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Russian-Ukrainian
Rlationsin the Sovit
Historial Imagination

Poio.ypaii

Rvisd dition with a nW

Intodutionby the author

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University of Toronto Press
Toonto BuffaloLondon
2004

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 63 3(2)63
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y Cpi .a, altalloo iopa ltiepey
Bipii, prll prIpaioo ypaii ayui
y.llpi ''tioo ay. Aop ialy peolti Yt,lrHH
po .lliltiI( Booy iy /Iaypyi a ooi IIl{x
apilt llep a,riy oclli i v lli p)aBo()opo a.II.l'IPoIo,
BBy po pailtoi iirItii y po6elli pa.u,oio.eiiopvoi a'i Ta oi <<poaT'>
iooil{o BTpaHi op ypioy
apio.loy llyi. yo poe aT, .,oo,T
aop,
o ooaHi poio-ypaii oy _ ooi a
<<apIoO
paa',. Bo lralIpai ao alIy y o}lpo,poii i olti, oi aBI{o:L/Iya
oovai ypaii iee aJI.
opoa epa 3 a,'Iioi
Muou uu (poi 5-7, Irio)
a Xpucmtu (y, poi 7-4)
a pltii Muou -lu
I.Iepeaeo
3a a
Sh Yhelchy.
Stalin's mpiof emo.
Russian-Ukainian
Relationsin th Sovit}IistoialImagination
(Univesitof ToontoPss,2004,ISBN 0-8020-8808.2)
P.aoppu u-t
B oopci opaoiJ.I
pIIi
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(Nb5' 1954pi)
o6;laIt
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Biopa6yl-y ay
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a6opo<l.

ISBN 966-897E-08-0

O UnivsitofToonto PessInoporatd,204
Toonto.Buffalo.and London
..pa''>,
O Bao<<aoII
i, 2008

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i ayo epi la.ao a
y aitlpaoy 6ei.li a:
i. a. aipi oepoi iopii
pai o ix BaBoepo.
tloo a oe yii. Bi oapyaei IB 1982
poy Byy' opya (i epio oa),
III}I.epai,
a oo po.a.oooa
ei i oi i'i
ooai i ipii i pyoi,i e.
a Ha o)}Iooipaa. 6 e poeop a, iIo}Ieepedpa6 o iioi Aep' e DI(yB}e
po HaaHpaii.aaopaiiepoo
yipey-.i Map, 3eo ory, o I.
, i opa, Mayra, C Ceo, Hioa
Bi - a ao y .lpi a ipy opa.o.
a aoepaayey iopii a yi a
aa.ooiyy ypai ry.i (I) aooy.
a.'opoyi i po6o a.eo. Haa .oi A6epoyyiepeiyoa 3a tI.
i: ei,aipaia eopiypaioo
oee aai, e.iAea Booa iaa, oopaaei ii Iaa a-Py.oo ayi ypaioi iopii a oioi y' ei
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10

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Po ii epeorl(y popy.ayP, a yito l(opoBaa orteaeT yioo )' ay:lo paii iopiopaii y p-

13

lIIooyieepiu.oai aoy pa
ypai ayoi oe 3'BapoT oioaioopoi aioopio.Ooi
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14

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ioi e)reoBopB6 ix ai i. Haa

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tlooiy y opaapipaapii .Haoi 3Tooe,e opi6i ypa.
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o6'ri oo oi.,)e,
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15

i HAH). oa.pP6o aaooapyBaBei 6ip pa Bop.

.oyi<.eaaoaiap3}>,
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e aarloi ipoii oy' o Boaya aaaaiotoi epeaeaa ypail{y'a e aBa,oa a ypaio ei 6yo 6 e.o a paoHapaa aa,o B oyooa aypyBa aopa_
' B )oHoypai poBapa.ai
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Inpimfrii

By
poola ei, i o pey6i CPCP 1991 poy epeBop llioai .ep)a'aea aao 3ai opiavi. ll{o aiva eoiaa paopai: pai o'a eoHy pa/I}ryiepi,
aya peoi aio:lo
o iooiloi y' Bpei-pr,pyyB Tpa ac pllyIytsai aioai py fi apoi?l oa TBp.a
<.peiioi>
o a Pa. o Ha TBop epopi ai
i a oep yTypa'oi e;lia
clo a?2
,ep)Ia
.(o o popee pa apii yepI o3Bo .oi,aeTaoBrITypittl yuioy-

Deporttion of the Nationlities (London, 1970); idem, Stlin: Breher of

Ntions(Nw Yok, 1991).

(Summe 1994'1:414-452.

17

Ba poi aioaoi oi. peyai aai>, , poT' a i

oByr opa PP _ <<Bop
ay iayBaB )e Beai aioi i.eoi3.
Ae apii ai, aIIIToBxIoa.y, o a6 aII Nto)aopyloa iare. 3ai aT a.
, 6 Pa, Co po6 oi ai, aoi
o 6 aa' ya oi i ooB i.,eooa, i oBa' epoi ieeTy:ra
a io aB.opiropaa B IntaPP aioai
ieoi.

Iepia ii aii
oyo
oii
Paeepe

6aaoaioai epai a.aBpai 3 .oeTai i lye pi oe olo. epi 6iro po pe}I.yBaBa eBilo iepai,
a paaca a. i yBo oo epaoo po y atlo iepiia paTa ypya ai
Poioi iepii oi epai epopac a popapy pi aioaoy opiaii, a a.'aaa
oi o.aoi ooii aioai iya. pooiiy oi paii> oae aia <.o6y,oa
a aoB y paoi ieooii, a opo)}Ix,o B|Ha' ooBo aoBIoaaao otl o.p ai a aioa paB.
Bioa ooTo)t(apa. po i poeap iepaioio 6ya o ai aaHoo
aioo oBopoTy o oepBaB yi i yp ioe, o oo 1946 poy oioo.irpa Hii> i oiy.
oa Tiare oa <<e
iir ooi ayoi-peiioii oio o3 Tery atin, Th ffirmatioe Ation Empire: Ntions nd Ntionlin in
the Sooiet Inion,1923_1939 (|Lhaca,2001); Fanin Hish, The Soviet
Union as a Wok-in-Progess:thnogaphsad th Categoy Natioality
in the 1926, 1937, and 1939 Censuses,Slaoic Reoiell56' Nb 2 (Summ
1997):251-278.
{ ipayp po opeiai ye aao.fl. ya i eoo
aai iei oi y .: Matin, Th ffirntioe ction Empire.
2 - -79

18

Bmn

eii oyi Tiaurea i oao Poe <<Bey yo.y,>i) aiolo Ba.oa oB pa.HIvr
epei ao' e epi oo pos. I-[iao,o a.
e i o <<eoo
iyy> Bya 3 ya ooaHy yai poi peyia, oa' oao atl pi Coi, epio pioo ii
ii oiy aiope B poi perioa.
pei p poi ii poi ai i
i oiuio ai pai aioaoi y a
ai <.eipauii>: ai-aoi, ay iepaTypy, 6arafl oop6. I r oa' peaB}Ia
ie yyp o3o'a ao aooy:l' apTyBaT Bay yTyp Hy.
i, ItaklerrpaHi 6y eoio poioep. e.aoy ae:UI}Ioyoi.
.ipo BoPcTa:Hpee poioo aioaiy i pa6eprep oBo.'o Cai i oo opa p <.poioep il eaT> aee.
it oi6 pT .ep)IQBtIoy
6i uy, aai
oiiaii a eriiauii pey B aa aooie ei poi, ao 6o o'a e6e apaH ap ie7.
Cai a oyi 1936 poy poooa,o C PCP
ire iy eyaTaop tai. paB o}I <<ay>>
ai ao BTpao op ipye aiauii, e 6ilo ao DIBJI oiooiy aTeopi oHae i.otiia o ep}a' a ao( oo oi pa a o6o'3!38.} <<po6io5.,.:
Niholas S. Timasheff, The Gret Rtret: The Groath nd Decline ol
Communistnin Russi(Nw Yok, 1946);Vea S. Dunham, In Stlin's Time:
The Middlelss Vlues in Souiet Fiction (Cambidg, UK, 1976); Shila
Fitzptik, The Culturl Front: Poaer and ulture in Reoolutionry Rttssi
(Itha,1992)
6 Slzkie' The USSR s Communl prtment, 442-447
7 David Bandeneger, NtionI Boheoi'sm:
Stlinist Mss Culture nd the
Forntion of Modrn Russian Ntionl ldentit, 1931_1956 (Camidge,
!r'2002)'p.2.
8 IJ.aprye BoBaa iap (Sheila
itzpatrik), .
ii a: fuibing Class: The Costution of Soial ldntity in Soviet
Russi,.,/orrlof Modern Htory 65, N 4 (Deme |993):745_770. B

Inpimfrii

19

_ pai a api _ ei epi>, i )||4|4

tloBo po6i oo aopi <.tay>BpaTa
'
olo aooiv Bapi. Haioi aa oo
yiepa po{ ,I aiii ypai aa.
Ivrpa poa.g.To tI BHo' o aioaoi
epTJI BBDIaTpi: I a:i paT TepToy popii yypi pii, a i, o laJItII|4c,
poi
apoo> a oi;
aroaiipapio 3 <
,Bv1acoaaopi - <apo-opo>lo.o y BIUI
poD( CPP 6y epao piBx aioaoe i epix
oTarroy pei oa oa Ha aoBy y 3a apay l
..ooo'' rtiaH opootly iay yy: <o)Bo,i
pyBarr aiooi, a i oioi itltlo oy aiiy>. Ta ya <ay>iap yplll opIoa
1988 poy ai: Th Bolshvik's Dilmm: Clss, Cultu, and Politis
in th al Sovit Years, SIai Reuito47, Nb 4 (Wint 1988):599-613;
pvi oapi o ai Poaa fpiropa Ci a.ai Opo io a opia 614_623. oi iiIi paui Cyi oy
o a IIpo,ae BopToBy aoaai aai ai6 i ipe po a op iopii. po.uol i p poi <tllyaaiyui aopi ay a oii o6)I(eaoooi aooi itlo ialiiai
ao i oi o tloo>..ai i BHoBy, o <3ooto apyoBaoopoaoo yi Paoy Coi y iaii po ieiaui aioai 6iuro -poi
6a i.i ppi, ai oa6a oi oi}Ioyaoi>(Suny, The Rroengofth Pst' |20_|2|).
9pa ip pootlpy:ra'o epyBaHrraoaioa.
o p)aBopa aaB aTooByBaaooii ooii _ oii yypi ax o ioi aiaii (Hish,
Th Sovit Union as a Wok-in-Pogss a Towad n mpie of Nations:
Bod-Making and th Fomation of Sovit National ldntitis, Russin
Reuieu 59, N9 2 [Apil2000]:20|-226). e ia iii i
Boapo a' o tl opoByBaci ooii xooii, eia la i IIpoJa y pi p poi.
yB a a <apo.i'o po iai ioi oioi
opoi>.: Ami Win, Natu' Nutue, and Mmory in a Soialist
Utopia: Delinating the Sovit Soio-thni Body in the Ag of Soialism,
micn Htoicl Raitll104,Ns 4 (oto 1999); 1114-1155;Tery
artin, Modnization or No-Taditionalism? Asrid Nationality and
Sovit Pimodialism, in Shila Fitzpatik, ed', Stlinign: Nu Directions
(New Yok, 2000)' p. 348-367.
2'

20

Bcmn

aiB, o ii Tp i epeop a epay pi ai i epi aioaoe, e IIeHpeai 6ire

ooo)aB poio ai.
a po ' PP a ai ai i iir iepi, :lo Bei e6a, ili ayoBi oc a oy' o Pa Co aa pi eei'a ep oiya a 6aaaope ei ioa, i o i.o opo, pii
a ipapi i po i epepilo oo aBa
PP iepilo. oa Pa Co io 6y eio <.poio
ipito>,i opToByaxoi a iepi paii pai i po yiaai iepi
aaoll. flii po Te' 6 PP ToBoIooepo ooioto iepi, Tpa, e aoiri oie ire peac TvI|rI|
o ooo oy ilaT iop, opiv Pa Co ir
oep iepi, i i aavi apap|4cTI
Paoi e o)a BB.I'
ia coco6, 3a .oooo CPCP a ii ipii aaa <.iia>
oi oiio12. Tail ii o popiv i pa.'' . aixirui y6iauii:Jorg Baowski,Stlinismusals impials
Phlnomn: Die islamishnRegionen d Sowjtunion, 1920-1941, in
Stefan Plggenbog, ed., Stlinismus: Neue Forshungen und Konzepte
(Berlin, 1998)' p. 113_150; Domini Lievn, h Russian mpie and
th Sovit Union as Impial Politis, Journl ol ContmporaryHtory
30' }lb 4 (otobe 1995):607_635; Aleander J. otyl, Fom Impial
Deay to Impial Collapse:The Fll of the Sovit mpie in Compaative
Pespetiv,in Rihad L. Rudolph and David F. Good, ed.,Ntionli,n
and Empire: The Hbsburg Empir nd the Sooiet IInion (New Yok, 1992),
p. 15_43;Ronald Grigo Suny, Amiguous Catgois:Stats,mpies and
Nations, Pos/-Sooitffirs 11,} 2 (Apil-June 1995):185_ 196;tdem,The
Reongeof the Post; Roman Szpoluk, Th Fall of th saist mpi and
th USSR: Th Russian estion and Impial Ovtnsion,in Rsa,
Ukrine, nd the Brehup of th Sooiet IJnion (Stanfod, 2000), p. 395_430.
12
{. yia T:D. L. H[offman],The Soviet mpire:Colonial
Paties and Soialist Idology, RussinReoiu 59, N 2 (April 2000): viviii; Paula A. Mihaels, dial Popagandand Cultual Revolution in
Sovit Kzakhstan, |928-41, iid.: 159- 178;Douglas Nothop, I-anguags
of Loyalt: Gend, Politis, and Paty Supvision in Uzekistan, |927_
41, iid.:|79-200; Hirsh, Towad an mpie of Nations;aYui Slezkin,
Impeialismas the Highst Stagof Soialism,Iid.:227-24.

Inepimfruii

21

i o.olra PCP a ep)ay'o Bi.oBiaeeIroyo6' Boy BaeHiepii, Ta oilll oei, eii-pa'oo Bopoyto <.iipapoepi> y6' By aaiy I(aTopil3.
HaBi apo ar i poa api col
o)i apryeT, ieppey poio-ypaiy ypy B3a o.i. oy a T' 6a paia oe6l ao ootli Poii eooioy oioy ei' BoH oaIoT' o oy i Boa iTepaypa apae aai3yBa ipyeTapi oooitloi iepapoi p la.
poooae .oi.Tioi oi a'i
poBa Io yi, aooBy 3o6y oTooioi Topii .ieppeaii paoi Haiotltl}Ioiieo.
oii iepoo.ypy Ta ,aaiy a.oiBa oii pe, i oBiB, Hepoi ieyai
i ioi a.Topiiy opai ioi iopvoi .
Hoi paui po iepii i aioai .oo,o ipii aei i aiop po Ti i oo apyaT Hitli iioi. a 6ire'\iepoo pai l{eo6i poTo ooeiyv i ei <.paia>.Bo i.iy ' a <.I.i>
i ai iepii, o6 Ba e' oa pa , i
ie eia, i aB.Boi yTyp 3a o)y pTe.yaa piBHy po a ig;t5.Toy paia iri epoii pey6iIlaJILIlvIBpa}Io iepa>' B pa.
i, oa epevo <<oo.lll
I{ii'i apoi. Pai ypaii i.oo iel Mark Bissing, Ntionlt Mobilization nd th ollpse of th Sotliet
Srre (New Yok, 2002); Try Matin, The Sovit Union as mpie:
Salvginga Duious Analytial Catgoy,b Impeio, 2 (2002):91-105.
l{.I[.:apo ar. oa ai: oooii p y(i, 1997)'
vai ypaii yypi, y oo . Koma ircoomc
c.22-236; poa api. B o6i"ltbepii: Pocic i pi.
c impampa oimoio6u.ep. epo Tapa (i, 2004).
15An Lua Stolr and Fedrik Coope, Btwen topol and Colony:
Rethinking a Rseah Agnda, in Coop and Stol, eds., Tnsions of
Empire: Colonial Cultursin Bourgeo World (Berkely, 1997), p. ||-I2;
Patha Chatteje, The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonil nd Postolonial
Htoris(Pineton, 1993).

22

B-n

ey;r o.IIoaHo6opo Bay iopvy iooilo

i ipyBa eTaapaBpoioo pa. IaIeay' pa i iopy a' i iepoo.ypy, l,lo)eo6ay ipapxi aioa y.
pi oo, a ii o-ooy i po ii
y yypi poyii ai aii. op TBp)l(tI}I
B oTpa.i ypaii iopiopaiil 6,ai api paioi yp e y pffiyao ooBo.
o aTy a pylIIHH<<ppo>
aioa oyT.
i ioi iiuii. Pey6iai 6popa ieya' i ieppeyBa ai, aTe oyi ra
pe, oa poii pai y opyai aioi iopoi B|4.Cae i aoi oo' a H
poo oaiaopi ay eTpy' Bopa oiiy i.
i oo epoi ieoe a aioa a. a 6ire,ii i.eoo ieirei aa .
o.oaHyoilo opei i pe i oo epoi ia, i )BaH 6po6 ae)a i BopIItIoiioi <.aioaoiieooii>
ori pey6i|7. Cai i,o iri oioi py
epo i alro aopie' a ao) i yyp
Ilpoy aB i i oe' rpyToai re a
io o.,eoaiapoo otlpo 3'3y apo_
'. ., apa:B. I. p.ry, Kmpe umm uei nooei
polu:imoi lnii (\, 1995);o. B. 3aa, Iooi epop
a ppiillpo opvoi iiiiy epruiooi po ( 1945_1947
pp.), uica cmapoua' N! 2 ( 1993): 73-80; . . [IIeo, yrypa
pai B yoax aioo oaiapy (pya ooa 40- _
oo 50- poi), ll.: B. M. flallo' pe.,pai XX on.: mp, ieoozi,noimua ( Ki, 1993), o. 1: 119_ 130.
p)rc y <aioi iooii>
', po op6y oii
.fi
a po ieyai y
opi .: Kathin Vdery, National
Idolog undr Socili'sm: Identit and Culturl Politis in Cescu,s
Romani (Bkley, 1991). Aopa poIlBo a:!y ' o a <aioaa i.ooi>o <ip pT .yp>
(. 4). po ieyi a ioi y Cii poi ao .:
ihal D. Knnedy and Ronald G Sun, Intodution, in Knnedy
and Suny, eds.,Intellectu and the rticalation ol the Ntion (Ann Ao,
1 999),p. 1- 51.

Inpimiii

23

i. 3o6y llooottioi eopii oo6o .ooaa poi o6ee ooi poy rrpoioi iopoi a'i a Caia.
Hoi apii aIli Iloa:iylo,o BBa)aioi:lo
a i.eooii yaii paii i ooBy apiy epiy 6o 6 aiplr poII(eH' .r()epy6iai HoBH ieeaJlpaJI|4aBy po y poBy i ia oiioi oi a'i. pilti aepipe.
pooBy Tao) poTaBe iB <<y
)I(y>i yyp .ii, i ao IIp aioai pai. aao To' allpa oa ala, oeap
opiv ao Ta, o oi iiepi pia,
o aa op.ti _ BoBeyBil aioy ay i aylya ii aioa.i y. 6aaox
a ooai ypailli ypi ii ooI|4c
ai ii i, opi aa o iii i aXvIaJI
Bo Tpy epy' e a i iepii
(a apai o6poBy a6 iepe,oia).
oa apie piBo pao 6a i rBH aioi iooioi a, 6iti ooaH ypai iyai (a o oai. ypaiui) _ ooi
.aBHo<<Bo3' . a>
Ba. poi, oo ooBa oiiy i ope ypaioi aii 6 oeyBa pora. o.e Baoo p)epa oeapa floea' oporo t944 poy }IyaJI paioy aioii, a
iiri oa.'oea Boopa op, o oo o)a
o iaa 1951 poy, aiv Bo.tloap ipy
oii i y iai paiilE. 3 popi eio i.epo 6aao il, eI io ypai ieyai oo ay o)a po6 tloo, o
o.i iia i.aioyi i.e,[Iaoi iti aoIoBa aiy i.eooitol9.po Ba18oeap .'oxo, ocnou, noJtui tutu: odeu, ionoiuni, onoia,oopi nuu, umu, oemu(api' t994);
Boo.pCopa, Tpe poa, Kio, N 1 (1988): 6_|22; N2 (1988):

69-r22.

19 I lr aTp)erIHN{ oi Tpayart aioo

y6'a (o6o ioy pa.oi JIH ioo va),

24

Bcn

Bo' o oi i i oo e Baa 6pa i paiolo

oiio' a/() oiioy.ypi oe yepo itoy.

Cioa'Ti
Cai .oi.
aioiypire po-

To oepea, i BBa2aJI
ai opai yBope}I yia o6'eB apaepa. i.
apa oa HaBp oa aaiya aiope'
e piIo yBa Poi pyoBa 3I. Iei pa o6.
c6aaa ee.aApoa, i6 oepi aii <axs6 <.yII>'epIy BkIaBaJIvIc
peiioi}I>>
' oyoo o6y pir ipy uey20.pe ep BoBB oyy ie: ova Boa aioa
yypa _ e oep axi.,aioi a ao.
JIaa Ii poivoy apaepi apooy opii2'.
oeee o paoi poyi aii <<.ypBoo
opyy> iop iopvo euiu apaep auioo epuropya Ia ai (Igal Halfin) a ox e (|ohen Hllek) y oi peeii: Rethinking th Staliist Sujt:
Stphen Kotkin's Magnti ountain and th Stt of Sovit Histoil
Studis,'Irbticher filr Geshihte osteurops 44, N 3 (1996): 456-463.
.'.o: Hllbek, Speaking out: lnguags of Affimation nd Dissnt
in Stlinist Russia, Kitih 1, Js 1 (Winte 2000): 7|-96; Anna Krylova,
h Tnaious Lial Sujet in Sovit Studis, ibid.: ||9_|46. Mo ooa ayaa o ii oii oa oy, o oa iropy a.
ioo pax poa,!,i oy ooi e ai apay (a6o - y ay 3ioi pai _ y.oo H t{i oi) i
a io aoi pa.yieooi,a ao)iix poi a
ooii, a x lr,loBa ii epai lro..
20 !.: Kal W. Deutsh, Ntionalis.llt and Social Communiction:
n
Inquiry into th Foundtiols of Ntionlit (Camidge, A, 1953; 1966);
. J. Hosawm, Nations and Nationalism sin 1780: Pogamme,yth,
Rlity (Camidg, UK, 1990);p o66a i Tpe P.p,P.
BuaempuiLep. oa 'ly (i: Hia-[p, 2005);
Aepo. ei cniomu: Mip|{aIoonooe
noup|laioai. ep. Biop Mopoo ( i : pa, 200 1).
2l nst Gllne, Ntions nd Nationln (ofod, 19s3), p.
57. [p.
pea: pe ep. Haii i ioltilu. ep. opi o

(i,2003)].

niomunJ,mi

25

op' a ao ope6y iopv iax, i p3otlIo

i ta op6a a pai yBe oei ei aii22.
aii, o .,oi.,)eHe aepevy <<.pi>
aioi iopoi a'i aaa ,.oBe' o aii a yB a oooo oHpeTH oiH i
yypH pa ioi yi. flepxa i.
el(Tya a oHoi cBo6oi ai axo
aiii aioa pa'i i a', 6o iopi,
3ayBD 1981 poy Apya Aaypai, - e <<ffie) i yHtlvlliloi Pyp>23.oi e 3 VII
oi BIIIaBa paii aoo o3aoo yoo Ie iBpye, o aiol{ai i oy Ma 6oi iopvi opei i pay Tpai oeBoi a'i
epe ' i o6ii y oepoy poei BopeH
ieo. oe, ieeya I i oi M:l oee yypll poip. oioi iepii: o
B)B:l}IapaB'o6' Ta o6pa,i t(eaoiBa 3
e }Iapeaa}Io eoi2a.
Hai a oBrry Bo y aiyi iop apaBa' oepi opui ai (a 6yi ipi) iyc 6 i poa y aai oi ieppai oa y6itlo po. pae .(yapa oBopT'
emo ua|to <aioai pio 6 a aioa i NloN|lo|tlp
eoi ii, i pae oaa poip, e i6ya 6opo6a opoi i pi ppeai aii>25.
22 ocolvlo .:J[ohn] H[atley]' ..Nation,''in Tim o'Sullivan and
othrs, eds.,Ke Conceptsin ommuniationand CulturlStudies,2ndd.
(NewYok, 199a),p. 196-197;Homi K. Bhaha,ed.,NtionandNrrtion
(London,1990).
23A. Appaduai,Th Pst asa SaRsoure,Man |6 (1981):20|_2|9.
2{ o,i
apryi,o iJ opy<oPyi>
IoB:loi Ci a Pyi orep.,.:Anthony Smith, TheEthnic
igins of Ntions(ofod, 1986);idm,Th Nation:Invntd,Imagined,
AdamJ.Lrn,ds.,Remembeing
in MjorieRigoseand
Ronstuted?,
Transint
thNation(Bu ki ngham,1993)' p.9- 28; Rdy Kosha,Gernn,s
Pasts:hesenlation nd Nationlmory in the TuentiethCntury(Chapel
Hill, 1998),p. 8-10.
25PasnjitDuara,ResaingHtoryfrc thNation:QuestioningNrtioes
of Modenhin(hico' 1995)'p.8.

26

Bmn

Ca,ilti i,(o,rtlo;-IIliItO)B,Il3}Cl'Ilridliyrla
y.lriIli rIIp:].I'atlii,
a.lIrle ii irli.,tya,'li't','lya.lIIII.
Ha /loa<li I,r,,tyBiula 3i la}la, li;l a ppoa
aiol lai i.l l IOT, Ill<lo.l.iI Io tsa o/I'i,ra i lttlt irttpiai i, oaa flyapa lloi par1i po MOool]tl i;1pa ltail.lly /lpep a, <<()a
)IaB, i ipya.l' ii>26.
I]a' ].a o Barto lli.ar' .eal.aii, Jla i l t l I i . i a l ti o l l a i tl p i ir I r .p pa i
II}l'I()o,i u lliopa)a apaTp ollpoi llal1iolla,roi
i/lll.roT, I(a :}a)l(
T i.ll ao l] a <<
IIppo/ll Iy> t'"lli ojlBt|o() IIyOo, Tpirllol'o i a6yoo Hapoy. [I itcpi aI(iolIai.I'i i oI()
o a , l t o a' a I I - e p i .I i I I I l i : r I a: ipa , p:] e i yi,'lottai I]a)Ia,I'
pilt <.oBa IIa'T>t'lICIriol r.aopo27.op'l.lIirl6a ic opa zut(la, rtlpat1yoo oiO()a IIoy .I.o;li, op Tpit)t(yBalt'() i,,ti ())I(Tpir.a aiytsaT yTO tlo6i lloa, () i e o p o a l l t y l l o i l;l ll pa a
(-r.l i ' , p i i i a l ti ) i I l i p a o lI I vI py a28. Hal,to a"r6aa a oit ti oI ITTyfu'Iialtii irl ia,roi l ta'i t]HyB a .I'a aI]TopTl.lt .oCl'Iiill oi,rltoi a'Ti ttir*'It II'p Hopa a o
p lllai.
Bolt o6o Bp, a,'l6tlal po:piltrIIFI
()JITl{oilla'i ir.opii.
3a I.aatl, <.i<lpi al(a lI()Ha - T .l.i,,l.I.oi,
o ailly p"iti i oia IIa''lt' i a6o p<l:laaT'>.C6o i.l.opa l Ia'.Ilpl'a /tfulee IIyJI' I]) iI t l oTtsIIaa'T i lvty.I'pao)I oa. pi TOo' ()J'ItsIIa
a'T JIal':] ,'leIII{I'o.lltli piIr lp, o.,1i i.l'op IIapa.I'otto26I bid.,p. 9.
,, II...Noa Gdi and Yigl lam, Colltiv r<lyWht Is It? in
Iltory nd Memory 8, J're1 (Sping/Summe 1996):0_50.
28aui Ilalr.r,ahs,
Th Colletioemory,trans. FanisJ Dittc,J.,
and Vida Yazdi Ditt (Nw Yok, 1980);idm, n olltitlemor'-eJ.
Lewis A. Ctlst(Chiago' 1992).

niomun,lr'mi

27

.lti29.3tlaa pi oI( ' p a Htlpa <.MilI Ila'i'>

, i6y;Ia po6o ol IaT p():]aiTTpalty I-Ia'1'Hi
rtllo
6y
o
IIa'Ti, i
Boe a o6pali <<ilI>
ojl lJoIO,zL.IB .aHo p.I.Bop Ha iI tyui oa,ri oay itlpy a'T.Ta a<li p ra.lli IIl po Tpa'y )Boi o.lllIoi a'i Ili/( o o/tpll iop
ppTai, opa Ila()tsoi iopii Ta py 6pelt ui icpllpTaltii yaa oTBa Ila'T
a''IT()30.
- IlallIi :]IIaHIlpo I{,aI( i
oolI) iopy I]a'.I.
iy a'T Po)TOo a /tilly, a oTaIIIl ppIIaHIlT'a a Ii irti lrayllHx ooiH oTae ayOBa iopua IIa'Tpo llari va.
o i3 o,oll its, Oo 6pa ui i, oT aBOH iopoi IIalt{'Ti i.i.o. IiaH paa a'i, a opy palIi oa.I(y paa yaHo() IIitIoO aH p() yJIe, - e aO) oeII3IIaeII6 aoo, a/{)l(yi71o iopii op OI{oBy Mo.pIIoi aIlioali i/loT. Heo.aBIIo i rtiai Pai, y OOBJIHOBa) po
Oo6ToTi o poui. o aela apotlIraB y)I(aT pi <.iopa iltoi>>a oaH
6aatlIt iii p:i i oi iopvtl. C:rll
p ItilrIa IlI a;li i pya' lllo illi. o)T 3aBoBaT 6iy ip IIa'T BJIay o.y
ep po oi BBeH H}l'I()o3l.IlIar ay, IOa H yT 6 i.IltoaBTtIx yi oi pei, BoHa o) poTo IIpO.l'aTi.I.op tl i
poIIT Bo JIa ( lli,ll 3 o.'Iloia) poyill29aui Ilalu,ahs,Th olletitlMemot,50_87'h78.
:J0Pi N<la,ed.,Les liu d mmoir(Pais, 1986_1993)'7 vtll.;ilm'
Btwen Histo and moy: Ls I-iu d 6moi, Rprsenttions
26 (Sping 1989): 7_25; Nan Wood, moy Rmains: Ls liu d
m6moi,IlLstorynd Memoru 6, N 1 (Sping_Summe1994): |23_|49;
Yosf Yrush a|ii, Zhhor:Jetoish Htory and Joh mory (Nw Yok,
1989).
l Amos F.unknstin,Colltiv emo nd Histoial Consiousnss,
istorynd morll1,Nb 1 (Sping/Summe1989):5_26; Susan A. Cane,
Witing th lndividul Bak into Colltive mtt,m,icn HLstoil
Rc,iu102,N9 5 (Deem1997):1372_1385.

28

Bcmn

.aeoo
yoo.e ii poyi 06o'oo6iae ieppeailox' a appao3axaTeoo a iai Boo oooo.oBi.y
ia iopii.
o <.iopoii,oo>
ia eo6iHa yaTiiyaoii.ooTy pai aa'oyBaHi a6y,o aipoe a'i i aoo oa aBy HBoy'o paae oaopoIoBaiiyaiieppeaiiiop apai. e 6ya
I{eoHoapea.oa epi <.iopa
alr{'>
a
<.iopa
ioi>lll a i.ay 'c i.
oi pai ayoi iepaypi,ei, ai i 6ei pi iooi HeoopaooBep:lco aH
<.aiooi
opo>Ta <<aH>
pi pa,'}Ix
ai. IJ.6o aio oo' o 3 poopao.
o oiiyoiia ieiai3 Biopu.
M paa oooTMoio iloa,ao6Ba3 aey iryai,i po lo.o
Tp.poa ai PP a i.oao e Poioi iepii, i y iopopay i apa iopi apx aoloai epopitlo6yi, ae a o yT o e 3 opeiy po <<aoBy
iopi> 3 opeiopiooi epoiapoi.Ha oaopy.opa'i po o6itoiaioaiiiopi HapaIBL|I4
paii e 'ooi flpyoi iooii,a
pea aiio6i aioypaii,opi epe6a i.yBoaioaioiepii Booyooarl.o
1939 poy. Hiea oyai iriipaopo
pa.uoiBaa yio a'.pe aaaB a}r yiiyBa oiy a',ae piti ep aioyioptlol{yapaia oo e.ai apoBa'
i o.Heo)Iqpoayyp poyi iipa i cII.Baa e oa aiyaa yool3 oo pa.i
aii ya6 opiauiia a6. Bpri-pl,
aiaiepi a'i TpaJIac
aB.yBaH 6o epai
oaa poaa,oo apoaoioo aBa
3a.

Cmioipahi

29

Caioi ypaii
pyoaaa aepiapai aepex
paHxapii, }I)Ia
oiyaiy oiy a'i paii Pai Coiii Py6ii. Boa poa' y l{ayoBpa'oiupooBa'poaa,' a, oepa,apTa'a'aTaBTHypyoi
yaiai 6yo peaHe
_
o6pya
oi

a
oo6o
3a oaii PP,
y
epo
ui
poio-ypaiii.o.oa
iooi oii iopii pai o 1917poy, oa oyoaieery}IaHapyei,o ii epoi _ iii.,eoo,
a fl tpoi vlac_ IzUI6eoepeioo6 oai po iy Py,oavHy Tapaaa(1814_
i o ypiva e1s61). 1945poy }IIIl
e paio (f 1913) oo o (t1912), e
oi yepo i ai
6iriHaeHBBo.,a
oai iitiopooie.IroBa'
Ha poaBiopya'rtioi
a'i po tl.aioii, a aaa pop eai
a 6oi iyuioaiaiioiioi iopoia'i32.
.(oiyaip ioop oo6o ope
rra pa.ipai, 6o ii iopi io epeeTea poio. paiui poi _ ii o' _ MaIoiHe oo}i poii oa oi o'poia ypaia aioaiiopii peHyloHa iy Py
rraepIp)aeyBopeBooapoy.3itoi
i i.ooo ayBay VII oii, paii
oa i pooooaa eoooiepIryo oooryo o. I oa ippeapeaByyoll} 1654 poy oa o-pioy,fi oaov
pai o ayPoii (i ypeyao6o o.,)e}I
o' oa oio o6eyaoloaooipo.'oB]r
epIBoopoi). o a aiaaai
z y i ri epi <allioaa aI'T>BopoBy
TaaBoo
a
oepoaHa
o) a o3atl iopvoi a'i,
aioaoo apaBy. oa a a yai, o ay ii iopii
o6o'oo oie Be iri at|ll.

