch v gi trong khong 15 pht trc khi bm sang ni malt. Vic nng nhit m bo 10/1pht. S h ha: Bt go + nc 420 C, malt lt (b sung ), axit lactic, gi trong 15 pht
Nng nhit ln 720C, gi trong 25 pht
Nng nhit ln 830C,gi trong 5 pht
H nhit xung 720C, cho matl lt, gi trong 25 pht
Bm sang ni ng ha
3. Qu trnh ng ha Trc khi nghin 10 pht th v sinh ni malt, b sung 4hl nc lt ni sau y bt u nghin malt v cho vo ni ng ho. Bt cnh khuy o trn u dch malt. B sung axit lactic v CaCl2 axit lactic h pH ca dch xung 5,45,5 thun li cho hot ng ca h enzyme thu phn. Nng nhit khi dch ln 50-52C v gi trong khong 10 pht. Bm dch cho t nhit si v gi trong 15 pht sang ni malt ho trn vi dch bt malt, khi nhit ca hn dch s vo khong 6365C, thi gian bm cho khong 10 pht, gi nhit ny 15 pht. Tip tc nng nhit khi dch ln 75C v gi trong khong 20 pht. Kim tra tinh bt st ni malt bng Iot,khi ni malt khng cn tinh bt st, tip tc nng nhit khi dch ln 76C ri bm sang thng lc. S ng ha: Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Dch nghin malt, axit lactic, CaCl2
Hi cho, nhit tng 650C, gi trong 15p
Nng ln 760C
Bm sang ni lc 4. Lc dch ng Lc dch ng c 2 giai on: giai on th nht l lc tch dch ng ra khi b, giai on 2 l ra b rt nt phn cht ho tan cn st li trong b. Tin hnh lc: Trc khi tin hnh lc, thng lc cn c v sinh k bng nc. Ca tho b v cc van x dch phi ng cht. Bm nc nng 78C vo cc ng dn dch ui khng kh ng thi bm ti y khong khng gia hai y ca thng lc. Dch ng t ni ng ho sau khi c trn u, c bm mt ln sang thng lc, ng thi h thng co b hot ng dn u lp b trn mt y gi. Sau khi ht dch ng h thng cnh o b c nng ln cao. Dch ng c yn 20 pht b kt lng to thnh lp lc. Sau m van thu dch ng, ban u dch ng cn c nn ta cho hi lu tr li thng lc trong khong 15 pht u. Khi dch ng bt u trong th kho van hi lu, dch ng c a ngay sang ni nu hoa. Nu ni hoa cha sn sng th dch ng c a sang ni trung gian c v bo n cha tm. Lc u tc lc nhanh, v sau tc lc chm dn do mng lc b bt lm tng tr lc khi cn ngng qu trnh lc dng h thng co b to li
Lp H Thc phm 2A
lp mng lc. Dng p k kim tra tc lc. Thi gian lc khong 90 pht. Sau tin hnh ra b. Tin hnh ra b gin on lm 2 ln, nc ra b c nhit 78C. Sau khi thu ht dch ng, kho van x dch: + Ln th nht: cp 60% lng nc ra b + Ln th hai: cp 40% lng nc ra b Cho cnh khuy quay lm ti lp b gii phng cht tan cn lu trong b vo dch. yn 10 pht th tho dch, dch ny cng c bm sang ni hoa vi dch lc trc . Kt thc qu trnh ra b hm lng ng trong b cn 0,5-1Bx. Thi gian ra b khong 90-100 pht. 5. Nu hoa Thit b un hoa c v sinh sch s trc mi m nu. Dch t thng lc hoc thng trung gian c bm qua thit b trao i nhit nng nhit ca dch lc ln khong 950C, nhm tit kim hi, sau c bm sang ni nu hoa houblon. Sau nng dn nhit lm dch si mnh. Khi dch si khong 5 pht th cho ton b lng hoa cao vo ni. Sau khi dch si c khong 30 pht th cho 1/2 lng hoa vin vo ni. Trc khi kt thc un hoa 10 pht th b sung nt 1/2 lng hoa vin vo ni. Vic b sung hoa lm hai ln nhm mc ch to hng tt hn cho bia, bi v trong qu trng un hoa lng tinh du thm s tn hao 80-90%. V vy vic b sung lm hai ln s gim tn tht. Kt thc qu trnh nu hoa: ha tan: 12 0 P, pH = 5,2-5,4 Thi gian un hoa si khong 70 pht. 2.3.2.6. Lng xoy Dch ng c bm cao 1/3 so vi chiu cao dch trong thng v c bm theo phng tip tuyn vi thn thng vi vn tc 12-14m/s, di tc dng ca lc ly tm v trng lc cc cn lng v b hoa tch ra tp trung gia thng v lng xung y. Dch ra khi thng c nhit khong 90C c bm sang thit b lm lnh nhanh. Ban u dch c ly ra thn thng theo phng tip tuyn cn v sau
Lp H Thc phm 2A
c ly y. Cn tp trung y thng khi bm ht dch c xi nc x b ra ngoi. Thi gian lng xoy khong 50 pht. Kt thc lng xoy th v sinh thit b bng nc nng. 2.3.2.7. Lm lnh nhanh Sau khi ra khi thng lng xoy, dch ng c nhit 90C, c dn vo my lnh nhanh kiu tm bn. Nc lnh 2C c i theo chiu ngc li t mng dn vo pha trni qua cc khong trng m dch ng khng i qua ri ra mng dn pha trn i din. Nc lnh qua trao i nhit vi dch ng tr thnh nc nng 70-80C c thu hi v thng nc nng a i phc v cho qu trnh nu. Dch ng sau khi lm lnh c nhit khong 9 oC. 8. Bo ho O2 vo dch ln men Sau khi ra khi my lnh nhanh, dch ng c nhit 9C dch ng c b sung oxy di dng khng kh nn sc vo ng ng cp dch ng i ln men. Khng khi c ht qua mng lc, i qua thp ra, qua hp ph bng than hot tnh, lc xp, kh trng trc khi np vo dch. Khng kh nn sau khi c lm sch v kh trng c b sung xui theo chiu ng ng dn dch ng vo thng ln men. Lng oxy cung cp phi va khong 6mg/l. + Nu lng oxy qu nhiu s dn ti trng hp nm men s s dng nhiu ng to lng sinh khi khng cn thit v vy s lm gim hiu sut ln men. + Nu thiu oxy cng khng tt v nh vy s khng mt t bo cho qu trnh ln men, nm men s chng gi xy ra hin tng . 2.3.2.9. Cp nm men v tin hnh ln men a. Chn b nm men. Mn ging m nh my s dng c nui cy t chng Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Sau men ging c bo qun nhit 50C trong tank bo qun men ging. Thi gian tr men khng qu 1 ngy, sau s c chuyn vo tank ln men.
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Bn cnh cng ty cn thu hi v ti s dng men sa: Khi kt thc ln men chnh, tin hnh h nhit xung 5oC thu hi men sa. Lng men sa thu c c mu trng sa c bo qun trong tank bo qun men ging v c ti s dng n i th 8 th loi b. b. Ln men chnh. -Tin hnh np dch ng. Nh my s dng phng php ln men gia tc trong cc thng hnh tr- y cn kn, c kh nng to bt v gi bt tt, thu hi CO2 t thng ln men. Thit b ln men c v sinh sch s trc khi ln men. Trc khi bm dch ng vo tank, tin hnh m van trn nh tank, bm kh CO2 t di y tank ln ui ht khng kh trong tank n khi thy mi CO2 bay ra l c. Tin hnh bm dch ng vo tank. Khi m u tin c bm vo tank ln men, tin hnh np ng thi ton b lng nm men ging v b sung enzym Maturex vo tank. Khi m dch u tin c bm xong th lng men cng c bm ht. Mc ch ca vic tip men ngay t u l gip cho nm men thch nghi dn vi dch ln men ng thi vi mt nm men ban u ln s hn ch c s nhim tp. Sau tin hnh bm dch cho n khi y tank ln men v n khi tip lng dch th lng sinh khi cng cho qu trnh ln men. Khong cch gia cc m np dch cho 1 tank ln men l 3 3,5 gi/ m dch v nhit ca cc m l: - M 1 v 2: 6.0 6.50C - M 3 v 4: 6.5 7.00C Mt t bo nm men cp vo khong 30 triu t bo/ml dch. - Qu trnh ln men Sau khi kt thc qu trnh nhn dch, ta duy tr p sut cho tank p sut kh quyn, cho chy lnh 1 hoc 2 khoang trn cng duy tr nhit 9 0C. Tc nhn lnh l glycol -20C. Nhn vin k thut s tin hnh iu chnh ng m van cp glycol iu khin nhit ca tank theo yu cu trong sut qu trnh ln men.
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Thng thng ch cn m 1 khoang lnh trn cng ca tank ln men vi mc ch to ra s chnh lch nhit gia cc khoang, nh to ra s i lu, nm men s chuyn ng t di ln trn, tng b mt tip xc gia nm men v c cht. ng thi trong qu trnh ln men CO2 to ra bm vo b mt ca nm men di dng bt kh. Khi lng CO2 to ra nhiu ln n s ko theo t bo nm men ni ln trn b mt, bt kh v ra nm men li ri xung. C nh vy m nm men c o trn, gip qu trnh ln men din ra nhanh hn v u hn. Trng hp qu trnh ln men xy ra mnh, nhit tng nhanh cn m c 2 khoang trn cng khng ch nhit khng tng qu cao. Trong qu trnh ln men chnh lng CO2 to ra nhiu, khi phng KCS kim tra thy CO2 t tinh khit > 99 % th bo cho t ph tr bit tin hnh thu hi CO2 (thng th ta tin hnh thu CO2 sau khong 15 16h k t khi bt u np y dch). Qu trnh thu hi CO2 kt thc khi ng dch ln men cn 3,0-3,50Plato, khi ng van thu CO2 v tip tc ln men. Lc ny duy tr p sut trong tank l 0.7-0,8 bar. Khi hm lng ng trong dch cn 2.8-3,00P th chuyn sang ch ln men ph. Lc ny p sut t cho tank vn l 0,7-0,8bar v h nhit ca tank xung 50C v tin hnh thu men sa. Thi gian ln men chnh khong 5 ngy i vi ma h v 7 ngy i vi ma ng. Trong qu trnh ln men chnh c 1 ngy th cng nhn x cn mt ln, cn y ch yu l xc nm men, cc prtin, keo ca hoa... lng xung y tank. Cc cn ny thng c mu vng xm v qu trnh x cn kt thc khi c men sa xut hin. Qu trnh x cn c thc hin vo u ca sng mi ngy. - Qu trnh thu men sa. Sau khi h nhit trong tank ln men xung 50C v p sut t 0,7 bar, lc ny nm men kt lng xung y tank ln men ta tin hnh m van x y v thu hi men sa vo tank bo qun men ging ti s dng cho ln sau. c. Ln men ph. Khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh ta chuyn sang ln men ph. Nhit ca qu trnh ln men ph l 50C v gi p sut 0,7-0,8 bar. Trong sut thi gian ln men ph, c 2 ngy tin hnh x cn men 1 ln, sau 12 15 ngy v khi kim tra thy ng 2,50 Plato th h nhit xung 20C v gi nhit ny trong khong 3 Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
ngy, v cui cng h nhit xung 00C v gi nhit ny tng tr n khi thu bia i lc. giai on ny tc ln men chm hn, nm men tip tc s dng phn ng cn li trong dch ln men to thnh CO2 v cc sn phm bc 2 lm hng v ca bia c hon thin hn (lm trong bia, kh diaxetyl, lm chn v n nh bia). Lng CO2 to ra di tc dng ca nhit thp s ho tan vo dch ln men. Nu lng CO2 ny khng ta c th b sung thm. Mt chu k ln men 22 ngy. Trong qu trnh ln men, theo nguyn tc mi ngy phi ly mu mt ln kim tra cc yu t sau: pH, ng, chua, ng, hm lng diaxetyl v soi t bo nm men xem qu trnh ln men c din ra bnh thng hay khng. Nu pH ca dch ln men tng ngha l dch ln men c th b nhim vi khun lactic hoc axetic. Cn soi t bo nm men bit mt t bo nm men, t l ny chi v c im hnh thi ca t bo. 10. Lc bia Trc khi lc bia th bia c h nhit xung 00C gim tn tht CO2 khi lc. Qu trnh lc bia c thc hin nh thit b lc nn inox. Qu trnh lc bia gm cc giai on sau: - Bm nc bi kh vo y thit b ui kh. - Ha bt tr lc vi nc v bm tun hon vo thit b trong khong 10 pht cho ti khi lp lc th nht c hnh thnh. Lp lc th 2 cng s c ph tip theo bng cch tng t. - Lc bia t thng ln men. - Trong qu trnh lc thng xuyn b xung bt tr lc, phi ch n lu lng vo, ra ca my v n s lm cho p sut tng ln v lp lc s b bung ra. - Kt thc qu trnh lc, dng nc bi kh y bia ra khi my lc. - Sc kh t pha bn trong nn lc tch lp bt lc v cn bn ra khi nn lc - S dng nc c kt hp sc kh nn ra nh k. - Cui cng ra li ton b h thng ng ng v my lc bng nc nng chun b cho ln lc tip theo. Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Bia sau lc c bm sang cc tank cha bia trong n nh v bo ha CO2. 2.3.2.11. Tng tr v n nh tnh cht ca bia thnh phm Mc ch: Tng cht lng cm quan ca bia, chng oxy ha, chng kt lng, tng thi gian bo qun bia, n nh cc thnh phn trong bia... Qu trnh tng tr, n nh bia v bo ha CO2 din ra nh sau: Bm mt lng CO2 vo trc y ht khng kh c trong tank ra ngoi, trnh khng bia b oxy ha do tip xc vi O2 ng thi to p sut ln hn ch s gii phng CO2 ra khi bia. Sau bm bia lc vo tank t di ln. Trong qu trnh bm CO2 c b sung vo bia nh cc ng ng dn di kt hp vi cc on ni. Lng CO2 bo ha cho ti khi hm lng CO2 trong bia t 3,5 4 g/l i vi bia hi v 4,5 5 g/l i vi bia chai. Trong qu trnh tng tr bia, duy tr p sut trong tank 1,8 kg/cm2 CO2 ha tan ht vo bia. Cc thng c b tr h thng lm lnh sao cho h nhit ca bia xung 0 20 C. 12. Hon thin sn phm * Hon thin sn phm bia hi Bia hi c chit bock phc v cho nhu cu trong ngy ca cc ca hng, i l cc vng ln cn. Nh vy v nguyn tc m ni th bia chit bock trc khng cn b sung thm CO2. Qu trnh trit tun theo nguyn tc ng p. u tin bock c nhp vv qua mt lot qu trnh v sinh sch s. m bo v sinh tuyt i, nu ckhng kh v vi sinh vt l chng s sng v pht trin lm hng bia. Khi v sinh sch s ta bt u chit theo nguyn tc ng p. Bia hi thnh phm c chit vo bock c cc dung tch sau : 100 lt, 50lt, 25 lt. thun tin cho vic vn chuyn ta chn loi bock 50 lt. Cng nhn vn chuyn bock ln gi v my chit bt u lm vic, khino y th dng, cng nhn li chuyn xung v li chuyn bock khc ln, qu trnh c nh vy din ra
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Trong chit bock th bia c th khng cn b sung CO2 m phi m bo 3 yu cu sau; + Rt y th tch dung block + Rt khng si bt + Hao ph t.
PHN III: TNH CN BNG SN PHM