30

Bmn

ypai 3e.o 1939 po aI:aJIac

i o;le,
oi Ili.,Apo-op1lto i lloy o, iIri ypaii llpeBaJIpo ol{epllooaiopeHH B Poii illpii. Hair aI(iotlalIo Tapa cIl() TaB yi.lIltypaioo <.aioa()o
i/tpo/(II>' oo poyia tloaa ie"llirei.Cio 3a opoT ioo I{ea)I(Hoi
/tpaoy 1918_ 1920 poa
xia aHa 6ya oi Ilpaa o 6itot1oi
aaollaio:roi/lep)ats opi paioi PP. 1939
poy Pa Co oyllya iy oy i o'a
paiui y e)aoii peyi.
e ay poia apry ) PoByTo 3a oIIooolpoooioo T pTot.o
azuliyllt.t.iT pilltI, i i opai. proy poy poia ie po iooii itl lti a i, y peoy
TBpToypoia poaa.llioaltoiBo y ieo"loiy
pai. pox a poia p0:]Hyo,i'lloio,
TBopeiopvll ei, oi aui llaioaoi a.'tI Ta BoprllII T pepellaiyoo BIIpoi 1940- - OaTy 1950- poi. io po/lo)y
.'o
po:oi/lo p Caia 7a.i,
llo po:]ayPP, IlpoTe)yiopi paoi iopvoi IIa'itl i.
I{ a lloay ' o iIti 1930- - IIaoay 1940-
poi, o CPC eperoi 6ealI.ioooy/(y apoo ooi"lliy o ai i;Illtoo o()Tolltl poi iep y' a;lille oBpe <.aii,>
poi y'a iopii BzLopa6i".Iiauir ipoi
poioi, Ta i ypaioi aioa"lttoia. Biyy a rlta op' opi IIeIt,iop
itllti /ti i lty6i.tIIoyypi, oa
rre 6e ypilli e6ai aBoJIoi21ltooiBa oT
<<JIa>
i <<ai>>
)aooi paoi iopltoi a'i.
i a i allpa i ao i aioIlaapaa poio-pail{ oyi IIpTyBaJIac'
Ie
Bo e ollH popi - i IlapiovIIiopi
poioi paioi lrai. H pe .ai
B cape 3 l(oo lITaIt' ioo ilIee.iI
i pey6ii lc IIoa yo)yBa pailly iopy iooi poi TaapaBoy paa <.py6

miltoi
pii

31

ltapoi'>,l( lloMiHyaa Poi:t3.CopiaIo a pal1i

Io Boa
O, ilIe,rirlltlipcIlyi lllB.():pli;la,
.pa,'ll1ii,>
o)l( caBT<<tseJli
pai, oo ui pal-t'ii/t<.lllIloloT'
a lt lliar,iopi pioo ipoo yJIoI'o.
rlcplIli ltooi po oa oitlo epaa
TpyBa poTy poi aiolla. iooi.
i Iloa'].ol]Baa _ oBpTaTco JIaoBoopoyi ila iltp ipapi aioaIly _ paa Ba.a,pei-pelll, BlopcTaaooi iooii aarIii, o6 a ypaii Iraioai ieppaii yoo. poe ii i eooe
iyiuIc a aJI pe;r 3oBy po6 ao opo apill a iop apai. Haoi
BotI lllB.opoBIIy ll llpy epi paioo aioaooyoo,a ipaaiopi eii 3'3 Poi. pav a.'' ypaii i^aJIp|
oBe' o o)yilo BopToByBaoiuii op, a6 lalcT.e i a i.eooiaai. ie ie, ByIeHio ieooi ieTyaa opBIIB aao opo' ay.}i
B)t(Bay.oipai, o6o opoHa .'o3BoB
i aoepi oai poi aii i op <.iooil pai> ItapaTtspoio-ypai i.o. I -a o6i Toporr oTpo yioBa Bo)
poOti oJIIoBaTypai pall iopy a'T,oi ae)yi aioaioo iy
pO oo)IltI.
a io otti yo.
3prol, pa.,IIatsJla.,a
I oa ypa.
a aioalli iopii pill apoi PP.
ii popa a iil ay p/IylllB:r <.tlallioaiTi y> lIayui y"llypi a.o i iie poi,
ii o a ypairry aIlioay a' y ye
eo.oa. ii aJItaaooBtlo aopi:}:]
IIpru tlapay <.pyrr
apoi>poaa;riya'yiDIrotlpoaIoylIi oi poioolli y6iauii, o Tie. ,.:
Lowll Tilltt, Th Great Findship: Soiet Htoins on the Non-Russin
Ntionlities( Chapel Hill' 1969).

Bcmn

pa/IolololTaooll' Toy lTopl apaT ooHtloI'oltepio IIoyTi oi 6 <.aioaiopi>,aaoBaoBpoBoaoBopopo i

CJ'IaBCH
irp aapa.
I a ie: )I(a pTe}I.ya , o6 oBa
p():]pTitlpy i.li ypaiui :lii a.
ia i:loi,i ao po apoy iopII a' llpioy, .o3BoIoTBepO peo}ITpyIoBaTllpats)HoeTBtIy a'. A;Ie aao iooe
lIpo pi peelIi oiuilroi iopvoi Ila'i B ) Ta
ia,o oeTBIIaa' aiIt ai - a ppi a.iItia - aJIIIaJIaceo'tloIlao.Tope oiioo llpy .vHyJIoo Ha/la;UIollo To:UIoi peraeallii: i,1eoopiaoo pi oi.
o pooy:lpii ai o ie peai,
ieya ao i/Ic i,l aoo ypy, a i
aopi oao-pio BTJIyaai apai yTyp po. 3aa a oo apap aioo poTy a'i, iI, pi ooioi
oBoi a'i, B.rlao6 Tooa iooi
.a.
A a eaa:ai CPCP i e
y aol tloio ioo a'i' a zlrrlaoropaoaIli i oao yo.)ei ypilllo }Iai atlioa a'.
***
flpa ii _ apiI13Bo ypai
a poi apii3a.illIi I( ,'Ioyei Ta .I{og Ha lIoapoi
i pai apiil]y)oai apryp: PAC (P oltapl
apBoItao oo op), PAII (P oi'IapIrl
ap
lIotop), AP (oapetap Poo epal1), PA (Po oapap paypI
(I{epa-'lep api poa
y)' rAo
o'aairr),ABoB (I{IIpir,rlr
epIrpi
yllpilIll pailI), lI/(A (I]tlopai a i epaIIoO
pa,r cpa api-ye ,riepayp i e pai) i
HAII (Hayo api Iy iopii pai Haio.oi Aaii a pai).

mioipii

33

i Ha OaTy .''Hopoi.
yM .'o,ri.Ia
ai7iaoi alwlcaJIvI6aar'o
<<oapitI
cpy>
Ilt
B
oa
pOBoilHpo aii paii:rsT pai rIpo6 cpoIIaypaiy iopil a, o6 oa
iltoi.:laoiiIroy 6aelt poio.pai io36.
o lla oa .rle'Ilo :]II iooi opo
a ayo oa.o poepee api apii, a.
ii oi 3() patsa pai apia i
a;lio 3'Bo ia BIIJIBoB IIpa, y oiT olti )TT irilli a oiyilo IIa
ypaioy aepii37. Mi Bo Ilpo po ie
ieea.i i 6lp<-tpai6i o ie Aipa Barrepa,lo
,'

., apJla: Hyho Kstiuk, Stalinist Rul in the Uhraine:

Stud of th Dede ol ss Tror (1929_39) (Nw Yok' 1960) [p.
pea:popi o. mitti pilti, I-i idu,o1996)I; Roct
lu(,.. Cl.lt<-lII,
citti cnomeperce
S. Sullivant, Sooit Politicsnd the Ilhrine, 1917-1957 (New Yok, 1962);
Borys Lewtzkj, Die Sotuhrain 1944-1963 (o|ogn, 1964);Yaoslav
Bilinsky, The Second Sooit Rpubli: The Uhrin fter World lr 11(Nw
Brunswik, 1964);oaIt paueIto.Coiiltiltu i aiool ciim pitti XX m. p. B. IaItt,B. opIrio (i' 1997);
Gog o. Li, Sotlit Ntionlit Polic, Urban Grototh, and Idntit
Chnge in the I]hrinin SSR, 1923-1934 (amridg, UK, 1992); David
R. apls, Stlinism in IJhrainein the 1940s ( London, 1992).
:]60o6,ro .:
John Basaab, Perisl 1654: HLstoiogrphical Stud
(dmonto, 1982), p. |62_20|; Roman Szpoluk,Nationl Histoy as a
Politial Battlgound: The Case of Ukaine and Bloussia in ihal
S. Pap, cd,, Russin Empir: Som spets of Tsrt nd Sotliet olonil
Pratices(Clveland, 1985),p. 131_150;idm, h Ukin and Russia,
in Rot Conqust, ed., The Lst mpire: Nationlit nd th Soaiet Future
(Stanfod, 1986), p. |5|-|82; Stephn Vlhnko, Thc oigins of th
offiial Sovit Intpetationof astn Slavi Histoy: A Casc Stud of
Poliy Fomu altio, Forshungenzur osturopiihn Geschihte46 (1992):
225-253; idcm, Shping Identit in astem Europ nd Rssi:SoaitRusin nd Polh Acounts ot IJhrininHtory, 1914-1991 (New Yok,
199).
3?.(.: ipoai ypoi. o6oai mepop ,oci:pio-poic
npuopo,1870- 1990-ipou(.: )o,2002);mi Weiner, lhing
Snseo| War: Th Second World Wr nd the It of the Bolshih Rolution
( Piton, 2001); atin, Theffirnatitletion mpire;Gorg o. Lier,
lender Doozhrtho:A Li/ in Soiet Film (London, 2002,.
. 8.79

34

Bmn

i i BaB y oi li <.aking Sens of War>. Bap

oepey a o Ioy oii HoBoy oepi Paoo riiaioo iy, p oy i ipe' o
ypaii ei opoBya oi apa' o apBaT Bo eiy iii. paii iop
) y3 BBa aiy oy, oo60 )I(i.o
ix aio BoIo ypaiolo iirei. BpooB) oaHoo .ei BoH :a.i a.ao
opi 6ip oi3s,B.aia )I(oa oy6iyBa ei ai TooBtIooi e39.Ha a, 6aao
i .oixe pepoyy pai ai
o.a aii a peo)Hyoaiapy.aTyPy'
e p)aa ioo oiyaa a yio, a oepe)ya oa Caia i oo oott' i ae6o
ituo laJIaJIypai y poai' yBr i i yxa.IIcoiuioi apioi iii.
I], pau pooy iar, ait opa i-oiieooii yyp y aa:iripoii pey6iui Pa.oo Coy. po6eay'pa'uini
apaB Po ooi aii, Boa Haaa BIr, oi, e.oii oo ipai a oopy' iTaJIacaHa yTypoo ) a o6 aiiy.

Poi p
apio
aioai
Pa.i
<Po6i He a i> _ pooocl.Jlv|B <Maiei oyioi apii>
ap i e. ooooo)tt apy iropya iya aio}I.p)aB aioaiy, poe B:D
i e pyoptl i y. oia
iopii Ioaoaa' }Iayy Mapa,
oii pi <oo6i po6a>,
i aa op yioi opaia.

ii: epiy,Pa6oBay'aiaitlyTa oyi.

apayI opiv.rpo ao. 3ai pa.i}roo
ap apooyaiopi 6oeH aio.ep)aB
po6 il yaoBaHaa eyaTaTopa.
<Iopii yi'o iya.
3io 3 <.Maio...>'
I1o oo ay,6yaiopi6opo6ai>l.
pripai i.ooia iopi apaB
a oopauiipa Poioi iepii. a 6ire,
otl <aioaoiiopii>.HoaI\{
o aepyB:l
pex
ie
ito

ai, poooriopi eopi6.

pax
tix popa ir
ii
Ho' ByBIII
iloa <oipaoy>.
aoi<yiBoaBBo>
6e peorouiHpya i ai
oooltil
i apoi _ i Capaa apoi o,ryo poix
peoui1905i 1917poi. i oiui iop oo
ay iai opo (1868_1932)3 aponapmii.u1:
' p ap i pipi ,Min rcoinuoi
1979.. 90 i 51.
oia,
3'

36

Podinepu.Piiotti
nmpiomu

3i aaB ia llapiB iopii Poii, y po aoo a ooi pyypa,aoi opo6i a paii ooirri oii uapoi irrepii.oa a.p)ao pii oei 6yo po a 1928 poy. Baa
opyBaa Heapi oi.)eH,i 6 y o
ii ypi aopi Too ay. <.Coiiay> iopii oa o.oao iypiiai, oeiai ioo ooapa a yTypo peBoui. Pao oo a a <<ap
eiii>
t928-t92 poa. i, o oiya aoBy iopiro opooo' pia | aJ|eaoo2.
Ha oay p. poi paaa aia
oiiy B OllHi paii> Beeo 3aopa <<oyo
pia a ii oepeoiii iooi pouii. oy 1931 poy, Byaa oepeii epii poooi, Cai Ilpo ep}Iy 3a.aTp.l(tl
3 <.aieyoyioi apii>: <.Byo a
e yo i oo 6 6ai. A ep' o
y aiai, a Ba.aHae) po6ia' _ y a r
6aia i yeo aa ii aei>3.Pai ioo ai peaiioy:l o <.apio>.I
oa epli pai eo.ii aa oo <<Peauiy ieooil>,a y) ipea ipiii, aeT B pT poa ia ipB:l <.6o.o
ai>a.
Ho apio 6y eeo aioo <<eoo iy>o pa,iyi i yyp ioe, i i ioloaBy paIliiopi a'i o ep)ao aii. 1931 poy o rioi popa oeplly iopi. 1934 po api epio Baao'o
i oi aBapauii oilIi iopii 3 <(opa iopo-poooioi oiolloi y Bai oi Iro.i o6o'o api y a'i
, ...
John Bae' Sooiet Histoins in risis, 1928_1932 (Nw Yok,
1981).
3 . B. Ca, o aaaoelllIo Bonpoceuu (o.
//
a,1 934),c. 445.
{ ia rrpoopi
.: win oerlind, d.,SoajtptiotLsmusund Gshichte:Dohumentlloz(Colgne, 1967),p. 56_62'

t
ii

Po}inpu,Pciioinmpiomu

37

y.ri B:DBiop B, iop ii, poooi aT>s.Bi 1936 poy oiia pea oaaay.)ya opoBoo a oo yi a aipe axol]e<,a6.
TpaT oiooio>. Ba.,aooa a oa.a
<<ap
eiii>, oy B.:roB)I(, a a iopu ayTeTa y ipax optIIcopai oi
pyyp popa.
ipaa .pxaopa6iiai poioo apio3y' aioaoi op.oa poi ap aiB aa,
a6y, aoiir ao aioo <.eooiyy>. Bi 1937 poy oiuia poara.'ao3ByBaapoi <.epoi apo>.Poia aa Myu <.6ypa iepaypa' o ay.)ya!g <<!BopHi>
tpe)y.
Heao
ip
a
ao
ryai>,
ica
(
Bo1937)
yria
pooB
p
e i.aeoT
iyao ' o Baa pf,tapoiy aioay ypy. pepo6a aoioi pooapi.roi op Miaia i <.3a aP> a apiooo <.IaaCyaia> a ii aa 1939 poy epeBoplc a pi poioi aioaoi opo. Poii HtI, i}loi iop - epio a aia oi6pa _ oBp}Iy po aioa epoi }I3Aapy H.
oy' uap Ia pooy a ipaopy py Bio.
i, apiB i eepai' op pair ay.yBa pei
atti ipi aoo ay yaaopi pooo apo.y,oa aBBa .a.ep)aB.i.ri, apioi i ooo.i6.
aiy o6y i oo epei i peoioo eH po a' e pe6aao pa.a
popB i , o oiuioi iopoi a'i, oi
iilo 6ya i Beo.epaTpa.i.B iopH apaBa poi y6'i iopii ai air .
ya e ' a.epaBa aii. poe aoi, i oiya <. iy> y aii iooii, aa5p,16pa1934,. 1.
6 .'.:Bandnbger,Ntional Boheoisn,Po. 3 i 5; Kan Petone,
Lif Hs Become MorJoous, Comrdes: elebrtions in th Time of Stlin
(Bloomington'2000)' Po. 5.

38

Poi
nputi'
Pi
aioi
nmpiomu

o H B:Daa daaoaioay
pypy uii paypaii
Ae
pa,I
a
ir
aio
opauii.
aoioeaii y6'a iopii o
atlall:a oi aaii?

i aoi ai
pool epIpoi pa ieooi.l yai ypaii ieoo, iop tl}l
6 6i 3 aey. ii i aooo aiy _ l1
oa oiuia ii? o a' o .'oJrTc
o oi
i ia a poioy <<apIoy
paoi>, poaB ,alliaioai pauii aioa epoi? MoBa aa ory po6 oiuii la,IIe oo ieooi at i pey6ia. ao oo' B
i eeyae ) Pa.oi pai oo yepe.
ictall op: apii a poi 6o ayeo i apiIHy ypaioi ..6ypyao-aioioi>
iopiopaii Maa pyeoo, i ioo pey6iaoo iopa-apa ai opoo.
op' Boooae ayoBe-oB}I'
oyra apiy ii B a iopii, PCP
6 i6 ie opo. Bi aa ia apT oi.eypaioi iopii, y ope)ya a eooi poea a aoi 6opo6i. opo Ha Bototloy pii, op HaaB a
<.6ypyaiopi>, o i y a pai pepHyBaB ltaaep.ori pee <<
otlTppeoi oi >
paioi Hapooi Py6i ao pyre,
t924 poy oBepyB eirpartii.
a poa PCP, i ilrr pey6ia
Pa.oo Coy, aTtlo poa iopvi oi.)eH.Cio a pyre ooai oaapii iTop ipya il oi.ooc il o paioi iopii, pa B paa ypaioo aio}Iaoo iopoo eaapaTy. Bo op [Ii ii
paui iopii ioi Pyi, oav a pai I opi. iti aoBi paa aii <<yaToa l\,taa>'
.I()r'peri.per, e Tpo e y ap-

Mircoi aie

39

T Baoo - ill 6 vaolo opBoioi

ypaioi apooi pa.uii.
T ao op a iri apii iop popo.
6 o oiui HapaBpo ypaie Hy,oyoa aoo aooi 6opo6. opo ipy <.opoa iopi pai> op ,Bo}Iao pooo: <.Haea ia o Too, o 3a i a oc 6, lllo 3a Ta 6opoc ore. Ha pa
Ila' B i paIaar api, i opo o oi vy aBya-aa>i'I oa iopvoy aaaioai paI' ce i pio
ii op i..a
eraBHooia oi ypaiui y Poii ipii.
pei VII . <.ypaiapyai> e 3aa' <<ao|ipra3a Iey,}qei a6yoy i
pyo ooB Boptl>,ae y }IlB.opo6ac
..BBoe''>
o.,aaia <<aBT
o Boo
}loo' op pi paiy i ay uapi. op
y pa oa oy po6y eaaIaa a
iopc i,Poii, ae ay{y oo 3a poa.,)e
aHtI.Bi e BaIo aioai ooe Tapaa
ypa> i aoi 3aoy
La <.aio:loo
a6yoi oioi pouii>E.
oo <(poBia
Ba.eaB otIT aooi 6opo iopi pai
opoo aIa,op , oi iop poeo. Hai peoi 1917 poy o:taapaao i.ioto i oi y Poii, 6o ypaioy poioy
HBo. Ta ixi
pyi peDao <.pioyp)a:}>
o iopii pai po6 opoo oi oo i ii ae popai <.aioa-oyia)>
TpBaao
poig. oya aai po <<Bop>
1931 poy i rai-o-i i o oaapi Ipai iopi. aairo poT oaapii pooaB
7 M. l. optl, opom icmopi piu' alt}t5 (api' 1927)'
. 13.
8 op, Icmopi paiu cmuoJ||
puci (api, 1928)' . 55

( e u ll)' | 4 | ( IIIo ) ; op om imopi pa|l, 63 ( a.

a) i 75 ( rvo) i Hpucu imopiipeoioi6opom6u paii
(api, t927) |: 179 ([IIo).
9 . ommunisnnd th Dilmms...,253_259.

40

Plinpu.Pciltiottoi
nmpiomu

1928 poy a Bop, r pyBoyillppaI{iypaioo iopoI'o poy 6e.llaoBooTa pHaoOlllaioaooIIHa oITooioo.

Cepe llaTyttx alIilli 6y.,rpap IJ. () Api Ta oJloll iop ao Py6au, i ipTo 3ByBa,r pIllOo <.
ypyatly al1ioaii>.
pa oi plIle oy6iyaB epIyaTy e'oo
oy oi daaoolloi iopii paill, ro llpo eIIy. I oa i iop apo.Itool{apy e ipBaBari ltii i ypairroo .'p)aBoTBoP' oy iIlpiya, Iri6 i oi ptII,lIHae <<Jltloi
poii> VII . Be a oaTy PlI poi oiuirri iop apaTp:rlBaJI
oo o
<.lIaia-ai'>.
1930 poy BaapeBeapyreoo o Poii, e i i op 3a op po. aao oo
yvlli aap[IBa3a )ra paio aioaoy
l1epi _ aai iii opaiaii, i ae6o o.loBaB'i o aIIyJI aopal0.
oiio aapya i opoo: oo aap[ITyur
1933 po 3a yaT y oppeBoii paii ioi opaiaii11.A paitti iopiopaii ai
oitl aoa itlpi Ta ay)epoioo ooiiy. 1932 po paia aoii apo- ix
ayoo-.oi i yi B ItaJIaoBH pa <.I opi pai. epeaiaia .o6a>,a aa oiT 3 aioa.lliTopi i pyreoo,iopoo. olla i a payBa oi o apo)e peoioo py paii a[IaJIoTa a' y
opool2.
oiui IyBaH<.aioa.iy>
iopiopaii
a poJlolllo py6ia ieai, o o
l0 ia ypai ltaoi y i
.olIillaaii llpo
pyIIleooopa i.c.aa,loipii api:
P. . pi, Eumm uliLt pulecozo: ocmae Decmtimm^
(1924_1934) (Klli' 1993)' po. 4-7; Bo<rppao i pi
alIoa, Muo puecu i _HB!: Tpziuttemuimm:
1924_1934(K i , 199 6 ) ' .7 9 - 1 0 5 .
'' Hyhoy Kostiuk, Stlint Rul in the Ukrin,9'
|2Icmopi rcpiu.o 1: pelaiia
o6a (api, 1932).

il coli aie

4|

e oitiUIpa6iiToByBaT.p)aBi ioi paii ioi Pyi oaBa.A Iloilo,a oao HaT ypaiy poiy aio:riiooii - i oai po o;li VII .' o aia oloo i o.
BoIo' _ ai ipIrpeyzlB yi aooi iopii. 1930
po iop oa epo, op oTyotsoTaB
a poBa.
ooB aBopTTo3 Iloo ltepioy, .oBo.B:
ypai llapo
y a:]aoy <.ioi Cao]1II>>,
i pai ii lIpo e olo3. poai oeapa CoooBoo <.ory>( 1931) e. opalIo
a i.,ii peua a ooBHeoao-ootsoll,
a oa. 3poyio' o o3i 6opo i pioo
Poi e aya oyoi Cooooo - i ya a
>llj.Aopea
e, o6 paia oaaa a <<Bai
<.olaoBeT: tlo,>TBp.)yBaa y - o yi, yy opooo - e 1935 poy i apaepyB:raoo Ta: ..3pa i lo Bopo oBTaoo paioo tIBa.[e] y peao pi ypaioi eoao-oaoiapr,
a 6aaapi B paa i eoaa oi - oo lllxTo>.A epa ooip 1654 po <.ayaB o6o oIo pai eo.lai i poi i,
o yi, p.ooop oaTo ooioo aya Poii a paio>14.
To eBo' o B ep.ip poi paa
a'T eoy (1888) lla CoiiBa'aBBzD;La
i oi epy. i a aoBoo i.aapa.x BT a' aa oIIIa,a iei }Iaal3 oa po' Hpuu imopii piu XVII_nom XVIII
cmoim,o 1: !'oi.l a ioIto Caou (api, 1930)' .
|29; o, Cooo, oz: Icmopuaupol|a ai Xeuuu
(e, 1957);Katin Btm,(R-)Witing Histoy:olksand Sokolovs'ki nd th Ukainian Soviet Histoial Novl, Ilarurd Uhrainian Studies2l,N 1-2 (199 7 ):1 6 l- 1 7 2 .
taB. K[p],,oa3o a;Io, outcoemctuoneu,1- . (Moa, 1935), o 59: 816 i 818.
eoaa )t(ao PBpa yary oltsots)I(a
rti, ., aIlp.,Lowll Tillett, Grt Findship a Jo Basara' Pereislo 1954'164-165.

42

PoL
nepu.Paciitlltlti
nmpiomu

Ilai o/Iyaaa.ilioo plryBaT. 1936 poy

pIryiaiieo()HaapaMy3||.
<.i:liaIti
O:]aoiiopii>. 1937 ptly o}Iay<,loooi,>
3illai
Ty <.ripoall>.

lli ip Ilpo paii i 1610- poa ae6o ooop oai, iropya lItl(l.pyOooJItlTBa Ta TBp.)yBa
il, Ilooi .p. Hoi
T6 ar a B i.IloTpaJla aopt.'.
fa, i aoJI op, i a,ri atITeJ'IyBaJI.
Too aoo poy' o a.aarIyJIaa Ty;r6:]a 3/lopoB 3aoIIJIetII{
o3aIlyJI'a:]T
popTyBa
iy I]TaByaoi op Mo elIa <.Tapa
ya> (1890) a po6y IIpIIIepoii ypioi iopii. i pT oo3opa1912 poy eply
aioay ollepy' a aiBaac oa lllTypo
rIooi opeui fl6o, rre ppo6.e 1937 poy pelltp pitl.tTpaTIoe oo aplllB opy
e]IoIo'o oJI )BII IIa)Toaoo ooa y. Cae paie ai <.Tapaay6>
<. pa.> BopTira,lo lac TvI TaBy <<aTapo'Ir a>,i oo i <.opaI{
ao>l6.
poii iop a ao a ioo yBe
po o6p ooi oiioi oi lla'i. B paa oIooipop paii JIaiia poTo
1936-1937 poi paiy aoii apo- ilrx
ayoo-.oiir.r'ir'a Iyr. pt.l<li
poeyp, oepe.BlllI]Beiopii pai IIti iopii pai Aaeii ay PCPI7. po i aoi 1 5Il.A o, t p. 1, ol r . 70, p .7 5 7 ,a p .9 6( a ' ) ; pa o .,
o ii iu i ioltlioim pii XX cmoimm (i,
1997)'. 184 (yi); . Copoa, 3iai -t, .: O. . illo,
p.' 3 nopoz epmi: utttuu piu _ Jrpmu micu
penpci(Ki, 1991)'. 426_429(T6).
|6p,24<o1937,. 6; . o. CaiIe,
picupdu uu mamp: lt.puuimopii (1917_1967) (Ki, 1970),
.160_162.
1 7II'A o,
. 1, ol r . 6, p .4 0 9 , a p .2 4 ; .B , a H . B. o apeo, P:lumuumopultoau euu puttcou P:
(Ke,1986),. 3zr.
1936_1986z.z..

i ie
Mircrcco

Tpaiaii o-pa)o6ito oiileypaioi iopii, aiLIIoBaaa apTi' I]e oo

3'Boc.Haai eTpO BJIIOppei iop
epoo)I(iy pearBa a yepBiraJI op.
e /{o a e ,liro,
Iy oaB oTyBaT ol.}I,
zll, oe, ioiaoiIrii opoo, IlpIIai payai e a apoi ooioi oi
pailrit8.
pla 3
o oo po6oTa a ,oi,H
i, Ba Ta 1937 poy 6o Bapao iT. oo eptrloo .pTopa,poopa Apaura apa.)eBa' 3aTyHa peopa popi aPeHa' aoB
pauii o pe6eiIra, Bac ypp6, Tpoa C6oo Moy Tpy6ea 6o aapell|oao i poTpio. [ ipiyB:l poi, pa ,
ypai aioi a iooy Tpop apopi, a ltoa ye _ IT y <<oppeoroirri
..pao-iai''opaiauii, o'Ii ooIo ypai3B.
i .
p... 6oui poiopopTo opaiai i pai aioaia>19.3ai ilaJlplc'Io a pai i ipa po6oa oaa i'eaiaii aioaoo yoo ipy iopii paypi, Bo oTBa.Apeoa <.aioaig,>
Ta:
oyBaB
p6a BoIoopporouiyiiT
o oi i pooy vplriii 1935p. p6lri
a po T, o iiipIt4oIIoTaBBpeo It{t{o
By UIoo pe'aryBaIr<.Iopiipai> pea o py
pyi ypaii - pauii iy, i, a oo yy, po6 ipyv pa.u'ioyit{tloipii, o
oo
iodpaxa BttHy ypaioo Ilapo.,y.
ooB i a otr, ) paTvlropo...
1935 p., 6lu apoi y paa apilro-iopHoo
api, ypi [Ca] o. pooi -

II PCP: 196-1941(i,2001).

44

Poinpu,Pdciioinmpiomu
a oy, o Ir{'py ypai ayoi Iyy iopii, ova Tep paBaTa BopH i.pyva
<Iopi pai'>, opi6i 'IIoo' poy

ipe, o .aHHaIII_ po6 ipy.npiui oy, poyi|"1/.:llypai a. Ha p6a

io6pa Hoy e epoie lllHye ypaioo apoy, oo opo6y a eaei, oo ooi opvi , oaT' o ypaii pa}I
o aoio, o6o.a oy poi, o pit
e
ipl HacaT ai ieaiya pai. eo oo pa a y po6oi a't,lipro 3 Ba.tlHo o20.

lpuloy

_-lx ylllyil

i po6opy.

aoyT pepeii, i ai

payalraii

puzdaii

45

i ieoo ieyapaa .oieyBepi aioaoia'i,y Bopaaioaiaieiei ii I opi.

Pea6iiaiaioapoii6yaae epeoaoB'a 3oPe pai iopi i .
ei,i oo ivyaoi ieooiii. Ii i.
Cepyyii6y ipi y6iooo6oope2t.
aoopopivv i ap
ii op)y
ppHoaoooaaiya eio-apioH
6paoB Bepei.
epi,i.oio.o
IooioopooaB oaeoo'oypaaooBaa)a' opBplypaIoo.epy
_
_
iii.
ooBI\,l
6"
i
oo6o
prrro
iy ep}aBy o
poy.
poi
<.pava
ee

opooy 3 oo 1654
py> a ae)aBi o apoo apoo a}Ieoy
B.aH
iopxii, a aHoBoaoiepa i 6y epe ypaiaioaii.oo iry.
pa, eoo}IaHa
apaBapo Bopeaii, ya, popoa aoBo' epeBao
.aioo .a
Beooeoo i.oyo iopii. Toi oo ay.)Iya
:ra'op poapai[Iopoioy ape.
i eaalr{.
pr oa }Iaya a o) pea6iiai
oo oiuii oaoi ypi ypooi oiii o oypy a ip iopii CPP (ep 1937
poy).o y ootlyBa.yBaoii pyoa'o.
.aHa oHyp:
Aop 6aooiooipoi i y VII oii, oo6opo6ipooyauii
Hoo
Tpevuo.
oei yao
paiao
a:io,pyii ii VIII oii.
a peoy,
poeTopaT Poii, a ao a poy pai i
y Poii, aBop poa a6oe o, oa

aB poa py6i ooTo}Ia e6e 3 Ba.

pea: B opy oia, oaaM' aioatlIr{ia I opiv. a oi ypaii paIr20 am moimapu"u
1: 63_64.

2l i i {i pa6prp o;}il,o poii i.

ryrL pa6iiya laa pooo a i alvroo (Kvi . F. Platt i David Bandngr,Tily Romanti, Tily Pogessiv,o Til Tgi: Rhailitatig Ivan IV und I. V. Stalin, Rs.
sian Ruia 58' Nb 4 [otobe 1999]:635_654).

46

Podinpu,Prci
iollttinmpiomu
3'3oi opiopvI\,t
yoal\.t
Too ay.
Aop e 6aa, o p pyi oa o.iaepaa _ a6o6 oy Iaopi i yaoTypevvo,a6o epei poopaPoii;
a ao eppaio oaoi aepaa_ a6o
6 oyo ao i yaoTypeo'a6o pi a Poii. Bo e 6aa,Io
.papBa6ace( a er|4xolul22.

Ty yepru 6o )I(oopy <<HIIIoo

a>'a a.
ai opyBaT oo oiuio :lioy
ypi Hyoo. 3a oa ooa}Ioo pa.HooiTopa Mii Hioi, Ci, pllarylo e oaoB'
a.oaa6a po paiy i pyi23.apaa <eIoo
xa> opyaa opoi i Tpa.iH apM 3aye}r poioo iIt{pooooiiy a
HoB ipee o .ep)I(aB}I
pai i Poio ipie i Pa Coo. 3aa 1937 poy
e BB:Dt:l./Ia
iopo porpeo ailo pai pyii
iepie, 6ye iit pa.Hieooill oyea.
ipy iopii, pa oyp, _ <pa
yp op CCCP> a pairo Ap aoa _ po.oB)I(aTy.Ba poi 6y aap oaooi ro. o.a poiy iepy pa.i i pea6iioa paule oepeo.Pooia po eoo Ta p . a pai, aop TyiUI piioiy
xa>' ae ooB iopii aopy <<eIoo
IlrIaBco ixi. par ,o Poii, ypai rrapoi oy opy oioo i a iry. B
ieppaii aopi ipla 6opo iep i ay eeBai, a ' o i epy o
22pad,22 cel |937 c. 2.
,
23. B. Heva, K oa
o poaoo o|4ccc||
p.-o
avt,cmopu P'}.lb 2 (1962):74; M. B. Hva, Bopo
o M. H. opoo oaoe ap paea 1934_
1938 . o po.aBatlI |4cTop|,||4
opeo aye, 24|. Blci
<eIeo> ' T y ypiti oytr.te.D(
apioo aaPay a iipa oi pyi 1936 (Bandegri Durovsky, e
People Need Tsr,878 i 889, pi 46_47)'

puzttii

47

Poii, 6yo oeeoiHoo'ypo'a eiIoIo peiio6i it Boaapa2a.

oay o)Iao6au,o epeBaoaoa 1937poy.aaiopa6irepoopy pea6iiaii
eoo'6a aiopiaaa ll.ooiyoo ooo, apioa.po a alvto y a. po Biopi
i a Iaopo,eI(Bep.,
y oepeiea poi aioaooepo. Moo
pai paaypoa.popivy, i ' B
oio apii, itoaptipo.otlpyBaJl
e>.fea opar
TopHy'y <.$61a
y i aepaBe
i oooe'o 5i, aioaepo,op i paiy i.oooiry
i op oaep)aBy(ao, o ' a aoolll:raayy oi _ o3i oo),'. A aeoy' o
Ba.a
aTtlyaa i.ooivoopo'a e poaHya oo, opiya Bayil.
1938 poy, o pefl oovlail ap
p 'y i oaIi peepya,opiuya HeoiaHo Bao oB ioia a.y oTopei
iopii.Pee' , ooiop Baiip iTa26,
BBa}a'
o i irypy aaiepoai oii,
2{A. B. ao, pe'.,
pamrcupc umopuuCP (oca' 1937)' .

50-52.

25oa 6iopa opia p.)y,o i oaB paa

' o 1935 poy i ai va poi apia (. op6yoa,,,pnmpau. opetiu fNloca, |952|, . 133)' oo ap.
xi a ipy oo.pa papa 3 tt:}o
<o'a: epoia. paia VII .> 6epa p.
aepii, ao 1938 poo. Ai i ', i a opi'lya e ia po epoy pa iopv.epa.Cp yiy ' oaBPaIB oy, o o}Iao-rroBoyipprya ioi a.,.IA, . 435,o. 1, p.33.
26iea 6y 6iopy iopo epoo ooe. ii
1920-poi o ay. <6iopyoo6ypyir:tooaioaia>,
<poioo oapia> i
a a oay p. BcaJ4
o B. 1935poy i opy.oo yiuropoo)a
oaiyap'py...:Rin Lindn, Nationalhistorikim Stalinismus:Zum Pofil d akadmishenIntlligentzin WiBruBland' |926|9 46'J hrbilcherlr G eschicht steurops 47' N 4 ( 1999 ): 199 _ 20 1.