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Phn xng sn xut bia hi c nng sut 3 triu lt/nm c nng 100Bx. Trong qu trnh sn xut tn tht cc cng on sn xut l khng th trnh khi, do cc tn tht ny cn phi c tnh ton trong cc cng onca qu trnh sn xut. Lng tn tht ny ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh : cht lng nguyn liu, quy m thit b nh my, mc hin i hay th cng ca thit b... Tnh cn bng sn phm cho bia hi 100Bx 3.1. Tnh lng bia v dch ng qua cc giai on: n gin trong qu trnh tnh ton, ta tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100 lt bia hi Tn tht tnh theo % ca tng cng on sn xut l: Qu trnh Nghin Nu, ng ho, lc Nu hoa Lng xoy Lnh nhanh Ln men chnh ph Lc bia Bo ho CO2 Chit chai Chit box Tn tht 0,5% so vi trng lng nguyn liu 2.5% so vi cht kh 10% lng dch do nc bay hi 2,5 % so vi cht kh 0,5% 4% so vi th tch bia 1% 0,5% 4% 1%
+ Tn tht trong qu trnh chit bock l 1%. Vy lng bia trc khi chit block l 100 : (1-0,01) = 101,01 lt
Lp H Thc phm 2A
+ Tn tht trong qu trnh bo ho CO 2 l 0,5% . Th lng bia trc khi bo ho CO2 l( sau khi lc) 101,01 : (1-0,005) = 101,52 lt + Tn tht trong qu trnh lc bia l 1%. Th lng bia trc khi lc l: 101,52 : (1-0,01) = 102,55 lt + Tn tht trong qu trnh ln men chnh v ph l 4%. Th lng dchng a vo ln men l 102,55 : (1-0,04) =106,82 lt + Tn tht trong qu trnh lnh nhanh l 0,5% Th lng dich nga vo lm lnh l : 106,82 : (1-0,005) = 107,36 lt + Tn tht trong qu trnh lng xoy l 2,5%. Th lng dch vo lngxoy l : 107,36 : (1-0,025) = 110,11 lt + Khi lm lnh th th tch dch ng b co li 4% th tch d c h ng 1000C trc khi vo lng xoy v lm lnh l : 110,11 : (1 0,04) = 114,70 lt + Dch ng 100Bx 200C c khi lng ring d = 1,039 kg/lt . Vy khi lng dich ng sau qu trnh un hoa (tnh 200C) l: 114,70 x 1,039 = 119,17 kg + Lng cht chit c trong dch ng 100Bx l: 119,17 x 0,10 = 11,92 kg + Lng tn tht cht chit trong qu trnh nu, ng ho, lc l 1,5% th lng cht chit cn thit l: 11,92 x (1- 0,015) = 12,10 kg
3.2. Tnh lng nguyn liu cho 100 lt bia hi 100Bx Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
* Malt : - T l s dng : 70% nguyn liu - Malt c m : 5% - H s ho tan : 75% - Tn tht do nghin : 0,5% * Go : - T l s dng : 30% nguyn liu - Go c m : 14% - H s ho tan : 85% - Tn tht do nghin : 0,5% Gi lng malt cn dng l M kg. Lng cht chit thu c t M kg malt l : M x (1-0,05) x 0,75 x (1-0,005) = 0,709M Lng go cn dng l : 3/7M Lng cht chit thu c t go l : M x 3/7 x (1-0,14) x 0,995 x 0,85 = 0,312M Tng lng cht chit l : 0,709M + 0,312M = 1,02M = 12,10 kg Lng malt cn dng l : M =12,10 : 1,02 = 11,86kg Lng go cn dng l : 11,86 x 3/7 = 5,08 kg
3.3. Tnh lng men ging
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Lng men ging nui cy c tip vo trc khi ln men chnh bng 10% so vi lng dch a vo ln men : 106,82 x 0,1 =10,68 lt Lng men sa cn dng bng 1% so vi lng dch a vo ln men : 106,82 x 0,01 =1,068 lt 3.4. Tnh lng b malt v go Tng lng cht kh ca malt v go l : 11,86 x 0,995 x 0,95 + 5,08 x 0,995 x0,86 = 15,56 kg Tng lng b kh bng tng lng cht kh go v malt tr tng lng cht chit go v malt : Tnh lng b m m ca b l 80%, lng b m l : 3,46 : (1 - 0,80) = 17,3 kg Lng nc trong b l :17,3 3,46 = 13,84 3.5. Tnh lng nc dng cho qu trnh nu v ra b. 3.5.1. Tnh lng nc dng cho ni h ho: T l malt lt l 10% so vi khi lng go Vy lng nguynliu i vo ni h ho l : 5,08 + 5,08 x 0,1= 5,588 kg T l (Go + malt lt) : nc = 1 : 5. Suy ra lng nc trong ni h ho l : 5,588 x 5 = 27,94 kg Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu em vo ni h ho: 5,08 x 0,995 x 0,14 + 0,508 x 0,05 x 0,995 = 0,733 kg Vy tng lng nc + bt cho vo ni h ho. 15,56 12,10 = 3,46 kg
Lp H Thc phm 2A
6 x (5,08 x 0,995 + 0,508 x 0,995) = 33,36 kg Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi 5% vy lng dch cn li trong ni h ho l : 33,36 x 0,95 = 31,69 lt 3.5.2. Lng nc trong ni ng ho Lng nguyn liu cho vo ni malt l : 11,86 0,508 = 11,35 kg T l bt vi nc l 1 : 5. Vy lng nc cn cho ni ng ho l : 11,35 x 5 = 56,75 lt Tng lng nc cho vo ni h ho v ng ho l : 27,94 + 56,75 = 84,69 lt Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu l : 11,35 x 0,05 x 0,995 = 0,56 kg Khi ng ho a ton b dch ni h ho sang, khi tng lng dch trong ni ng ho l : 11,35 x 6 + 31,69 = 99,79 kg K h i k t t h c q u t r n h n g h o t h l n g n c b a y h i 4 % , vy lng dch cn li trong ni ng ho l : 99,79 x 0,96 = 95,80 kg Lng nc trong dch sai khi un hoa (dch ng 100Bx) l 110,11 x (1 0,10) = 99,1 kg Khi un hoa lng nc bay hi 10% nn lng nc khi un hoa l: 99,1 : 0,9 = 110,11 kg
Tnh lng nc ra b :
Lp H Thc phm 2A
V0 + V5 =V4 + V3 V0 : Lng nc trc khi lc (lt) V5 : Lng nc ra b(lt) V4 : Lng nc trong b (lt) V3 : Lng nc trong dch nu hoa ( lt) Vy V5 =V4 + V3 - V0 V5 = 13,84 + 110,11 80,24 = 43,71 lt 3.6. Tnh cc nguyn liu khc: 3.6.1. Tnh lng hoa houblon: Bia hi chn ng 18Bu. Theo nh ngha 1Bu = 1mg cht ng/1 lt bia. Vy 114,7 lt dch ng sau khi un hoa c ng 18Bu c lng cht ng 18 x 114,7 = 2064,6 mg cht ng. V hiu sut chit cht ng l 30%, nn lng cht ng ban u cn dng l : 2064,6 : 30% = 6886 mg cht ng S dng 60% hoa vin 40% cao hoa. Nn lng cht ng t hoa vin l : 6882 x 60% = 4129,2mg Lng cht ng t cao hoa l 6882 4129,2 = 2752,8mg. Chn hoa vin 5% - axit ng v hoa vin 8% - axit ng t l l 50 : 50 . Vy lng hoa vin 5% - axit ng cn dng l : 4129,2 x 50% : 5% = 41,3g Lng hoa vin 8% - axit ng cn dung l: 4129,2 x 50% : 8% = 25807,5 mg = 28,5g Chn cao hoa 30% - axit ng , lng cao hoa cn dung l : 2752,8 : 30% = 9176 mg = 9,18
3.6.2 Tnh lng enzyme Termamyl 120L: Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
S dng lng enzyme Termamyl 120L vi t l 0,1% so vi tng lng go, vy lng enzym s dng l : 5,08 x 0,001 = 0,00508kg = 5,08g 3.6.3. Tnh lng bt tr lc (diatomit); Lng bt tr lc tu thuc vo thit b v b mt lc, thng thng c 1000lt bia cn 0,7kg bt tr lc. Vy 100lt bia cn 0,07kg bt tr lc. 3.7. Tnh cc sn phm ph 3.7.1.Tnh lng b hoa houblon: Cht kh khng ho tan trong hoa vin l 60%, m ca bhoa l 80% .Vy khi lng b hoa l : 3,6 : (1 0,8) = 18g 3.7.2. Tnh lng cn: C 100kg nguyn liu th c 1,75 kg cn lng c m 80%. Nguyn liu sn xut 100 lt bia l : 11,86 + 5,08 = 16,94 kg Vy cn lng c m 80% s l : 16,94/100 x 1,75 = 0,3 kg. 3.7.3. Tnh lng sa men: C 100 lt bia cho 2 lt sa men c m 85% . Trong lng sa men c ti s dng l 1% so vi dch a vo ln men l 1,068 lt sa men. Phn cn li lm thc n gia sc chim : 2 1,068 = 0,932 lt. 3.7.4. Tnh lng CO2 Theo phng trnh ln men : C12H22O11 + H2O = 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 C 342g Mantoza to thnh 176g CO2 Dch ng 100Bx c d = 1,039 kg/lt: Lng dch ng a vo ln men l :106,82 lt Vy khi lng dch ng a vo ln men l : 106,82 x 1,039 = 110,98 kg Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Lng cht chit trong dch ln men l : (nng 100Bx ) 110,98 x 0,1 = 11,098 kg Coi ton b lng ng c trong dch l Maltoza v hiu sut ln men l 55%. Lng CO2 thu c l : 11,098 x 0,55 x (176/342) = 3,14 kg Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia (2g CO2 /1lt bia non ) l : 102,6 x 0,002 = 0,205 kg Lng CO2 thot ra l : 3,14 0,205 = 2,94 kg 200C, 1at th 1 m3 CO2 cn nng 1,832 kg. Do th tch kh bay ra l 2,94 : 1,832 = 1,605 m3 Lng CO2 bo ho thm t 3,5g/lt bia l : 101,01 x 0,0035 - 101,52 x 0,002 =0,15 kg Th tch CO2 bo ho thm : 0,15 : 1,832 = 0,082 m3
LP K HOCH SN XUT
Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Phn xng sn xut c thit k vi nng xut 3 triu lt/nm. Mi nm gi thit nh my ch sn xut trong 300 ngy, nhng ngy cn li l thi gian sa cha bo dng thit b, my mc v v sinh nh xng . . . Mt nm l 4 qu, mi qu 3 thng, mi thng c 25 ngy sn xut. Do nc ta nm trong khu vc k hu nhit i, c bit l cc tnh pha bc nn thi tit cc ma trong nm rt khc nhau v vy m nhu cu tiu th biacng khc nhau. Ma h tri nng bc nn lng bia tiu th nhiu hn ma ng. Do s khc nhau v nhu cu s dng bia gia cc ma nn nh my cnlp k hoch sn xut hp l t hiu qu cao
Bng k hoch sn xut ca nh my