48

Poinepu,
Paiaioinmpiomu

ae ooBaoo pee3i_ aBTope 3o6paoo 3aol*,r

aoBipei3eBa}Ii.
06oope 'ca.I
aoo Teapy 16 o1938poy epeTopo a pa)aai .oBoaeoo.opiy aIai aooa aioarrolvry
ii,a
e a Bypiriaoi6opo6i,i 6opoo po6oy
ypaiy pa.yioi oi iopvi iooii. Bi aaaopii po io poa pa C(1883_t884),ttBB oi
ia <.Boi e,>
peoo.oypai oai: <. [i]eeo eoo 'i ai6aa...
i oa
6aaopai o oa
i oo'o
yT BpHyo, oaooi paioro...H a.oooi a po6 ry o6o'o
ri ipylo>. Ioipi ooi iilpl oe a/a6o Hieo BpaByBaaipy ypaioo aioooapioy.<.xe ie Ba pe6a? I i iei opi6i eep,o oaa a ii aHoypaBepTc
paiy, o ypaioy apooi,o)Bo'oByaa o
eaei?>27
opiypiooi.Cpoaiepaypoopa Baiipa a poHe<.o.aa
eoo>
(i aaCai,o ' a iropaoii) poBaac.Bii poara ariaii B() iro
BoBy' o patlo BTyaB otl pa.tl-

oo apio28.
Hai 1939 poy iya p'pa
oy eapi a io poi pai eapa.
Peyiai ae poaBBay 3a e' o Boa
Baay aui <,oy6o i oary o epoivoo yooaooapo.y>.
'a ay)Ia
oiieae' i ii a ap y Boy Pa.oyCoi, opaaeo)eap paii. 1941poy aBop <.o.a2?pooo ii i 6pia apia yIo aoo eapy, ,oyr'y o aB. I{. a: opyoa, ,pmpzu' 135 i
137; . o6tl, pu peum:)Itumm i mopuicnoeadp
Kopiu (Ki, 1975)' . |33-|34.
28PA ,
ap
. 17, o. |20' . 348' . 6-7 | o6 i 76_7 7. ,vlit
poe i iy paedeprep3a pi.

puzaii

49

a oo> 3o6y a aopo.,y'y i oTpa y Paoy Coi, _ Ciy pei ploo y29.
Ili ypaii e}I it i.a opiya.
1939 poy po a apyyBaBypB i oo ooo iopoo poay <.3aopori>po 6opo6y oai poT
oi B ay}Iepiv ic oBa eoo. i avpa a6apo ai poa <.Iao>
(1940)' oopBa )e Bop Cooooo' ae
}Ie poaBB ooBa i eoo. ooop
o.(ae aaB My.o ' opiuya i ayaB aaT oepy, a epio ioo opoo eap Boao ity ai: aei 1939 poy ooocIvl'o oepy <.o,ae> a i6peo opivya oo.BHacaTfl ipi llloaoi3o.
Iop pa oy apio}Iy apa.y oiir..oBHapaa Iy iopii pai AH PCP o6ooploBaa oy oi eoo' i oo Ir{e
Oi ypa (eoi _ . Oio) p.iopi i a pllly oTy diopai Ivtaa. o.a BoBee eoo oo xui 6yo
ore: oio iploBaB Bai <.aoi
iepe> aai oo opo aBtI.oypai
py a' a o i Poi paBa poeBy oa,>3!.
1940 po ypai
.,i,ae i apo <<IIIoo
po
oy6iyBa
ep[I ao
iop oa
peiioi o oBTa eoo <.B3o29Bicmi,5 6p1939,. |,4; oicn,1 i 1939,. 3; o6utt ,K pu a,149-151 .
30oa Co, picicmopuInpo
a 40 poi (Ki' 1957)'
c.254_255,154 ( i apa); . ao, ommu opouu
Hpou apmucm CPCP (Ki' 1964)' . 15 (flau);
,,eu.
Cairultil, picu pu u,lu meamp: Hapucu
icmopii(1917_1967)(i' 1970)'. 177 (oaoiv).
,' po ooi e6al Iyi iopii pai .: rAo'
. 1'
o. 70,p. 753, ap.|2|;cp. |2|,ap, |2. ( iii oaa .
ao). r
i, po y 6po)ox oy|e
. oioa a peli pii <.aeaelto>
y olvtoooN,ry
ai <.ooa ap>:K. oo, 6oe Xl+tuu,
aea}lI ( oa, 1939 ).
4-&79

50

Poinpu.P\iltioinmpiomu

puzttii

51

a ia ypaioo Ilapoy po tli lllToi oi i pa pai o Poii ( t648_I654)>. i :i

e aeoallo Bpit ol]y 6opo6y, 6ie
po ypai llapo aaJlo' a lIoo o6palIo
poio altii. Boova epo yaao i Poi e,leooi peyTaoypaioi iopii: <.Beiopv poe, iopi pai 3 tIHyooiolo
oioiBo Booii ypaioo apoy'
Be o p . a pai o Poii, .o o6'.'a 6pai poi apo,o>32.
Ha iiy i opivya, po e)I(aBo a BaH <<Tap
iii>: e,
o ayoB i pa.zl.o
oio BaBaJIocpiioi.
oM, Hoo 6yo vao yirrIo
ypaitlo aioaiy a ao opBoiiopv .
I pepoeT}Ioo oy TpaTei peadiiauii
ypaioi aioaoi iopii a lllpllloo ipoo .{lypy 3a oooo p a ii o poioo Beoo paTy pyaJtaiiri pai oi. poe i iop yptl/Ioo ay <.opap,> apyyBaB raTBHy pi a oopai
epooo. i aTop' A6pa apao, op
'.*.,""" iopi pai, HeBoHaoaJIB:eopi epooo <<
o)I(Ha
oapapaT apy>.Bi ia Toy' i6 oaa Tap[Ia :] aoo oay 6a
iaa ooi Poi i - y air!_ aa,o
)a oa 3PooHyBaT apoi p
TapI ay. Ha yy apa6o, aoBa 6opo6a6a
<.ypiro
io y)I(ooo o i iopv
oi 1648-t654 poi>,o/ti epo apa oi a
<.aoiIlpopiv> il e i Bo)ao e-

a ooBo pooo. Pi aiya

poe.aioi pa ry33.
o o6opI aooo io iopii By:l
B }Iayo )p:ra' pH aiooi iopii piya y 3I. 1939_1940 poa pe)pIop Cao
3}Ia ii ioyii ooTpaili <.o,'a
e> a ' olo opiya. B paiauii ipaIoBa o io aooei eaa: opivy aaB eapi, a epo 6y ao oIyaIo.
Cao aBB' o oo ooBHoIolvtoyo <.ocTTI|
opa eoo i :loy pi, i oo
o6pa Bo) apooo>3a.i, ,{oo y)e aaya ' opiua, opB pai oyl opa
Xoo _ epaa aii opo6i 3 o
io, a ea o.'aIoooy Poiro laJllllac epopo. o poii pai ioui ipac 6epei 1941 po B ipai, o6 o6oop aBplll}Iyap.
Ty, ae i ipea ai ii e. iopoi a'i paoi pai. o ApurTa ayBJB'
o <<aBopoB ce6e pai ypaie>, a papioy, eep
p prp pyTB,o <<oyT
y Ha y paoy ii oo io,3aB|4
oy ioi TaH o-ooy poyi>. Ca Ca<<
o iy pi6i pi pvi, aJIBIlI:
Tpia
po6a paii i pa [a] iare>3s.
<.oa> ro a pa ii 1941
po i TaB ooBo oie ypaioo yTypoo )T. 3 oao pao-ieoii vepi 1941 poy
i y <.o6iioa> BDI(poara
ipaio. oo oayBaJIia 6eopo epe.'

32. H. po, Btloi

picblo?oaponpomu zi-

A. apo, peu. a .: . H. po, Boa ia

ypaioo apoy po iy roiori i rIpa
pi o Poii mopu-apcucm'J$ 7 ( 1940): |7 -|40,
31PA,
. 1992'o. 1,. 75 i76 (yai Ceo i opio a apiuapi);IIA' .435' o. 1,p. 2|37,ap.
3 (po); . 3a, . apo o. ollt-ct' eop
aeo(oa, 1959)' 252 (aaCava).
35TLAo,
. 1,o. 70, p. 66, ap.6-7 (po6uoi);PA'
. 1992'o. 1,.78, ,8' 15 i 16 (poooii).

I. 1, p. 115 i B. . Coi, pe',Bei Imummgimopii paiu:

Iiii6iozpiu
oiu(Ki, 1998),. 245-250.

52

Podinpu'Pdcittiotti
nmpiomu

tItIa po. (Caeo opivy B.aoaB:l

<.opoi>e i o eeBaHiB,a i ii aai _ ie paryi.) I{iao, o peueii a
oto i ooto, 6y pi e HaooI.BaJI
ao oi. p i, a6, y6ia aai poyi <.oaaeoo> pi i po <<Poivy opo ypaioo Hapo.ypoT ooi III>,
oBy y aa<.apio,6o o ai}l
ea o opoi>36.
i 6oo BHB Ha Tooay oeTBy a'.
i o ypaii 6ei pai pe HIIvl .oBo
pa.H6o6acp. Ha oaTy 1950 po, o o6oopBulopy .(aea po eaa' ai py6iai o iey a i va ocIaJIc
Ha
i Caea a pa paBil oc ypaioo yoo. 1952 poy iop Ba,eo oBaB 6ilti, a aaa 3 apix uioepi:
<.'ry oi ai rTa oiao.iopui
tI i ye aao x po oaa oo Ha
a ioo ioapolo>37.
3ia apa.eadapo aea it iopv
ii Ta eo. 6epei t939 poy paa paia iIaa |25- pi 3 apo.{eTapaa ea
ara6a'HyBa3 ay yti BTBa 1937
poy B oi. Pey6iaa Baa poia i' oea ioy iepoi ii oepi, Baa oe i6pa oo opi a opy.a oaeI p i a'tl. Bip oyey i ypoo)yao BooTTM iTro,l, poo Boo pyo a ii epi ax eoi Ba.
opei pa ao pee}IyBaLa poi
<<oTa
oo 6yy>; oHalo 1939 poy, oiuii
36PA,
. 1992' o. 1, . 80 (oeui ae pio Cavea),
y . 1-3; . . oi,epoiu meil a mop'locmiI. A. Cu (Ki' 1982)' . 50 (opIl}l o t ltl poara}rT
ii).
37rU(A '
. 435' o . 1 , p . 1 9 5 9 ,a p . 2 3 ,3 5 ( , e o );.661,
o. 1,p. 130,ap.4' 9; lAo, . 1,o. 30, p. 1875,p.72;cp,2775,
ap. 58, 67.

puzltii

53

Ha ypaiIoo Hae poaB oo <<Beoo

aiooi ipayp a 6apoy> _ oHoBooJIo)|(}Ia
a aii38.6 p oy aoolIIBNI <.peoioopai> o oea'ay ieppeai oa 6yo
p a ypaiy aioaivy poaaHy. oa Pyo, l6y oi loao' a'y ' o oyeai
a'tl i ioe y Lea oo6o By fla oo aoB i..ooopai39.
1940 poy Iy iopii pai apri a 400opioe oeBe oie <.Iopipai: opo yp>. pa, oy6ioaa ooao paio
poio oBa' aoaTyBaa peadiiai aioa.
Hoo apa. lao a i e iypy y i i apio ooo.i,oa op a6y aa i i eyaaopi. H 6yo oepe o iopv ieppaui vi apay: aa
ae a oip epy I aapoao paa. Iopi eproi ypaioi iioi oioi opaiauii, poMoiioo 6paa (1845_|847), oao opoo i
iopoBao yaBtl otloo oo i _ ,aoo aioaoo i Tapaa ea. Aop Haaac 6aayBa aioa apa i ao aai,
a oaH aa oaoo poi Bep.)I poi ippeTaTBH pal\ilo) iopi ypaioo apo.y.
eoo ypaiopoa pooi po <<Bo' , Ha}I
o apoy i ypaii oiaii pai>(i paHoi aii ioi oi 1939 poy) payr
oi ao ypaioi iopiiaO.
sBimi,66p1939,. 1_3;8 6pe1939,. |_2;9 6ep1939,
. 1;Tapao,oi6pmopi(Ki, 1939),5 oi.
39o Py.o,
Cnozu(Ki' 1998)'
Ha6ieuo- Jtcumnr:
. 51.
{0. M. oyo,K. . y,o. C. oo6i' . . po,
. I. Cypoi . o. p6o,p.,Icmopipiu:opomu
p(Ki, 1940),. 39-40, 52-54 (ao),90-92 (u),
ypai
113 (aa),146 (eueo)i 388-394(o'.,a
ee).I{ aray pyi 1940 poy, a itipaay1941poy ioipi,i 6p,- 3.oaooo
ioaoa yiopiui.

54

Podi nepu, Paci iolli nmpiomu

Bypai
apo
Bope CPCP oy y epei 1939
poy .lo uD
IIoy opyai ooi Paoi ypaioi iopvoi a'i.Ta ao iri ipi aoe, aoloai oooi6y eiuy i.eiieoo aei aao io
ii ya:l
}lyaeopiloaiooieoo.
iooypyat.Py pooi pii a 3ai ypoo.yaapoara}I,a
aai,opaioaapa,Ie
Haoo ei,aiaooa. paiopei
17 ep 1939 poy apo aopopaB Ba Mooo
orpyyaopeH aT <<r.Hol(po
ypaii
i 6iopyi>y 3aii paii a 3aii iopyi 6paa i epaa Coi. epeoi<.pa.>
a 19 Bep
eiuropo o6opo<.HaI
oaio:ltl
6pai>,
a ap[I:lCe Toreo,oaapai,
o epeopotl' aBiy, a aplaa
3ao <.aee i ypai apo!>a2.
ooy iepoyypi opBpopi ix paii poiapaaaiooiiopii, ae popivi ao i aioil}I
rrapaBa ypaioo yoo pyBaJIvIc'
Ha .o.ao
.oe aea 1940 po oi i
ill.Bae oi.)iopii 3aioi pai .
II,i6pop ai.ryT'o pa.iiop epi i
oipai o-pioypoyioy oiya'i,
{' poa iilt a Poall lllop y)
Ito py, o
p , tla api <ioitl> ai ypaii avo
iclll'l ypaiy ii i aioay ioi pai-

i PCP. ..:Yoslav Bilinsky, The Incotportion of Westrn IJhrine

nd I Impt on Politics and Societ in Sooiet Uhraine, y Roman Szpoluk,
ed., The Influenc of Est Eulope nd the Sooiet West on te USSR (Nw
Yok, 1975), c. |80-228 i Szpoluk, Wst Ukain and West Bloussi:
Histoil Tadition, Soial Commniation, ad Linguisti Assimilation,
SoaitStudies31 no.1 ( 1979):76_98.
a2o.uicm,18 'pe 1939, . |; p, 19 ep 1939, . 1. Bioy Torea. y .: B. ea, ocoeollemrumopuec'ozo pllumu 3ano rcpuu 3anao eopuu (oa, 1940),
c.128-129.

Beuupiuttpod

55

a iepy' o oiuii pai apaii aa e poip II,

|4cciaoo ippai. ii ayoui Cepi oyo a oap 0o66oto iopilo lla i po <<ooiipaii e;aJIl
i>,a aa a yai ivy i ai.'i i ypaii. Haoi ooB iop Baiip iea y eplxoy pui oi 6poryp JIBB,o 3aia paia
- C. , ) epoii (<<pe>.
iop _ <<p.oi.ri
,.iepii
op
oe.,PpoiB''>43.
i, i Bo.o
e, oa ae i epptloo' poToil poi ipiio Ta pai aioa apio3ol\,l, o6ox 6porypa y)o o3ae' a o a
y2I(lllpoo BopTOByBaJI pei, _ <<Bypai apo.'>.
( oav' o oo e oi oi. aiiy, ao pooBTlt,t
ooBH.ooooi a oi
<.eoi>
aii Paoo Co _ poirr, Bo3Be
e ay 1937 poaa'oii opa ypaioi oapii aa <.oyi>pIeB)I(ae i 15 oa.a
1939 po i caBepxooi Pa peyi o Caia: <(Biapo'a,ia poi TytIopoa' e ypai apo oo.iai ' aB B
iil paii pey6ii>. Ta-a aiy ypa.
aip',Bo paio>. T aii aao <<io
oy po Bo.3aioi pai o PP e 6y ryMoa epo io i io <.B,>a5.
o oepyaB oaHy oi poiooi poruypi <.Booepotxoeypaoo }Iapo.a>,
aai a 3aoBtltlMiipa oopo ai 1939 poy B ao.
i pii <.oeapaHoapea>.o ai i i.
6
i ie aai, a epo, <<3321ll'
{3. M. royo i o. C. 0o6tl,3.id pia (Ki, 1940);a, ocoe oemt,3.
oopo oii 3}lpoi o ayy <<eoo
rrapoy>.:
Ghard Simon, Nationlisn and th Policg tourd th Ntionlities in the
Sooit Union: From Totlitin Dicttorship to Post-Stlint Societ, ep.
Kan Forsti oswald Fost(Bould, 1991),. 149-150 i Velyhenko,
Shping ldntit' 55.
a5Koicm, 15 oaa 1939,. 1; 16
"lloaa1939' . 1.

56

Podulnpu.Plci
lttlioLtlti
nmpiomu

IIaIip()iilIp. Cpe pO- y ioy apio:li, lltlvyr-[aJloi oo, i :a6 p altlli

H aIIIo^ vyB J l O y l l ap o o i >a6.

1940po ao po Irpai apo oirti-

l IO /lypi lltll t.tito.

po l ti i o I'o BTopI'lIeI{II y ptsi 1941 po i 3't), lla pi Ili .'otl1y,
i
()o pa:] Haoo - IIJI BO ll ar 1944 po. e iait IIpJIa/(.,lilIoi ca. iopaa po6y a Bopc^a.
pi llapio3 tloi oiiaii. A lIai p oy IIoyoBac oB ipI, Jlotso. pai, ,,1liyBiia oa <<I],IIa
HaIli>' o ltioa l'opi. IIa6itoo llepoioo }Iapoy o)Ila 6.rtl,i ier oo a iic
a O <..lli>T'apoI'o poi<lo 6paa.
<<Bo' alti> 3aii palri pall Bl'I2lI2T?
ao ipyaJla opI;2r12 CTaJIiH pilo aio.ltlIoiIIaH. B"llalta<.pailli:.lltaJl>>
i yip Tei i r l a a p a , l te p l ty Ba l ] I oo a e I alla paa. oi:]ayBit i;lii Iyi ilpii, apooii, ipayp, .lliti, oruIopy a otli p"'liaoi Aaii lla. o pa.itIIa Baa apJla
Hayo ToI]apTI]oii IIa - i ..ypyaoIraI(iolIiri> iaelI Aaii ay _ ia <.aioaii> ioo-apioi i, a i ai aiopaii
iop opaJ| lloca yipei a
y i",lii Iy itlpii pai. poill ir1 aiBe 3 i opi i O a t I I a l I p l l ' B , t l a 6y yv e
pyIIloo i 6y apTo' Oo yillepy
aTr/lpy iopii paitt, i.lIir lyr.y Ta TaB yTaTo
o(laloi pal\. 1941poy p'y 6 pol1yp ax poi r'oi III /(y)Itpi;-i i yr IIp) yl tilt o t l pa i op l l a i .
,t6H. II.
p<-l,
Boelu npouuloapluo?opo,o
palloapII
(<r:,
1939)'. 78.
o,
pilti: 3rii li 7:52_136: Py6o i
...gptl rumlnl^
epcIto, miutt i [)o ilto pi oi i me i t ii' i _ z to ;
o.ltllo.lpaa IaaJIyvaia,3aioypiaill-'liiy pripo palIoi,la(p1939_ ep1941)'
IJio Jlioz,o
ltipumem:pi icmopuu,N 33 (199s): |78-

Buupiltupo

5l

I:ltoao io-pa'lllttli i y rpi 1941 poy

pa i,roi .I.ir'I'aJIaoJIaT a iopHy a'T. 22 cp y 3aIIToy IlpIII()typ,'{il:;pHHi.o poall ooB aBaB ilI iIlllolo, poir
apfu'Ii:; iol 1812 po Haooo. L{cpir,lH ea i;Io aeIoBzLa
ilo poi llopB(lloIli Bo
<.pa,a>
oy;lizra dcpullTlly
pai. pyi
po",loo <<LrIIIopyOrl{.pIIy aTIo a
- aoi apa llapioT Tpa/Ii poioo lrapo,y>.Cooo TOIla/l 1941 poy Cai tso pooBy 3 Hao pirri peol1ii arpIIIB ao llo paoo apo/ly 6pa pI'Ia/l pioy i <<alllx
Br llpi: alti(pa Hlo, flipi .Il'ooo,

y iia, flipi oapoo,A apa Cyopoa

oy p,ripy tIiB,aa iaia yoa,>a8.
i oapii i llap ooBo.iaaa y ivi ii poipo-lltoiiTa l.poa/loii. Cai a
oyaB 6aaoaioaIIHypaHy /{p)aBoT()To) ce6e i i i epoi y _ aoo
poio IIapoio-oi.
oa ypaia pa, i ll"'lao,ePepyoBBaa
ep.oBIIi<.pa>,ii uioep i,reTya
II poTo poaBHoo yyoa. P6ii 3I ocoypaItilypaioi aioIloi aI..3a,'tpo !'alt"llaaoo, epi
a i, y pi
olItli, a oati,ruo piroB.aJl
3 epIIIxi iag.Ta ao p<lci 78t2
3'.c
poy BJIi i IIpo HaltooIla,paitIi pei VII oi 6lopoIIpoToi i ii lti lll-ii.paii ipaop ca ipo i ,'lo Caia: <.[lBplIIypio apo.ioio.
TpoTaxa6iy i op. .ao atso/{T
a y eJIyil.l
6 llillx Iti-pt1api,
185.io, ptI'ey a .illjloopaio:oii, lli
opa 1911po v ioy yllipi.
as pa,23 pr r |9 4 1 ,.1 (ooo);2 7p l 1 9 4 1 ' ,3(p o,' la);8 r.oi|941,c. 1 (Ca,rilt).
a9 o .u im,24 ep
|9 4 |' .3 ; 2 8 p |9 4 |,. |.,4 :ltl|9 4 1 ' c.4 ;
2[l
plI 1941' c. 2.
zl:]|na,
imepmp

58

Poinepu.Plrci
iotti
nmpiomu

i VII T.opylxTyBaaopioira6iiiaaIti - ii peTap>so.

e 2 epo o6iya y ai aJIaTT<.Bioao6eypaioo apo.y>' i BtlBopei ypaioi iooi
paii opi i Coaa. Iop,aBoBe
oae paioi iopii oa a aoy 6opoy: <.Biopi pailr oBeaepoi.loi 6opo6 apoy 3a o l(lo.yi eai,6opo6 po
io aapi>.Iy iopii pai 28 p
oooB' o oo oi oTyTepi 6poryp po poive y pai. epra 6porypa aa IIpoar,T
6 laa aoo, a oTaH - eyy pay
epeoyy ii, a caas1.
oa o ao iopvlt poi pei 6yo
TBopo tta ipel1i .o.aoo poioo epeiy pei, i oova}IopTtIyBaBa ooy poioo BeooapaTBy_ i Py. oe Te
Bp]yBa'o Ba epeoi ioo'a
epaBaae)BoBo ypaii iopi a'i,
a B)tI [aa aoo i ao-Boe io o)a 6o 6io a3Ba ao paioo apoy. pyv.o yBa IaeIoo ia aioai eopi, i poo ii oTi ioi Pi epe ao-BoHeio o Beoo
ia ooo ypaix oai, Boo oiloa .(aa 6opaolo eooaolo. o ypaii a ieo-aix ao-BoxHi, o poi oiya iio-i aiipoyax i a.'oeie i i? o ia Py 6ya iolo aepo poi i ypaii, o ) oa ii oi6i iopvi iooii? po o o io poeyaBpoT <.paiiaii> 3 ,aa.
Cooo pey6ia yp' pae i api epilIo opIo.'}lBepe .'oypaioo
apo.'y,e TBep.oo aTo Be pi, Bopo oion' 4 l 94 l ,c . l .
51oion,2 wt |941' c, 3 ( po);28 pBtI|9 41'c. 1 (pi).

Buupaiupo

59

a a poi. I -a e o IIaTo,IIoayio, 6y op: <.Hie Iti-papi py6 i

oii [aa aoo, p6a i i rai oaiB oaa Iloo, apii oa 3}IB ypai apo i pooo eia i Caia y 1918 poi. aB). 6 ioo poia, a eep ai i.,op
p6ao oo a, ai po' 6aao apoi>52.

eaa
Bayii,oBa
aTy
p)e'
e
pei
aI
aapoa
ai a epeBa ia
a i.ooaay, o .ooa o ao Haioaoi a'i. Hayoo pay a.io opaiyBaT BeIi.ooiei6p al<26oa.'a1941 poy
Capaoi (Poi). I{ y ltp ir pe.laBi ypaioo }Iapoy' p|lB pe <.,[,oypaioo
ypaiy>
apoy>. oy ro po <<y
i aao <.ioypaii, aai aB
6oprti a pi pa - [aa aoo i Caaaoo'
o.aa eoo i oa, Tapaa fea i Iaa
paa, ora i o opa> io e iaacB
i pa6o53.
o 1942_1943 poa y Hpaipi pia
popi e.eii,ypai apioTHpoaraHy
i 3I e i e pylBaJI'a aa - ieiya. fipy (30 ep}I 1942 poy) a pi (16
TpaB 1943 poy) ir pe.aBiypaioo apoy x Bpe,o i iop, i a po i,
e 1948 poy e ailya epe.pyoByBaT,o <.ia<.Beypai
'ai itoa>54.
apo.>ypa yiuoy ypi oBHopae oae: Boo iypao ai epeoBioiuioi
<.Paoipai>, oyioai i peToo iry. ao oo' H)e.ra poBoo iopii pai, a
ra1943 po i po e.ai,aaa <.He<.Boe6
a,y Beoo paioo apo.'y>.
32oicm,l tl |94|, c, |.
53<,(o ypairrooapoy: 3p iry paBiypaioo l{apo26 oaa |94| poy Capaoi>.Hgoi anuu Icmumgmicmopii i apooziiH PCP (a' 1943),o 1, . 6.
5,tII'Ao,
. 1,o.70, p. 1154,ap. 15.

60

Podi npu.Pdi iottttinmpiomu

ypai}I aptl:]ats)ll Ilpal'llyll .rlo I]o33'.r{aI}I'

.o TBOpel{Il lJoi IvlOyTOi .p)ItaBa pI.a l{i'l.pa i flipa,
6 ooa i (l:alIa>' - IIaB y r.palri 19/r3 py <.Palli pailli> oc a P,'I.55.
y Capoi yTB il
1942 p<l ppx/lall
ypaitlBll ll)t(o IIIItOB()()opay pl <.HaIII B Ilpei>>,l IIoH;L'Ia:flaa aoo, llpa CaaalIoo a ol./laa ()(). Toi
Ta o.I.yt]ajlc I}a pO ()(ltli ,,IllIlotl Ialla oya a aa porra' Baa)i allr'IIo.il jIHI,x Ilolta ClIa a,'li a apal'I Io ?,I I l { l I i l l I g 3 .1 g a p a l r a , po i l-po a/uI loi i Ll{opa a oalrpa apotla56. ilti 1942
poy I] i la ypai()) oJITI]lla .l1llooopiotsa IIpaIl <.Hap i<lpii paill>. ii aop IIi.l1ollpypai ltapo>, a,Ii llpTopII iypy <<Bel'II(
IlpoIIIyajI 3IlaHtl'l ,laoBoO io i i/-(pIotsaJI
llaI
lt
yilITIra
r'a
/tpaBotl
lir'lloprH.
laa
i r.laoToo ol'IoI]oH apap:]yBa <<y)IIoo
Boilll' lIar.pioa oi aiBIl,>, a .lIl1ol.o, pi
Too, l IpoCl'n|4 <<p.TaBapall1o a.I'Il oal Ioi plll}I' poptsIloo llia l]ol'o ay>. <.Hap...>
oo6;lo Boya oai; alrop Ha3BzL'Ioa}I
.ll lIItO()<.aittaIlo-ts3l]ojl
l lolo i lto,>,a 3airla p . a}I paill o Poii, lIIo ylro <<IIIt,t
JIo>' I( oaTy II Oo /lo II;Iai lloai. <.Hap..'> OTpaB oTI]Ily PIti B OOBly <.tlpeO ypllir>",.
55Pdcaph' 2 .lplt 194' ' 1 (<.Bclrypai aItiiiIIpulyllpoy jlo,'Iiilll.l.ll
8 palI|94,c.3 (Prrr).
PO>);
<.lltIli
ir poa aca Cadtolroa.
'll.ii Ta.'Io
yailoapol'tyy po Boi Bitllloi
tl p('atli
i> yll.: . l.l.'r,pcit.'/Ipzcimoaifuipi:Mlmpiu ttooiopii27 _28 im 1995p, ( i, 1996)' . 60_63.
sA l.o,
. 1, oII. 70 , I I p .4 8 ,a p .6 - - 7 . .: . l . y,'I /{, alr "'I <.l
,r, IIai eui npeu(Capao, 1942); . ,rr.,r.po
IIi ui npdz (ap.o,1942); . eottare-aai-la,
oI)(altellllil,Hi euinpeu(apa,ro,1942).
1r<r,
57K' 8o6,'r,K. I-y,IJ. .llto, .
"l-Io,. IIpo,
. C;ri, . ypyIlIlo i . lllep:ltl,Hapu imopii p (a,

Buu piltcu lpl

61

<.Hap...'>6y :ayalil, oilltt /lr'IaCoBoo Tayia, Haoi.opToa <<ITOpi

paill> uUIa.I.a.I.
I]pTI, i/{}I().pr To a p/laIli ioo <.peaiiaopa>o,r pooo oolIJla ltepio/{ Bi ai ai .'l1654 po. pal /loJIyaJIa i O BByBa}I oaiB. Poi. IIpo iy Py Ta()
pi yily yBay Il, opi poi, 6 p.
i pay ypo Ta BoJIoitpy ooa, a a.
6i.c - ixlli 3}CJll'l,poBa a 6yilruo rpa llipy yjlyp. Co iloatltli ,'liepayp
i (laal IIpa <.6ypya o- atlioai,> iop - o ltlapoBa, o,'lei I i lloay .I.o.i.I'
T
aa
pyeoos8.
a/lpa aapeoo
o I I paI 1iy ii Poii a C p lri A: ii, e y p aiHi itle.ll'yapoe pri .BaPo ill, aJIo pJ| ccpilo3lIoy po3BoBi iopO() )allpy .llicpaypi i. H yo aao o.ol itrptloo poay; BaI\a<<ayB;LIIa>
TOp .Bo IIaTpioTH iopH ottp <.f{ao a> a <.oalI eI,>,aJIe,a6yT, I[ p l { a i:arac ;lalla59' flpoTc /l'o pax i popo,l ll iopy Tea.y. Ha al1i ypai()() IvITeTBa i ,il
1942 po Ia IlIya pa i:; apT <.ep,'Ial}aPaa> - IIpIIl po6 paOO MT o6pa3T
aT o' IIaIt Poi 1654 poy. Tol Ta poy Clli,'Ia y/(o)IIiIl a"'la lraip opaiaT Bel'II(}BTay a
c'l. llIlyol'o I]3IJorTepy(li i ltaoIo <.B1942)' <:,3 (alli ypailri), 42_45 (fla"'lo)i 67 _71 (lIlll1); C. lll<l,pl1lIiHapy iopii pail,r,cmopuuercuii
tprua,} 7 (|94'l:89_90.
58C. o, .,,l.C"ai,. 'I.pol,(p.) i K. tlil, Icmopi pittu (a' 19a3)' .I.o1, oo,lo :.38-97 (po iy Py)
i 183_313(lrpo oai).R apia II (6) (lepaa ooBa llpa 3 aoll;riaii_ |942 pi (IJ:'l^o, . 1, o.70, lrp.50).
PrrIyP o}tio;I 6,'Ioalrcplllro' aop op,'I
oi
p'l.o'y
Iopilpailr:oiPP (aall 1954_
l'Io,oII
1955poa).
,l
ff IIl'IO,
. , o. 2, cp. 441, ap.5 . pai olloop
[IaItIopy <.lilallcrt1i>y 1948_
o'I.t,7l[aIJ
poa.
19513

62

Poinepu, Pci ioi nmpiomu

a BiHa Bia Ta.eeI{ypoioi 6opo6

ypaioo apo>60'
oa aa oy6iya t942 poy pooy apioy oey <.flaoa>, i IoBaB3
Baoo IIooBo.
epaa a. I oa oi i ypaii III opiv eitoo a:}Baopya a6o o'a,axa ii x oBo <.paia>:<.B
paia y po [flao] p> i <. ep oi
ypaix i>. oe.o, o yiai oeT
i oeoi i.eooii aai ara p
Tae pBaao-Booo ia ypaii iopi a'i. 3oo axa oTpaa <..(aa aoo>>
ipli ai i Caiy pei poo ye6l.
oie ep TP poi Boeypaioi <<a>
aoo e o.Ia>vlip ooi
oi a'i. i a i, 1942_1943 poa, i
Caapai apii i.oo Be pooooopaiya ByBa llIBi i a ie ooooo)aooi ypaioi o ea. Peyiaa Aaei ay 1943 poy oi ooH aBa yBaraa BBe ypaix yTyp oyi - a. TTTeea,
paa, lla, aa ooo,
p
opi
Coopo

, o ca o.oo. oo oe p6ia op ep6paJlc.oepeoi Aii, Bo oTpzL/Iaa lIao pooa po6oy i

<<aape>
c^aBT
ai paii ai Top' <.3aopo) a flya> ea yaa-ApeoBoo (1863)
a <.FIaTaa
oaa> a (1889)62.
60A. flpelo, paiu pautiimopuuaon (Ki,
1966)' . 56_57; Imopipicozoumem ecmu mon|Lr
(Ki,
1968),o 6, . 46.
6l oa ara,
.ao II, paia imepmp' N! 3/4
(|942):52 i 53. i ai 1946poy <paiy'>aitleoa
<.paoB'>,a <.ypaiio'>- a <<.oooi
o>
(Moa ara,flalro a, y: o;ra axa, Bipi i noeu
IKi' 1949],. 206 i 208). Co apai Ca;lioi peii imepmp Zlema,4 1946'' 1.
62 . . yop, pe., mpe 6iumo p|ci PP:

Buupittculpo

63

parla ei pai
apioui op TTTea,
B
Haa.a

oi,
l paiy oypyya
Ba iIIi. BipIi ea a ooi.apaa .r,.o|4oyIIoBa Tep.
ai IleiH.a}I<<.
opi>. pai 1943 poy pep.,a, uioya o.i Poii, T oBe B.,aIt
aioo TTTeeoBoo <.o6ap>aa.o20 000 pipi. op o3a oBa H e oi, ooi pyapi aee!'
ooaoo pee3ea,<.6yoipaiv i>
Ba a.'a63.
1942-t943 poa io y.,o)I(
i op epi aai <.ia - po peo>'.ea i o6pai i o6pa eea i i py opi io, i
oo ipri. I{ pi pB.a
ca iai a ooa ypai 3e64.
Pai pii i.oo iireui op yioa,o i epi aioaoi a'i a opeTa - aioaii apaB po ye,i oa a oyoBa epopi. 0o6o eooia pa.
epio ii aioypaioo iopa Iaa p'Ba. pa.oiBa.y oi epe ioro, i oi .'a<.aiopi pai>, XBaJI aioai aTepaBy pa. i.pya. <.aaiopi...>6a oc oBepoBo pi
ypaioi iopii aioai ieppeaii, a oioo ae Boa a6a peyi p3 peay aioaix aTa, i ovI3 oBoy ttioi aiipauii. Cario, <.Bii ii> aplll yiai ii ) Bep)'e iyoao apoi i apa api ypaioi a'i:
<.TllepHaaBa, o oa6,r,pyi ypaipyo'CPP - oa)axaioa,ro-pouiH
p19 4 1_ 195 0 (Ki, 1989), . 27, 32,54, 64 (cya) ; IA o'
. 1,o' 23,p. 441,ap.S. (Aai);IABOB' . 2' o. 7, p.345,
ap' 85_86 (opa).
6Iv(Ao,
. 1,o. 23,p.451,p. 1-3 (y6,riiiai i);Pdc pai, 5 pll 1943,. 4 (puei a <.o6ap>).
oi Ba, Bu Ki: ,m eminpo orcur(Ki,
1978)'. 75 i 80.

64

Poi nepu. P\i ioi nmpiomu

jlB pa i ailI poi _ Ba.ci oryi aoN{po,'Iio- ts3Boll a Tp y.apal,r

ieIIoi poi. a io' Haa aia o.

a oy o6oy. Tpe6a }I IlaHoBo yya o . o oo aBatl eo opoo HaIai ivi i epoi, o 6$yIIo 6opo 3a opai. Bi
Coa i Boopa, oo i a, llovp lll.llta i pa, o o iooo, oa p i a oo a 6o irx _ i
tso )epTBy:ltsoy ypaioi pa...
eo ii i.a,_ 6ye llai paii ,
oii a oopi!,>65.

Hpoyio' aa aa a p'e'
oo oa pe.aTopae.r.iili irpai epea}I<.aoiiopii pai> ic o oo i aioi ao aHpe.i.
pi oo, aioaiTH <.aie BaBBo>
(i_pai) Byo <.Iopitopai i aailII o pitiai> I. pea (p'a) a pB.aooo <.IopipaiI ,Hapo.'a>
(1929) i. a3o <.Iopipai>. o p'e oTyBaB rpyoit pa 3 ao ao aBo' .aepepyya <.opo p iopii pai> .(pa floporea' Iaoa}Ioo ypaioo ia, iipa aop.o pa 3a
aay. oa aBop paya ypai ai
6' iopii i ipBatleraTiai poio oia66.
<.Pa.apaia> 6a ai yp6oaa aioai oypeHa y opyai a'i, o ia i opei ai. i 1943 poy aeTaoyaa.
aioaioo iopa Iaa oaa, il' i665ILAo,
. 1, lI. 23, p. 2858,ap. 22-23 (ppyoao aoi
y6iauii).
66 .I|'.:I. K[p',lf' M icmopi piu (Fldkih, 1947),
. 47_48' po .a.illip'ea i a i .:
po.I[ae,<.Iap'B - iop pai> y .: Ialt
plt' Imopipaiu (i, 1990)'. 5-21. po <pai
'
atlBo>ll.: Kgmprcumm rcpii:Sii l+ti,
|:208_
209.

Beuupaiuapo

65

o a iopi pai 3a Haao f6a. oaoi

oaTo' a a:}a'_ oH ap aioai,.{opoIeo' oyiya apay pooi po ypai rry. Ca aiac caTpvIoo opoaIoo Iaa, .,oBoo oo.ap'paoiapa pa oa, ooi, o po ia6y e B.a67.
Aop i i e 3a' o oao, 060 peo, - e Te) p'u, o6epo iya oi yiauii pi eoia.
paii pai ieeyaJI BekI6opo6y Ha .a
po i y aot(aBaTii oi o.oeiaaioia i aa,. ii 1943 poy pa
Bo' oie oia, o <.poaIaaioaiva opaiai> oi paiui aa Bpya p'ep.iipoi Maei-iry lopa.y' oy
BoBe}Io6aa ypaii 'o6 <<opy
(apay)
i eaeIyypaiy .ep)aBy poi>. Bo'
oi y oi ai i ypai ayoi a
Iuei,o6 Bo poya aep JIrry6iaii paii i aai. o ao Ta aaB piaBy aTT <.epyi p i pai>,.e }IaaaBcoe' o <<e
o}a y aloy eopaivo aoBi op iol eaeyep)I(aBy>.
Hai aoi aoIvry.oeo
o3
3
a oe. paopo
a.a
ia l{epaa Paa 1918 poy T)eoBo 6ya eae)I(H po i a apo ii. Ta i o Too' o
B a eooitl yoa Pa Co 6
ypaii 6eyio apa ooffi.
Cepoe aoo H apao aioio
poara.ooao poB ypaii pi a ieooi .oeIITaapii |942 _ a oay 1943
poy. poe i aa .ii ypai aioaii ( epeIo)ai yTa iui), i iopai po <(aioaiHpoara}Iy>,o Ii it.opa.e
epio (e ai.yloapi ()), e BpaB67Ppaia,9 |943, c, 4.
68AP,
. 6646' o. 1,. 4, . 9-10 (Beo' oi); Pc pia, 16 pa 1943,. 2_3 (Tva).
5. &79

66

Poinpu, Pdi ttiottotti nmpiomu

BaJIii po. Mo"'lo, Taii i,'tooa oTpo

ypai Ilaioai3,6o ioBaya.)yBa
peoiaoi iopvlroi iii, <.alli>
yia <<a<.e
ypai
o>,a
apo>aaa iai
poa i <.poi Hapo/(o>.oyra aTaioaiIIa popa otlTpyBiula 3ai pai ieai i uiopi Bop aey i
aioioi paHyypai iopvy a'T.
ooaa oao oop.Ioaaipa poioi
a paioi aIioaoia a pIIIoyeai i ,ollltso BoeB.a ,JIypaioi iireii ieooi e, o ix ii oa apo)yaT
eB ao iaa iepoi iooii. oai
|942 po eH pi o oio
o epeapBi ieooii (6) o y
ypBo i poo o ypai ayoi: <.ia i ypai aioai o apio' _ ae
ivoo, ic i 3 po6epo,>69.
3a i aiapo ooaoto oi}Io oBo oa ooBa poea
ypaioi paoi iop.loi a'i: paia aioHaaiopi Hao a6a.'ooBoi i aooaoi
ooii po poii po6ya a Ilepeoaii. Ae iepi apaB 3a oae oHi ipeBaeooy ieoo iopoo .oiy,pea ye ie rei iopi epoy o tlopao
lli tliolo .,oiaooapoy ipii7o. o oaTo
opayy pooi Apii a epTopiro pey6i oe 1943 poy popa ypaioo apioy aaxya oBy, ypaia ia yioa ope6 oiya
o 6ae yoo i.yo op}r poioi poi poioo apoy.

69IAo,
. 1,oIr.70, llp. 68, ap. 29.
7(,fl.:Dipsh Chakarty,<.Postolonialit
and the Atifi of Histoy:
W l rrl S 1lrksfo ..I ndin'' Psts?> Reprsenttions37 (|992): 1- 26.

P o i P y

Hopy
o3
yiauiaiooioyi poeTapooiepaioiyIuo)aBBa)I(aTpe1943 poy, o <.lepaioa>epa6 io PP. Ho
i oaB p.a: <<olo3o ea-

pey6i ii / ai ' aa
oy
Ba Py>,_ i e iepaIoBo
oiui oi _ ir poioo Ta
pa.HooapioN{.
po, o
pei
Te)
eadapopoii
3c3a BopeH
aHii.<e2|oo1944po ypaiepiTBooooooyp a pa e i yy. iti
oTpa pooi 6 apii otloo iy
oa-poaaa, i o.a:rioo oopTy:
Mory iapaia, o'llapaii oi epaia i iopapy6a poia.Ta aaB
6paep!aa ooi!/ 3eT i pepeo:<(aBa
poi
paiao'l.aa3oB./ 3 6paepl\,t
A
apooy oi / [o ac apo.pai pro>.
epa poa araooo api Byaa a: <.,
apoi-6pai.
paio, iyra ica / B otoipaI
/ i pi pia,i i ia,/ , paio,
oiii>t.
I Kmpe 6iumo paii PCP (Ki, 1961),o 2' , |7
(ypai oyp); P' . 17, olr. |25',300(oyp ilrlx py6iax);rAo' . 1' o. 23, p. 1608,ap.6 i 8 (TvlIa
aa).
5'

68

Poipzu.IInopltu
co:l

oa plryiarlioBI{,i ili o6epirrJe TaB|4co aipoo Ipol.laBpai, 3atIyJI o}typ i iizL'IeT i y iy a yxy o
o lloo epi 1946 poy. oipi B)l:]aao
ep oaa tioot'io,liooIloooatI' To)It ooa Arilrpoy pri apo apotloya, a6 i <.ttoaaiit, o paia _ pa,tlaoia.iaplryia>.ll rli,r Too' 1948 poy p|7t||4c
T pa eHi i i, ypairli ioo ypoo aBep pia io
T, acanly iaopi To i o2.
olla ireoiuitle pitetltla oa 1944 poy 6yo
llt pBoilttr,ai apoBa)I(Hop ii
peltyi. 3i .o pa.oi oyuii i 1 oo,oM pey6ia},{pao a Bay api Ta oaHi o io llxaa. Haipoiirrle oe ii aopo _ aa Caitlaoo IIpe.aBTa
i pey,li ooH, oua, ie ie, i yB a.oBoHTcIxepoa i _
PP aao' pai a iopyi3. Bi, aoiri oi.)eypai ayoriB oaylo' o peydiaa pia y)Iepoo oTaJIao otlTyui
i. ii ae payBJI i <.oBp y po6y.oiypaioi pa>'I o irrrui pey6i BilI i a eei apoaT aopo pa, paia ay L IIa BaH Iapo oiapi otrpo. Bi t944 poy pyIo a apo o6opo eepa-ea
Ba epaeo popo6 a Bop ooioo iipTl]a 3 aIMpporaTa ooBaI(ttM' Ta i i iiepo poT. eplrl
apo aOp,opaB MeII oalp opiy Ta ao I]3opai:loByBaTpaB)I(Hiipo,
o B lri t944 po oo aitI a i oai flptt
Marlyia. pai ilriepBo aop.orIpaB
, I v[Ao,
. 1, o. 23, p. 2782' ap,2 ( Aalrpo);imepmplZlem,24tt1948,. 1 (aepiy).
Simon, Ntionlin nd Polic,189_ 190.
a
l,:B. A. prle,<.pHapoa o6opoll PP 1944p.:
3 iopii oii o,rirl.toip>, pahrcutiicmopuuurp, N 5

o
Poipzu.I.Inopu

69

y Booei i .opoBiopi llpoi}ryBaoo poa Pa,HooCory.

oai t944 po ypaia Baa oooa po
ll1 o.tl allta(llt aiopu po - BaTToM pailr Pa.IIoi. pa a
ooBOo peaopa ayi oo t ie ii.
ToB. AapoB' lil coB e
iy oi <<3
a
i.ltBo llyy, yy oB. aoa po Te' o Taa
Cia
paia paa Jloei pa a ai>5.
tIaB.'a
Baa
oTaoBaPH PP i ()
ypi
OaaTepoi.re y
oii - <<rpyTol]o
ellopyIHy y ypairr oo apolty >,aoOtsl<<
*, .o., y*piino*oo poioo apoi>. Pe6iaoi oF{ aJI a6i aip aBpI'llT.Ba,T
pop}I
poy
i
oBeo
i o 1955 poy, a 1947

pei ii opoox poi oH aIToByo

a aai, o a eJIepo3i pelrlo. Ba:ire e,
tlo BotI opyloT' ii llo, o.tto3}Iai
Ha op a ii ieppeauii apioi iii By(1991): 29_37; irt , <.opeHapooo oiapiay aopo
pa paiItoi PCP: poe i pa-rii (1944-|945 pp.)>;T'ttlo,
N 3 (1995):35-46; Prcpai,8roo |944' c. l (epoa
TaTpo p)arreiuo); 6 -ltoo|944, , |;5 6epe |944'

por aoa, io illpaIoaBi aIro, ioip

Cia (Wnei G. Hahn, Posttor Sooiet Politis: The Fall
.i,"*o.""'
of Zhdanot.lnd the Defet of Modrtion [Ithaa, 1982]'. 19-66).
6 Pac paia, 15 oia |944, . 1 (a Itoii);
I A BOB, .4750, o. 1 , p . 2 , ap . |-2 ; crtp ,1 3 , ap . 1 3 _ 1 4 ( ip. 17;. 2, o. 7,ctp.2747'
i oi, pi paltiao.lli);
ap. 20; crp,3927,ap. 54_55 (o 6yo oao |947).

70

Poipzu,I{nopu
co

IIa :li <<I{ai T Bop[l>

paii. Hoa oiia
pi allioatroi a'i opya y Baoii epy
a pepii: ypaii ieoo iya aaaJIc
pp iopvy iooito Boo apo.y iep
ypo poioo pBa.

Me,ora
paiaapiova
poaraa
iai

yaaoeoe1943poy,o epoaApi lllo

poyBzt.a
popipey6i.I oa aioy-

e IaJIIIIaJIo ooB}I aepio

y i poarai,

pa-

e poyipaioiiopoia'i ivyoio' 3aaop.eHao,aaoo_ oooi

l/le' al o)t(a poTx( ii opi' tl:l)B-

o y oey i aoya, o pt epTap ypaioi oapii p i.e<.3a'oBoH"'o'. B ipia

6epi opri eepal\,l'y pyo 31 p' n"i.,""
Caiy i pai:
<. 3'y poIlo BBotI pai i .a oiH poa io optl o.a
oo i aopo)ya oiupi a pai pooi Apii [i peHo:3a 3y y pai
BBoHHypaioi i i i ap6i].
7
floelto, ocnodu,19 1. op. ya po aya opi yopoa,
yoa Hoo pda' 30 |942, . l. oeo n-*uu
o Hel}oipy i ypai Ili, o6iiyli:lJlo oiypai poy a poaraiapi.

u,o

71

oioll po aBal{H aoo opa ,'I l.HtI eP 6ii poi Apii' :topa p ypaioi ii a. 3 oo6;l :]aBao l llltlt{H
6 pilt ttoiort Ilpo apotsa)Itlt op..etla
oaa -rlOo p.'ypaloo llapoy' pa.
ioi i t l,lirii. o ,'l y o}l'Ip.
i .6;Ilt rra pailli pa i i lto.iloo, 6tlpo 3a BBOH pai a 6 i
. IIa (ueuu) ypaioo Hpo. 3 Hapoo poi. o lti ope}r op.a oo ilti aT
opi6e lIoi atl o8.

Plr6iai ,ri BopoByBa oHT poio-ypaioi py}(6, o poBa alo:Ulya.y i ooayoT ii yeooo iepo iooi. pa pa.iooi apai o po i Poi yiaui ypaioi aiocTaBI4
aoi iopii.
flpyoo Bep pyo oio ayoi oo Paapo PP oi aay po yxay aia:
<.poBoy a aHyBa iooo opa oaa eoo i o. Caia opa>g.poo
Bpe i p paix y.,oiy apoi oi e oaa py paIoa,l a..ia opa. I{iao' o pai epio ao ai tsopa
ii aaoooii.a6e pai, a poi api llpia TaHa.epei IlpO T oa.pa ae - ypaioo o)I(a-paia,
)B oi. Bi apooyBa epo opaoa ipy riapoi, B Tpi - oppe eoo' B3 _ oo i', aae ypaio oBo( oa
M' Haa'a e 3 o., y poii)l0.
I{e o oooe po Tope oBoo opa Cai pirB o oo poara ee, o,E |[/[Ao,. 1,o.23,p.355'ap.2l-22.
, rI/lAo, 1,o.23,p.463'ap.11;p.355,
ap.20.
.
l0 i xapioo .: IIAO, . 1, oIl.23, cp.355,ap.
oypy oi
26_42; a yol{o a ap, 12' po .oao
a yi aIa.:.I[plro,paicup acuicmopuuu
rcuonu.56.

72

Poidpzu.Hnopuo

oao lIpaBIIIio pea a epeI,tlll. Poyilo' lllo .o iea, e 1654 poy

yo i7lIaopoio-ypaiy o,ea6apo yi poIla Api, p'ou BepyB o peaTopa<.pa> pa ottoa, 06 o aai.aoB pyIri i ypailt Htli,i o a pe6a oi (Tva, aall, Pcfl i floo),
iiloii pollaral{i aepi po eIIoo. I oa oo tlztao adilll BoooTaB tIoBi-icooi,ill oia po epeya apoaIroioy alI' i .o pyoa
alIaBoo oi illooH ao aoa. op ilI Ca.i i oo pai ai pyo ai
pilyit ypaii aIl' H ya aapa
B(6)12.
{oo epoa Api afla pea, oi
ypaii ae ollyi I13oao a IIpoIlaraT a. oaoo )oT <.paa>apyIyBaaaoa opi tIya po aHyBa oPa o.aaoo. Haaa ypai }la a6o a ioi yaT poia epeoB ipBaapoJIoo o6'ai pai Poi:
Co ay ypaiHapoi' oaaoo,oo 6i poiIlapo,
ooai oT BIlo
oBaoi 6o'yi apo Pa-

tloo Coy, Toy o 3 I\,rHepopBo oB'aa

opo6a ypaioo llpo.y ie i yoo pa' 3 Ir,t
otl'iopv o'a ypaioOi poioo apoi,6pa or ypaioo
i poioo ltpoi... Ha6il oi i oo y' ilr vyoo poyi, ItIoopyl{oypailloo Ilapoy ox{"'Ii I{a o/Illoy lIIy - y oi oo

ll llclt<l _ aIrP()oIlyairl rI oo
oi pooi. J'Ipa Ca,'ria plltoy, llai tllo o :r6ptllI, oi'
oy IIpo oo po, o)a i oaya 3 ayr{ aa
po: oJ'I ) oooT po pBa' <.eB 3at1pooy3i11>(TT.Ao' . 1, o. 23, p. 355, ap. 15).
l, ILAo,
. 1, oll. 23, p. 328, ap. 15.

u,oee
pa poi apoo... o6'ai o 6pa. apoi _ poioo i paittoo - BtIa
ipa ajlya ot.aattool:i.

paii aT pooyBa oy iepllparti. po <.Pa,lIi paii> ya oo aioalloo epo - <<ooo/lel{ Ta BoJITJI i ypaiIII( 3e i. oi,>. Bi ay.
B olllPey o , i e;II.I ara epaB ooip ao oa aeBpo, a oai po )T ai 6pac IlopBaT Moo. pii epooo Ta i aoo oaTy o-

i o6'aT 3 Poi i i 6aa 6irac ioi

pa ypaioo apola.
Apii aTepiia, o I{oBaoiia ippeai o6'aFIpai Poi dpaToo oy a
<< , OO ttpatsJlol'o

txJly>'

a He <<llloo Xa>>'B-

a B aapaTi (6) i e,ro ipot rpyTyBaa a pa Mo pooo, pBopoo aiu

a 6ie, vepH Ta ii ioo <.pea6iiaopa>.
T oTaoB peii Bpxooi Pa PCP po ayBa op.eao.aaoo i pea paBa,a Tao 6iri poi poaraT
apii oTya i i i i TeT i
iepy' o ypapo << .
pa tx>15.
ia aioaa iooi iopoBaa poii,
p6iaHi i.ooopya py epi
ypaioi paoi iopvoi a'i. Topvi iiapioy poaraHy.
rii .o3Boopo.oB)IyBaT
Tpaoo )oBT Tpalrai py6iaa pe
ooo po peeyBaHpaa a epaBe _ <.aillay a'i oo a paii ooo pai ooo apoy, .p)I(aBoo.ia
ip
ay eaa B
e.lloo>.
aa
<.Paa
paia> aa
o6'.'aipai Poii, aTa
1pd,11 o 194,c.|.
1^
Pacapia,12o 1943,.3.
15I A o ,
. 1,o . 23 ,p .3 2 8 ' ap . 1 -7 .

74

Po1idpzu.I{nopuo

Mu,o ee

ooo pa paTpHoi apiooi pop' iil e;loO o pi 6aa aii: <.B)a a[Ioo l{apoy e.re, y , apa po oaa
e oO> l6.

i a i pa.Heio oa.yBaBpo 9 opi oaa eool7.op oo opea ipo, o peaiiaui oaoi iooii
eBopoTa.Ta ooa opa eoo oiioy
ypi eoioBa:B3BoTpai i 6ir
epeBopBa a o'yaa pai PoiIo.
Ha ovay ep 1943 po epoa Api oH 3a o..
6paa pii ia, a <.Paapaia> pyyBaa ai po iopy po i. Iop ypai oaJI I{a <<Tpaiioe6 pe.i>,opy i a oa BaTa)i18.Tp pltloo
)oB aa a:]aia iy opiy i a TpoBoo <.Hea y Boo ypaioo apo.y>.
Ca, ai BIaJI
opeolo porypo' ooIo B
iopilo pai _ i ioi Pyi o Beoi Bioi
i. i i Coaa, Boopa ooaa, Poaa MaBa i fiaa aoo aBao Bo)'
3aopoy Ci _ <<oaTo
ooi ypaioi epa>(
i a a T' o ia Py 6ao ypaio
paolo), a ai eopii <<}lIIIoo
a>' po y ai
3ao'Bopao oiitopoT:<.1654poy
paia aa Poi epopBpapo>.Haperi, y epoy peei ai po opyBaB
rroBe po-erelBe oa ypaioo Volksgeist,
e ioi ao oopB o.aypai ayo .oiei oii pooBa: <.Iopiypaioo Hapoy _ e iopi ooi i aoi opo6 po
pi y)o aap6i, po oiaoo i aiotloo i, a o33' a B i ypaii epa|6pd, 13 o |943, . |; Pa
pi, 13 ro 1943,. 1.
17. A. oeo' A. . Poo, ope
u euCP,2. . (o ,1978)'. 71.
|8Pa rcpi,24 pec 1943,.3; 25
p 1943,. 4;29 e1l 1943,. 3. I{aa _ 3 aB ai pooo vi a24 el \.l l ,l .

B
I

75

i, a aoBe eopyIIIHoooy pai poi

apoo>l9.
i oo 6 oaa epoa Api o6ya i,
pyo 3 iI ypai pial\{ .a BptItI <.[o ypaioo apoy>' poaB iei peoi oi pai> a oa a
<<aBoi
<<ay
o.aa oo, epa Caaaoo, Tapa.
a IIIa i o {opa>- opo api.o6p
iooo paoo ypaioo aoy B pei.
I oea .oB}eai.oo, o BepHe}Ie ioyaa pya pai i a oi pi o20.Ba ypai o Ma P yB oi Ha poTx 6opa Aaeii ay CPCP
i ooi <.i iopii pai>. opv ypaio apiovo popolo' y }Ba o 1943
poy, Bi po6 vp o.poBy ypaioi yp i aait aiB.o )rao. H peaooly po 6itooi poii oopooo Il{o'
P oopB po i ypaioi yyp poo)(oi. Bi poa oai <<op> a
IaoyBa <.6 peai paioi iopoi ay>: iopi I oi ooapoa, yita, AoHoa' aapeoo, eoo' ei Hayooo oBapBa iei e}Ia' pytoo i oo <<oyaHy> <.Iopitopai-Py> _ i x, oo pe io apBil aioii. <.Pa,apaia>,
i ar' p.PyyBaaoBH oo poo2t.
paii i pooB)I{Baipya pilo
aiooi a'i pi p: o6o'' ,r()oa paHa ai aa 6a po Bo ei a',}Iy'
o Bpaa Boi oa, a ao oy, o Bo pai 6 ip oi aii. oa o yioBa eo6ii o . a poaray ypaioi a e.
ai a'it BxaH iopuoi ei Poii,
|9Ppi' 31 ro 1943,. 3; M. H. epo, Hlttu euozopicozoapo(api, 1943)' . 6 i 10. prpe ai - . 3.
20Pacpaia,18 oaa 1943,. 1;.oo,ocnou,195.
2|Paapia, 10 py |943, c. 3-4.

76

pmumpitioodi

Po\i pzu.Henopuo

poy io epa [ a ypaii oa, i laJIvIIlIIplc

oy ip' aB.;lJIopa:] IBe.oopoIo apy
II i oo oIo}IoBi a aei, i.eao aoo.
a ooai iooii ope6. pooi yaIoBa
rropylll o poi i paii a ay)ya ypai aurx aioaii2a. oi 1944 poy <.pxtla paia> oydiaa pooy pe.olo<.Be.
a Py> po.yapo ep po ooo paoo iy a ypo aetttl <.ari6oi> .o
Beoi Pyi _ o aa a yai iopva Poi25.Ha ie t944 poy B 6iroi oii i po ypaie
ye io apia ie poioo pyBa}I. Bo BtIoT oy poioy apooi a opia ypaioi p .ooBaJIcpya o.a Caioi, apii a.ep)ai. I{e 6ya iaa oiai
oo' o flepi py a3a aio l\,lop:loeooio 6eeoi Bo a.ia e26.

o o. .o oo ypaii ioo ieya

oyBa o6o'aYINII
ipe, o i epi aioaoi a'i ipie i aioaioo apiy,
i y oo oTpao ae ooBa epopi.
oaa apIl,lieooi 3i, ypai api aapa BopaB aooiyaoy _ 290 poi paoi yo. ii 1944 po' Hapiui o 1943
poy pyoB aB Caiy:
Biia.ooi 1944 po BoB290 poi
p a pai o Poii a ooopo,e
y . peai-oy(6eal - C' . ) oao eI\,l.

() pai pooBoyiya piv 3 o,ya y :uleyaiopyriaipo

o6'aypaiooa poiooapoi,y poBaa paii ii a ypaio-ii
aioil...
a ea iya pa.oiBa a
paii .aai.aa
epl22.
a oo epeeoo Bya epyoi
a 6.0 po i o.'ooBo o ae,
io a iri y iax. oeo, Cai a
a e oy, i 18 i t944po ypaia Baa ia.ra 290 poi epeaoi yo. Pa6iiai eoo oepya iopi a'i aioao-o}Iy
6opo6y epai,aoi ooBe y epeaBa Boiya oiay pyi poioo apoo paa. eii B}I(ee aoolllyzl' o 1654 poy paia praac opoi Poii, a ep.oBi aa y
<.Ce o3>,aao' aaDI( i.o i opi <.eroo a'>23.
Booo II t944 po i6yo BoBe aia
Aaeii ay PCP a o}Ip3 ao. eI <<pyoo>
ie _ 235-\ pivi oaoi . oaa,.e 1709
22TT'AO, 1, o. 70, p. 91, ap. 44;clcoaaoBa}I
Bya
.
i a ap. 45-47.
2
[vl...Pa rcpai,18 i 7944,c. I i Peumo, |8
<'i,l|944,c. 1_2.

77

pa api ooi
oa ooB}Iypo y iopyai ypaioi aioaoiiooii [i poioyaaooiiipa.
ypaii dpopal'ieeya,oa 3aIa oTopotloo poey.i oo apii 1943
poy B.:lo
3o6ypaivyepeBaryy ii, apie
epioao poyi, o oy 1I.o8o.06oIIII.
Pe poiaioaal'ei,acvIt<.
1945
(pea
po
oi.oa
opi aaoiPP>
oo
poy)27.IJ.epyaBepellyipoT y a:}a
I

2aPcapai,9 1944'c. 2.
25Pca pia, 17 xo |944' c. 3.
26
Jff Brooks, Thanh You, Corade Stlin! Souiet Publi ulfure from
Reoolution to Cold War (Pritceton, 2000).
27a yxe o o.iaoo <.opaaxo CCP> ..:
Tilltt, The Great Findship,70-83. Api B(6) iply,
o )ryyy a Ciy pi, a fi pA
or aepyBa poa i apoi oBa
poioi opo6 IIpoT ooiaopi. Cipeaop tI]
Aa apaoa oap)Jla Ariporr, a oo ooBa feopri

78

Poizu. Hnopuco

pmumpiit
ooi

aioepoi,i 6opopo apoiPoii. Bao yo ipiya oi6y poByflaoi ao.

y oaoioy,oa oa Bo.rropoo HBooe
opyBaa
poaypaioi iopvoi iooii.
i Boera ypaia Baaopaiya
pyy eHiaa ipfl <lcypaioo }Iapoyeo poioy Hapoy> y6iaii y
<.pai>.
peo, o ypaii o i e a:}Bai py <<Be>
apo.oPP, oa aao,o.Ba
pai apo lo6i oi iopvi popao.I{
cT_ aeippoio-ypaiipy6ia poioy pya_ 6yu poopai ypai
<<e
pi>o oBaprio 6poi },.laxi poi epoi.oa, a Ir{yAapoa'3 IcTa
B-

a.yypaii Bp.}e,
i6 flao a oo-

op ' ra Mo IaJIIII]aJIype'|B|4. pa o a.po pyaB oaI c a

Aapo aopvie ay Pa <apoiy>.

,lI.:PAC, , |7 , orl.|25, .224, .4,23_25 i 36-43. Ho. 6aoa a apia ai aioi oi iopii aay i B pyolv1ypoii pii: Ptr A. Blitstein, Stlin,s Ntions:
Souiet Ntionalit Poli beton Planning nd Primordialisn, 1936_1953,
Ph.D. dissetation(Univsit of Califonia, Berkly, 1999).
28PAC,
. 17,o. 125,. |90, .26_27..{ooaaBy oe}Iy,o ioyaa a aa pya ypai i a
oi pi o (.(oxo, oclou,|95).

,fi
*I

79

ipo Ta pya ypai yuiopi i i i. i a ypivi Cai oo6Toya oB)I(ea

B ToMy'o i piyii,ipaiotI:lJIH
opi6ie,iaoy 6opoy.I oa o po aip aioaopi paiui, Cai e
ep.yaB,
o oa pey poiy B;oo o6popoaepaiooapioyi iaoi po6ooyay'apii Ta ooii29.
e y
(po oo .aieB ayoy poii) a va
aayBaBpaiapoi.eooii : yepell.o
iepii,a H aa..o
aooioiapo.
tlaaop' ypaii
.iea3a o.III
oBtIopoy }IaayBa
IlIx.oooi oiioi ieppeaii aoo aioaoo}Iyoo.3a pa 6aaci aioaoloiopiroa aoaaio, iypaioaioaoopii oiya ep.apIIIpoi 6pao ,vIBIoc
e Ta y)e
eo.
Caxio, ypaii iooai i, ay pluyepoypo6y aao iopv e.
B apii (6) epiaIoriooipyua 3 iopii pai, io o6ai. Ha
)I(oapi pilpo oaol pioTyBa}Iii 'Toya6 ii iya _ a aaa,
aeiopi pai e ya ripeeo(oi ropi va iopi CPP). Ta oa aopo ey 6y
oo ypai iop epo, peaopo _
o i ix oei pey6i P, a a oo
oa o a opiy' o}apy,o popii.apiiapiva 6y ipaaoiioy
i i eoi,ae io peooByBa,o y 1942t943 poa ypaie epioaoaip Beaioay iopilo .ooioi popa.36epevIcla.oyeI,i iep.y
ioy.B oai 1942po
29T ix oapi roaooy6iyao:. B. Ca,
o a o6a aoaBpa}rB ooe fioeo <paa B oHe>'cccmo uo, I& a (1990):
84-96. epiy eatly ouiy poay Aripoo .: PAC,
. 17'o . |25,. 2|2' . |_ 3 .

80

Poi 1pzu, Henopttutl

pmucmapi oodi

81

po iia aiyay iio poara

ariaii oei llll, o pa a ipytlo ae
aBp[Iea,a 6epei |94 poy oiopya TpoBoo:<.lao aH po tloo [ipyl
y.eoaoo po'3ao>30.
Heo, o po a i 3aBep[I..(o pa oeHopae eay peei o araa' a i.,o )e 1943 poy aop apiooo <..(aaaoo>>Ba)aaioay iopi iopio i opyc o aoBoo aaiy. ara epBo
oie ip pa a 3pa3o <.M,ii i Beoo ypai oo apo.'y, ula o oo a .ia>
a popyaB epooo 3a ioy i aioo
poyi epaoo ooopy <<lllooa>31.
o, poe o apT epe oo apio, aioa y; o)o,ypaii i.eoopilll, o oia yai e p . ypaioi iopii o
oioi popa; a o)' oa ooa po o.tl
eo io, i oo e 3aIlIocil iy.
Ho opo o ypaioi iopii - <.Bo33' Ha ypaioo apo.y ri paii pai
aBTopTa o epooo _ l'.Bc a o.pai>
aTy 1944 po, o epoa Api epya oti
o op,oi ya a epopi 3aioi pai.
i oH
oii api ao <.ot>
aao a.pyBaBopoe api poio oBoto'
a oi TeT6y oioa paio oBo B ooi aei pey6i _ <.Paipaii>. pau .zlTaox opolo poryporo ypaio oBo (aa
42000) i oo y oi poioIo (aa 25 000)32.oo

pa po apooyBa po iry eiii ypaioi iopii: <.Iopiypaioo apoy _ u iopi iooi opo apoH a poT oiaoo i aiooo oe 3a Bo33' a .iypaii epai,
a o6'.a 6pai opo poi ilpo.(o>.
Ho oae i6o opo oi 6opo6y a fi
poii oii, e B aoy TiaBTop ipeaBTp
ooi Te: ypaia epai, 3axia paia _ oio ypaia 3ea iopi ' pai Poi.
oi Bepii 6poryp oIoB:lo'o oto i Poi e
pB iepa ypaioo p)aBoo yiTBa.
oa a eoo paia ya <ea)oloep)aBoIo>y opi oaoi pyi' <<p tlyo Poii,
oa epiaaBo.epai>.
poe i o i Poi, i
peoi e 6eooi peyaopaioi iopii. epo ia po iopvo o'ra
ypaiui y ii ai aioai epai,o oo 1939
po i CPCP33. op i oa a ao 6opoy, aop pTa ypaiy iopiro eTaapa aii, a ai aii, a iaIIIa Bo rioi aopaiai 6aaoaioai iepii.
po i Bo peyTai oooo ypaioo iopa oie BBoBoy6iaui. 1944 poy
oaHeooB B.aopyBilo oo 6potyP <.oae>, a BoByBaaoBaHH
eoo <.aiozUIIIo-B3Boy
iy'>,a oai
<.oiiapa poiv paui ypaioo apo}>. po Ta ao peTaBBo i oo
aip, o oo Ta eaB i ouay i. iao, o

30Il/{Ao,
. 1, o. 70, p.68, ap. 26_27 (epoo a);
p. 46, ap. 117 (). ay aoy6ioaol. em
omimapu'1:116.
l ILo,
. 1, o.70, p. 153,ap. |-272. Pei raai
_ a ap. 8.
a ap' 1_3, ipepH}I
32H' epo, BooHtIeypa}IooHapoa B }Ioypatlo oo oyapBe,oeu,N 2 (1944): 42_55; P pai,29 oo |944, c.4; 1 pe 1944,c.3-; . p, Bo,ttpicozo po euipici pai
ipi( Ki, 1944);||. po, Boccoeuu
puclozo|tpo-

(oa, 1944). pory eduo|plu|Koil

oemcozopcm
pa poio oo oprul pi-aip <opvo
ypa>,.: . po, pe. a Bocoeueue
Kpauozopoa
uopuc|o'|omKol|zogdpcmeH. empoozo'mopuueu ugp,Nb 12 (1944):74_75.1941poy pooao
pyy 6iuly rr)y i ao H:lo,:lpyo a}ryi va
ayuii. Iop oia 3 ao io o , i
potio BB;DaBaptCaioi pii. fl. II.Ao, . 1, o. 70,
p. 68, ap. 26 3.;p. 840,ap. 1.
3:]epof,t,Boccoueue,
| i 33.
6 .8 -7 9

82

PoLadpzu.Hnopuol

Tl]opII H ()r)palt, l lo() I\tvts ()y)IIo p:]oy.

l]a].:JToI'oaII]'a}l: <<HapvIIiIrI
i I]()()lC}>>,
<<.].a.laOl].
tl.o().L,Ir,
l]llpaBI{ opaT()p' I'iIaTil ILII,lo}taT>>.
JIlt IaHvljlt-llt,.ltrItoI'o<<Bo)/'{>,oo
Bopo <lpalIi:yaI,l
lIpoT I{ol.o Ila'l <.pop
21,>,BiH ltpyBa oi ia l <.a;liIItlllIo;tioi<<po:]pa...
T>>'
3 OIIO:]I(iIIoI0
pyllol() aTIl O3aIloi .apr...a ia illllr III ;l palli >,:plo),Bi ll <<
IIIaIloIIpllylllya y:t-y ooil>.
aa oa ) po()o IIozL'IaIIoTy)i cra;l
oo aa. I oa 3a ltIloo i.o ll B)tsaBo.
<<TpaT>
3tsopoy <.oIlr:tl'itla
py>, oll (ly,'Iaoi aa C.a.tilIa. A to .oa pai .llIIo IIa lro'ra i illi ypairli i a
o'a pairl P<li ts()Opoil} paoop <.P C()'', allaoi titoa .l.aoi CaiI{ T IloBol:Ja.
a"'lilIi .Ia}tpie yJI pe
6o <.'TaTVI>>
a oOlvloI.oIo
T()oalllito i o6pai.
op i 3v,'I lIilltlpItyl]T ypaiIIy llaioIia"ly lIa}I'T oi poii iltrlpi itllii, ii allira pi ao oypyBa;ra :] poio iplpeai T a <l;]i.1943 po <.opeo )pH:lJI>poi itlp Baiip aryo a3tsalaa ,roo
<<PII3>>'
pya <<p,>
}Iapoo a <<))I(Iropy>>M. elllI A;t ro y oi polltpi 1944 po a ao BBa)aB 3 i oo iai <.p> a, pi oo':]aI]B'o <<apoil.,'lIr,o
Boi ltpli pi: op,'Ili iop po6ya,
tlpo , T I I ,i p o i o [ p l], i ip
ai, i lleoalt, o,\,lt',ro O B,oi Pi (o6o
Po ii. - . . ), , . opi p o a I ] I I p O o ,.I lI pio .
,'Ioi iopii, )olllI "IIoB()
He 3l.ay lIpO opya
ypioi oa (l po.oypaitli alioltil,oT35.
:].1
H. [I. poii, Ijozt X,ut,uu (o, 1944), c.6 (o); u, i v. lta aa.oiltli .r.a,lilt<lt,
a .tlpilra. 9, 13'
26' 2 9 ( < p p v 21'>), 38, 40(<<p o Irp aBB3 o l l o :] l t i o r op o>)' 56_57 ( <.lrIIlilz'l()
ll,rIVIItva
v.,1-yooil,>).
t5 B aIvo,
flall.'I zurIt, mopuucu rcpl }lb 3-4 (1943):
''|7-44; . )o,
/Itz uu (l, 1944), c.55; . . peo,