Qu Phn trm nng sut Tng nng sut d kin (triu lt) I 20% 0,6 II 30% 0,9 III 30% 0.9 IV 20% 0,6
Qu II v qu III c sn lng bia sn xut ln nht. N h v y k h i t n h ton thit b ta tnh theo qu c sn lng ln nht. Vy sn lng bia trong thng cao nht l: 900.000 : 3 = 300.000 lt Sn lng bia theo ngy cao nht l : 300.000 : 25 = 12 000 lt Mi ngy sn xut 4 m nu, vy sn lng cao nht mi m nu l : 12.000 : 4 = 3000 lt
Bng cn bng sn phm cho bia hi 100Bx

Stt
Sn phm Malt
v kg
100l 11,86
3000l( m) 355,8
12000l( 3triu(1 ngy) 1423 nm) 355800
Lp H Thc phm 2A
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Go Hoa vin 8% Hoa vin 5% Cao hoa Nc vo ni h ho Nc vo ng ho Nc ra b Bt tr lc B m B hoa Cn lng Sa men thu hi CO2 thu hi CO2 b xung Termamyl 120L Men ging Men sa ti s dng Dch ng vo lng Dch ng ln men Bia trc lc Bia sau lc Bia bo ho CO2
kg g g g l l l kg kg g kg l m3 m3 g l l l l l l l
5,08 41,3 25,8 9,18 27,94 56,75 43,71 0,07 17,3 18 0,3 1,08 1,12 0,082 5,08 10,68 106,8 114,7 106,8 102,6 101,5 100
152,4 1239 774 275,4 383,2 1702,5 1311,3 2,1 519 540 9 32,4 33,6 2,46 152,4 320,4 32,04 3441 3204,6 3076,5 3045,6 3000
609,5 4956 3096 1101,6 3353 6810 5245 8,4 2076 2160 36 129,6 134,4 9,84 609,6 1281,6 128,16 13764 12816 12312 12180 12000
152400 1239000 774000 275400 383200 1702500 1311300 2100 519000 540000 9000 32400 33600 2460 152400 320400 32040 3441000 3204600 3076500 3045600 3 triu lt
Lp H Thc phm 2A
PHN IV : TNH V CHN THIT B