83

pmumpi ooi

o.oao oi ipllpalii ts:aJl

pairri io. a
a
opilla
p IIII,pi;oIIaBi
pOpa;li.ii y6iaii io pOlt i/ayB:l
IIpoapi aoBy"iixoi .
i TBp.,),
eTioi illio iop.
oi 6opo6 a yTBep.)IeH
Poii. Hapai i a oT
i
pairI
}Ioiopiur}IoT
OtsoioilliIroi iopvitli
e yepe Tp:lItoy
_
6aroaoy o3 Poir. Iopa paoi a'i
ia tut 6y vo ope i tlo6, o(l tsoa oa ya otl o 6paolo Poi. a it, i
peaaBoa a6epo iy opiliT,
6 ootso.ypailIl,oi pa.oiaioa ot(a
ao.L{i apyeT llo3Bopai ir.eaaioay IIa'Ti paoi la aaT <<BoIo)>
Boo Bo3Poii.
Hapa' t944 poy opivy popyBa pyO dpoIypiT po oaa I(oo. oi peii ypaiH paap BaaaiT i
I{a <<pai>
Py,>i <<p}>
oB <.i,eo-aia
t Tao aeireoa3aTo<.pai,>,
o - ooBo. epaoo'ia_ Ta peaBy yo. Btloa opi apaTo.oa : <.To.iea
6io BTyaBioo, {oH.,aBo
oBil\,r
_
eoa,i opo apoy.Tep i i Boi o3ai ie o IIpoHyBaB
.>>.
aB oo
aBTopa oy pooo, <<apaoo
epio a paii>36.
i a opIlii iopi i ix IIapTii.ooiB a oTy 1945 poy poop o llopylII ag <<p}iaii>fiaa alloo B e}ITpa.
i pei. 0o6o i pTyBaB aTTIoa <,Topo )I(ypae>Ta 6polyp roa, i paa
...oJI.y
ao-Boe io BHoo <<3
C 6I

lra I r a ll

l]o o. l} a ) I lo, , tt, tll ,

a i.omopuuup,} 12 (194zr)..7'4. ro o.o;vI

p'u'. poall lIpo fuIalr.pHoo ii 'alr,'Ia,lttoo,
lpi,r 3aoJlo'
.:A. o, Pmo6opt(o, 1956).
3doIli puii i,'7 ilr 1944p. 6p tlo6o apii opia:II, . 435' o. 1,p. 508,ap. 1_3.
6'

84

Poipzu.Henoputu co

[Ioopyoo apo.a'',
e o'y6opeo
iopilo pai>.Hi apiiuioep,i oer-iopHe
apeyBBep)e
yoopo e' o <.flaoa r o.i rIpeiypaiooapo.y'a
ao oeap H o.i expeiBeopyooapo>37.
Teepyei poyiaioaoia'i opo.}y.
ao oi ieppeauiiyoo ipapi ei.
iepapi,6eio,aairi
i i6y api paaypii.<.oa>opiya oiypaioiopvo'ro oepo.II.
io 3aIIIa
api paaeapii IlIeeHaepIIIepeeaTpaTpy oBpyB eayaii pai. oIIa.Too
i 1944po Baolo<.o,aa
eo.
o>ip eo y apoi, a )I(e6 i api' oB3oo ipBaTI
eapao o a3s.op
e' atlip opiya BTpaBoIlIHoi
ayi:i e oiyao3 pai Poilo, a oo
aoepyae aapio.Ha oaI(ypaB 7945poy ypaiaBapy}IaBa apoi, 6o o o piaa.eerai
otlooypy oi,
a yi ooxypai ia poo.ir
}Ia oo-ypaioilp6. Po opiy apoapB Xpyo, o oi io e ii ioy oi aopyaopy <.Ia
Cyai>.oa aaa 1938 poy ' a rtee a.ooa ii yypi a pioo aiiy. o 1945
poy apia pya pe.aa
<.oaaeoo> oi, o.rip o6aI4JIv1y
oy <.3a6aao
ip i aaooi>39.
[a ovpa aaB'y <.p6ayp>, a ea6apo 6opoay <.oaaoo>a aopiloi iopuoipa. oepaai yPaioto i epao iproaiopi. oo ua]I
u p".37Il/IAo, 1,o.70,p.388,ap.4.
.
Ppai,11
i 1944,c.4;8i|944,c.4.
39IJl[Ao, 1,o. 23,p.1621,ap.64_66(apa
.
opivya);Pce
ucmemo'
18p1945,c.2 (ooipi).

pmuonapiooi

85

y6ii, ae i e aB BeoHoi a opiya. poe

iapou ap iptoaoi pa, aeBo' o6pe yo}I(ya 3 e}t oylvteao ploo TzllIIry. Tea 'l _ )t( .aToopaBoo ya ioi Pyi Beoo tI poaa poo (po pai 1019_1054) _ ioiaa }Iooy aioil,ty yopei>. I e ) a
i epoi i <<Be
poaolo' a.)I(
ieooio
6a
paapo iy Py
ap poi 6pa a ao B:DaBepaBy oao oi iopoi paii.
Toy e .Bo' o ypaii ioo BpTa a.
ao 6aao ya a ip ovep. o.oa oi oaooi Bepii ' , .aoa}Ia27 epec t944 po, 6epea e B apii aTopa'a apia (6). !po ay.
i, iip aop,ox pa i ip ap.a3 ieooi a'.'oo piBo a ' , po
6ei ayBa po iop a ooiy ooipi i
peuei iopi. Bi e ao iDaaBI.,oaoB
oo i.opio auioaioo' ae oo oa i.a
o6pa:eH i popo aeoorIl <.i.oi.>
aa ypoo ep)aHooya{o.
e o pip pyoy api xoB.,eoaBopoi epii ey.
pye' 6 ae p.aop BvIaJIvIvI
Bape oip
oio
ovepa
oi epeoi
i ooii

6ope
o.iepoaa, oo epo
a iTayo
i o oxo)tl}Ii i
epa Pyi poT . o, o po, ypti-pe,
o6pa o'inn, ae apii eop aai aa 6a)Iaia y' oy 6opo6y poaa i
3
o <.api>'a i oepeyBa .,paa,
po.
paBe
tly
.oopoToi a. Ta ao
atl <.ia arrloo' ep)IaBrroo i oo>' epa
Pi, 6o aii iopi a'i e ie eo
Moi, xoa B ua poaa ii e iao. 'i 6yo
ao eoPee aayBaH po oo' paBe epe
o oii yx / I ypi oo iapoo' <<oy
{oTLAO,. 1,o.70,p.837(epra
epi);IABOB' .4669,o.1'
clp. 124,ap.1_3 (oaayioo).

86
). / Hixo

Poi zu. Henopu co

e y.p aH III ylvlo' / lapo.

e6 e ro>.epo oi aoioo ieooa Bpeai pat.

Hapii 1944poy <poaypplit>3' iepaTyp}Ioyypi, a pyiai ae apyyBa
yp opy. <.Paapaia> 6paapo3ory eHy 3 ayil3ao}ro <.oiPyi>.eo aiia
p'ppalr{ apoi y epei 1946 poy oaa i
yTooo.iro
ieooitloyiai, poeya yiro i pHai Caii peii _ oepi i api
pyi{2.
opey e a.ao,o a ooaH aaa ao :leoo ea,i a.oi
<aa.i>
a iepioi ei, o}Ia6yo paioao ia poirx,l
pepeaiylIItI.Ia ya Boa 1943poy i .(epaoo iopooy39 apy <.ooio
y*" paooay eoy>.Hayoo poy i
oepHyBo pioo apoa,o6 aepe aeii oo_--<.paBa
paa>a <iaopoi>.
i [IIya oiya Moyili - c*l,
poiay oBo o Paoy Coi' epii oi aptl aa fleperya <a>6ae o}Ioii al(e eive, y.o)}Iy
Baa 6iura poa}Ii.
flpry opB ao BtIo
<.
ooi>opTpeaHaa3'
i a VIII paioi y.ooiBaB oai t945 poy p paepyoo6yyary a iopvi ap. Cepe adirrreo6oop,," <.i{' IAo1 1,o.70,p.836,ap.
!-6, 42,54,58 (rrya
.
Bap
apoy>).
T");t' 93(i)'77(<ypi

a-2
imepampai ucmmo,23 lcaa.7944,c,3; Patpi9.14 6p1945,. 4; 16 6epe|945,c.2 (pll);23
6ep
t945,c. 3 (oapeuei);Pae
u-e-o, |7 ,epec,
1946,
. (pe'pa);.p, pe.,Imopi
ii.,po*pu
pI'oi
-1
(Ki,1971),
o7:314_3|6.
a3lnop-i1
paiozoumm lucmumol|a|. 6: 27_29 (o6paeeei oo),46
(ya .(pry);
. ,''pen<l,pircu
pcrcu
ionoputurcuionuc,56'7. -

pmumpioodi

87

Io aopo)ui> y, <<o.,aa
eoo i oo> ioo yo)I(rrae Poa, epiro <.a> a opTpe eaa e3 fleperya. Ha lyy
pi, air 6ac 3 py <.xooiv>oppe eHoo. fleprya, aB op i3 , <.3 ' oi ao ipeo epoi' epBoy, Hai iuy opo6i [aa]. He ai o6pa
- oaa oapo.Hooo).'oooi |oH|4
yi
o )IBe
aPoH a>. oa oiuia pa PeyBaa a aBop y oy' v 6ya otla 6 iopa a', Boa a ao ela3a po3Bo iop.roo )apy paio ei, o6 i a 6aa
o yB a o6ay yy. ep.oB <.Pa.oy i> Bp)yli, o paBeia ai Bop <.i6a i aoi a 6aaoi a i
oii iopii ypaioo apo,>aa.
Ieooie epepoxe aii y aoHaoo
ao Poioi iepii epedao paiiai opo6y Ba .opeBoipoi iopi, aPa- Cpr Coooa a Baii eoo. Ta
ao ypaii iey:L i. a i oa oepa xaoi pyreoy po apipa paioi io.
piopaii, oa p poa oo ayJI I<ypyai}oo aioia i ai <.ara>.
oii a
eoo aioaoo po a poBoy
oi 1943 poy oTl i, oo Te. Hyoo .tI i ayBaH op.eHaeoo po aa <.Paipaiiu, o paui proo aT <<Bey
Bay> .,BBeHH eI{aoi o.
pri ai .'oo oy pyr ao Bp ep)I(e ypai iopi-aioaii ilIIoB y' o oa aao io e N{aaipy poipa o i oo. Ta BoBo ipi Bay
ie poBoo po ' o xe 3a'.lllaB
oy 6pai poi apoo. B iri ai epo BepI(yaB'o pyre,<poaaiya x.
aaPcilucmrmo' 20 oaa 1945,. 1-2 (puei a a.
y); 13 oa 1945'. 1 (epou).

88

Podidpzu.Henopuco

pea,i3 Baooy aeplri>po6 e ar

Btloo y pyi ai .B'Tooo a eoydioBaoy Toy oi, pyo oo paeas.
paii i eey,a aIIo Tao) a pa6iialtii poaoo <.paiopa>
I oi aeeoa yira, I2l-iiil i oo BTyBa cept 1944
poy. "ir6y pai aioaio aooy i poi oapio y Tapoy iIi,To) Bpaaoo
iopa e 6yo o.oio)Bo.po i i oaT IIoBa)ipoi aBopaepIoopaioo iopoo
poay <.opaPaa>( 1857)' o Too ) 6y ai ept piooB poaoa6.paii iepaypoai 1945 poy aoBopIpo e' o <.apiaeo6ii epyT I]a.y>iroo eHa-poaa I
oi, oo ) yla iopo-<.peaioepo>'o ooapoa: <.ByoBa ooiaoo oe
poy aioaoi iooi, o o p |poaT oi TBopa'ae oB poaoy i>a7.
II{e eoiair 6y pii ypaii a iooo <.peaioo>poioo a paioo oo)I(eHioa (o) oo.
135-y pi 3 oo apo)e y ii 1944 po
Ta <.Pai paii> poooa oo <<B o pai>a8.
Hapii i peydiai i.ooTa ieiri api y io Tpa',ypaioi yp I oi i.p. Coii ie ooa5Ppai,12o 1943,c.3;H.
po,poIlll pl Po 1654 ol, mopuu|pItJ|'
Nb 1 ( 1944):
52. T 9-o .oyrle.aria a tloi.{.: Mao
pyr,Imopi piu-P (Ki, 1996_1997),o 9, aa
|' c. 7 20' 7 84; aca 2' c. | 492_ | 508.Ha . 1494_95 pyree,
o .oo peayol 6ya poo Bo oo: <.itt a o6aa...,reolI}I[o] B oao o olo
apa, Typa, oaoIo>.
a6Prcpi,8 ep |944, c.2;23 cp
|944, c, 4;imepm.
pa i ucmemo,I cepl |944, c. _4.
{7 Ia iy, oa ooapo, pi
impmgp,N 4_5
(1945):122.
a8Ppli'4 ilt 1944,c. .

l.i

pmumapi oodi

89

tsooo)Itlaypaioi Ivlopoi o ea i,a ii |942 po po aiaI\,I

Ta oPTo i, oa BaaBpiIa,ro i.ll iH pai arao BayBa oo poir. ii
1945 po pyiayp ooo IIpoopy)}r
a'Taey i, eyaa oo eT
ioi opBaTopii i apiRoo oIIpHooaTpy Ta
po a ,aTvI
Ip 1947 poy (105-o tie ooTopa)
31-o oo opi. Hapoi 103-o ie 1945 poy
aTaaa po itl ll T aioaoo ooo B paia, i6paa i e paoo.'IIi,
opa: <<I
opo ia-Caia, BaoBy a'T o Biaioypai y Boi pii ai epBa ea>, <<apo
a Boi opoi aoii ap6>a9.
a>iy 1945
B aoi aaii 3a <<Haioay
poy (6) i6pa ei, pi a popi pey6ia aBTB odoope rpaiooo po <.3oooooy> ypaioi iepap.
i Ta opoa Bo oi ,Ba.ppiu a a.,a
aTopa,pi oo, ipa ayT ooo.oPBoioo
BzLIIo,aTo o.oToypa opi a.,aiIlI elli.50.
e op poaraTpai auio}Iayiopi a yTpy ay H a.a paii
.ope 1946 po.
Peiaa epia oypyaa p HatI pay pi paioi aioaoi a'i i
Bo.oaaaaao6 6iu oy .oapaTB apai yoo. Bia pyaa pa.y
epaioBa p)I(yoTopii, ai.o oo i.lpor,co op po. 3a i ea epa aa, opBoiil po pairry iopi, oo6o po eai.eapai ay i pa
flopola' opTyBac a py Be oo.
a9 mpe iumo pii PCP: eptl 1941-1950'
32 (a, |942); imepmp i ucmmo,25 ci |945' c, 1 (po ya); P\c pia,21 6prI|945, c. (r1oaaaIlaip).Bi <.oi ai;21i,>ypailtiapioaBrIopao.
opoytsa eaopy tla-x(Iloi
50II"Ao,
. 1,o. 23, p. 1604,ap. 1_3.

90

Podipzu.enopuo

a aaB' opa, pai .o)oBHeypai io.

piB o ooapoa, pa oaea a o
Apaa, a ao iopi poa Apia aea: <.3ai
) 3apa3 a aapi aT y T Pai opoll,il
a ai pai iopii. B oy paa?> Ca i o6epHo oHa e Ta: oooy ilopoa <.Iopipai> (1912) Apaa <<alo
aiei e|4 Be.
aoe}I'o o [if] aa[o] aao oyp.
o>. Pi 1944 poy Baa oa BBo..p)I B ry Moooi a opi a, pai y e ia.
ia i, a 6aapa 6o o 6aao <.oio li>}I)o5l.poe aao i a i opay i ei ypaii i.eooa ieya ao e6
e y pi apotlI\,taa ioo apia iopvoi a'i.

Bo'aapaia
ii 1943_|944poaxpoaApi eBtI.
o poyBaaa ai i pa.Ha
poara.a
oBy BBa a epei aH y Bo'r.aoipai. Iiiloa
aH ypaia pia. Heoi i ie
apoa y oy 1943poy <.Pa,a
paia>oy6iyBaa poory aopiya <.Bo' . aH
ypaioo apoyB apa oei epa>.<.paa>
ia a peeepo _ ayoo)I pepyyaaa poio oBo,x epe Ii pa.aiya iti eptlia.opiy i6 a a i a
ii eaBao irpa;la'
i aeoaBvI
po paBa oi <.a,ipoi op
ope>.Hapai a aa aipa.Iy
oito
Cioi
poy
av,ii6paoi 1939
y oi. 3aoo
opiya e Iao.yii, o Pa
Co aoaa oi epopio6ya.opotl .ooiaeii, io .PaapocaBcHa eiv iopvy iypai3e'oo X5' II/(AO, 1, o. 70,p.387,ap.18 (a);lutABoB,
.
.2, o.7,
rrp.818,ap.5,9 (oopi).

Bo,earcpt

91

oo aiy paiy a aioaipoxe I

oi ai,o oo yoo6apao52.
paie epio e) i eepi}tao a
p rraH PeIoi ooapopi
ypaiHa}l
a oyBaoiopiaprye
aipi.
pi1944poy pyo oi
o6rpyya
TyB i ooia epi a a i eii Bpooi
Pa PCP. i pai y pa po epiy
po apii i pri ep.oo6ooppoio x yixi a py.oiioeHo}Ioi,po
apooyBaByaaoiuiy eiiuiroypaioi iopii, a iopio HaayBaa
oae}Iepooo:<Iopi ypaioolrapoy- daaoioaiopi 6opo6
pooiaooi aioaooo6e,iopi 6opoypai
6, o io tI ptlac,3ao33'.a
i aeipiCae i ypaii epai>.
iy i apii 3a e' o o}Ioepy3axi paiy, pyIoooo:
pai apooaeaBeplxtlBeoo
iopooBo'aHoix ypai 3e i piypaiipai. (ypi oe.)
pai apo oaeeH.'oay paioi Paoiepxa oix ypai
oa, py6eri,3ao,Toari,
3'I\{t{
poa.(ypxi o.)53
3aai pyo i o y aHolo aoBooo ia i,3a To poaa, i 1832 a
1917 poa e)Io Poioi ipii, a i poloii oBy iir o oi. pe io PP e 3aBJIBpo oi paBa a ei a iito poa i e aaa52P\capai,19oo1943,. 2;p,20oo|943,c' 2'
ppyya
<e>
i <paa33a>
Ioa21 oo,
ioo oTop6aoi ai ypai.paioo
opriaa pi :r
. apiiopivya:IIAM' . 435'
o. 1,p.496.
8 Pdclpi,6 6ep |944, c. 1 (ypaiaiopi), 2
(o'a).

92

Poipzu.Henopuo

oyyBa ix 1939 poy54.po ito BoyBa

aTIo <.oii ypaii ei>, a 'BIa <.Pai paii>. Bi aaB,o flao a oep i
ooa y oi, o a epopi peeya e i o, io 3 peo 1897 po,6ili ieBoo aee aa paiiss. poe i p:l
epoB i ai otla a oM yp.oil{B
ei Cai pit, o op.o il paio i oe
poaT o iii epoa. o 3:lI'IIa
pya o.
i56.

Tpo aei ypaii oi ieTaJI

_ 3aepeyc a iroo a.aaa <<Bo33' . a>
apa. Lfu epopi, aea ioo' op.
a' |<INII
I oiT pyBila opa, a i ep.
toi iooi i _ eooBaIla' 6a po6eo ,
ypai iooi. i iopvi apye Mo o
aB' tIz}BaIo
)ra 3aapa ypai? AeIo o ai pe.yop ayBa, ia p3
ooao oBp.i.eaioaii po e' o aee Pyi I oii 6o <.pai>.(oe, poi
apo opya iit i, oipo, y io Beoo
ypaioo lrapoy.)
a a ' a o apii ia Ig44 poy epoa Api iyaa .o apa, <.Pa.apaia> apyyBaa a o iopi. Bo ooo 3aapa <<a6il iyy a ai. aBaoo ypaioo apoy>
a ee <<aIII
opo }Iopo pai>' ' o.
P oii y}Ioe}Ii, aJloc 6epe ot
il Ha ppaoaxpo i i
ioi ooy Ba.
pii: , pyy, ao.,Toaruy ipoa. ii epoa
6ya io {,oi. Ii apooya i proi ooi
i 6pa iip oirix pa op po, i oa aa
oaa iy ery eiv o oe.P ooip
1921 poy peyyBpa}to-o
opo a xi i iii p3oa.
55Pacrcpai,3Oi 7944,
c.2' [ll. ao)l(:oa Tao, oa, py6ri,poa - oii ypaii ei, paiimepmpa'N 5_6 (1944):|22_129.
56.,.:
Ba o v o, oaa aa i op 3aapy,Kopourcpa|u: Imoputlpmpocr|ennuam uu cma (K\, 1994), . 80_85.

Bo'epaia

93

iei.Ha oay oaapyo iorio ii.

a 3aapa'e 6yuio opiaao y3i33
poy Bo33' . a3 ypaiolo' a opa oy Caia
a opaiaiioi.xeii.iooHaees7.
26 oaa'i.apo.lloii 3aapaoipai.
ei e.oHa pil aie po o'aII.
pedyaoy ipi
o a:]ao,o 3aapa<.oi
_
i oei aepi i pai>..ep'i.zly
aIo6aoi oy
o Caia oa <<.opooy
oBiapiooy>:<.Haip.B tlaa'ia IJII
ypai
i
6aaoio
i'

o iotoi iolo
Ta y aai oeoi poara.oi
i apo.o>s8.
aaii i o.epoiypaioi aii 6yo .oo
rvr6zD.o oi.
.ooBip,ii oo paIo-eooa
cait y vpi 1945 poy, iiyapei 3aaPa
o CPCP, aaIIaaBpo Io oi odepeirypoaaTIo<.HaraooBia3e>.aaara[I.
opi.ypa.ioo
apo.y>'
B'o aaPai,ov i <<.
i i paiu, i poia.oo a poo ipoioo6paaB pa}Iii'i, y
pe apIIIo
ypaiui
Boi aaPaxopai:
pBe
ii
y poi e aa ipa y o' a oo MzUI}loo apo}loo ooy ypai ope' B oao Pyi.
Ty poi _ oa i, vy poi! _ iioa ypaioo apoy' ay iopi 3a Bp apa a axi. i i, }r Bpaa Boo oy.
.oi oryi apo.ai oB', ypai i poi apoosg.

aapaooyBaa iayaa<.ypaiiai>
opooo
Boptttl
;D
.p)IBoo
yptloo )
.o
57Papafut,8
ep1944,c.2 (a);I]Ao' . 1, o. 23,
p. 937, ap. 58-61 (ryapyoa i Caio);p. 787,
ap.3_288(uii).
5srUIAo, . 1,o. 23, cp.788,ap. 1-5, |0-12; Pacrcpi,
23
P1944'c.4.
59Pc
pi,1 II1945'. 3.

94

PoDipzu.
Henopu
co

yiBepey60,
e <.iope
Bo3' a> .o.a:ulo
ypai oB}Ia6i pi po6e.3 ooo 6o,
aapai ei, i ia o6'.a'ByBa]I|4c,
o 'y'o y llloaxo6'aoiypaioi epa
He BaTpaioi iopii. 3 ioo 6o, y,oBo
a paBy ieyyprrIvr
apaa'-o
poopo-oopTor
epo iypo, op <.ytla>a3paia yaaoipa.ioHaH - 3aapaaPy61.
,(o oo peydiaaBa.aaa i.eooioa6 op 3aioi pai, y 1939 poy
<.Bo33'a>,
aeIi y)euIBooyyaaHia.pyo p6y.ooa28 'pee i oo DaaApi afa io, a oaypa y oioa.ieprepeapo6'ia 3axiy paiy. B
epeoyii Caiy pyo oepBa 6opo6i
aioiTttolo
paiooBaoapie,i ae
a i6yoaooi perioy,oooyBae il{aaH'
ay Box
ry pyiaooepiapooB)I(
poi62.

pe oyprioi payepiypaioi
iopvoia'i 6yo ooa'aypaix ie.
ooi. 3a ia poi o ti y ai o6a p6yo 44 000 i i Cioi pai araTI3a
HoBoIo
'
ieooioaBooia ao i
ypaii a
eopi-poaraHi63.
ii 1945 poy ayi
ByB a BTeiopeii oi .ooi Kmpe
6iumo,2:86-87;
I. Typu,PooyTyy
3aapai,ioupiu,Js7 (1949):40-48;Paul R. agocii,he
S.hapingofa NtionalIdntit:SubcalpathianRus,1s48_1948(Cimidge,
A' 1978)'c,255_27|.
ap.103(yvei);o.70,
p.326,ap.
1+o'. 1,o. 23'cp.1652,
74_7(iyp).
62ILAO, 1,o. 23,p.703,ap.23_36;p.
1060,p.1-18 (.
poao Caia);p.780,889 i s90 (ooa|944po).
. aor:Boo.pCepiy, pe.,,[|ecm
6peim:3iorcpicli
ei 1944_1953pp: Hoi olqmui llamepiou(Ki,
1998)'. 10_184.
63Py6oi epo,Cmiu,2||_24|
(ii44 000 _ a
c.2ll\.

Bo,e
pi

95

<<paio-ieiaioai a y}6i y aIoi HiH>. oo pooi, opa:}y ai opeoro porypo,Pa. Co oaBa oooB o.epiaii eooio i.aoo prioy. 3a oa aioo, o .o3 a ieaiy aBTpo-yop I\{ye, 6o iepi pa aioai aooii, a a6c6pr yil ooi poo Cxioi a' a pai ai o <<epeTBop
io i a
o i air poo epi Paoi pai.
>. ooio paia e oa 6y )I(Hoi op o3 i <.a6o>o. Haioai oop po
eai' a a pa i cz ai H iei, a e.,ooaypaii yypi io poBBa.
Toy iopuo <.Pa Coro . o apaie oi i
eae}oii pey6i, i o..ooo a>.
Paa Ba,a.oa.iaepo 3y' o pyIlI apaIri <<aioaii>epii aioa.
oi a'i 3aii paii. poo pIIIpoi i
o33' a oBtI ao 6opo 3 yo a Ha 3aoi. 3oy oy a pi ipa i.ooaa ae}o ay. oo <<pa}Ia>,
PodyBaB
iope oay paiy i Poii. Ie peoaioaoi op.oaa' paiy u Api 1918_
1920 poi' y IoB }IapaBapo Hye a ao aBpyBavI <.aioaiCTH}>.
3perolo, o Cai .
api
aoi
ai
aioaoi ieoyaT
_
(yiy)
T peo.aoy
epB, _ PIIIay6i,r.
a aaa a ei i6ya y opi e:DBoiopoo
.oi.rtlpo ii <<a}I[IaPo>
.ii. IJ.eya aa yoBioi ai poaa aaa <.3xpeo 3 Ho.
)?>,y i o ayya oiHoo aB ep po.
oa Ape oo. ia Ba,'aoi.oa
po PoIvIayPeai a <<eoi
6o6y> 6.
oepeo aoy pyoy65.
6o. 3. ayit,puco-el|e|ue
g
auoum
crc6e
epuu(K, 1946)'. 5-7' 10.
lauono
65IIAO, 1, o.70,p.385,ap.212;clp.539,
ap.6;o.23,p.
.
1652,ap.83' 87 (a);84 (A); p. 1605(paai aaaa).3i pyoy po aioooy6ioaoy .:

96

Podipu.Henopuo

paii ieoo cBaplll aioai iToprrpai y6ivoo yp 3aioi pai.

Bo opy ai iopa aaT3pa3ei
iopii perioy. i po rooo}IyBaopo ap iopii 3aioi pai. Bivyav,
y.,Mo iooi iep oai poi i, i
pa .laa ioie ara o6'ac e e
i i pai, a tl'i <.pai . opo}l apo.uopoi>.Bi iro i ai pyai apio.r.
oi ooo ay' popyBaBIIIil
iopi Maa pyrooTa Caa Toaioo,
i poeB:l<.paiy>.p)aBii aoo B a.o o-Booo ia. poil' ca,
o o IV oi e 6yo i paioi, i poioi, i 6ipya apoi>.
opyoi aioo,i <<ea
a ir,ai pe1917 poo ii aii ypaii
a6o oi o'a B ea oi <.ypaioiep)aB,a Boa6 o a Poii>. 3a i eo' i
1917 poy o o Mio, poTo Pa Co ai Poi iepilo poei oTaToooiopoo
o'a xi oB'66.
o.,oao3 olllpH iy po poio-ypaiy
pyy poiy po apJoo6paa peiai ioo ieaJl "aao BToo oopo oT
paioi aioaoi a eioi oT. fle apii i ai peeyBaBpyolI pyoo oy <.Iopii oaii>, y oTyB ooi aoi. paioo iipa aop.oHpa 6pa paa po <.pytI ay Cioi a>. Hea:a a ' o
i ypailti ,I(oaaai 6 iiyBtl
<.pyi>,
ayi popaToBaoa: e <.pii i o, eio a.el,o6 o,
mpe tmnl piu : 3 .ii ei, |..267_7 6. o ai pa.lroiar.yttioiaaii 1945-1946 poi .: Bohdan Boiukiw' The Uhrinin Greh tholic hurh and the Souiet Stte
(1939_ 1950)(dmonton, 1996)'. |02-47.
66Ilo, 1,o . 70, p .3 9 9 ; o .2 3,p .8 6 0( e i i); . epo ,
.
3i ph (icmopuuoi),i6ioa aiaopa(Ki, 1945),
||.4t 17.

Bo,edpia

97

o i ae'e ipieci ypaiui.

ieyepiooiioo iopa ai paioiiipapi,6oopie iy,a
a>67.
e ypai}Iaee
po
ooiop opi po
pyi
t944

i oa. aaoypaoopaaoioo IcTa

o poiooBoi aBop, oa3a igo <.poicilaa>,poB B3aoo ayoB
3aapa.Bi ep <.ypaiiaui>
peo}IyBa'o iopi aa pa.tliai a 3aBepIee,px e>, oaB
pa <<py
e ooB 3 Ia a. 1946 poy eapei
(6) poara.laoi HaapeyaaB.eo
(aioipie,
<.Ia
Taaaooa,o <.poiaa>
p.y'
opa'o poi,ypa aaH>),
Haii, aaa aapai_ aooo <(pyoo>
poy. ABTop oy o JI|4caaIIItIo <.Bipi a-

o poopaepooo>'
oy yayaiiopa y iaiioo paioopa}Ioo
oo'poieipaii i poi,a ia y i.pioTaoopy 3aii paii69.Aoi aop 6y
oaioiaoi apyoii_ oioo
poopy' o ipyBaaPoia ipi. po ii i.oo p oo epoo, 6o ipapiopyypoaiaaoaioaiiepii, a cJIaaJIac
<.6paixai>,io ipo poaryaaiilo.
Hap o3 aopei ayoiaeeyaypai i apapepopii, ae i}IyBaitioeuii yae. pyi 1944po eaa_ popooia.ooai iI
ia apoiep.ie iopi a ipapoai.
y, po peai.ooideopeo
6?I'ABOB'
. 4669' o. 1, p. 47,ap,7,
ii 1940. poi paii :DI(a papi i.oiaa iooiv epy:peap iooii o a pap3 poaa Ia Haapeo.oai, pi oo, ooIoaAipo.
69P A ,
. 17,o . |2 5 , .3 4 0 , . 1 9 _ 2 5 ;IIAO' . 1 ' o.7 0 ' p .
326,ap. 64_73 .
7-&79

98

PodLldpuu,Ilnopttuo

pa 6IIiH() Ba)JIB .'OycIrTpyll1o. i.a

aTa i.r.y lyBzLla trIlIoI'o aopa palIoi
Ba poopa pll'ea, lla o a y)e 6 oo ]IoyTyBa oi l.pi ieool'io IlpaBl'IHoi/IIIII po I(oI.o. Bi a6o aI] poy: <. tlo ai tli 6aao Illo Ta():.tpoi.lIy
oBi illloy i,ti, i paltire, i Too, txBaB
(po.,r:,!) ap:ly i v Bali, ol Hoy,
pal1i llpo tlaa tcltoI'o' ooo llpo oo ill o poitlO Hapoy>. 'po illr i"rlttayoli
) B B,l ",-I}Hl{l oo/l IIca. ai ai a r'a etlii a llopii . Ha o ae
i io"ll pia i |i ]Jo a. poll
po pyTB: aJ'IaH'e' 6oc' o i, x rI IIe BOpT 'lIai pyvo, i o)yT peTyBaT it aj(|.
o6 a i a rl i o a ,' I i T l l y p a ilo BI I I a yBaH H
ae, preoo Ta A, palla aa oaa po.
BBaT a aiopailt 3,IIxolil1i y Iaa pa a i I1 o o i o i /l H a L a, o . i o o
aa - poToOIIi;Iia a aa llii. CilIoypaii
popi IIo o",la aa i AIrpi aro oo pIII o i ui [ I a o I I T Bo/l o tl palI a o i. 6y"'lo oo 3a /leT i tli"rlBTyII paoi ap-

pai
Bo,e

99

Haia iIloypaia Topa iiri iipaapo y <<pai:]aii>

aioypai poaa ea6|<y
'TI{xIIpa.po aii ioo a,:laaa paiy aioil.lla'Toi, Bo
e o ipolo po6 aapai. a. TpBi iopii paioi oioi aoT Apo-oplli
Ta oi pie aioaoi ioo, oioi opape a ypaiiB 6yB
ialtii a poa/l:]B'3i
po
a6aaoBIM'il ii iii a o.,i72.
PoipaBa.apaya BoBaT3 zlapoa.,
i, oiHoi aTIlPaoo o. 3aii ypaiui
l 3aolTIIoy apay'o3}IaeyoTptlopoioo pyBaH,o ioa ypaii iopi
iooii iopoBay po. a Caia ypaiui o B[IaoBya Bo y' .'oBoHo ooBIoBzlo'a e
aao poio iepo iopi.

ii o ia.flpai y:ipaItay oi a pio

i I{IIa_ o,'(lli3 pl]Jyyp aai, i

ip;Illi i . Ciopaill Ireoi ill llll]elloaIIB' <.r1
oo> IIpo IIB2I
ptly palta oTpaT .o aBTpoyopoo apaItTyy 1890- poax. p'pa i6ac
pi 1945 poy io pioy pI4aTo eapi7l.
70IUIAO,
. 1,. 70, rrp.394,ap. |_5; ,ummomtlimpu,2:
4_6. oa 3i ttaatlopoiolo,IlIl]lII
IlepopooI]i prr' iri'ttypaio)olto.
Hoaa lla ap. 1 apirlrioItii:<.tl.po a.27'|| 119451,>.
71Padpilt,6 prl 1944,c.1t(lla,rollI1o);
. . .
a, i pil (K\, 1959)' . 16 2_ 163 ( cl);P 1rcJ||ume
mo,
4 l'pit|945' c.3 (lla).

72[.:
John-Paul Himka, Gliin Villgrs nd th Uhriin Ntionl Mooementin th NinetnthCntury (dmonton, 1988) i John A. Am.
stong, IJ|rininNtionlm, 3d d. ( nglewood, 1990).

ompuu
epeu
Poimprni.

P o i pei
pBa}I.oTp}I
Po6oi laIIvIc|4poi ieooi ao
o3Bo o-ooy oi i pai ieooii. Hapa, 6aao eoiaoo po (aoBtly paii popBar o.Iaea oo6oo apiy pa ayiool. i 6epia oo epeT pi aaioai
oaoB a y)I(iai pyoi Hoa
po <.aioaJlop.i>- aioipi-

re,epi api oi ai poo. I-l.ioa

ai,i pyoi 3 oaeHpaioi paoi iopoia'i aaIo.a'oTpaaopyaa 6iti aarir
ooa ieooiIx lrcapai paii. o yi Mayi oa
ay.)re
yy aioa.ooyoo'a .i3a ' o o.tli oi aioaoii.o:
l

.{po Mayi (1883_1959) aea o }teeoipy o6p oix <aP6ioi'>,i pel Bevlflepop. Cpe ii )e e i, aeo 6 elllli' oo ptla a
'
i i o Be e o6ia :DByoa,yi flpoi iooi i.
ayi aay eep6poyiepi opa yle yi paBa Cop6oi (1911). 192|-|922 poa i lilc
va 6y epI epeap(6), a oi lrep6pao o a
oa.ypap Booy oiepa. |944-1950 poa ayi 6y iipo aopolrpa pai, aTytlol\,t
oo Pa iipi, tto oi6pa, lca epeape I{, ovoaBypaiy.rai a iapo ptl opi y
Ca-palro(1945) a api(1946).

707

po opi iopi. o aii ar IIIaB

oa a o i oi iopii (iiepiIoy,
i al[a]evvaHooPy). pa [a]o 6ypyo poi.Io ooapoy.
pi _ e, oyaI\{y
B iopii aHoi 6papoy2.
Pyo oa ep.}e}I' iip aop.oIIIpa' oB.o'6pac poopy: <...Haioa.
a op.i''_ o e. Ia o _ aIIIoii 6iTBo' Bo oeo oiaio poito, apilo, eio i Cai>. oai y i
iulaB <.po aioa}Iy op.iope apoi, i o .o ay PP, i oo 6aaoaioaIloo apoy
aai>.ooa ea ayioo _ <<6o8
o oi pai6oi
(pai) p6a BoBya a ooi
o ioo Papeea,
o..,HooCoy>, :e y 3aa i .a
oao rwllacBao aioao iopi i 6
epoa Poi PP3.
II$apIuINIv\aJIe
Hoa aioo iUIIlIIJ||4c
yi apao

ipayp
ieooioi
6aao ooaoi
i
po'a ae e aI.Ca I. apa <<Poa
pyya pa.IIapioT> a epe.oB<..I|'o
a.piv paioi Paoi Coiaioi Pey6i> iepy'apa,o pooB)1946_1948 poi ypaii ieoo aaa aTyIIIyBa<.i>ioP}Iy a' i poy aoi opi 3a paHy yai. B o6o aTT ipe' o Haetl pey6i po irutae Pai paii ai Pa,oo Coy, i o6ox :royr a po aioy a'}Iy.flopit io eHaa e' o Bo}I Bopx po iy a oBoy i6.oyo a oay aB' ipayp p p' :UIBB:<.Ieoopoo pa}Ioo aioy BIIBa e Palli
3aopioi Cii>. opi paroi paoi ieo
i o i poloioi 6opo6 a o6o ouiif .
2IIABOB,

.4669,o. 1,p.23,ap.5.

T.ti,lclrto' ap. 5 i 7.
a I. ap, Poa i yya pa Irapitl, i-

r02

P oimpmi. ep ua ompuu

iori yypo-i.ooii
1946- 1948poi, i a piepeap 8(6) Ape aoBa a:}a
)IaoB}IoIo'
aBapay oBeyTBepapioo
i.ooioo
oPoIoa yypo
.e
o o iepaypy eo i ai yi a <<aoi
e>.I oa.ooi ipa ieyai aai pai peopIlaca
pooi po iepai pai,poiy
aioayiooi Boa ae e aea.Haoi
i oaia aaepe
y <<}Iapaia.aoBa
ioai>,ooo iopi ayui. 3aivyIa.y, 6aaoipyppo.yai iooiv poei, iii o6yoBaa3y ii i
iey eaBpIIIei
yyp Toy peyii.
Cyepevi fa op
Tp epIooi tg44po oapa
.(ora,opo ypai Boooaoii po
i eiapo.oo a aiaoipa,o o6ooploeoy iooi <.paia
oi>.Ha oy aiai Cai y i oo pooo'y i 3yBaBea <.peiii
eiiy>5.
floeoae6oaepyap aooi 6opo6,
optl apiy iilo ooy y paii, epe.
aoolllyapai apio.Cpai, flooa
oi opIoepiy ieooi ii i poeapooiepaioaio apioy,iopii a aii.
oo epoi e pa:}py i.ooiieo <.aooi
6opo6>i ai ii oooi apapaIloi paoi ieooiipooy<.aioay
op.i>.
Cario,
o i peiieooiepooie oipaBai-o Bo.Boooepoioii 3aopou pa:< e 3aoo.iaooiopo6i a
ulou piu, 8 (1947): 11_24;.oppivv paioi Paoi Coiioi Pey6i, ma c.ltlo,N 12 (t947): I_9; imamp,t ?Brma,15 i 1948,. 3 (p').
5 Haoil
a aai oi .: Lie, Alend.erDoozhenho.196-206.

C np e,'uicurJlu 3?opu

103

ili e oy. a aiy!>; <.f[91ai 6 iop?

poa i o.oo? Hauioaa opi a B aIIIxtIa aooi 6opo6?>;<.3apaiy! 3a ue.
ypai apo! 3a eil opoaio apo.'
lia oi pooi iopii e aroB.oo
)T a oi ei, 3a apo.poepa, poe>6.
Ha aiai Cai ayBaB pare, o 3aopo)e paoipoy apTaoy oa.poi: <.I
i p op 3 TBoe [aoo] 6opo6o... B oa|4c,oBil.o aoBoi 6opo, 'tI.o aoo. o, pBe.eBoa a.o aei>.pi oo, i aa
HraBHi aari po pa apioy B a iopv a. flooi i oo epo pia 3e aioHa }Iy 6ac IilTepai o6' ioi iao. Ha yy Caia, y oii e ipetlo' o
paa Ba.a 6iloa api Bo 6epia<<a
to iopvi pauii i 6aay yTyp aHy ypaioo apoy a i apoi PCP i oo iia ilo
aioay aoioi>7.
Te, o.['oxeo }IBIpBypai <.6ypaaioii> a ipaIo 3 i aea.oaioaoi a'i, o3oo Caiy 38yBa oo <.aioaii>. He a6ap ac 6ia aai po ea paii. pyo, o6ao Bil oi y epi
1943 po, o.apa' aytll Ii aopa 3a <<pBii
a aPa oiitl a>' <<ao
ii>, <<ae
6 PA, . 17,o.|25,.293,,7,14i |7,
7 Ca,06 aor6a,90 i 93. oa po pive

vl po6vl oapooolllao,pai ya}Iar.o3o

iooioi aaii pey6iui, a oaa i, i po,o
otvr3a oi, To ipo oaBa Cio py
(IAM, .590, o. 1,p.39, ap.20_22|opiuy]).B apii
(6) 6pi eo a yy Caia, aioipir,oo
po6 o i pey6ia I,loooaoi(rv{Ao' . 1, o.
70, p. 282, ap.200_203). oa .oai Coa i a
i' a
P, i 6 a ai'ai,o,iBptDl(l\,t
(imepamp
pooii
lpia,
oy6iya
a
i
oo
i
py,
4 i 1990' . 3; 21 .rp 1990' . 4). plolo, ai oapi ar avli ao <.06at(o6a''.

104

Poimpmi.
peuldompuu

i>i, apri,a <.oo

aioai>8.
oa a o.
y eai ae a ypaii aioaia'i, a e a
aooyoo)ipa poo oy epo.
HI{xoo.(oea'a e eppix. 6popav.
oy aai epeap tI(6) a opi
<.Pai otli>,I{ax yei pii <y>.Ha eploy ii <aa api>3 poaopiapai,
ai <eao iei ai>i liapaaa <ae a o.aaeoo>3 poa paag.
oa yaeyo oo6o ePae.
Hapaifloerroepepooyopoxeoixe.
H aaaoaaT,a oo yy, apoi iop.r.
i a'i aIIIoa
iopi>:
oo a <<aoa
6erco: Tao iopii,:Dy'ex apil}Ia.
oo 6paa e pa:l.'.

Heo: o?
eo: oa e.
Totul: o, oroaa6y. yei pioia6oro ia peio. Ta i a tftaao - <a6 iooo aa ypaioo apoy oaa oo' o
peoi a ripylll }rapo.)
o oy a poi>. Ta a i o,
a aa oo api y oy a}ttlo.
Hioy Ir o:tyiulvl,6oaau,o i ape.
ay aoa l o!
Heo: o aa!
JIeoltp: H, a i oo ep i a aai oo
ep?
6eo: Topy.
Too'tu: Ta o e o xi6a?
6:
axy, i.
Heo: A, i o oaoi!'0
E ..:M. B. Ko, Cpaa oapa,I[oea, pailuinopuuu rcplt,I* 4 ( 1994): t08_ 119.
9IAo,
. 1,o.23,cp.4504,ap. 1.
|0 Tll J|4o,ap.39_40 (poio oo). pai epJI
oo yPa ipeo a epII{ypoaI\.laHIuoii: .(o)eo' otlo}u' 45 t.

Cnpeuoi
Cunu32opu

105

ar,i o e poi:lyya3i Boi o.

rix :uIB'ypaii HoBlIya.(oa y
eaBeieaa' Xoa oi o.ia i e apyyaypai ieryaiio oTopaa
' .eI
pix aiaxi ai oop' ay.)y
ip. a ipoi ' i io oei eoo paii pai iopi a'i, o aB lra i .oB,I(eo'o pooyBa3ayBaop.eeooa
a <.paiy oi>.pi oo apaoy,pa.o.
po i.oae a
BeooioBi r}Iai3yaa
ioy paoyapiooioulo pi aiooii ao.
tltlxpoi a po o)i.po.e
oi 6opo6vl o yi iopttoopoey. Hio He Bio
aeBa30ari{o'
po , o pe eaooe,
papoioolpyBa.
pa.(o)eae ppoa y <.aioaiy>
ypaii iepaypi,oa ePe.yoNI oo 6'
6pei |944 po, o oiia paoaaya.o)a'peop ypaioi iii Iyy apa, reai ia (I) ip IIo.aB
o (6)
aooiyay' y i tlyay <.aioaii>
a Poo. oo6o aaa a .ooi
<.i iopii pai>,y P ooBy oai 1943 poy (po i to opeoypoii)' 3
o.oooy, poei ioo-ap aaBooi
payBapa'Hoiypaioi yyP po.o)Ieypaioi yyp a
H .opeoioi<<epa.'tloi>
tloa iperr pailo iiIloo <aooo xapapy>ouiioi pai. 3 ioo oy, epolvr aB aioapaPoo3a }Ia.o
IIy oIIIayo poioo apIoo6paa:
3aao6, Io o poaApi iaio6pe)ypaiy i, y ooiip6a6yo ip
i ax.
aeoypoioo ypaiooapo.i
y poioo
po
apoy
eoo
,pil:l}Iy
op
e,
ipiii.
i
ie
oeipai
atly
oi
a
i
6iry
oy
P
oi
oii avopieaiaiiyoopai,
pai,aryrrloypoioiyypHayTyPy

106

Poimpemi,epua
opuu
yBaHpoi paoii irooi
apii oioy aioaoyBBoeiypaiooapoy' y paoyipo.eipai''.

an]Iu
lzopu
Cnepe'ui

|07

oa paBa Poo :lIIIa oBI{It{

p.
a.o depeyaoo <<Bp>.
oa 6y ipa
<<tlzl
3tl3y> i aapa I{ oHo a oo paya'
aai po oea a i e o:l. pai epiBo' eo' He Ba);loa o oe opi 3ay)IyBa e o.}loooioo ea. o paa .oa yryaa oepee ieeyaal' p i
a i .o yy aiooi a, e o.Hao oo6o oi6oi a i oyaT oy pooa
peydii 6ivy Ty <.aioaii>i o" epe aia JIa pai epii'3.

Ta ao paii oB o poiopya
<iiiy3ll3y>'oiy a'i B pey6ii e a.
Ba:UIoiii laB o. HaapeeP ao
.aai yaio oo paoiiii iopu
a.oua piroyyaiAripoy <op aaxo P> 1943 poy BaHPyB:l
<.apoi>
Pa(. po e pyoy poii),oipo ryoi ieoo:DI
o 1945 poy ypIvrya
.'Io pa. Hapai yuiop a.ao
popaya,
H)l(pooi.aIII'
o iBPe.aop
ao
iopi
Aa
apaToa
opIoHa

eop
oix ryei.ao oo, aI(paoaBepya3i apaIl.lo ,aoa,a 3o.oi o Cia' poey e i
po pTI H)I'a po ioi iooioiMo a
peadiiauipoiooiepooyoooIoaoBooaaiy!{.
peyaipoei apaooi a oepi poxa )roHapiy ii iopii y oi 6yo a.
o apallyi paiopi a iooi.Ha '
aia_ 29 pa,|,5, t0,22 pBtIa 8 1944
poy _ o6op iepoi a}Iiy 3 p6ia aooi iopii. oa api epioepeojre oooo.Cepy ao ipya3a.
apaooioprry.,oaoBooioy' Bop.
ToBye ai io i aBopTy Moi (i
ptr}oplly ipaa o oui) i 6po po oo 3pa}ooPoe}eAapoa. .aoBia
ii a i peyaoao<.po.oiTa o ayoBpa iopii PP>, ia paipa.
o pay.ie i i Cai' ae peIo
e, aio Hapa:loooepie l{epaoo
)ypa>i .aao
oiey ap <.ope
ayo piovao<Bopolop>15.

Tl/[Ao, . 1,o. 70, p. 266,ap. 1.

''
|2T,.ltto,ap. 10 i 12.
l pyo y IIoa ;l,
o prya Poo i py.
B l }l' xoa' 3.a T ,i r po ir, o'a i
Bao apii P poi, .: Meyapl H Cepeva pyoa, Bonpoc ucmopuu'Nb 2_3 ( 1992):88.

'{ PA, . 17,o. 125,.224, . 102_|46 o6. (ooeI,tTa apaooi a Ii a), 1-10 (apoa .aoy),66-75 o6.
(apaoa Caiy, 'aoy, aoy i [I[paoy). . o)l(:
Badnbeger, Ntional Boheuisn,|25_ |29.
15 ypai <Bopol oP> eaBo oy6i opay lrapa, .: Copaa oBaHo opoa opt{CCCP

ipapoa eoi Hoeo' oy oprl

epip .ooBi.y eva, ipa 6iri }IyBae}I'Bi iro Boy' o P ieiy oai i epo opoy paui ypai 6pyaoaioaitl iopi, ol(pea pyreoo. 3a oo
oBa' .ooiyaai 6ya:
...poaaaioi}Io
oei,i.o o
. P 6a iopii pi i 6opo6y a
aioayai_ 6opo6},y Be'3 oy
aopa'paia oaa apIIIa'oi, 6ypyai _ i oBy 6opo6ypy a ypaioo apoy, 3a paHoi ip Beoopoioo apo.y'3a
ooie ioa}I
Boe...
Pye
yo ooppopoeiopeaeprHapai o Poii,6irip'
o B pyai oop.aH
<paiaaapoiiapoi
Poii, a {oaaoiei ..pil{o
poi''...>12.

108

Podimpmi.
epeu
ompuu

a ao Aapo'Bya 1 epH 1945 poy

a ypa epii aep oio-eooiIIay'
e aao oi i oi. 3 ooo 6oy, ooa
Aipoy opiyT'o aaaepeapl(oi oaeuapoi Poii <<)a.apa
po> i
<<TIop
apoi>. ioo 6oy, i pyBapaui iopii aaxi,yi, aTapi 6api,6o o <<oyBil
i e' o poioapo.>,
i poaaioaI{
poi,i oapo apay.3a oaAapoa,
<.iopiapoi Poii - ue iopi ooaIii opoevi
a oyooorypTyBa}I
ix aoopoiooapoy>'6.
ii oai oi y oi ypaii ieeya e ivya ope6 ia oi oii. Aa.poBiloiryyBpo ep o <.Iopiipai>
(1943)' a6y,oy' o ypaii iop e
eePopio oera irpe6i,oiyI iopvi oii, i <.o6'.a>
ii apo.i poia.
op p api ep.ypaioo iopvoo
ey' pey6iaitIoBtIpilu aiyapap opaiyaayapayiopi (a iiy i ooBooaaa'ypai apaapa
apoB pyy ie i,aIII a oi6 aiiepayppeP$eai opyBaHH
iopvoia'i).Ta o 10 6epe1945poy i6paocepIeaia,ypaii yiop cai 6
eopioai6io ooBo apao.
ip ypi e oa9I lac|4vlaioaiiy i aaoepy.oopooaoo
aooo
ixoy,_ 3 eooor i aaIB'o oepe8(6) 1944 ro, Bonpoc ucmopu Nb 2 (1996): 55_86; ] 3: 82112; N 4: 65_93; Jtl5: 77-106; N 7: 70-87 N 9: 47-77. Brya a . H. Aiaoa (I& 2: 47_54) 6l optl yi o
ayTa lloyTa. .. aox:C. B. oaoB' HeooI\ac Papaa (O oea opo I{ 8(6) lr,rae_6
1944 oa), Bln u o6ecmeeopz||u:,uuPocuu nepo mpemu XX e (oa, 1994),. 254_268; Bandeneger,Nationl Boheoin' 129.
16. ea'po, o eoopI
aaa o6eI }Iay oBPe(.lllrlyo' oteu,},.l
14 (1945): 17.

Curtulzopu
nep'utui

109

i apo fi yaiB ooBop <.pii <<eBa>

Io o.i>y paux iopii pai17. Ha x ' ai.a'i i6y apii 6epe a oay i
1945 po, apii i.eooBya pio, aoi aooyBa yai i opylyaT a, i a IIIya
a H ioii. He.,o,o B.,oBi
(6) poapyoepeii.
BaB 6eyiri
aao y ypiri ai If, <.apaaoaI
poopaa Bo opaop, o yi, e aia op
i yp po6e iopii>. Cpai, epi '.eT
ti opio eopa i peBao6aai pooii .aBa6ire iopv oyei a oiyBa aoi po6 ypaioi iopii18. BpripeI' P6av ByBa pooo B oy' o o poiopya aoB ii pa po o.aHaxIroo a po Bo33' a 3aioi pai 1939 po, ae o.aIIIayi oi i opi Btloi epeo }Ie p}Iea. Ti, o pa:}oi Py6aue pooyBa oepyplc o wlaoBoo aai, lllBo poyi, o ii ii o i.il i po poio-yPaiy llp}, ipa.ep)I B oBop}I a iy 6i i aa, a
api a 6y oBIl epo. o6 po'a
e ya.e, Py6a 3apoorryBaB aoy )Ieeopi
<<eIIIoo
a>19,oa i ieoo, i iop e oiIa3oy pa oeilo, a 3 aiB aoiaii
oo 1943 poy BaBaJIacopooao.
Iop Ba ..oio aB: <.i .arC,o oe 3 Ba)B a' apuoiur aH' _
e a po ooiaTopy Iloiy poioo apay.
Hapo oo a o6oopil Ira apa.iiopi y
oi>. o yi ,ai oeapi ..eaiodpaa
e.eitodaaoyBaT poii ooii y 3 epeBaa y ip i.a.Bi oop' o o
e )Iappai pa I 6o ll ypaii <.ap>'
ap.1;o.70,p.385,ap.1.
'7ILAO'. 1,o.23'cp.1652,
|sTllclto,
aa),1-56 (eopaa).
p.1652'ap.146(ypir
2: 76_22.
fl . ao: momomimpu,
ILAo,
23,cp.
t652,ap.73'
1,
o.
.
'9

110

Poimpemi.
epuorcnpuu

i ia aa paiy i ypeo-aTap
ai y 1710_1720poa.eip o ipaBoey:<.BilopyryooyvII-VIII ., iploo
loi.
ay apay a paiy. I patlo'iIe
aToe o.a oe oTHe'o 6yo ai.ooo
o'apoioo ypaiooapoi>20.
ili )e Iai e iryyaca a apii o eopeT}Ioiyii. Bo aoi o6oopa
oIlIpoaray<.poivoo
tlyoo>a yypoi
a'a i a}Ipaa poio-paioi
p6.Iop e 6 .a
.aeoliatI 3 Baioaoiiopii a peadiiaiiitx <. pei>.Iop o cca,IBB:
<.Ba,{a,
o i o.e3 aa:it
aa,i o ep
ypaiopao iopo ayo' _ i epoivooyooypaioolrapo.y>.
Bia i aaB IIca.II
6irpa po Ta aioxepoi,
lao , epo Caaai oa e. Ha ioy aiai i y oBo popyaB ep:lypy a o6pae.I|'aa
aoopoi e21.iepaypoae e p aa ye o aioaltooaTeoyoiia apoor6yaa flpaoaoaa oo 5rai,
<.6ypyax>
iopi i ei I . ooapoa, ia oapa aapeoo. Ia
Ceoipaieropa6iiyapaoaoai apooyBaBByyT itx <.aio
epoi> ai i
(op 1657 poy) a iooo popir
Coopoolo(I7 22_ |794). Apooaap Cai po6ya
aTpyroo,ipaIIIoo ii o a
oo.II
ypaii: <.ya, e oi pai i, o i.a aaepyri oo pBo.y_ a
eoeey,y i aao B oy 6 pail,>22.
20IIAO,
. 1, o. 70, p. 385, iip. 210 (,eo);o. 23, cp. |652,
ap.50 (o).
2' IAo'
. 1, o. 70, p. 385, ap. 147 (epoiy); p. 388,
ap.4 (fao).
22T,ltQJ+|o,
p. 387, ap. 1-6 (p); o' 23, p. 1652,ap. 28_31
(Ceeo);o.70, p.385,ap. 181 (Cai).

npeuuicunulzopu

1|1

Mao oo' o.Hoopay i.a ai.ao i ay ryy: <.yo 6 pae apoBa. [ oi] ia
yp iopii pai!> Hay pooBe,ri ye }Iapi Cp, ao ipa Io pooilo: <.Iepeo iopii pai yl(. i ia a iopii pai>. Cp oIIB' o
ai i 3 4 i 65 o iopii PP y BoI\,roy
popaa
api.
ypai
a
o
eB'oo aooBx
oe
i
a
y .aeei i2 o 4 to 65
oi ypaioi iopii, a poPaa oo ay - 8_10
i 1 10. .(oo poioep iptI IIIeTaoa' i aalo lllopa TaT a,flaa aoo> araa a <.3aopori>epa aa. e al(i}tB
i y oBa:<.Haiyli 9, 10 ay pa:}ary'
oy e Ba o iopi pai>23.
Caao oeB.,o oii a apai poBa B 6alraoy apix yiopi apy. Ha aiaaB)., yeo
i 14 i epy oooB: <<
_ a oi
4-oi
o.tl>'
l2-oi

o
y6oa
yTpia
o
.o.aB'o }IaTytloiy6o ypiv e i6e. Hapai apaa a i e ooBa po6oy. oa aapa (6)
paBaB a oaoo po oir ay iopuoi
ay' Boa Ta i alll a poTo2{. Peydia i o oTpa ay i yepeB raa
o a o aIIBpa a ypaioi iireii. Bo oi aai p yito, ai a p.eTpil epiBo' o i.eooii po6oi iy i po6e.
I., B IoToy1946 poy ioy
yipei, aivy 6a:a ypai o)l(HoBai oa aailo poT <.aioiy> iopiopaii.
Ha o a yiepi B:IJIoio eia apa iuea poeypa a peipei apii, i e Ta.ao
pixa i Cioi pai. i oopi, o ,ea iopoo ayey Boop op6a opi 6a23ILAo, 1,o.23,p.1652,ap.91(y),102-105(Cp).
.
24IU[Ao, 1,o.70,p.387,ap.59;p.388,ap.130();p.
.
390,ap 1_2(pooatto).

1|2

Poimpmi.
epeuaonnpuu

)at{ poeMoHTpyao apai y iiaii ati aioaiy yipei. oo BotI 3 oB

peopo Iao iee o6p aT.pypaioi i.
opii, Be e epeB:Dayi pyreoo _ poeop
Ia p'e, po opy6a a oe Tep.
iipai yiepey pvi opaioya 6op
ayTey' a ay.)I(yil pyreoo a oo roy. PeoD ie BooB yy pooy' y i poia <.6ypyao-aioii oeii> pyeio.
o. Bi poeopi oiya, o otl Bp o
aiaii pyrBoo pi epioa ypaioi iopii. p'e yHtlo aaB peepa po o pai Poi a oo epay ieppai y Pax pyIIIeoo,Tpe i op6a o ope oo
<(BpBe>oioi iopii pai, a oao i Coy oe yo' ae aioaii eopii py.
IIIeBooyepeaT poii iopiopaii I-
oi. oai aro a.:lo' a BHyBa ri pIIIoo y oy' o A poo)I(y 6poiloip25.
oa poeop po opy6a, aapr a.a
a ayei, .o oo i oo p ypaioi
iopii, io oy. lea op6a apoo.
ya o y ooiIo Ha ey, opyoay eoopi api pa.rroi ieooii: <.ypyao.
aioaie i aoi iopii, opea i.

xao pyeoia ypaii iopiopaii

eyoooei. Bi ep aB o y aPooi aoaa pvoepeipeaaxi a oa laoi ay o6yoao6poo yoo,oo
iopuoopoByiaaituoo.o
oBooay' oaB[I oi iaoo aioaoiioo.
25Tult cllto,p.564,p.4-93 (eopa).
{airueo6oope
ryii,y i a iT,y .:P6o,epo,Cmiua'2|5_2|9.

C nepltuoi ul1tutu 3?opu

113

ai opy6a aaa .eopyBa pai

i oiuioy aoIai op pyreoy
i a'i:
aioaio. Ta papytoo:r:tB;UI
)e, o oai ao oBo oa pa ay
aBa< p >.o
po,y ep.i
i oyB:UIa
xoyt oo opoeyBa'}tea o:l lllpooi poao' opoIll :D)r'H' - ai oy p aioaia, a6y paBxi i oopia,a)I(eaeoo oxe 6y
pi. o poi aioai p.yioeH}Ip:eoT .ooi apo.o ay 6opo6y po o6e,po i po6 aioaiaii 6oy aB}Iapoi _ a a yaai poyi
aioaiy a y ai epe proioo io _ oi,6eepo'oBapyoo aioaio.Ae a a aioaia6l
Tapa eeo, Ia pao, i ao o6,i Ba Ca,a 6aoitaIpoeBH apioi,a'po N{Iayo.o
poyi aioai avei,o oo e oBo a6pao6o .ypa' opoy
o B oa}li.i,
ie,o i apoaooairuy ii i oaya a itapoail{lllo i iopeTa e.
aioaiaii,[ ],a i aBi pepoo
ix il apo.i,To aI\,laioaio pye
io e 6y26.
yapa' .,ilo Iaa' pooBa opy.
6 apa.iipa iy ppo. aioo popHoo ipyapi, aoo <aioai> <apio>. oa PooP paBo ii po.
i e i opo aio:l apioo <<po.
px ei> i pai aioaio ii
<6ypao-aio:ix> rai, i ao BoBa oiio i ai o.. A ii li oi 6yo
BaoB, ?-) apia ii aa oio ia pa.
26Il/IAo, . 1,o.70,p.564,ap.52i57 (oypoiooo).
8-&7S

||4

Poimpmiu.
epeuonnpuu

.iiopi yi aai'( otl aya auii. Toy-o aiaioHpTiopii e

Il{:UIa
ao' o ai.aia pao,ia
aioaaeooTa epa Caaaoo'a
eiI opi xaa fipaoaoai aoa yila.oIHioi opo itoipt,eBo'e aB ai a peaiiai,a pii peaii y oi i i a y opy6 poeop&l
iypa oopaiiB paoyllpo i peopy.
aIIaxioypaioiiopoia'i.
i io apii ipa yiepey
iiiy i6pa aaoiy oepeui ayoi,
pyreoo>
Ha iopoo6 6io3a<<IIIoy
y ayei.iepeayaao)opei 6op a.aii yii.ao <.
ypyao-aioia
oi pyeoo a 6po py,l ypioi
aioioioppeBoloii>.
poe 6pei1946poy
(6) ipo oa pyy iooipauii a oi papioo ioy apii api ieo' i aaapll aai.Bo
ir BtIoBy'o ayiipa 6y oao
i.ooai, PeTopaia aa op6a.
a a6'a o;lIIIa
aaHipo lllo pyeoo aai<<alTyaa
i i ear ope6>.pi oo,o.
oaiiopaooiie ayoi,i 6o.
IIII'<o i a yi i apoopTo C6ipy>.
ii I{ pya pa.acTaBITIc
o iex iopi
pi,6o <iepeodpo _ a.apaa.
.e, y)o 60_70 poi i i }BoyBaII yi 6ypyaoi iooii>.pi oo' otl pootlyBa pH py aioypaiayoi,opi,
p'ei Tp,aaaoa}ryaiop o.apy.eiiy, i peoeyall IIP|4cvIaT|
o oa i i iopi27.
2irvlAo, . 1,o.70,p.570,
ap.10_12(pyH
aaii);
cp.57L,ap. 14_15(poeaii).
po iiecal|il
Mooi oapPy6o,aeoPya,
o .
rui6opayery6yoo aio (6) (o,
Py6o,Ionumgminopiircpiu'62).

ou
tEia

115

iyy py6iai i.eooeeo p.

tIJIa ei.

paia}.aoBa
Ha
3 p1946poy paia epBopac

_ aaoeePaa.a ),aoB
ooi aaii i,eooixo, o epyaBepe.
ap 8(6) Ap ao..aoa6apaui
Po ope}Ixi i ai a iite ire a po oepairoo iepalliloo yTypoo
opoi oiary. Boa raiaapo oBep}r.,o
oieooioo
ioe
po
ooi apioi iii,
i

ea
po a.yyPo a o iepayp
PeaIIi aa aix yi. oao ,aoB
iaa ay Pe 1946 poy, o ayJloBa
3a yi <epa.>
ypa <3a>
oii ipa.i
a
oPi
aoi
ri.
6iai iooio
peai Pa.Irxioe28.
Ai pe6iryiri ooi oi epoixpey.
o.
ia aia Paypioexieooi}Ix
oa oao).aoBHi ai Paio :Daa.
a,a ipaeiapii ia 1946
poy, Bepep a ao Ba3a'o apaBiaai 3pyIIIa e oai i ep ypaii oi.Toi o a pixa aytl oo Aripoy op ror oopyBa epur ea ooioi , a paii
6ya poaa i Po ai yi, po.
a t'oi poii paui po )Iulaoy:. C. Aeo, o.
Kemp,1 ( 1991):80_89;
ip o e,
o:Ur:
Cyp yyP',Ilp6apoo,Jt 2 (1991):
.Z['o6po,
249_271l ea 3y6oa, o6eno u peop, 1945-1964. oa,
1993.Po.12.

116

Poimpmi. epeu
onpuu

<.aioaiy>29.
Apii api po e oIo
ypai}Iy iy, ae oipo po o 6y
pyoi paiaii 3aioi pai, oo6o oya
aioaia apaa opo6a30.
i a py6iaoi apa aH poara.
24-26 ep 3,lBB:6ir e o(a o6ao
cTaB.rco aioiy paii, ieooi ia
iy ieolo Boeo poara,o'pBao Ba.
ilo a eIo ai. o6ac, o6io ae i
oe, oBep ioBoooex a oap6aepi i HieH. (Bi yi IIe aa paiy oTa api' iL]Iepyi a po i oya.) oa i
i poe i a 6 pao Jra, a iuri
pooi e.e BToBo oep.a ieooi oa y Te i ayo pepeai ypaioo
yoo. Ha iiy i ea6ap poia y ipai oi, ieoo e Byayil ieeyai y oy,
o Bo iac ai. yBa o6iya iooio tii aoii Bop. Haoi ei,
yoi i ooopi pyBao a <<Bey
i aroi oiaioi ioi> B Teay ypaioi yltl. e i6 io po pB y oioo apipa ypaioo aioai aa pyeoo3l.
3a i ip1l <.Hapiopii ypaioi ipayp> 3a e' o o irop ao oi y opouiIri paii yrypi i :ro ya Pi Ii
'3a i porpeolo poio yyPo. po aa a ypai iop oie i yaa
a,oi. Cpeap ai i o pa yBy
pyoo a iopi _ ii oiii opyo32.
29Hahn, Postoar SolietPolitics,48.H a,a e po6yai p6iarro}l
paii i itiepoiiplyii.
,o.pepaypoiya ey:
JffyBuds,TheE Cold War
in SoaietWstUhraine,1944-1948.
Cal Bk Papsin Russian& astuopanStudis,Na 1505(Pittsugh,2001).
3' TLAO, 1,o. 70,p.436,ap.10-13(oipe
ieooiob
.
t
iay),25-35(pyrei|),47_60(ay).
2Tll anto,35-39(aoy oi),52-5 (ipy.l).

pirou

r17

Cyaui ia20 ,o B epaiaei

Taafipoi3'lac
Aripoy <.yypa }I3>
C. oaoa<.BpaoN{y iei.
Taiopii pai>. Ca e pa oepaao p <.Hapyiopii ypaioiipayp>,BiBooi.ya irpe,po i roa epBeBioepeii. Bo.oaoaoaBBDB'
o p o <.Iopii
pai>(1943)e iepoio'opea'ea o.ioioi
pioaui oy rpy}ITypa.Ie
iopii, i a oio-eooiopaui.Ha y
ooa,py6iaiayoi o oooiopii>pai33.paii
y y ioai<<ayooi
tIoBtITT o 3pearyBaa 3a i o. Ha e.
i (6) 15 p pyo a,aBep o <.Iopii pai> epe ooBpa' poaaioaHa.o.ao
i14Xa|.
o oo i Haap[Io3aiopi pai> oi e aaa.
B' o <<Ir{apTa
oy tI
epro pa a eopii pyeoo:<<
po aoiBo.p poi
i6o oo]eI
IIa:}a ..Iopipai o yopioi ep)a''.po y paiy o c?>35.
oa aaaa iopi 6ya i iytli.eooioi 1946 poy' iripooi a epa pi <<aioai
Boy IIioepevIa
yi> y iepaypi a ei. pyo, i Haa.
peo BaUI'
o6 ieeyi 6iv yp aoiiaii,aoollly iy oiiaioaHooIlyoo.
ylai olllo <<opoo>
mpa u ru|!,20tr |946, c. 2.
il T y rIe 6epi, 6o o pyo 1949 poy p6pa a ,o o, i a6pa ao Iyi oivo .pa]i oy. B apii oii Hopalr{}Iyy oaa: <Copay ooii o. pyoa B{IIo [oo] oo6 api.
2/X|I_49> (rlAo, . 1, o. 1, p. 729' ap.3). po i ooii
pyoa luo)a .oaya oa a i ir ai a
iT opovoi y6iauii o epoBi ypaioy apioy
ypai, .:Pituy oiruo6ip, po3alroyi oa a.pi,
pmpoflimu lpiu, 8 ( 1946): 4-|I; aa i . 8.
35rTAo,
. 1,o. 1,cp.729,ap.6 i 7-8.

118

Poimpemi.
epeu
orcmpuu

Haapeo ByBaBpy6iaipaypoai
y <aioaivoy>
poaiopeoiypa.
i ai. }eo aaooo<flaa
aoo>3a e' o po paiy oi aaoa, i6
oa)eiyaay I I I oii:<lopvaayaoBa'o
o'i apo a i .aaaoo >!I1
y ioi i oPe apoooi e He 6yo>.aa,ioipo' 3ao3i ii y poo36. aa ao
po ieiaui 6ypyaoi ypaioi yryp y ooi.i Poo 1943 poy po iopi a a ooiai
oe yia <paiaaa>'oy aHyBoiyBa}IPaioo eoo )Ia pe.oioio.
ypaioi aii37.
IIIKII.
il i pooi e:UIo 3rwltlaca pioai.
x <aioailtxo;u(>y o6paxei yoo,
aeeo'-o prepeapooy i Caioi (floeuoi) o6aceoi eo, apia,o )I(oe}I
ypa.
i eHe poaB Hae)I(o
iypi
poo pey6i 3a paoi a.:<e
pail Ha ) oo oa po iypially paiy,
po {oa>.< e)I(He6a'r>,- oaBi oo6oy pyo.
o a aBpIeaayB oo, 06 6avlca
oMy oi iopi oei, ep epappe
oo: <Hi, B, . ai,oll{yIuIloooflo.
6ac i aai iypiiaii a ooi' e o.
Ior?>Bia po ap aia,aaIII:
<3eea po}ap,o6 opo oe tlo>.3ai6
i yi x ieooi poe ,aapo - poaB <aioaiy>iopy a' io o3o
6oi .opaHoi"tao.
Tl cao, ap. 10_11 (Haao) i 141 ().
oy
ep.ripo p6pa, 6o parr iopiopai oy:a
iy i i o', a i o' y III .
7Ta lllo,ap. 138_41.
Talcao,ap'74(eo i pyo) i 214 (i pyo).
oa Py.o, y iui opoo poi parya ypai ooo )rya <,[ip>, iit ayBa: <Mo oi
3a ypaioi o, iom I{ y iparypi aalIi 6y a.
oyDo oto) (Pyo, Haiut duo _ um4 188).

pairou

119

paii ieoo poyayBa e uii aaii

6opa. Ha Iuei oa io ay,}I(yBa
peuii 27_28 ep l iepo oaB ieooi oopo oal\,t,i e irypy y Tooa oiix .oye}Ia:
po oo? o
oy oapi pyT1lIc
i6o api
o p:l|4ca paHeoo)I(}l,
B po i ia o oiy. A eo xopo oa apio{y aIooapoy 6aao I||4cN||
apa Hoo, Cyopoa, yyoa, oaa oo' oi 6ya op,aHa apiovx
po ypaiooHapoy,y eyyary Ipilti epoiv pai aIoo Hyoo'
6 ai aoopali<o6ap>, epeN|t
a ii poy,6aaoio,y 3 yo poararropvi eo o opoBBaJlac
a' o)l(To3 yoo oo oootlyaB'o Bpai i paopoeva,i paoBoeH}I
po yiura. po6ae}I3a pii, e o a
py o)a. Toptipit,o B operr
a i,6o oaoopoy oii apii,api
oya39.