Vic tnh ton v chn thit b trong qu trnh sn xut phi m bo nguyn tc l p ng c yu cu v nng sut ca nh my cng nh v kinh t. Cc my mc
Lp H Thc phm 2A
p ng c nng sut t ra, tc l thit b phi c tnh ton theo lng nguyn liu nhiu nht ca mt m nu. 4.1. Tnh thit b trong phn xng : 4.1.1. Cn nguyn liu: Lng nguyn liu dng cho sn xut mt m nu : - Malt : 355,8 kg - Go : 152,4 kg - Hoa hublon: Hoa vin 5% : 774g Hoa vin 8% : 1239g Hoa cao : 275,4g Lng nc cho vo ni h ho :838,2 lt Lng nc cho vo ni ng ho: 1702,5 lt Lng nc ra b :1311,3 lt Lng men ging : 320,4 lt Lng nguyn liu dung sn xut trong ngy cao nht : Malt : 1423kg Go : 609,5 kg Nguyn liu cn theo tng m, tng loi ring bit nn ta chn cn cho ton b dy chuyn. Trong thc t, malt v go c ng sn trong cc bao ti 50kg. Do , khi s dng nguyn liu ta c th tnh theo u bao v chn m cn ln nht l 1000 kg vi sai s 0,5 kg. Kch thc cn di x rng x cao = 1000 x 800 x 1650. 4.1.2. Thng cha bt go: Mt tn go chim th tch 0,75m3 , mt tn malt chim th tch 1,3 m3
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Lng go v malt lt cn dung trong mt ca l (trong qu trnh nghin tn tht l 0,5 % Go : Malt lt : (609,5 x 0,995)/2 = 303,22 kg (60,95 x 0,995)/2 = 30,32 kg
Vy th tch nguyn liu trong thng cha go trong mt ca sn xut l: ( 303,22 x 0,75)/1000 + ( 30,32 x 1,3)/ 1000 = 0, 266 m3 H s cha y l 0,85. Vy th tch thc ca thng cha bt go l : 0,266 : 0,85 = 0,313 m3 Chn thng hnh tr y cn. Th tch ca thng c th c tnh theo cng thc : Vthng = HD2/4 + ( hD2 ) /3,4 Trong : D : ng knh tr ca thng (m) H : chiu cao thng (m), chn H = 0,8D gc y cn, chn = 450 h : chiu cao phn cn (m), h = D.tg = 0,5D Do Vthng = 0,759D3 = 0,313 m3 Vy D = 0,744m chn D= 0,8m Ta c : H = 0,8D = 0,64m, h = 0,5D =0,4m Chn thng cha bt go c cc thng s sau :
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Th tch : Chiu cao phn tr : Chiu cao phn cn : S lng :
0,313m3 0,64m 0,4m 1 chic
ng knh phn tr thng : 0,8 m
4.1.3. Thng cha malt nghin: Mt tn malt chim th tch 1,3m 3 . Lng malt cn dung trong mt ca l (trong qu trnh nghin tn tht 0,5%) (1423 x 0,995)/2 30,32 = 677,62 kg Vy th tch nguyn liu trong thng cha trong mt ca sn xut l : ( 677,62 x 1,3)/1000 = 0,88 m3
Lp H Thc phm 2A
H s cha y l 0,85. Vy th tch thc ca thng cha bt l : 0,88: 0,85 =1, 04 m3 Chn thng hnh tr y cn. Th tch ca thng c th c tnh theo cng thc : Vthng = HD2/4 + ( hD2 ) /3,4 Trong : D : ng knh tr ca thng (m) H : chiu cao thng (m), chn H = 0,8D gc y cn, chn = 450 h : chiu cao phn cn (m), h = D.tg = 0,5D Do Vthng = 0,759D3 = 1,04 m3 Vy D = 1,11 m chn D= 1,2m Ta c : H = 0,8D = 0.96m , h = 0,5D =0,6m Chn thng cha bt go c cc thng s sau :
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Th tch : Chiu cao phn tr : Chiu cao phn cn : S lng :
1,04m3 0,96m 0,6m 1 chic
ng knh phn tr thng : 1,2 m
4.1.4. My nghin malt: Chn my nghin 2 b trc 1 sng Lng malt ti a cho mt ngy sn xut ( 4 m ) l :1423 kg Mi ngy lm 2 ca, mi ca 4 gi, h s s dng l 0,75 Vy lng malt cn nghin trong 1 gi l : 1423/ (4x2x0,75) = 237,17 kg/h Chn my nghin c c tnh sau : Nng sut : 1000 kg/h Chn 1 my :
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Kch thc : 1500 x 1000 x 1500mm ng knh trc : 250mm Cng sut ng c : 2Kw Mc my : COKAM
Lp H Thc phm 2A
n -
Xut x : CHLB c
4.1.5. My nghin go Chn my nghin ba Lng go ti a cn nghin cho mt ngy sn xut (4 m) l :609,5kg v lng malt lt 10% l 60,95kg Tng lng nguyn liu cn dng l : 609,5 + 60,95 = 670,45 kg Mi ngy lm 2 ca, mi ca 4h, h s s dng l 0,7 Vy lng go cn nghin trong 1 gi l : 670,45/( 4x2x0,7) = 119.72 kg/h Vy ta chn my nghin ba nghin go c cc c tnh sau : Nng sut l : 500 kg/h S lng l : 1 chic
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Kch thc : 1000 x 1000 x 1500mm Kch thc bung nghin : di x rng = 300 x 185mm Cng sut ng c : 5,4Kw S ba : 72 Mc my : MM 03 Xut x : Nga
4.1.6. H thng vn chuyn nguyn liu Dng gu ti vn chuyn ln cao theo phng thng ng. Gu ti lm vic 4m/ngy. Mi m lm vic 1h, h s s dng ca thit b l 0,7 . Lng malt cn vn chuyn ln hn lng go. Ta ch nng sut gu ti theo lng malt cn vn chuyn. Lng malt cn vn chuyn trong 1 m l : 355,8 kg Nng sut gu ti tnh theo tng m l : 355,8 :0,7 = 508.29 kg/h Chn gu ti c nng sut 2 tn : Kch thc : di x rng = 1000 x 1500mm 4.1.7. Ni h ha; Tnh kch thc ni
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Lng go s dng cho mt m nu ln nht l : 152,4 kg khi nghin tn tht 0,5%. Vy lng go cn li trong ni nu l : 152,4 x ( 1 - 0,005 ) = 151,38 kg Lng malt lt cho vo l 10% so vi go. Vy lng malt lt cho vo ni l : 151,38 x 0,1 =15,138 kg Tng lng nguyn liu cho vo ni h ha : 151,38 + 15,138 = 166,518 kg Tng lng dch c trong ni h ha ( t l nguyn liu/nc = 1 / 5 ) : 166,518 x6 = 999,108 kg Khi lng ring ca dch cho l d = 1,08 kg/l. Vy th tch thc ca ni h ha l: 999,108 / 1,08 = 925,1 lt = 0.93 m3 H s s dng ni l 75% . Vy th tch thc ca ni l : Vthc = 0,93/ 0,75 = 1,24 m3 Da vo th tch thc ca ni ta chn ni h ha l thit b hai v, thn hnh tr, ng knh D(m), chiu cao H, y v np hnh chm cu c chiu cao h1 , h2 . Thng c ch to bng thp khng g. Pha di y c b tr cnh khuy tng ng, lm sao cnh khuy lun hot ng tt khuy chn u khng lng xung y, trnh gy chy. Th tch ca ni c tnh theo cng thc sau : Th tch ni V = V( Tr) + V( y) + V( nh) = 0.613D3 Chn : H = 0,6D ( chiu cao phn tr ) h1 = 0,2D ( chiu cao phn y )
h2 = 0,15D ( chiu cao phn nh ) Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc ta c : Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