Cepeap iooiipy6o HatIyB'o Bi ypaii

ii.<<poBip
ieireii,oo6o)lHtla'
> l<poTpo>].<.ype6a 6pa y 3'3y
)ra'a e aoIoapeauioropoaoroai
i a i.ia>ao.
3aopooiCii, a 6aao oI\{
ooBooi.eo.
ypai
i.oi.
peo,o
oioo .oya).aotl oooi oa}Io
_ e ipi i.
i <.epa,>
IIpoypa <3.a>
oo pa:}aaoyBi.oa iopii. o..Bia''>ao3a.
aoBo (6)} <.pox(ypa
a a 6iepe3ao.o>,
y)eoH3a <oootlBo
ypaooi
po
aa
a
ai <aioaill>
oep.
po
epy
a
ioi iepayp[aaopeI(oo
y ypaiy oiy opaiai po-oiie
39IU[Ao,. 1,o.70,p.514,ap.25_26.
a0Tal ollo, ap. 34.

t20

Po)i mpemi.epulu ompuu

oapBo. oaoi paopi yaeo B Toy'

o
Bo yBa pa.HoTaolo i aoouya aBypy
caTpo aio yea1.
o ii iop pe} iooiy aai 1946 poy 6 yrB yTpa' o ii ii *,.r, no-

n|uozo
npulmlzo
Moett

12|

a3a:<.To6a aIaiTopi, a p oa Baa

iopi>a3.
i, pai urrp aiopaioo loioo iyaoo )|(T,y i pai Pa.o'ae yT' i pi pyii, ai ao paioBa i. a i.tto6a' .e 6yo apaiirei, a ao
aioaii, ieoo aTaoBLt.
aoi, pai epaooi iopauii aBLII
ii ypaioi paoi iopoi IIa'i.
oeaH pTHoo yoo

yi ay AH PP42.

o a aa aoe a polyp po oaa

oo, paBy yoy, oa 6y a
pay Mae. (po, o i pe azli-

a| Kmpe 6diumo
pici PP: epe1941-1950,
266-269.
a2Py6o, pvo,
mitt,219 (ap i opy6a);IIAO,
. 1, .7 0, p. 540,ap .9 0 _ 9 4( p ' v ) .

a lllooo p 1946 poy B()

oTaoBolo <.po pepTyap paaTH api i ao
oo oo oie> yoHB paeivi ii aoB. oaoa Bayaa a op6y epey eap:raoi ' a, Bopa pepyap, <<aie>
po, i ieiy He'a ai.,.paa'<<o
oiy...ypyay opa>.pi oo,.oye'o
oo o.i oy6iya, a i paa oo
<.pai>'aeopo BaaTaBTire pa.'
' a yvai I\,I.
oe.aaaii oi.,ippeoa pa ay
y:l e poo <<aaa
eapi i, opea, p BaB aix ' y ooB aTpa>;o)Bo'a a poyi oaoy
ai B pa.i oiaa.o.a aop ai <.pai'>
)TTapi, ai,
pyBaB aox ' , i <.iiy
i aa ' tiIBBaB: oTp iopuBo))>'
i pa 3 yoo pall,x ai apoi a payy oe.i I oi <.Ho apap Haapoi> ea Cp6a. ova poii pa.ipaaTyp
4rIAo,
. 1, oll. 70, lrp.459, ap. 15 (pa oilpo poiy 6opo6),16_17 (iopv ye), 18 (pya iopi i 6poIp).I' ea e pa aae ooii po oii apoi
i' a oay 1948 po. Bi oi paa yi i ao oBaBa.ooaperua y.iy ii. . Ao'
, .2 2 _ 2 3 ,
. 1,o . 23,c p.507 3 ap
aap' 2 ep 1946, . 2 (oaoa);William . cag, Stlin
Embnld, 1943- 1948 (Dtoit, 1978)' . 251 (ieppui)'

|22

Podi mpemi,pu dolonpuu

aiUI :lo opi, i oiByaJII4 vlTapiB a aiB,

y oaoioei x He a.ya.
He pyai i
i a eadapoiaaiia oy paooeapfs. B
paiioiii laBvl o Bo paTBaJII
poai epeyipo atlepoiooyoo.
ooa oaoBa y yytloy i pirei
(6) poBaoepio.paii ieooe aBa.
,Bac p yBa ll,lorllloBaoo
op i vy a' aBopa
aioiroipaoi iopvoi pa <oae.
>,o <aoiry>i arao
i ia a.
oio iopv pa_ <oy e ay opi>Oeapa oea a < )iBy>aa ioo.oa a <rii>
ii ' }e.:lo.oao
o6i,a pediaieapae6 o6ppa3
oPa.ocTaBItTl
<yvai>paiop' ae opiy
a ix i paoopeypi.
3 oy a e u ypaii ol'l p iiy i oooipaiIo.Bo oIpp e
a oepy _ (ap,pioaia a yoy.oaoa (6) <po ppyappaai oneptl
apiPP i ao.o oo oire>
y pii opi aya oeaypai oep}Ieapie' o BoH
3a p po e BcTaBI4
o.oiooi oep Hapa.yay.,(paavi eapBtlyaeo oy,o o epoopuioBeyyary piopeBoiiypaii ai,opea aoapio6yo ' aM.
IJ.iop o <oBya'aaIe yi aioaoi
o6eeoii ipy i ay:la yaoi>a6.
Iiia ypaioi a olay l o Miiei
yry aooi opyaiaiiooi.r
aai. ooaei <aoBtl>
e aiaaytly
py:D.o1948poy,o o:laaa opy Bao
ypaei <Beapy,(6a>,a aIIi aai po <opaiy> pa.rri
yi.
{5 Haooi poi iopv
paayp Baiip Cooo.oTpt,taCaiy pi 1947 poy a iproaypay po
Iaa pooo <Be oy.p>.
a6imepamptt oaema' 12 xo 1946,
. 2. yp y i oal{ol{
iil. - C' .

npumozo
u,t]lozo
Moa

|23

roi1946 poy i op eap oaBB

oy ei raoiiopuoioep o ea <Ta.
pa y6a>.3oaa pe'pa,pyaipivoi pai, i6ya pi Pei i oTaIIopo ppry)
ap.paai oep eai. pai aop:}y
HaB:ly3 pepyap,P:riei Moa Bapo6 i pui ayiDrr.PeeTlaBWI|4.
o <Tapa
oe
B
:lllo<yBtI
po
paiy,

y6a>}Iea
y pi>,6o epoy ai ya 3 oaaao Beo
l{JI a.oy.Ca oo a<aoittI\,l>'
a oepap;lJlap:DH<io .oeoio i>a7.
Iop.ra'aOeapao <oye ay opi>
i ooi p 3a e' o' o-epe' e.
ex( opDI(:UIa
oGpa:alraepoivx oai atl iB, o.
p:l.o
Py,ie.iyaaaioallHeHy i exryaa laoBo
6opo6o ypaioy yii VII opi'r.raE.
Hapiui 1946 poy, o ypaii pei pooaa aai poT iopuoi ea' aea pey6iaoo oiery y pam I\{e<Pa.eIu.
eBo) oepe.aa pi <aipoo aluyaII ao>B ooaoy)oi.[aa IIIyry ay.
tlII3a e' o i y api <i aopoui>epe
<xopo6oiyalr{oi atl>.pa <Pioo pa> popi Cioo' .e6yo o6pe}Io
pa
apoo
ioo
} i apooyo.ia i
y' aaB aeaaH:<o iooa ii, apaiv :Cioo i opoaia a
ai ..Pioopa" 3 ao rlao PaepHolt{y
o paio?>.Cepi aa .{eperya<i He p3oypy oa>ooo <Boeaio>,
<
pi tl:l)I(oiya>epeai, a 3ae' o aBop
aiPai a iopvoyooi Poiag.
{7llAM,
. 573, o. 1, p. 46 (pv o6oo yvai);
IU{AO, . 1, o. 30, p. 3653, ap. 165_170 (iii oapi po
pl{ io 1946 poy); Paeilucmm4 py t946, .3
(raa ui).
aEPae.udnrmo'8 ro 1946, . 4.
a9Pal|udn|nol17 1946,. 4 (ya); 22 o 1946'

i.(ry).
. 1 (Ciu

124

Podimpemi.
pua
otonpuu

Moelt
npulmozoJ||ullozo

|25

op B popy i re3a )I(}I

i oao B(6) ooy i ypai api i6ya p'epa ooi paiooiiopoi pa
Iaa oep <.poaMyp>. I aoo oay - a
6yo pei 1946 poy _ .aao,
o 'a ppea.
.{a po o oy ovepa a 'ii ei aya:
o 3a a i o pe'rp a oaoa<po pepyappaaTtleapi>,epioapioo apy iei IaoyyBoi.iay50.
oa
aa ' a, oa ii eo 6yo yBaTTkI
aipoyaoei :ryIt{' ia )I(oxoo6i.ao ypaioi iopii. Hio ei e ivo po
T' o P _ e oep.l{
yaoi pai, a Poii
ai Paoo oy. Ti oBa B:}ya.a'
o
ue ip ypaioo eHa.3peruo,a i.
a a.ai << , ,a
Py>,i aa ooBy ieooi}Iop:l,pa,
auao oo io6paxa i.eooi
i epeoapioo ii. B oai oHypaia a.aooeoBoape'py,oa pootlyBaa po6 i ooBpo <(aoBy
opoy>y r.
opyi a.
pe'rpai6yay apoi 17epe1946poy,aepeii a 'y ypai iu]eaftlll e6aeoaTpo:<ieparypaa:}ea>
o6iyaa poo o3liliry oo 12rpl,a <Pa.
eo>aao a, o |2 6epet947 poy. ieu ie, a i y6i a'ia ioplap a a aooya oypauii pa.e <.poayp> ia ioe
BiUIe o. epi 1947poy poaiiaa' o apia oaoaopaa Cai pei
pIIIooye.<.ipaypa
a3ea>'oiopo aopoy' BaJla.pay
3a BoBay .ai- poi, ypaii i iopyi _ <opoia o Bey aiy' 3a
i apo>sl.ia Py y aBaiouep ioi-

.aaaioy opaoi Paoo CoIoy a poiHlo

poio-paioi iopoi p}( i r.oi. o, oa
i.eaoyaa oiuiy pi aioaoi a'i.
o <poaa poo> eopy aiaeHy ppo.'<<aiopuoi>
aaii paii. Ioo-oai
BoBIoBaBop po <opire>paie ye' e
ia i, y x ito po i Hye ypaii i poi.
Bo.oa ii uioep aJI yri otloBarle
ya oiiy oiy i ao ui ieppeauii 6y propiIII a pii. Ao eio ai.y 6pa .oi<.apioiiii> y ooi oii a'i
paii: ea,oBoo oo' apia Baa <poa
p> op:a a paHy Me aopoy'
ia ioyi i.'oa paiya 'y p3 oio eevy ey52.
[e'a paia yo) aa (oa 1947
poy) oaa oopo o aa}Ipoio.ypaioi
p. Ha ay }I opaa )oa apa, a poypaie Iy,3a opi caBIIa6 <<BHToo>
io p.aBBBe ootto <.ooTapa [o
aepi . . poa > (2,89 x 2,95 ). Ha api o6paro }roo.ooeoo apya _ ayoo aiotliloo oa poeioo yo)a' i aotI .Bct|a aoo poioo I\{T'op ae
oo ee B Iepaopi Aaii . e.oBpla a i a po6oa yryaa Bolloa i.eao ipauiro iy po ypaioo <oo.oopaa>,
Ioo BT i epo poi <ap pa>. ooa
Ci pa .o)I(ipai oap ao ilBB: <apa Meioa epo y.apo o ypai 6ypryaaioaia, i aaa iipa ypaiy yyP i 6aoioo y poioi
yyp>. apy i.a Caio pei peoo ytl; e i, o B a <)IqaoB>
e i

50II'A,
.590, o. 1, p.57, ap. 107_108.iao, o a6a
BHy 3 y poo ovp, oyioaoo 18 py 1948
poy <iepaypii>a .3.
5|PJvucmmo'|7 epec 1946, . 1 (p'p)
; imepmgp
lE,m'12 py 1946,. 4i Pailucmemo'12 6epe |947, c.2

(peii);imeptp
12 ep|947'c. 1 (Caiapu:'ema,
i),4 (oei).
52A. A. Poi, pipeiounemo1941_1954pp.
(Ki, 1959)'.78.

r26

Poi mpemi,putu)ompuu

epoiiiopvipaiy ppeelts3.
Pooaioa 3o6aa ix lla aaooloi
i
ei,o 1950poy aeaTpoaaepTyarraiflepaepaiooBa
3 pool,lirloiT apTH Ha lrrilli ooa ixoi oooi oeii. a Bao 3 oooo
(6) i6opo Boaisa.
ypi ii e ai oaJIivya, o ioia oi epii ypaioi paoi iopoi a'i.
oa <.aoa>
io :ryaaoBpy .oaooi iopii, poi eoiep apaB 3:lIaB
Hapi a aioi iopoi 'i, .o3Bo
paii eii (ao pyllly [i) payBa o
<.aio>ii o Boo oo. po pey6i.
ai tIoB iea,ai oi io i. aioaoo yoo i oypyaT poeTap ipalioai3,
oBy oy Pay BBII,
o paia iopa iooi aio iopoaa
poii e)axaa.ooiy po pyxy apoi.
Haa a paie aioae 6ae tloo
apa a e oip y pelrdiui' oa apix ie po ao. Bi.pooopi, y Bay
poeopa op6 v yoo ypoBoa ea,
paB ye pio. oa iai Cia o BoBBaTBo }Iaooe
aoio. ii 1947 po oi y paBaTeBp Pai iipi PP oooB
oyp a pa 'ry a yay ey. PTaoypc 6 ai: 6iriTpooi e aa oi
eoiapo,Toy epIypei e p i i oy 'y oo oTaBss.
a ire,a oi 5IU(AO,
. 1, o' 30, p. 2426, ap.73 (ao);o. ao,pe.,
IX puc gorccme't
ma|a:moz (Ki, 1948), .
27' 2' 36; Peummo,|2 coaa |947, ' 3 (aa);
imepamplZlem,22 l 1948'. 1 (Caii ltpii a 1947pi).
'. ia ai ap}Iixoa: popi paov, Coa
aoa rilla:oax, iolag iiu, Kpumurc'} 3(5) (1998):
27 -28.
54IIAO,
. 1,o.30, p. 204|,ap.36_38.
55impmpazem,30 i |947, c. 1 (orue);II'ABOB,

M od elt nput ml Zo n|utto Zo

r27

a (oa il, eolli) peaBBa y

pi <..,aa
paia ai o a]ooiya i aoo Top oi iopii (Ha oooy BBaIov iopi paill)>. i to apryaii oxa ByBaT' O a y p:reitlaoye-6'a
io ariaopo -aiol l a i o. aeih i a pitli yao, i ep)yaai oo}Ioopyri iopii Ta aoJIoBaB,to paii poTo
..llpaTo'' o>,
<.ttai
/Io
o i ai a6a
i i aTHaia 3r)o56.
Ir aoiIt aBTop aia ap a p ii <e
iei>,y oy i ay aai yaHy eay.
oaao ap, aiipai oo apoBo oy ,o
BTyBa1 pa. pea ioo Itapioooie 3IIpoo p i I rueiep pia: <.Bpopa a ytloo..oB oo'',Be ao i.
Tope, a6o i oo ollloo ao!!!> yoli
epi Cooi Apl 3, ypaiiT oo
lrla )ooo iy, ip reiepa: <...BTeHpa,Hy oa poa 3 aiaioo oo..oo'',..ayT'',,.opeBii
Ta oTpy,
,Bo'' i . i.,>i peop pepa o a oi i
6ypove: <.otli.aa paioi a: poi,
i, P/lai, Caaai, op aepyai, a po

oo'rIpooia'llio 6 o poy -e6.>.

iattoo/laTop Baayap ipoiuo ay :
<.Ao HaIIlooTaTpy po oi-e lrapo?> T IIpaory papa,i aayT ai llpo IIoBo H i paii, aoByai oiuii
ipaypi:apT Ila Boaa,.oo'ei yp, ap a i6, .rp ll'oi pay, ii pai) Too57.
Bpei relrivpHaay , o ypi 1 pa Ta ai6ir <.
i.,oo
iv o p ay > poi paHy
. 476'orI.1,rIp.85,ap. 20_22 (poll ypi);Pdeummo'
piIlr).pi iaop pei
11 oo 1948,. 1 (oootItltlr
Ba.
6opoi flp 3a pa po flpy ioy i <.gtlpa
yi>.3oo ij oaapi pattap.
56I I , A O, 1,o .23 ,p .4 9 5 8 ,ap .2 7 _ |.
.
5i T 'tto,ap,34-44.

128

Poimpemi.epeu
onpuu

'y oaia Tpoa <.6o poa>. Ae oTai o api p.aBpya i pirB, o

6-3o6p oi {ao eope.3ai
.oBoipa 'ly, i a Bo }Ia e}Iy3 polr,ro.
o' :titBaoi a He.oa.a:
<poi,a po oyi ie aoa PoB )raoo yia>.
ai oa y, i ii, y o)oy aoy
api, a opo) y Bo.pyop.Hoi epo, ao Ma oaa, i a iproay Mopa: <<o
a ai ie, / Cyi Be uUI'ea ro.e>58.
pai Ba.ae 6yo a o aec,a6ITI
aoioo aBopa. i oo po <.ooaop
Ba.ayap>, i, oeHo' uUIeaBo ooo ooi ypaioi ieireii. Bpir apii i
opoo poa, o i ieeyaa}vr.o3Boo
yTBa aiozlHyatly, aBop ( aop) pa}Iy opoeTya poBe ie ypaioi iopii a
yptloi a. apa.aooi 6opo6 paoi
)rao. oa e aoi ap o oiy y Paa T 6yo Booa opri.r eo.,ooioil,lTpo Bo ooiro ai PoyBa
oiioo ypy a .oooo<<apaaiaii>59.
o, aeo i o <<aoBa>
yro ipiflIIac i. oo ooo-ipaoo api. Poii ieea cpfl Io aai xpeo
oi po iepaiy a aix yi y i, a
ii oe i a oi BvIIc
poaB pa.y
rai olottlyoo ypaioi aii. Pao i io p.TaT<).aoy>po6o peoa
Pa. Co yio' ae 6 ooo 3
iopiro aooi opo6 a pa,olo)rai. po
a paTi aai Bea.opeaBa apo.li PP
iiya e 3 pa.tloraiT Ta poi
iep N,ltly.
58T cao, ap. 45_47.
', po paaiai paei ipy :lopapxoix
.ypi .: . M. a, Topeno pca P6e u apoil
amp pedeou Peeccac' 2-e . oa, 1990.

P oi ep
HaietlpeoB
oi.1947poy
paii
Ha ie t947 po <<a>
e
)oB
oay
Bi
o aivIac'
3'Boooiooi i.eooioioap .ioyoo
oB' a .BIJI
aaa.oe 6o, o py6iai
ieyaopoioo
i.'eoo
oo' o ) ar y oa paaepi ypaioi iopoi a'i. Hi pai epio,i oo luooBaopia<<apo oar
aBo ia,toBy
oopoy oi.
eo.'ia
yi>.
o.a
ioai
pio
aaoa

pi
paiy
a
XpyoBa
i oi
iyai.
Hapiui oo 1947 po o a py o
ep peap() - aap aao'oy Cai
.oipBpityaa.ipo6e. pe po.o pay)I(ooIoBaBp.
i, aaoB'opoi caB.eo'
poa, ia
|925_1928
opaiai
6ia apiy

paIoBaBy oi, opa apotloiapo oepoBo

aioopaopy,aoipooBo,pooBo 6yiexaepii,apo6pio <.ai.
apo>.aaoai y pyoa a oai pia apii, a Xpyo, to oo ooa
yp,aIoooIoPa iipi.
y}I3 oa.
a 6p eo.iBaoo
oH o'ai <.aioai
pyoa, I{ap.,
i pey6i.Ca pyo
ya> ie:loy
TBep.)ytB,
o i Caia Baooo poa o9-&79

130

Podiemepmu.
Heieu
pemounoi 1947 po

oo poyTai a ooy1946poy paii. Co)y .yyBoB

opi oi:arpapyoiy
apioo
epiaaaaBpe.TyBapafoo
oo oooyep opri o,
oiavy a oi6 Bppoa i y

oip IIayIIiCaiai.
opa pi lt|-IIpyoa apioi oa
6y yle po. poooa ai.ai6ropa o}I T ' o o.yBaIIoa eploo epeap (6)
Ta ooB Pa iipi pai <.6yopo.oao eiv yoBa Boroo ay>' 6ite e iyao. Coxe poe)IyBa}I
oa'i6yo yii iopi,
oa a eooy pii Cai i.ai <<aoo>
o6ia
o6aocT2.o i a p!, aJleii ai _ <.ii> pyoBa i <<pi>
aaoa.
I pyo, i aao ooai y oi aao ype oa.ax' o ooB aBa oBop3aeoo epllloo peap 6a i6yoa ioo ooaPBa B paii, e e i.oo i Bo tloo oi. oa i ao oaoo oi6pa epeape I{ () 3 a ioo ooapa a aoi yo paeo Hio aoiea'.o oo 6ya
o.a3 ooBH aye, y i popa ooa Pa iipi pyo. oa aaoy dpayao oeii,
a i payB poopyBa oi oi i6oi l pitya po6e, oy ioo e aJIlIIJIo'
oya o eie, oo6o epi i.eooii, e
i i i a yio 3:ro.i a To epe.pai <.aioa-oyii>y ii Ba.Tpoi. a o' '".' Rilinsk, TheSecondSoaietRepublic,234_235;David R. Maples,
Khushhv,Kaganovihand th 1947Cisis,Stalinisnin |]kineii the
1940s,82_96;llloa, pia20 _50- porci,265-267. pi oo,

iz
Btl"veu

131

oay ori i}Io aao tya poBa, <<Bi.,

a oBo oyBa i ooaya>3.IJ.i
lll.o pBe oBoo pllloo epap a aaoiy
y ypaioi iopiopaii.

Byeio
apiax apii B(6) a

oay p(6) o.ia 6oa'aa o)I(By

Ta ao ypai
iopi.
p.
poeTy
p6y
a iaBBep.T
o pey6i
, i6vl aao
oi6 aipo.HapaiiepepIIIooepeap.o
yepIepoBB ii 1947poy,
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CepeaopiirypyapoopIa p'eB' e
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a e ara
i 6y l pyroo'
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a llaoi
po6o
po
a
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Aaii ay' a apaiootlopo p'ea.Ha opa ypaioi apii BaaBBBep'ea
oo <.yv
3 aopoooey 6ip, ay.'lll
ioi aTpaoioa pyoo>' <<aTopa
.,Iopipai'', i BaB3a
oi aoi
ioioyauiiy oi>a.
3 KhrushchoRemmbers,242.oratl pyoa poio oolopyyB:Ut lypai<.Boporop> poo 1990-1995 poi a
rltopetI?I(a.,(. pooi aoa po oo py pae pai,.am lnu|l' 487-494,
{ ITAo,
. 1,o. 6, p. 1036,ap. 17. H o, p'By .ao poo)ayoy ap'py i i. Hao o6ioai oyeT lt.oepii, o a6o epe,a6o i a iIr i i 6y
aioa }l iopaopo pax ey6y epoI,Ii
ypai iyaiB a poBi, a o 1944 poy HB
<otlo> oa 3 tl. [l,l... Kmpe lrumnl paii: 7iai llti,1:277.
9'

I2

Poiuemepmu.
Hrcieu
tpecmounoi| 1947po

oio raip'i i paa Iyi,aeoTa}IoBa

Ha:]a.
oo:la6ipy,poBay
poTpyreoo.
Po6o a Iyy a 7947pi aivy, o iripoi oii o i.oiiai,oa 'pioyii a 1946_1950po a )ooia po e pos.He a po ai
BooTpIa,aaoTaopitireByai ypaii iopvi ayui.flaooo i () oooBpo eaapyoepei i ypai iopi,a aaHa ei <<BpT p}Idpyao-aioai
pBe>y ii aoilpa6.
oepeipooaao.eo
ei 29 i i
po.o)a
6 pa.epoo.aaooo TyaB y yi, ae i i, i iri apii ieooe a
IIepIo)Iep
oai a aaiy Too' o Bo

aI,aJI
<.aioaioay> ioptl pa. Ae BoH il: i oii o)a oiya aopT' - i a By pi io iopa.
oa pyi paii ayoi aM'a po ai ipe. eip o a oa epo ooJIvl ooi.i, y acIlI4 p e pyroo' zule Ba
i i 6 o y B.ax lyy, e alBaJIvIi <.aioai >. H ay oi ooi 6 pa ir yai, vaire oalo a apy eopito oio-eooix opaui a aooly.
ypaii iopvi ' Poi. oe aaoy a6po ea pai ia i i pe6
aTyoo pooB Boo po3pT <<e.I
}I>
i yla iopa Ta pe i oo tlloolo7.
oa ep epeap a i oy ioi ioii a
Ta po ieooii ' 3 tly. ay' a
i )raH opeii, paxii
5 HAlI , o . 1' p. 95,a p .3 ( a a |9 4 7 ) ; c p .2 1 5 ,ap. 1_13 (ia
1 946-1950).
6 TUIAO, 1, olI.8, p. 316,ap. 27.
.
? rUAo,
. 1, o. 70, p. 763, ap.4-6 (o), |4_27 (epo),
47 (aov). [. yp i opa ap (e poo er'1lrllloo) : eamar momimpu,2: 3 | -7 2.

Btteudiz

133

<<eBIe
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o oJIpooopa.I[exo IrpooiBaBB:DB'
yr pyttloo.o yy
tloy
ollloo
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poa i aa
poaa

yaa' y.Ba.
c
y poeopi-api
flpa opooa flpa
aai. xao Pya 3i3a,Ioo.i) Ta y Ba a oo ByaIoaopoooi ai Tpo> ypaioai. 3ai BB<<eB.Ie
>
iopiopai
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3 ii aaioaioipopI(ypaii ay<(o>'
i eaiotITyaHi
oi oBep.
apaepi apiooipii aiooia'i,y
paireipaaBa.a.
y 3i3a,o y ai
i a i 6porypipo.(aaaooooi<.iIo 3a i oio' y...a yplao-aioaia
o}IaptI <.ypaioo
iopiopai>,aBaBIII
a' ay ypaioi aioaoi p)a>.Bi oo.B.
' o aa ieppeaiyp oiioy oy
a iy P iy MaTeptlyi i.oB'}I.
Ba.aioo yiepeApe opio oaB ieaiauii po-eoiioo 6paa porpeoi opaiauiiypai ieeyai.Tep i ar
po aoBy6opo6y i epri ypaii oii
opaiauiia iya i <.ypyao-aioaioo
pa>9.
a oepeii yioB;I'o paTeii aootllyBa}IaoBoi 6opo6 a iopv 'i i Poi oeio a oyepevi. y BepyB Bary
8IAo, 1,o.70,p.753,ap.59_62'82_83,99,166(epo),
.
248-250(y)'159-160(Py6av);113_15'139i 254(oa
a oapio).
9 T.ltcl+o,
ap' 255( y)i 139- 152 ( oprlio).

134

Poiumepmu.
Hercieu
penounoi 1947po

a, o e oo6o oy oo'
oo.e oo oio 3aB:Dar:

III-

fTo. ucmu:| He po'a a po aoi oe ioi oaa oo. ac 6a pair aa apapa oa oo: B ypaioo apo.y' Ha' a ia ypa.
i apo a 6opo6y po oili aap6i,
p rra paiy o Poii . i. o o:UIpaBa a4 ' o oaa aoi oIeHioi
oaa oo' o ypi 3 pyHoa.
oa Heoo [po] aa poi, i oe i yao. o i oa BIII|.|4
aoi o, o oa oaa iipa i Hapoy. I{'ia a Ta o:l:Ulao.
ya, o i i a l,t po3')o. epI 3a B
oi ii i apoi oii, ooBy oi y oai aioii oe, i ep .opaoi
apoi oeii.
To. umu: l, ypaH op' op oHoo oaa eoo' opee o po o
BpIr{'a paeBo o}Ia aBo ope}Ia..oaoo oo' To I e op}I oaa eoo, a
I ._ op paI _ aB Bopo o o' o
Ha e}Ipo oaa eooto.

Cpeap ieooii aB pyi poyi, o o

aoaai ipaBeHyiopi oy pai
Poito,oo pe6aoB oyT'
oa eI Bara iop ipo
pe:r3 epeape,aiy'o y i epi ii
i.ooiip aB'.
oi.Heaooo *on
oyiya
B
aopeo,ry
epii
ooBoy aoi <.ore>
a <06 op ypaoo apo.a>..oao
'yapi pyreoo
a oo

Btl"veuioz

135

y o o'a 3 Be poi apo.o>ll.op [i

oaBy vii, e{ae yoB;la' o }( 6e ypaii r iei o ope apo..I p a)aoBoo <..(aaaoo> a , o opaa' a
pr o.'poea oB ypaioi aioaHoT
a6a i.eooioi a, 6o .aTaaa BaaT' Ha
a aoo yoo i oB'tI o}e pee.ya paia.
y oi ai po'a po6ey o...,Boa[I peeH: <.oao yTBopHrr ypaioi apoHo paar a [V oi, a VI oii opya oHoi p ypaioo apoy (o, yypa a
i.)>. yc, oo BHaB' o ooo apaya ao-Bo io III oi o iopii
pai, a:}a'o a ep.)e|4I1eya po6y. oa , Boo peo iri i a i ai oPii: <.i poay ioi .ep)aB3 Hoo ope
o:l opya p 6x o.tl .o o.oo apo.:
poi (eop), ypai i iop>, _
e6o e Bio aiir y III oii..o oo )I(poooi a pooa i aHoy aoy oidropo ip y aoa, l aaB BtIHe
po op apoi III oi. Ii ooBi iop pooyB ao XIV (Cpai ro), V (Aa
apaoa) a VI (Baiip iea) oi. o oo o 6o api ieoo apHy Ha Boo ooea:
<.BIxoe.ay?>,_ y ipia: <.Mei.arT'o
( oi uii ii peap apii oop
B .a.'i T > >.
poiolo, a iop _ ypaio.)12 opei aiac 6epeaHo Beepi 6 pa. o api
yuioep e By i aepI:ltloo' p o.oiui pit'
oxo, opeui aa y , o aa}IoB y}IoyBa aay ieooi.r y. .{oall K. , 06 op yparroo apo.a,ou 7 (1947):

|0Ta co, ap' 262_263; eutpm

momaimapu,2: 60.

52.
12K. ,
o op...'
51;IAo, .1,o.70,p.753,ap.260
262; eam momimapu,2: 59.

136

Poiuempmu.Heiutipcnounoi1947po

a aepeioye oi6pa() ia'o a

TpaBe1947 po i aayaepo pail
e}Iyypaioo . a Booopa oi6po aaoxaopo6oapi oaoB<.poopaeieo-oioooa api a 6opo6y
3 poBadpyao-aioaioi
iooii>. .oyi Bi py aaeo'o ypaie epioToo )I
a iiaoue apio 8(6). [a pia
poeapyo aaoa:<.Hepoa [po6oy pilo
a (6)'_ C. ' l.flo poooyBtI6ea>.
olli oai a:}ao'o 10 pB}roi6ropopilllo epypo6ouflapi,Teoo i parel3.3pero,ya i i6y.Heo,Cai a oo p 6e eyiy oaB.oii aaoapoe6iyy <.aioaii>
ypaii yypi ayui. 3a eeo'a o6yyaaoi pe ypaioi ieirii,Cai iy pooiaaoBai oa: <.Toapaao, Ba e .a
oopTe ypa apoo>la.
l TT'AO, 1, o. 16, p. 32, ap. 47-48 i 49
. B oo6oyapii
.
ayioo 6epiaoytl, oa BBDapo
pavoi aaioaioi oao (IABO, . 4669, o. 1,
cp. 44, ap.24_29 i 30-39).
l{ TIT39g&rI,
rcpai20_50- poi,27|_272; p Kzaou (i,
1994)' . 40; 3aa, Iooiv epop, 79-80. Ha II 'ii
P 1962 poy ptepap oa iop a pooi.apo o , o e i6y:
<B aep ipr i pooai [aaov]' e a 6yao )t(o.i.a,...I{yBaT
y aioaii i i
pyi a io api pii. 3a oo aio y Peci 'lllc popoi ai po py ia apii i apo.ui.
o.a e Booo aaoa. Bi oa oaa a
ey [ opo ttll <opo6apo aioaiy oooi e (6)>, oa apai 6o a aoi lt.Ta 6 oo' o, a a aT, I{epa oi
oapii paill 6aao poi ovoa Heo ie a Cepiov pyo, op oBya oyii i ypai
IlapoB ,yiiepaioaiy(6ypi oe), py6 apoi, 6eeoi i,ao}r i iiy (pai 6ypi oe). (!.: XXII ceDollgucmueconapmuu Coem-

ma imopui

r37

Aaaa iopi
o aip aaoBa Baulya Bey
ieooiy y pa., BiIl eoiao ayB a pai iopi. Hi epi aapa I{
ayo(6), aB)I(o' aaB <<oioBio>
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oo' eopa eva, 6 ipIvl|s.
pllloo 1947 poy ie eTp'"'o
po6yaB oBptly o6i pi oi6pa i oaB aa}Ioei opoaT a aa Poo' .oBIIIoi oeooi ooi.i 1943 poy po iopi a,
ypai Hapo.}Iiopoo a By o B.a}I}I
ie I944po a aBo6iopaiy o <.apia
oo.iT>(1946). B yi ea oe rrao ieaiBaB yPaiy yBllly i e popi aioaii a
.uii ypailri ypi. .aoo
<<porpBi>
ep epapi (6) ai o 3aBepB 3By oaoBy <.poooi .T. Poo,.i iopii pai''), i po o 1943 poy aao: <<apai ooi po i, a By iopii pai, y
o . P aar 3ayi api aioaii o'>16.
Ba:it, o i oii oIa aaoa epoo B3 a iopi. epr epeap opyr{Bayioy aa ioiy peoilo, i 29 p 1947 po
oi6po (6) aBep.ooarroBy I{ <.pooi.
lo2oCoa, 17_31 olon6p 1961z.:Cmozpuecuomem
[oa,

1:280.)
19621,

a '5 II/{AO, . 1, o. 70, p. 618, ap. 1 i 34. pai, ot|o,

ory aoa, iiepo paoi6e PP oao oy
o'y.ooipo <aioiviapoi>epypaioi iireii..: PAC' .81' o.3,..|28i |29'[y fipi ply
3a oa.
TLAO, . 1,o.8, p. 328,ap. 6-7.
'6

138

Poivemepmu.
Hiutt
pmounoi 1947po

i o i eaoiy po6oy Iy iopii pai

Aaeii a PCP>. oyi oopoc iopa a
ei po BopT <<Hayoo
BTpay apoiy iopi pai>. po a Iyy uai i 6o a:}ao' o Bo poai <<aapT
yo>, <.ipy oi oa pep}re ypxyao-aioaioo apaTepy>.oa oaIroBa aya iopi apa, i io oco6e
ie apoeIo' poa, 6opo6i a epeoa ypaioo Iapo.y'apii pB ooBo ypaioi iopii i ai aeB:l. oaoi eapaJIoc:<<ooa oa aopi pa iopii pai oar ToI\{y'
o o ai po.aiopi pai y ioy 'y
iopi poioo, 6iopyoo Ta ir apoi Poo Coy, iy rxo ypai aioii i oaT iopilo pai iooao i iopii it apoi>.
pyi oo Bep)I(I{i iopi aa io i 6l-x yo ypaix peei a iy
Py a ipea iopi '3 Poilo. Booa
yy B oyei po e}Iy ai oBopoT.o
aooo aaiy: BBoy iy pe6a 6yo a aape. <.6opo6y a po o aapi a eoaoo iy aai>. oaoi e oBao'oy ) y aoy pai o i poi ap
oia 6y iopvo porp' ae aayilo
6ire yBa pi.ll poio-ypaii pai ipai y peBoioypyi a oiiui poyoi17.
oaoa 'ya o ypai iopi, ya3aBI a epe)I <.6ypao-aioai>oi y pauii iy, oo6o oo peopa o epooo. Pie apii Bae}Ioa:i aBa}IayoiB _ Bop apo-i
<.opo yp iopii pai>. o 15 oB [y a
p.TaB[epaoy oieoi a i <.opooo ypy>iE.
I oa u apiy peoui oiro oy6iya oTAo, . 1,o.6,p.1073,ap.16_18.
'7
|8
Tlt 'tlo, ap. 23.

micnopui

139

o 1994 poy, oii ao () <.iropai> to i olo epe,oBe<..oi iiya

6ypao-aioaii epepIe iopii pai>,
.eoa.o epa:}aoopria . Ha o.ao <.Paa paia> oydiyaa e aaoiirplaui
a <.Cop pai ayoB' apo-eiy
iopilo pai>, e e yoir poy,taaiei oao19.Iare a)Jr'ao oi epeoa' o pey6iai ieerya poyi oo opa.Bi aa
ii po apii op i iya Aaeii
.':lJI
a i iopa' a Tao)po oepei 16- 19 Bepe2o,
Iyy, I, ioo iepy a ioo
e.aoioo iyy o6oopa apiHy oa}IoBy.
aao, oeB.o, io e TaB poooi ii
oepeuii, iae 6 6 ppo pae. oa i ratI Jo oBoploBa ai iooii ir oyea' 6aao o yiaBc i paoy aoyai. epo BaB opei o' e iyB 3Byaerr, i6 oo o.'aapi aioapai Iyy oeap
ii. oo ip NIaJII
Cyu i Co. I{ yo BpyT pap
I{ poara.Iaa Haapa:
y e o i . Cyu, ByB a,oaopoooooHo. epooo.I{epa oie aaBi a a epoi olr{'o
:l pyaToe i a6oi apo-eioi
ioo,a o6poep,o
.peTopaiyry poTax pox

pyB
epooo,
opa
oo' opaiya6opo63 poBa6ypyapya pooaioaiHi i .oao
Torraiopipai. 3ao, o....ovoy
BoByBa3 poyyi . Cyooi
Coa, i aaaooi'33pie t.
|,|Boc.|
o6oopeoo,oyea2
19flo iu iiya6ypyao-aioaii
ioeppyv
pii pai, iourc
paIu,}'.l
8 ( 1947): 7_ |0; Pcapi,
)oB
|947'c.3_4,
20II/(Ao, l, o.30,p.621,ap.166-208.
.
2tTT'Ao, 1,o.70,p.760,ap.168-169.poot"l1l|t..l,|..lt.'
.