0,613 D3 = 1,24 m3 Suy ra : D = 1,26 m H = 0,756 m h1 = 0,252m h2 = 0,189 m Gi H1 l chiu cao ca lp v cch nhit bn ngoi : H1 = 0,8H = 0,8 x 0,756 = 0.6 m Khong cch t ng knh trong ra ng knh ngoi, hay khong cch gia 2 lp v l 0,05m suy ra ng knh ngoi ca thit b ni h ha l : D ng = 1,26+ 0,05 x 2 =1,36 m Din tch truyn nhit Chn h s an ton l 1,2. Vy din tch b mt truyn nhit : Ftn = 0,53 x 1,2 = 0,636 m2 Vy ta chn ni h ha c cc thng s sau : -Dung tch hu ch: -Dung tch thc t: -ng knh trong: -ng knh ngoi: -Chiu cao thn tr: -Chiu cao phn y: -Chiu cao phn nh: -B dy ca thp ch to: -Din tch truyn nhit: 4.1.8. Ni ng ha: Tnh kch thc ni Lng dch cho bm sang ni ng ha l : 999,108 kg Lng malt dng trong mt m nu ln nht l : 355,8 kg L n g m a l t l t s d n g t r o n g q u t r n h h h o l 1 0 % s o v i lng go. Khi nghin tn tht l 0,5% . Vy lng malt a vo ni ng ho l : ( 355,8 15,24) x 0,995 = 338,86 kg Lng malt v nc c trong ni ng ha ( t l malt / nc = 1/ 5 ) l : 338,86 x 6 = 2033,16 kg 0.93 m3 1,24 m3 1,26 m 1,36 m 0,756m 0,252m 0,189m 3mm 0,636 m2
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Khi lng ca ton b hn hp c trong ni ng ho l : 2033,16 + 999,108 = 3032.27 kg K h i l n g r i n g c a d c h c h o l d = 1 , 0 8 k g / l . V y t h t c h dch bt l : 3032.27 : 1,08 = 2807,66 lt = 2,81 m3 H s s dng ni ng ho l 0,8. Vy th tch ni ng ho l : Vthc = 2,81 : 0,8 = 3,51 m3 Da vo th tch thc ca ni ta chn ni ng ha l thit b hai v, thn hnh tr, ng knh D, chiu cao H, y v np hnh chm cu c chiu h1 , h2 . Thng c ch to bng thp khng g. Pha di y c b tr cnh khuy tng ng, lm sao cnh khuy lun hot ng tt khuy chn u khng lng xung y, trnh gy chy. Th tch ca ni c tnh theo cng thc sau : Th tch ni V = V( Tr) + V( y) + V( nh) = 0.613D3 Chn : H = 0,6D ( chiu cao phn tr ) h1 = 0,2D ( chiu cao phn y ) h2 = 0,15D ( chiu cao phn nh )
Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc ta c : 0,613 D3 = 3,51m3 Suy ra : D = 1,78 m H = 1,07 m h1 = 0,36m h2 = 0,27 m
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Khong cch t ng knh trong ra ng knh ngoi, hay khong cch gia hai lp v l 0,05 suy ra ng knh ngoi ca thit b ni ng ha l : Dn = 1,78 + 0,05x 2= 1,88 m Gi H1 l chiu cao ca lp bo n : H1 = 0,8H= 0,8x 1,07 = 0.86 m Vy ta chn ni ng ha c cc thng s sau : Dung tch hu ch: Dung tch thc t: ng knh trong: ng knh ngoi: Chiu cao thn tr: Chiu cao phn y: Chiu cao phn nh : B dy ca thp ch to : 2,81m3 3,52m3 1,78m 1,88m 1,07m 0,36m 0,27m 3mm
4.1.9. Thng lc b (y bng) qu trnh lc din ra bnh thng th chiu cao ca lp b lc ch c cho php cao 0,4 - 0,6 m. Trong thit b ny ta chn chiu cao lp b lc l 0,5 m. Lng b m trong mt m nu l : 519 kg Ta bit c khong 75 kg b chim th tch 100 lt. Vy th tch khi b l : V = 519 x 100/75 = 692 lt = 0,70 m3
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Th tch khi b :
Vb = Hb x D2/4 Trong : Hb l chiu cao khi b D l ng knh thng lc Chn chiu cao ca b l 0,4 m. Din tch y thng lc b l : S = Vb/ Hb = D2/4 = 0,70 / 0,4 = 1,75 m2 Suy ra ng knh thng lc l : D = (4xS/ )1/2 = 1,49 m Chn D = 1,5m , Dn = 1,6m Trong qu trnh ng ha tn tht 4% lng dch ng nn lng dch ng sau ng ha l : Vdh = 2,81 x 0,96 = 2,69 m3
Chiu cao ca khi dch trong thng l : Hd = Vhd/ S = 2,69/ 1,75= 1,54m Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
H s s dng thng lc l 0,8. Vy chiu cao thc ca thng l : H = 1,54: 0,8 =1.93m Chiu cao ca phn khng cha dch : H2 = H Hd = 1,93 - 1,54 = 0,39m Chiu cao phn chm cu : H3 = 0,15D = Dung tch thng lc : V= D2H/4 = 3,14x 1,52 x1,93/4 = 3,4 m3 H s s dng thng lc l 0,7nn th tch thc ca thng l : 3,4 : 0,7 = 4,8 m3 Chn thng lc c cc c im sau : + Yu cu chung : Lm vic ch khng c p lc, m bo lc trong, nhanh, tt c cc b phn ca ni lc c ch to bng Inox. + Cc thng s k thut ca thng lc : S lng thng : Dung tch hu ch Dung tch thc t Din tch b mt lc ng knh Chiu cao phn tr Chiu cao phn nh Chiu dy vt liu ch to 1 3,4m3 4,8 m3 1,75 m2 D = 1,5m H = 1,93m h = 0,225m 3mm 0,15x1,5 = 0,225 m
4.1.10.Thng cha b malt v go; Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Th tch b ca 1 m nu :0,519m3 H s y : 0,9 Vy th tch thng cha b : V = 0,519 : 0,9 = 0,58m3 Da vo th tch thc ca thng ta chn thng thn tr, y nn, thit b lm bng thp khng r. chn H = 1,5D; h = 0,3 D Th tch thng c tnh theo cng thc : Vt = D2 x H/4 + 1/3(D2 x h/4) = 1,256D3 = 0,58 m3 Suy ra D = 0,77 chn D = 0,8 m Chiu cao tr H= 1,5D= 1,2m
Chiu cao y nn h= 0,3D= 0,24m ng knh thng dy thit b 0,8m 5 mm,
Thit b c 4 chn khung gia c , chiu cao y cch mt t 1 m, van x b c ng knh 250mm. 4.1.11. Ni nu hoa: Tnh kch thc ni Th tch dch ng sau khi un hoa trong mt m nu : 3441 lt Lng bay hi trong qu trnh nu hoa l : 10% Do vy th tch dch ng trong ni nu hoa trc khi un : V = 3441: (1-0,1) = 3823,33 lt= 3,82 m3 H s s dng ni l 0,7. Th tch thc ca ni l : V = 3,824: 0,7 = 5,46 m3
Da vo th tch thc ca ni ta chn ni nu hoa l thit b hai v, thn hnh tr, ng knh D(m), chiu cao H(m), y v np hnh chm cu c chiu cao h1, h2 Thng c ch to bng thp khng g c chiu dy 3 mm. Pha trn ni c ng thot hi ng knh d. Pha di y c b tr cnh khuy tng ng, lm sao Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
cnh khuy lun hot ng tt khuy chn u khng lng xung y, trnh gy chy. Th tch ca ni c tnh theo cng thc sau : Vt = Vtr + Vy + Vnh
Vthc = HD2/ 4 + h1 [h12 + 3(D/2)2] /6 + h2 [h22 + 3(D/2)2] /6 Chn : H = 0,6D ( chiu cao phn tr ) h1 = 0,2D ( chiu cao phn y ) h2 = 0,15D ( chiu cao phn nh ) Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc ta c : 0,77D3 = 5,46 Suy ra D= 1,92m H = 0,6D = 1,15m h1 = 0,2D = 0.39m h2 = 0,15D = 0,29m Gi H1 l chiu cao lp v cch nhit : H1 = 0,8H = 0,8 x 1,15 = 0,92 m Khong cch t ng knh trong ra ng knh ngoi, hay khong cch gia 2 lp v l 0,1m suy ra ng knh ngoi ca thit b ni h ha l : Dn= 1,92 + 2x0,05= 2,02m ng thot hi : ng knh ng : D0 = 0,1D = 0,192m Vy ta chn ni nu hoa c cc c tnh sau : S lng ni: Dung tch hu ch: 1 3,82 m3
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Dung tch thc t : ng knh trong : ng knh ngoi: Chiu cao thn tr: Chiu cao phn y: Chiu cao phn nh: B dy ca thp ch to: ng knh ng truyn nhit: 4.1.12. Thng lng xoy
5,46 m3 1,92 m 2,02 m 1,15 m 0,39 m 0,29 m 3 mm 50mm
Thng lng xoy thc cht l khi tr rng vi dc y nh (2%), chn t l ng knh v chiu cao khi dch l 3/1. Thng c y bng nh cu c lm bng Inox. ng bm dch vo nm cao bng 1/3 chiu cao khi dch k t y, m bo to dng xoy ti u cng nh hn ch vic ha tan Oxy vo dch. Dch s c ly ra qua l t st thnh ni pha dc nht. Lng dch ng a vo lng xoy mt m nu l : 3441 lt H s s dng l 70%.Th tch thc ca thng lng xoy l : V = 3441: 0,7 =4915,71 lt= 4,92m3 Th tch thng lng xoy theo cng thc: V= HD2/ 4 + D2 h/4.1/3
Chn H = 0,6D ( chiu cao phn tr )
Lp H Thc phm 2A
h = 0,15D ( chiu cao phn nh ) Thay cc gi tr trn vo cng thc ta c : V = 0,532.D3 = 4,92 Suy ra : D= 2,10m , Dn = 2,2m , H= 1,26m, h = 0,315m Chn thit b c cc c tnh sau : Yu cu chung : Thit b lm vic ch khng c p lc, m bo lng tch ton b cn. Cc b phn u c ch to bng Inox Cc thng s k thut ca thng lng xoy : S lng thng: Dung tch hu ch : Dung thch thc t: ng knh trong: Chiu cao thn tr : Chiu cao phn nh: B dy ca thp ch to:
4.1.13. Thit b lm lnh nhanh
1 3,441 m3 4,92 m3 2,1m 1,26m 0,315m 3mm
Ta chn thit b lm lnh nhanh dch ng kiu bn 1 cp, tc nhn lm lnh l nc 20C h nhit ca dch ng xung nhit ln men. Lng dch ng a vo my lnh nhanh trong mt m : 3441 lt Thi gian lm lnh nhanh l 1gi/m, hiu sut ca thit b l 70%. Nng sut ca my lnh nhanh l : N = 3,44 : (0,7x1)= 4,91 m3/h Chn thit b lm lnh nhanh c c tnh k thut sau : c nng sut 10m 3/h . Nhit u vo ca dch l 900C , nhit u ra ca dch l 100C.Nc lm lnh vo c nhit 20C , ra c nhit l 850C. 4.14. Thng nc nng Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Thng nc nng c th tch cha lng nc nng ra b, hm nng ni lc, thng lng xoy, v sinh thit b v lng nc nng sau lnh nhanh c bm vo thng nc nng dung cho m nu sau. Lng nc ra b dng cho mi m nu l : 1311,3 lt Nc nng cn dung v sinh thit b sau mi m nu : Thng lc cn 300 lt. Ni nu hoa cn 300 lt. Ni h ho cn 300 lt Ni ng ho cn 300 lt Vy lng nc nng cn dung cho mt m nu : 1311,3 +4x300= 2511,3 lt H s s dng ca thng l 80%. Vy th tch thc ca thng cn : 2511,3 : 0,8 = 3139,12 lt = 3,14 m3 Da vo th tch thc ca thng ta chn thng nc nng l thit b hai v thn tr, nh cu, y chp, ton b c lm bng Inox c chiu dy l 3 mm. Th tch ni c tnh theo cng thc : Vt = Vtr + Vy + Vnh
V= D2 H/4 + h1/6 x (h12 + 3r2 ) + h2 /6 x ( h2 + 3r2 )
Chn : H = 0,6D ( H l chiu cao phn tr ) h2 = 0,1D ( chiu cao phn nh ) h1 = 0,15D ( chiu cao phn y ) Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc ta c : V = 0,98D3 = 3,14 Suy ra D = 1,47 m , h1= 0,22m, h2 = 0,147m, h= 0,882m ng knh ngoi ca thit b :D n = 1,47 + 2x0,5= 1,57m 4.1.15. H thng CIP H thng CIP gm 3 thng : + Mt thng cha nc nng. + Mt thng cha xt (NaOH ) + Mt thng cha cht st trng Cc thng lm vic ch khng p lc, tt c u c ch to bng Inox. Thit b c thit k l dng thn hnh tr, y v np hnh chm cu, c cc van vo ra ca dch, ca v sinh v a ho cht vo. Mi m nu cn lng cht lng Cip bng 5% th tch thit b. Ta ly ni nu hoa lm chun tnh h thng Cip. Th tch ca ni nu hoa : 5,46 m3 H s s dng ca cc thng Cip : 0,85 Vy th tch mi thng Cip : V = ( 5,46 x 0,05) : 0,85 = 0,32m3 Chn th tch thc mi thng Cip l 1m3 Th tch thng Cip c tnh theo cng thc : Vt = Vtr + Vy + Vnh
V= D2 H/4 + h1/6 x (h12 + 3r2 ) + h2 /6 x ( h2 + 3r2 ) Chn :
Lp H Thc phm 2A
H = 01,2D ( H l chiu cao phn tr ) h2 = 0,15D ( chiu cao phn nh ) h1 = 0,15D ( chiu cao phn y ) Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc ta c : V = 1,06 D3 = 1 Thn thng dng tr c D =0,94,Dn = 1,04m; H= 1,13 m. y v nh thng c chiu cao h = 0,14 m 4.2. H thng thit b phn xng ln men 4.2.1. Thit b ln men chnh Thit b ln men chnh l tank ln men c thit k c th cha ton b lng dch ln men trong mt ngy.
Lng dch ng vo ln men trong 1 ngy l : 106,8 x 12000/100 = 19296 lt = 19, 296 m3 Th tch men ging vo thng ln men : 0,1 x 19,296 = 1,9296 m3 Vy tng th tch dch vo ln men l : 19,296 + 1,9296 = 21, 2256 m3
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Tank ln men c cu to thn tr y cn c :
ng knh l D Chiu cao phn tr c cha dch l h2 (m) Chiu cao phn tr khng cha dch l h3 (m) Chiu cao phn cn l h1 (m) Chiu cao phn np l h4 (m) Chn y cn c gc l 600 Th tch hu ch ca thng ln men = th tch dch ln men dng cho sn xut bia trong 1 ngy = Vdch = 21.22 m3 Chn Vtrng = 0,3Vdch = 0,3 x 21,22= 6,37 m3 Vi 20m3< 21,22m3<50m3 . Ta chn h2/D = 1,5 , h1= 0,886D , h4 = 0,1 D Th tch dch ln men : Vdch= 1,404D3 = 21,22 suy ra D = 2,47 m3 Phn hnh tr trng c th tch bng 30% th tch dch ln men, tc l : h3= 4. Vtrng / ( D2)= 1,3 m th tch thng ln men bng V = V dch + Vtrng= 21,22 + 6,37 = 27,59 m3 Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Chn tank ln men c ng knh l D = 2,5m , Dn = 2,7 m Vy th tch thc ca tank ln men l : Vt = 1,404D3 + 0,3 x1,404D3 =27,586 m3 Vy h2= 1,5D = 3,75m h1= 0,886D= 2,22m h4= 0,1D = 0,25m H = h1 + h2 + h3+ h4 = 2,22 + 3,75 + 1,3 + 0,25 = 7,52 m Tnh s tank ln men: Thi gian ln men chnh : 6 ngy Thi gian ln men ph : 12 ngy Thi gian v sinh thit b : 1 ngy C thm 1 ngy d tr Vy tng s tank ln men cn thit l : 6+12+1+1= 20tank Chn tank ln men c cc c tnh sau : Chn tank ln men ch to t Inox dy 3mm ring vnh tank lm bng thp ko g. Tank lm vic p sut < 1,1 bar, p sut th ca o lnh glycol ca tank l 6 bar. Din tch b mt truyn nhit phi m bo h 12C trong 24 gi. Tank c dng thn tr, y cn, np chm cu. Ton b thng c t trn b b tng t ngoi tri, khong cch t y thit b n mt t l 1,4m. Mi tank u c trang b h thng lm lnh, lp bo n dy 90mm, ring phn chm v phn ca v sinh khng cn bo n, vt liu bo n l polyurethan, c cc rle nhit t ng, rle p, van ly mu, van an ton , ng h o p lc , ng h o nhit , h thng Cip, h thng thu hi CO2 , van x y Din tch lm lnh ca tank ln men cn : 1-1,5m2/ m3 dch . vy din tch truyn nhit cho mi tank l 1,25 x 21,22=26,53m2 Din tch truyn nhit c chia lm 3 khoang : 2 khoang thn thit b, 1 khoang phn y cn. Thng s k thut: Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
n -
S lng tank ln men : 20 tank Dung tch thc t : 27,586 m3 ng knh ngoi : 2,7m Chiu cao h1=2,22 :h2= 3,75: h3 = 1,3; h4= 0,25m
4.2.2. Thng nhn ging cp 2: Th tch hu ch ca thng gy men ging cp 2 bng 1/10 th tch dch vo ln men v bng : Chn : h2= D, h1=h4=0,1D V dch = Vtr cha dch + V y = 0, 825D3 = 2, 76 Suy ra D = 1,49 m , chn D = 1,5 h2= 1,5m, h1=h4=0,15m Phn hnh tr trng c th tch Phn hnh tr trng c th tch tc l: Vtrng= 0,3 x2,76 = 0,83 m3 Vy h3 = Vtrng/ ( D2/4) = 0,46 m vy chiu cao th tch thng ln men ging cp 2 l : H = 0,15+ 1,5+ 0,46+ 0,15= 2,26m Th tch thc ca thng nhn ging cp 2 l 2,76 + 0,46= 3,22 m3 Chn thng nhn ging cp 2 c cc c tnh sau : Chn thit nhn men ging cp 2 l thng hnh tr, y cn, nh cu lm bng Inox dy 10mm, c lp o lnh v lp bo n dy 90mm. C trang b hthng sc kh, van an ton, nhit k, knh quan st. Lm vic ch khng cp lc, tc gia nhit khi dch t 1 - 1,5C/ pht. Din tch lm lnh cn 1-1,5m2/m3 dch, vy b mt trao i nhit cn thit l 1,5x 2,76= 4,14m2 Thng s k thut S lng thng gy men ging cp 2 : 1 thng Dung tch thc t: 3,22m3 ng knh 1,7m Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A 0,1 x 27,586=2,76m3
4.2.3. Thng nhn ging cp 1 Th tch hu ch ca thng gy men ging cp 1 bng 1/5 th tch dch vo lnmen ging cp 2 v bng : 1/5 x2,76= 0,55m3 Chn : h2= D, h1=h4=0,1D V dch = Vtr cha dch + V y = 0, 825D3 =0,55 Suy ra D = 0,87m , chn D = 0,9m h2= 0,9 h1=h4=0,09 Phn hnh tr trng c th tch bng 30% th tch dch tc l: Vtrng= 0,3 x 0,55= 0,165m3 Vy h3 = Vtrng/ ( D2/4) = 0,26m Vy chiu cao ca thng ln men ging cp 1 l: H =0,09+0,9+0,26+0,09= 1,34m3 Th tch thc thng ln men ging cp 1 l 0,165+ 0,55= 0,715m3 Chn thng nhn ging cp 1 c cc c tnh sau : Chn thit nhn men ging cp 1 l thng hnh tr, y cn, nh cu lm bng Inox dy 10mm, c lp o lnh v lp bo n dy 90mm. C trang b hthng sc kh, van an ton, nhit k, knh quan st. Lm vic ch khng cp lc, tc gia nhit khi dch t 1 - 1,5C/ pht Din tch lm lnh cn 1-1,5m2/m3 dch, vy b mt trao i nhit cn thit l 1,5 x 0.715=1.07m2 Thng s k thut S lng thng gy men ging cp 1 : 1 thng Dung tch thc t : 0,715m3 ng knh : Dn=1,2m 4.2.4. Thit b x l men sa: Lng men sa thu hi : c 100 lt bia thu hi 2 lt sa men. Trong lngmen ti s dng l 1,08lt. Mi ngy sn xut 4 m mi m 3000 lt bia, vy lng men: ( 12000x 1.08)/100 = 129.6 lt men sa Cn dng 3lt nc ra 1lt sa men, do thit b ra men cn c th tchhu dng gp 4 ln th tch lng men thu hi. Do th tch hu dng cathng : Vhu dng= 4x 0,1296 = 0,52 m3
Lp H Thc phm 2A
H s y ca thng l 70%, nn th tch thc ca thng l : V thc = 0,52: 0,7= 0,74m2 Chn thng thp khng r, thn tr y chm cu : Chiu cao phn tr l H =D ng knh l D (m) Chiu cao phn y : h = 0,1D Ta c V thc = V tr +V y = 0,825D3 = 0,74 Suy ra D = 0,96m , chn D= 1m Vy H = 1 , h = 0,1m Th tch thc ca thit b ra men V = 0,825D3= 0,82m3 4.25. My lc bia Lng bia cn lc trong mt ngy l: 12312 lt =12,31 m3 Mi ngy my lm vic 2 ca, mi ca 3 gi, Vy nng sut yu cu ca my l : 12312: (2x3) = 2052 lt/h H s s dng ca my l 0,8 nn my lc cn t nng sut : 2052: 0,8 = 2565 lt/h Vy chn thit b c cng sut 5m3/h Kch thc : di x rng x cao = 1x0,6x0,8m 4.2.6. Thit b bo ha CO2 v cha bia: Lng bia cn bo ha CO2 trong 1 ngy : 101,5x12000/100= 12180 lt Thit b bo ha CO 2 kiu ng, y cu, nh cu, pha ngoi c o lnh v lp bo n, vt liu ch to bng Inox, chu c p lc ti a 9kg/cm2 . Thit b bo ha CO2 ng thi l tank cha thnh phm Lng bia trn c cha vo 4 thng, mi thng cha : 12180:4 = 3045 lt H s y thit b 0,8 vy th tch thng l : 3045 : 0,8= 3806,25 lt Ta chn tank c dung tch 3,80625 m3 tank c thn tr, chiu cao H, ng knh D, y v chm cu c chiu cao h1=h2 Chn : H = 2.D; h1=h2=0,15D Th tch tank c tnh theo cng thc:
Lp H Thc phm 2A
V= D2/4 + 2.h2/6 ( h22 + 3r2) Thay vo cng thc tnh th tch ta c V = 1,069D3= 3,806 Suy ra : D=1,53m ,H= 3,06 , h1=h2=0,23m Vy chiu cao ca thng l: 3,06 + 2x0,23= 3,53m + Yu cu chung : Lm vic ch c p lc < 1,1 bar, p sut th bn l 2,2 bar, tc gia nhit khi dch t 1 - 1,5C/ pht. Cc b phn lm bng Inox + Cc thng s k thut : S lng 4 tank: Dung tch thc t: ng knh : Chiu cao phn y Chiu cao phn nh Chiu cao phn tr 4.2.7. Thit b hot ho men
Chn thit b hot ho men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D Th tch hu ch ca thit b l: Vhi = 1,169D3 Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/4 th tch hu ch ca thit b
3,806m 3 1,53m; D n = 1,63m 0,23m 0,23m 3,06m
D 2 h3 = 0,25Vhi 4 Suy ra: h3 = 0,372D Tng th tch ca thit b l: V = 1,462D3 Thit b phi cha c lng dch bng 1/100 th tch dch ln men ng vi 1 tank ln men: 0,01x 21,22=0,22m3 Ta c: 1,169D3 = 0,22 suy ra D= 0,57m Chn D= 0,6m ,h1= 0,53m, h4=0,06, h2=0,72m, h3=0,22m
ta c : Vtr =
4.2.8. H thng v sinh Cip phn xng ln men: H thng CIP trong phn xng ln men gm 4 thng cha: Dung dch NaOH 2% Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
Dung dch Trimeta 0,3% Dung dch P3 Oxonia Nc thng: Chn thng lm bng Inox c thn tr, y cu c ng knh D, chiu cao phn tru H =1,5D, chiu cao phn y h = 0,1D Th tch dch Cip cn bng 5% th tch thit b, tc l bng : 27,586 x5% = 1,38 m 3 Thng Cip c h s cha y l 0,8 V = ( D2/4) H + 2 ( D2/4/3)h = 1,23D3 = 1,38 : 0,8 = 1,725m3 Suy ra D= 1.20m Vy Dn = 1,4m ; H = 1,8m; h=0,12m
4.3. H thng thit b phn xng hon thin sn phm : 4.3.1.My ra bock Lng bia cn chit trong mt ngy l 12000 lt Mi bock cha 50 lt. Vy s bock cn dng trong 1 ngy l: 12000: 50= 240 block My chit bock lm vic mi ngy 2 ca, mi ca 4 gi, h s s dng my 80%. Vy nng sut ca my chit bock l N= 240 : ( 0,8 x2x4) = 37,5 = 38 block/h Vy chn my ra bock c c tnh sau : Nng sut : 38 block/h Kch thc : 2 2 0 0 x 1 5 0 0 x 2 1 0 0 m m 4.3.2. My chit bock Lng bia cn chit mi ngy l : 12m3 Mi ngy lm 2 ca, mi ca 4 gi H s s dng my 70%. Vy nng sut ca my cn l: 12/( 0,7x2x4) =2,14 m3/h Chn my c :
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Nng sut 2,14m3/h
PHN V : TNH TON V THIT K V XY DNG

5.1. a im xy dng nh my Chn a im xy dng nh my khu cng nghip Tin Sn tnh Bc Ninh v y c nhiu thun li v giao thng ng thy, ng b, v ngun cung cp nguyn liu v th trng tiu th sn phm. 5.1.1. c im khu t xy dng:
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Khu t nm trong khu cng nghip Tin Sn tnh Bc Ninh, l khu vc c a cht n nh, mt bng bng phng, dc t nhin i = 1% m bo khng b ngp lt trong ma ma l. Nn t c kh nng chu lc cao. Nh my nm trong khu cng nghip Tin Sn, nm trn trc quc l 1A, gn quc l 5 i Hi Phng nn rt thun li cho vn chuyn nguyn liu v phn phi sn phm. Cc khu dn c v th ang c xy dng v m rng gn nh my chnh l th trng tiu th sn phm chnh ca nh my. 5.1.2. c im kh hu ca Bc Ninh: -Nhit khng kh trung bnh 23,30C. - m khng kh trung bnh nm l 85 - 86%. -Lng ma hng nm 1600 - 1800 mm. -Hng gi ch o: ng Nam. 5.1.3. V sinh cng nghip: Cc cht thi ca nh my bia ch yu l nc bn v khi l. hn ch ti a nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh, nh my tun th cc yu cu : m bo khong cch bo v, v sinh thch hp
Hng xy dng thch hp, l hi c t cui hng gi ch o
Nc thi ca phn xng sn xut c a vo h thng cng ngm trong phn xng ri a ra h thng x l nc thi c t cui nh my. Nc thi c x l qua h thng x l nc thi ca nh my, m bo yu cu v v sinh mi trng sau a ra h thng thot nc ca khu cng nghip. Cc cng trnh u c h thng thot nc v b cng ngm. 5.2. Thit k tng mt bng nh my 5.2.1. Kho cha nguyn liu :
Kho bao gm: - Khu vc cha nguyn liu: cha cho 1 thng sn xut ( 25 ngy) Din tch kho cha:
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Lng nguyn liu cn cho 1 ngy l : 1423kg malt, 609,5 kg go. nguyn liu ng trong bao 50 kg. S bao malt 1 ngy l: 1423 :50 = 29 bao S bao go 1 ngy l : 609,5 : 50 = 13 bao Vy nguyn liu cho 1 thng l 725 bao malt v 325 bao go S bao khi nhp kho c xp chng, mi chng 20 bao. Vy s chng l: (725 +325) / 20= 53 chng Din tch mi chng l 6m2 , chiu cao 0,3m , khong cch gia cc chng v thao tc chim khong 50 % . Vy din tch vng cha nguyn liu l: S = 53 x 6 x2= 636m2
Chiu cao kho H = 20 0,3 + 0.2 = 6,2 (m) Dnh 30m2 cho vn chuyn xut nhp kho, 20m2 cho b phn nghin. vy tng din tch s dng kho l 686m2 5.2.2 Phn xng sn xut chnh: a. Nh nu: Phn xng nu tch ring vi phn xng ln men. Cc thit b trong nh nu:
Ni h ho : Dn = 1,36 m Ni ung ho: Dn = 1,88m Ni nu hoa : Dn = 2.02 m Thng lng xoy : Dn = 2,2m Thng nc nu : Dn = 1,47m Do trong khu nu cn phi my nghin, v cc thit b ph tr khc ph hp vi kch thc xy dng ta chn kch thc ca khu nu nh sau : Din tch khu nu : 140m2 Kch thc khu nu : 14 x10 x 6 Mng b tng ct thp Mi lp tn Tng dy 220mm S dng nn b tng v xi mng chu lc, chu nc cao.
b. Khu ln men
Lp H Thc phm 2A
y l khu vc rng ln, c xy dng vng chc vi gii php khung b thng ct thp lp ghp. Gii php xy dng: Da vo s lng tank ln men 20 tank, mi tank c ng knh 2.7m. Do khi lng tank ln men t, v tank ln men nh nn ta chn gii php php t tank ln men trong xng. Ta sp xp cc tank nh sau: Cc tank sp xp theo chiu di ca khu ln men l 6 tank Khong cch gia cc tank theo chiu di, chiu rng u cch nhau 1,5m v tank ngoi cch mp ngoi l 1,5m Cc thit b nh thng nhn men ging cp I, thng nhn men ging cp II, h thng cip, thit b ra sa men, my lc bia u c cho vo khu ln men Trong khu ln men c ng i rng khong 2m
Chiu di ca khu ln men l : ( 2 x 6 ) + ( 1,5 x 7 ) + 2 24m Chiu rng c sp xp thnh hng 4 tank, tank pha ngoi cch mp tng l 1,5m. Vy chiu rng ca khu ln men l : ( 2 x 4 ) + ( 1,5 x 5 ) 16 m Nh vy ta chn phn xng ln men vi cc thng s tng ng ph hp vi kt cu xy dng nh sau: Mng b tng ct thp, bc ct sn xut thay chn ca thit b ph hp l 6m Kch thc ct l 200 x 200 mm Nn phn xng ln men bng b tng chu lc c x l chng thm
Nh c mi che c xy dng bnh thng vi vt liu xy dng nh khu nu. Phn tank ln men c ngoi tri. Kch thc khu ln men nh sau : Din tch khu ln men : 384m2 Kch thc :30 x 18,5 x 7 Tng dy :220mm Khu ln men c ni 1 u vi khu nu 1 u ni vi khu hon thin.
C,Tnh ton xy dng cho khu hon thin :
Lp H Thc phm 2A
Khu vc hon thin c kt cu b tng ct thp c th nh sau : - Din tch phn xng :300 m2 - Kch thuc : 10 x 30 x 7 m
KT LUN
Qua thi gian lm n mn vi nhim v thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm, c s gip nhit tnh ca c V Th Ngc Bch cng vi s n lc ca bn thn, n nay em hon thnh bn n thit k ny. Trong thi gian lm n gip cho em c nhng hiu bit su sc hn v cng ngh sn xut bia, bit c trnh t tin hnh thit k mt nh my sn xut thc Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A
phm. Trong qu trnh tm hiu ti liu v thc t sn xut hon thnh nhim v gip em c c ci nhn ton din hn v cng ngh v thit b sn xut. Tuy nhin, do kin thc cn nhiu hn ch, ti liu tra cu v tm hiu c cha nhiu nn bn thit k cn nhiu thiu st. Mong c ng gp kin cho bn thit k hon thin hn. H Ni ngy..thng..nm 2012 Sinh vin thit k NG TH THANH
Lp H Thc phm 2A

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n

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

PHN I: LP LUN KINH T K THUT

1.2. La chn a im xy dng nh my Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh Lp H Thc phm 2A

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

PHN II: LA CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN SN XUT

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Tinh bt ng kh Cht khong Cellulose Cc cht cha nit Cht bo

58-65 4 2,5 6 10 2,5

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

5 2.1.3. Hoa houblon

Hoa vin: hoa houblon sau khi x l s b, c nghin v p thnh cc vin

nh, xp vo cc ti polyetylen hn kn ming tin cho vic bo qun cng nh vn chuyn.

benzen... ), sau c c thu ly ch phm dng cao.

Hm lng - axit ng: 30% Lp H Thc phm 2A

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Tan ht v c th to kt ta lng nhanh khi un si vi nc. Hoa thm r

% cht kh 10-11 15-21 2-5 0,5-1,5 12-14 5-8 15-17 26-28

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

2.3. Thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut. S dy chuyn cng ngh:

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

1. Nghin nguyn liu - Nghin malt

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Sinh vin: Ng Th Thanh

Thit k nh my bia hi nng sut 3 triu lt/nm

Nng nhit ln 720C, gi trong 25 pht

Nng nhit ln 830C,gi trong 5 pht