140

Poiuemepmu.
Heieu
pecmounoi 1947po

3uao,6ya pi b oaoBolo, y i oco6co epooo ByBaeo pe)Ta aioaiy i

3aa <.po oa aioaioo aDaTepy>' a oellape Haapea' 3a oBa opoo iop
ap oa' o oo-a-oo aooi i e 6opo
aioaio. Coe, epap epe aa a.
po o'ruya oaoy aaova. oa y io ai a ir 5rai, iaylov aopTe
ieooi:
ioo, 1946 poui a pydiaiapai o
poaaipooa aIooIyy iopii opxaaoTyoiy. Ha apaioBop'o iltpopo6
ay po6oy,o i BIB at(6poyp,>'1-o i
. i. ox, pi 1946poy io 6aoo popBy' oy oaiopvaaya a paii22.
i pepao 3IIzl'o api yuioep, a
Boo oi podoTy Iyy 1946 poy, _ e a HaapeIo. oy pieoy oi popoe pap I{ aaB o ipai, o6'.a iopi a iooi aeo <<>:
<.Hape6ao 15 a a ey i e ..opooo ypy iopii pai'', popo6 uiy
y eo.tl opa . a.avi, oy6iya y ' i ooor6 al Baaapao o.aa iopi>. ii aaoy Haapeo aB i po
tsallo i y, i po y epooo' Cyuoo i Coa23.
a.pyoo i a peoo Bepe appya
Iyy poea ii.o.ei 6op, a ,i Ii -

aao a ap. 28_36, oeapi Coa i Coo a ap. 44-47 a

t32-145.

22Tolt c.t'lo,ap. 76. Icl,tc

ruaa yai <.qpop> 1940 poy
B^Ia,
a e o po ' pa i epe 40- poi.
23Tolt culto,ap.170-|71(y
i Haapo);o. 30, p. 621, ap.
|6_ 174 (i aaovy)'

m imopui

14|

i 6op, IIa odooptoa oii o iopi,

i6c yi iya Aaeii a PCP2a. B i oaT pai Ba.aopaiyaa apa eii,. iireii o:l oaoBy . <.Pa,aoia>, a:}ea
iiepBa oBi, tlo y6iaa ai, i poyayBa B e6e <.6ypao-aioai
epp{e> ypaioi iopii. iiepBo ao) pecaJIo yi i Io poo aa:}i ooto o 1 oH epeT a}Iypi iopii pai25.
Bai aeao i a o' o6 ra apa
a i o6o'3oo lacIl|4aioaii eopii. iei iop oitIvl aB' o BotI }Ie pTl ,o
oIIIp oo oi. B xopo.oy yipei ai pa.io Bopoy ipt <.Hap iopii paioi PCP> 1942 po; o ) 3a
ia i o oay aHT 3'|4acoaIIoBapo Iy iopii pai, ae pit }IeptyaT pe
oeio ooB e i poo ayBaB ue yp.
.aoi iya ipoopaa Caio e pil epepayBa i iiyzl' o o Bo pooya yp iopii pai, aJIe'3a ii oBa'e i
ipla, i popodeoi popa. A o y 3aopioy ,aoioy iyi a-a ao, aBa, BMaa
6it ii o oo ypy iopii pai26.
ii ei op:lJl ao.ooapIc Ha
y oi TaapTi ipl iopii, i e
aBep.)t(i
i6aliy oiuioi ieppeaii oi ypaioi
iopii. Hapa, yeIaopryeo a oioy
eiapi oai i.aa ipy apaooi 8
ay eaoi: <.o.aay}I aepi y Taoy
II'AO, 1,o.70,p.744,ap'52-56;emmomimpu,
.
p. 1090,ap.1-10;p.
p.621,ap.175-86;
2: 104-108(iop);
1494,ap.1-10;p.1620,ap.1-11 (iruii).
,5II.Ao,. 1,o.23,p.4525,ap.11-18;
o.70,p.620,
cp.4526;
p.761,
ap.1_34;p.76t,ap.36-41;p.1095,ap.1-11 (o6ai);
2: 93_100 (aa);Prc
ap. 23-35; eammomimpu,
ocim,10xo1947,c. I-2.
26ILAO,
46
ap.22 (3aopilx),37(opo)'
. 1,o. 23,cp.4526,
(ipoopa)i 53 (Caio).

t42

Poiumepmu.
Hieu
pmounoiD 1947po

BiHo)a. ipyvy oaoaaoo e}Ia

yao'It aaoao' o ia Py
6a ocoPo 6pai apoi - ypaioo,poioo i iopyoo>.Be e ipa oI,:lBlII'o <.ei
iopii epiri aroByIoa ipyoi y Ba.ai,6o ipaypioao i ai yepeoiTa}I>
iopii pai27.
Bii ri (6) epipBa.aH
iopii
io o6a i B }IotI
aioaioo a oi pey6i.Ha aoi ) paapi i.
opoi a'i oi io e BopeHa.Cep iB }Iaoiy ai, xo oBopB po iy P
po <.paiy> oo oia <.pi6o6ypai
aapii
pai,
-o
Peoioivi>
.opeBoioi
uiy paiy api (P) a paiy oieopaypoiapi.Hai eii ioo iy i.eaiiaii ei apootlyB:r eal{eaixpo6i i Ivl:<.Poapi y opeiioi.pxQB>
py
a <.Haioa
a paii 1905_1907i iiP>. op e, i,i
riGopoll )l{ei3aioi pai, i <<eoao aoi oa i pa l{apoiiopvoi Hay>.Bi yayBay ui yaii [ iopii pai, popo6pai popa.Bei28.Ta iooieooayo:ei pyil
aopi ipyui, iop epeai.oiai
a i.ooi,a iei yuioep pylllya oPo
a.
Tao aaoa, aBao,poapBaJlaiyi op BtIyBaH.
Tpoo )oTCepeapi I{ apBe o.yoaoBypo ep6iodoope
pie ooBoIy iopii pai.
oepeHoo
i ao'o 6opy B IIIoaxpey6ipoy y ooy}Ia.o
oepoBoi e p <.aioai27Tll cllto, ap. 25 -26.

28IIAO,
. 1,o. 73,p.398,ap. |_22, oco6o|2 i 19 po axi.
lry paiy.

Am imopui

r43

TH oo> Ba Ba'alB;oy aao poBeT oi pai ai.a oi oox iTa a e oy ayoBy oepei Iyi (ui ai
a io e 6y peaioai) 29.I oa a oay )oB.
I oa aaoei .aapi poy a.
yoo i.lpya, ypaie epiBo Ta io pooo 3 oa.popa Iy, a a oo i.
apii oeapa aea. Hoe pa|4ol|Ioo
peop a o a e aB ooi oy6ioaoi . oo epla oopai <.Bo' . a pai Poie
i oo iopve a}l>o6aa i oo 1954 poy30.
aiipaTBrre pie aBp aooio aaoa, oy pao pirr ao.i, aai a io
e i.oaoo poay.
po epHeBa aaa a iopi a oBy 3aao
y pell MtIHi3l. I.eoo <<).aHoBtI>
iopio aB o iiauii epoi pare ii a }Iy,ix i paHolo ii u poio ipoto iopiro. vpi 1947 po ooa Ci i PP Aap ar B a yi pai Ci 3 pooBo, a a6a eoo poooy. Bi aao oBop po , o ipaypi e i.6c pir5roopo .o pa'oi a. Cepe p ii po6e a. :u}aBi << P ) I(6ypyaoo
aioaiy>. Bi, 30lpea'pTyBa epoii iopui poa a aipe ooP}IIIPoioi ipii: <.Bo6pa:ei iopoo }Iyoopea i oa:}aTo Ta cllto,o. 8, p. 340, ap. |3_|4; m momimpu,2:
119-120.
0ILAo,
. 1, o. 70, p. 762, ap. 1_20;p. 763, ap. 1_35 (a).
a pa popo 25 xo 1947 poy' i i aIa a i oi o 1964 p. Bi ai 1926 poy oa
iry apooi oi io i Ba y oai a opi.
i a i ao paa aapai ()' a po.o)
|945_47 poi _ y pyiaoy Hapoai aopo}rPa.
.: C oi, pe,.,Buei Icmumm' |2 4_ 125.
.,
3l ax, 6oep.,i
oroo .o aaii a oa
otlo, a , o oo epi aica aoy o iparypoaBi _ A a I Ce6y (IAo' . 1, o. 23,
p. 45 15, ap. 3- 12; Laoa,pai 2 0 _ 5 0 - poi' 269-27 0,1.

144

Poiuemepmu.Heieuponounoi1947po

|45

mimopui

oHi3aopypo ap3y.3apa y.BDBiloa:}aTvITvI>('

e yoy Boo aPo.y'i poi,o i
apo.oio opoi poiol(yypolo...>
Ha oy ao aiai opivy' ooBaCi IvteHi
PCP,
pePayBa oi pooi aioiio oere}Ii.Maei o 6y i apii aaii
1946poy,o.tloBapTyBao.ao
aoy6ioa y ii 1946poy poa epa aa <.3aopoi>32.
I{ eprooiop poa _ eia oo.
i po paiy VII opi_ a6apollopai oo P 3a <.iaiai>
o3ai. a 6yuio Heo.
TaToipe apyry i 6aa ft 6i oa.
a,aoio3Boo6pa6aaoooaa Bepry,
a B Ta oHoo epoi,IlIayxoo' BaBpaoi oBa: <.oaaB)I.
6opoc a paiy, a ipy,
a o!>33
3 15 o 20 epepBa potllpeey Ci
ei,a oy pBaaioiio i] ei.3e6iloooTopBya|946
poy; opiy y ory yi oBpyBa.o<.pai oi>[oea. Pi <.3aopoi>,
ya}I'iy aILIJ|II
i ee iopv poa opa ypa <.oaBepea>.(oo epo,i o6apI opi' yaepeooa<.ypya
aioaia> i ai epeapea.lpoII.) Pot iopvxap i e aoltl6reia.p' ypaii i.eoo itoiaoo lapl.vI
Ba
poa'i pa}Io
ieppeyB:l
Iai :<.
o,>
pi ooo a <.ooooi>Iaa Cea. P p.o
Baoi o.oa aa' aop apiooioe <.flao>'y i ao pooopoT aioi iopii, y i
ayB pyreoo,<.acTa>
p'ea, po-

oo i Poo.oo i oo oo6o iy
payoPoo,o ryy:<.pao!>3a
Tpo 3ooi.a eyy av y oBo'o popoa po
JIy Boi oai ooi <.lapi

2impmpa?o3ma|3 |947' c.3; 10

1947,c. | _2. l.a.
o:. Lo,yypo-iooivi poe paii, 41.
ts .,.:imepmp ?Qaema,17 i |947,
c.2; Cpo, pi.
ionopuu npolI 40 poti,c.257. op. epIIIa: .
po a, 3nopoui(i, 1946);. pay oaa yoo a
(.2,

IIAO, 1,o' 23,p.45t2' ap.1-47(opivy),

(a171_183
.
().Opia
)a}I,
opeaap,|77-|79 poPoo),260_268
poooii oiioyepauiopioB.y: lA'
.590'o. 1,p.39 i 40.
5rUI.A,.590,o. 1,p.56,ap.118;tAo, . 1,o.23,rr;l.
4572,ap,267_268,

oy oaa

e}Ioo>>.

aBa

.,a

i6aopi c, o i i opaB i ai i oo,

pea popy:Ula <.3aopoi>.a i oa a
pie ep6i Io.yBaB,o oIoBaHH }Ia io aa aBi a iai op' a.Baopiviai i a pie ar6Pa eoi e Ha i ieooiMTo: <.PoaH, aa i.
Ba a,6eyoo y cToa oy yo)Ho pii i yy aT 6 pH ai e y
iop epio i epe eoi Py lo>. .o
ii i 'aBao'o a aa ' oa
ea ipy ai, a i ie aIoBa}I
paTo ryyB' yTalo paii poii oa: <. i pao, i i ari p' ai o y a
..6o a''>35.

BpH aaou i pyo ypi

.''a.oo
3 pyolo a 'o i ypai eH}Ii,i
o6oop <.aioaii o> oi oapri
apioi iii. ili
a 3o6o'yBa .opIr{yBa
tiBea yBa tly >'
pooi pio a <.
a io poai Ha Pa, a ai epIy
aTH i.ooioBa)ooiopvoo polay po p . ,aHH pai o Poii, pir pooya rp. Bi
6a i a iopoo )apy io 3 aoa
oiuioi aaioaioi pop: <. 3a' To 3aia oy, o6 y a 6o poai i oie, paaTx opi a iopi e. ..., pai e}IlI' tI a o paBa i.aaa iy [auioaia' _
ay aly Ty, iopi auloo apo.y>.Pa
. ' l

10 - 8-79

146

Poiuempmu.
H ieu
pemounoi 194 7pog

pa.aB, 1940 poy odoopa ie Boo oaoo poay pyo i oi api pi ooi o
opo opao. aao i pyo, oa' e pooya oo y i ar ea y eoi36.
Iooai i 6e eitl aH' yi oo.i iop' eI NIaJII
a.Toilo o)o
ay' o pea olloa epeiya aioaiy
iepaypi. Haapo <.Paa paia> oy6ia
poopyy a ea <.po aioaii o
M. Poo>..(o i paJIac<.iepaypaaea>iolo epo poiya aTe po ava, ooo
ir. Poo 3y oydiaTvI a"IT<.poaioaii o oi iepaypi po6oi>37
. }ao,
x y oo aioypaix eHi, epeBep[I opio 'i iipai .oa ii i}I oera. oi aa Ba i Ci M}Ii <.aioaii>epa apaoo' Maa Pyoo Api apya-apaoo' a oaoo ai aapeya38.
Poa po Bo epoi, i6oy pooo
a ipo ioo ooapTBaa ooBy ay
ypaioi ipaypoi poyii. 1947 poy ooflt ceH oe oap opaB Ciy pei pyoo
e 3a pIIIyaTy ooi poii <.paopooi>.
Hayoo poy i opa Ty ay }Iaopo.y3a pyry a36Tll c-llo,p. 4511,ap. 1_88..(.y P6aa
a ap. 41_43.
7Pcpi,2 o |947, c.2_4 (eu);
Jlimpamgpzem, | 1 py.l |947 c.3 (P);9 o|947 . 1, 4; 16 o'
'
|947,c. 2; 23 o |947,c. |; 4 pll |947,c. 3; 8 i |948,c. 4;
15 i 1948,. 3.
imepamp rcpfua,13 oa 1947,c.2i 20 coaa
|947 c. 4:
Py6o i peo, miutt,228-229. Ha.aeIe B ' oHei iooioi oaii 1947poy' ape ap-apao 6
o'a paI oo y i va ilr, a e 3 oBoo ii oea paopa.o i i aIaa o)moBa}Iolify
i yop 3pai, l,lo)l(o' pa,I{
a re.
iire ep6pa.oo, y) y popai ooai
apii a6}Ioo peaxooatl eepaa,'iCo6ol..:o. yio, pi apy-pa y .:3 nopozepmi,
c, 345-47; mprcumm pii: Si}i eli, 1,c.484-496.

m imopui

r47

I{y Bopy, a Ia P6o _ Ciy pei peoo

po oo i oo.
Tyea oi <.3oooI{>
<.peaBapaa>
poa
Paa
iop
06'
B
a o6aB i: epIy iTepaypoy )ypai, a 3o.o,
apii 1948 poy, opolo tI)Io'a oo ay pHea aTopoi Caiy pi pyoo TyeH3g.pa P6aa oyll(B peeo:iopi poa iTavIc,o Bo yaBIoBaiy /lpyy pai Poii,
ai a oy rpyi aBoo oaoo yoo.
a a 6y aip epuloo epap' ae aai aaoa 3a i.eooioy e eppoay Bootly y ypaioo ayoBoo iepayptloo ). I6popa,'itteeya pey6ii e oi i.ooioi 6l Ha ao' a p oo aa.
pi py. 1947 po Cai i.,aaaoa.o
o - a ao Heo.iao, i pa oo a oaTy oo )ITa poy. aao aB ayo oo P
iipi CPP, a oa.ypllloo epeap apii paii
tloBy p6pa pyoao. aai po <.aioai
oo> ypaii iopiopaii iepaypi Ta eB.oBii 3i'i} aaoa o Toi,ae i.ooivipiIe 1947 po opao ixo io }IaoBya. oa
ypaii ieeya opa
y e aepIv!'
6p po. Hayi ia poi iri ei
a iopoi aT' a iop p epri-iri
ari i o)a oyil iopi 3B'3 Poir
a aooBaJI|ao ai, ai o ooae Bopa o6ox pai ayyBao ii apaB.
i peri pa.'tlpi, pB )Iqao paii e .oBo aBaIpo e6 aT ai i9impamgpa23ma,8
i 1948,. 1; 14 i 1949,. 1_2 (oap i
P6ov). Bvp ooIIIpyr{aoiea y ooi
ypaii iepaypi .: p, p.,I'rnopigpacoiimepampu (i, 1971), o 8. po P6aa .:imepIpa ?Bem'6 py
paa>);9 6p 1950,. 1
1948,. 3 (ura po <.peaa
pa ( i, 1948).
(Caia pi);Haa P6a, epec
.t0o rlploopeapa oo Pa Miipi a i altIllHo ooBo Pa illipi PCP aaJI)/tlItl;l
po.u'i.
pyoa,,Z['llopoelto.
'10'

148

Poiaempmu'
Heiu
penounoi |947po

paooaoa pi 1948po. oa iei i ee aJI LIIBIo a paoByBa

iooi-

i a o ay ipaiepei.
Hapa, poi oo poT <.6epioooi.
i> (aapei) o BopoByBa'o6 o6y.
.eoo ipapoai,o pe. 6pa ya y
yai iopoo}Iapy ypaii iepaypia o.
pouiHai.3a oo paiCi.
ipai 6op .(epoy6ioa Bpa.<<oooia>
oeapa opaioo,
..o.aa
ae6o<<aIo)
eHoo''a ii

aapioi>,ep 6 <.o.opai,A. oHy'I. Ce6y (aeo), . Ae, . Cape,A. apa,. Cao (o)a iri>,3a
aea
ypai a ay_ <<HaIIIy
op.i,
ay ioav BH> at.

Haioaie
iyaaii
o Boe[I |947 po pei pya XBII
aaioai a, oiia <.Paa paia,>oaa opyBa i ai aoii III:|4po.
y. i epii y6iai y epi pei, y poyayBaa oa}Ioa po Iy iopii, :li]Taopa
ia i a Ha Io Te. Ha oa )I(oTH<.Pa.a paia> pita ioi oi aoi ooea olyolo ae . eea <.a i
iopii!> Aop 6opo oii o. a <.pa.i.
aioaii> May, peoo' .ooa a ooa, opi, Bao aoill,ftli, apai <.apoa| impmpl n:rm'5 6ep
1949, . 2; . o, <Boa
aploHa po paoo tr,tTeBa>l
iou piu, I& 3
(19a9): 40_4|,43' op.: Pcucmemo'16 oo |949, c. 4:
imepmpt2l3mI|24oro 1949, . 1.

Haioltionuue itnii

149

ai.- C. . |,o,. poe.oi

ypaii[ Mo.epy
aeaopaae o.'eaoi oai iopaioo pooBooia flipoepH3 oo,a
Po eooiai:
T opoi H (ov llla I IIpaBo BTya
epe :r:}y),o <pyte aB) 3 ppTo a-

BBo ypaiooapoy>'a xo oi oip.Bi,

o ii i oo 3 Ha pB.,)eH
o pa apo,
T }t t :lBa apo.a,i a }l:tllli Ta, o
i ii oo
i ay.oai. ...I <<apo>'
Ma3y, pyeoo i i
BTya ' <<poa ) >
a}r,ae eaHx i pai?{3

H a.o pa NIeH i ap e}I aioaioo ii' aop 6, ttue 3a ' oopo

ypai}I apioo, o.tl i 6aao, o i. a i

ayBa )ox6aapaapoi iopvoiieparypi

py.
oo aryoyooii o6iiyaB..'eH
<.iolo
pyolo
paa,
ia
aoi
o

aioCoy B3oHpai>,ai.oi.oir
paiiopi
aiii. oo aopoctII,I,
o
i aii He {oxyTBopoiuii ioptl ePaB
oBo.ooiaopi>.Mao
, 6o Bo[IIyT<<3
<.iopipaoo' aa iopi apai eopiHa'a.)e
y)e Bopai .ao
i,,io-aioaai pa.a'
Haaa i.o\ 6 o.}Ii .aitp.aA aafpyrB>.
i ypaioi ay poa.,I}Io
epeyoo.oaoi, iopiopai<.oa
o poyio aoioi,ioi i eaeoipaioi epa'oTpoloBo}IaoB}Ia B e,aeoa6yoyp i.pi3ai .(opai>{{.
flpyoo )oB <.Paapaia> ia poory a eopa ea <.poioaii o
a2Pcpaia,8 o|947,c.2-3. Ha , IIpIIIaoi
i apii a, oBllo,i epa Miipo Paoi6ee.o i o6iro,paopo.rapo6 oii i
oi api pi.
13Il/lAo,
. 1,o. 23, p.4957,ap.3.
aTo.i|c'tr|o,
ap. 4-8.

150

Podiumepmu,
Heieu
pecmounoi 1947 po

. Poo>' a 3a6apooTpaaBay)epii aoii iry 3aioi pai: o 6opoB pa.'oerlil apio, a pr BoIoaB aTeopo aTpai IIo. <.{eepoix .ei>po
pe/Iaopaepaa e, o <.ioi6 .'oToo o6a, o apBylia, e a a o i pyy iia. o P - aioai,o o.ie aioai Ioa'o oi opaa i oi apoo>.A <<}pTo
oo.
i ai oae pai> apaTpyBaBoeTa i oi
ie: <.P poa yty i a 3a BoIo optly ay .TaiaypaTo''>.a 6it,a ix yy'
P ipo io i ypaio a op
poi ivo' o aa pI..
<.o 6aiIra _ He pei p>. Aop Bp.yBa'o ypaictfl aioi apoB,o oi ioi Pyi i ei po arpeopi, i o oa 6opoc a i a.
po, a e <...eHaepia po''>, aB ooip i Moolo, o6 opa oe, a
<<ooyT
B ooi 6eoi>a5.

Pae epio .y)e eooia poaraTa ii opaioaoo aioaiToo pyxy. I

oa apaa ia a y ai o6a, aioaii i a Ixooo poipy dporyp oio cBaJIy Cii paii,opa i oi. Ca<io,o/too pyeoo pay 1947 po' B e}I 6opi o
ie Pil, a ii Boopoo oopy aiio uepi a ar aioaiTHy ia6. i 1948 poy py epap (6) oi eo
opIvraBTpBo)Ieoi.o i pllloo epap !ipoeTpooo ooy apii oia p<a.To ooia, o aitlo aoi, epeo 6ie
i i 3aioi pai a Ci, BBlvI.o.aTo
aTil _ aioaiy iepaypy. Cypdoa pe 3aeBB oi ptliB, o oo ieooii ap <<o po6oy epe.po6ii i ooi o6aT|,>47.
a5T--llo,ap. 2 (prufl c) i 10-2| (py
).
16II'AO, 1,o. 23, p. 4956,ap. 6_7.
.
a7Ttclllo,ctlp.5072,ap. 13.

i nii
H ioimu
a

3 oye px}I

1
pa:}lB Ta lHuI

aioai 6iaui, paei ie aioaii oarai oi.a aioaoi a'i, iopo paioi epao,poioo iepiiy.
Mao Too' o}I(6o, o aBop aioaitl ei
}Io ea 3a poBo oi oiuii iopi
ai, epio pooylo aepa aoit api :UIBapo iopiro ii. Hap,',p_
a o ap[Ioo 6paa - eoo poioo }Iapo,y
y aIIIoi 6popi epoioo pooy oH aiy, o ii aop 6 ppao ai ieo pa_
o peo a Ta <.oreB> oooy
eopetloy )yp:li apii. 3io 3 apootloa}Iy 6poIIIyi aaio, ic i
Bpaoa Ia}tooapo.
oBpI{y
poioo ipiiy. 3po6 oy' Ioi oottoo6iloooipiiy,a pzulaa
a ai iapoi poapipeoii,aa.
[i piyaai CPCP,
BzUIo
ora
ae o y ii. Hapo CPCP 3y <<pai
po.,>'
Io a 6 6y pao6pao6-aioooyia,a apoiy oi BopTi oopo oi
aioaiepxa{8.
poo fipyoi iooi i, i ai aBop, ira o.
poT6a i aa' a i ai, o' 3peo' B3a
ai 6ito, i i.,a i olllpB:l poi apiB a ip tlptli. poypi opiaa.
oBo a aioaa pa.a oia 3 ooiaopopoioi pauii a yaoi Ty.
c|4N1I'
pe}I. Cxoe, Io.a'a }Iaaa e' yBzD}Io'a a aaie po IIIo pyreoo. oai iooii pire apii a.a ypaii yyie>,ae _ aBilIya aBoppi 6iroy <<popaoy
.IaTapI,vlaioi - o}to,i, ooBi, yp,
oBi o' i oi pokl B pai i
i.e>pya ypai ai,
aolo <<popaoo
a8Tltt lllo, ao.24-25,

r52

Poiuempmu.
Heieu
pnounoi| 1947po

3a3aopaI{.A paii oai a ypaioi peouii

1917poy poo)yT>v|I|y
6poi 6opo6ioH49.
1947 poy oFI Baai, oy o
Po i

'il,

nacaT<<.oop

ByL,
a Teepi opay eay epffi o <.Iopilo
pai>50.
B iriii oH, olllpBaiilaeci|947
po,iropo6 i yp6a'eoa pe'evi,
e 1944poy ao aioiiiyc3 eaea. Ii opito 6a eoo oa i
opye, o Boa, , 36apaea epeeo;i oa ai po poi i oooo 1659poy a i oaoro1709poy;3 yo3 pBotIio i pya 1918 poy. B ioy epei ypailr oo,<<oae
e' oo.>'
aa-i.aT
Tpypiv i ypaiooapoy
iroa(topo ptpaay a
pai 1918 po). ii,ai poBoooH a
ieo-xipai 3e,ia oe6ipaii aa oei pyasl.
paii BaaaoepoocTaBc
o
x apa.Hx
aoii a aioioo
opypypo y.e i oioaio i i BBaJwI
i ai ooi i.eoo,i ara
a iitoAaeiiay i i aa,o6 oiuii iop aJIii aioaipi.oip api
oaoaootloiopii ai,o oiuii ieppeaii e 6 oo apioioaoia'i y oo lloy ypaioyii.pi x,6 aioaiIi api,a aiiyai y ii oii.
oi iii, a aaopyaB peyaiaoiaoii apiooaapay ieireii.

Mxao
aii o' o oo ypai xy.o)I
Xo o6pa oHaiapi <.3a
poiapo>(|947,3 x 5,15, Ciapeiltpoo ye 1947 poy), 3aoayai.apoioi
aioaoii,oy e 6yo ex. Poii loii
i eii oiia oiuioy.ypie 3 eP.-

a9T llto,ap.26-28 i 42.

50rLAo, 1,o.23,p.4958'ap.22.
.
5|Tl+t
.lto,cp.5072,ap.46_48i 14.

t Btyee Toapa . B. ala a ptt,t pe B

oayIoa pao Ap 24 a 1945 oa, y oo .:
o Buo omecmeo oe omozo Co (Mo, 1948),
. 196. .airepo io.B. y .: Bndnbeg,National
130- 131 i 23-34.
Boheai.sn'

l.py >
TzIl}I
Ha peioyeei,pacoo
24 pa 1945
iooo oa.,yBa
poy Ci i i oo:
aoo
xoi 6 io3a.,opo'
i epeyipoio}Ipoy
Paoo
o Hapo.y.(ypi pai o,Bry <ypa>.)
' peyia .opo'poiooapo.yoy'o i aaituaai yi

ai, i o o Iuay Paoo Coy.

iia o 3a opo' poioo }rapo.yoI\{'o
i ay y ui ii aa BaH pi a
Poo Coy pe yi apoi aoi pi.
iia o 3a opo' poioo l{apoy e tlle
oy, o i - pi apo,,a oy, o i a i
poyl\,t'ep.apaTp i pi'.

154

Po1in'mu'Hnucmu<0o6pu
cmicu
nipu>

Tp poiB, a po3Biy BotI i pa 1945

poy. Pai eii ia ipa6 poia _ a6illloy' aypiro, aopopioy i aaeitoy
yix apoi2.
oii paii iopaxa aaopai izleooii i. <.Paapaia> iryya a Caii o
.oi.oloaTelo <.Hai aBa o6i, e poi
apo!>. B ayi po ai ai prypo ,BJl|4c
ypaii pei3. Pe6iai aBBa pa i yT Boa B.,aMtloBy aoivy )y
po poii iopi epe _ <.Bepoi
apo> A apaooia. epe oBo e epiu
o6o'oi ea poii ai oi ypaioy yio ypi .aTeie, e oaHoro ipo po6oa ypai iopi. epi iopiopaii y po poi i peBopo apa <.py6
apoi> a <<oyHpyBaIIIl>il .oiao ai.
Io a Ii <<oo.III
paa>. Cii ieoo, iop tt IIcaJIpo oit i ypit oiy Poioi iepii B o}toy ii _ opei
oyoi aaoaioaoi paoi epa, y i oiy poi.
oa i oBepe aaoa .'oo pyi
t947 po ieooia aai poT <.aioaiy> ypaii iopiopaii ya, oo a io e aoBya.
VI 'i oyi.roi apii pai iav apii
aioaiy> ryaiap
i 6opo6i 3 <<poBa
aa. yi a 'ii po aooB:
IJ'epa
oi (6) y oi po6oi piy yary opo6i3 poaypaioo6ypyao2po orp}ltt,opl,t
poioi pro.:Frdrik C. Baghoorn, Sooiet Rtlssian Ntionlin (Nw Yok, 1956), pp. 26_66. o
pe pa olo apIry a I ai ypaioo a i oai 1947 poy. !.: Pceummo,72coa 1947 c.3 (po ay); JlimepmpaZaem,22 i |948,
'
. 1 (p Cai pi).
Pac rcpai,26 pa 1945,. 1. aol
..:Pc pI,
16 ep 1945'. 2 i 4 a PaI
Jucmmo'28
pa}r|947, c.2.
a A. apaoa' Beuu pocicu po (ti, 1949; 2.re ., |952)'

noooinu't'mi

155

o aioiy, aiiti o, aitu

)xpiaiiy iooiop ar ..Bioo, o pa ypi ve, o06o iopi i ipaypoai, ie
o eppye.I{
6ypyao-aioaii
8(6) i (6) p Ta yBopo acvlI
i oN|1.
yo o axoi i iyi iopii pai iopii ypaioiipaypAeii y
PP. 3apa ayoi pai iy iopii pai aoBo paIo a BopeIt4<.opooo
ypy iopii pai>5.

o,oiuii ByBae}It947 poy 6y i

pyo yBaB y ay aaioaiypTopy'o
Hoopiaao,oapey6iaeepirrBo
api po6epitBaoa o yp' aooIIIyIo:
o ieiteiiepaaopo,iotoi
ooPae.
oya ooi a'i
Bo apii.orrayoBiaaoy iopi pai ci poaB lllpIoyoi aaoi oyptloiop 3y Paoy Coi i i. op pyTy idyoooepioy'.epaa
i aaooiop .oi.)e:
iayaa.,e
oi iopii PP 3 a aiB .oHaIi i .oo.o.
oiopi apa,apoiB'apa6ypi
oi.pi Too'paiiop oapaa
a 6aaoooeioiopie a ioaip.la iopii }IoBxioepoeaeiiPP6.
oiuii ollly oi iopoi ioparaPa.ooCoy e proi
tloBy aoi.iaui
a paIe aytlaPoi.
podio-eoi
.epa'
5 XVI Koicmuoi pmii (6iaoui) piu 25_28 cilt.
1949p.:Mmepiltu (i, 1949),. 46. pyo epa}Ioia
Iy ypaioi iepap,zLII
Peaop,eB}Io,poy
oy.
6
.(.:PA, . 17, o. |32, .339 i o. 133,. 4, a aol pueii
xpoiy xypai Bonpotumopuua 1945-1954 pp.

156

Poin,mu.Hnucmu<dopu
cmictt
nipu>

oi iepii o a6iriooy.Be poi Hapoo.aBy poi, paoirpo6iHIa o iopoopaB.Bioio epoi

N,ra
pyoi iopiapaa ipi
ipaTy<<oolll
pai>poiIr.Cioepoey iopirope6ao oiIoepcaT3
oyaooi opo6a 6aooptl'ii apoPoi.
oa i ioi oty}IoBiop.rx}IT3
a iepi peya.1950poy Aai ay CPCP oioaB B(6)' o i i eoi eioi
iopii a ,Ti tiaaaoBaoi <.op CCCP> yy ooi 1954 poy. Hapai o6aaB.aH
oai ay tie.
Ha 1953pi ro.ei
oi <,coplCP> iroo py7.oa aya ia BaHiopi epoi3a <.aioii>
o. aao il poiap eieo6oopei peeaH,
i a a6eeix ieooivy o.Ae ii apii ia,i Moi 6yo oHa,c|4opyBao.a i po6e epoaii poiiopi,To)Iollly i.eooiopa
a oii ie iooia ioopy aToiUIIa
pi. o.a,oira iopvI\,l
6iai'BoH
pyB:L aPll"c rla ByBa

B <<Haioaii>,

aoi 6epea opryBa rapayBo oi.

6aa epoi
.(o iopii aaxi IIoc:Ia
i.eooiaBp.}Iya
aioai iptl. i oiioi p pllloo B.a1943_|944 poi apaoa
a Ii aai or I'IIBeoepepo6 eI,i 1949 poy
ro pye BlIa <op ao CP>. Aop
o't ieppeai aBoBa[I aaay apolo
api, i ayto poBa oi, a o'aa a.
a l{apoi epoo poio eooio lyypo. poe ooi peeaBBD' o aap.
e oa i poo.o}reeap oa. i oi

? PA, 17,o.132,.339,. |47_159;

PA, .5,o.30,.39,
.
, 1 | _ 2| .
.

eeap ao (|802_1847) _ a Cpeoo )l(ya'py eH

y aaai. poo |837_|847 poi ovoloa 6po apoi px, 6it i a oxoy piro

noooin,+l'mi

|57

o pi a airypy <.aioo-3otl>8.
e
<.paa>
o
yirolo,
aI
)aac
Popoaoopaaaxa
1820_1840poi p aa eaxaoa..po
apoioo>oBaHa 3a ieaiai<.peaioo
<.aioa eap.aaapiaepia3ac|4a
i> iopioai, ii ayoiyrei6y ioBa per a pllloo oy iopii aai. C.r
poeooBa,porpe pauiapaep oi y a:}:liiopii BaaBii oytlo .o
Poiig.
poi T' o e e poi aHa oayT|'ec
py i y paiiopuia'i, oa aa
ia aoypoi.pro <.Iopiiipooa-

pii>,a t946 poly3.o6yaCai pi' a ao y

(t947 _ 1950). ooIopii apoi6a,>
ooi <.
o e' o io pio y pytloyoi.i
.oo ooioo
aaiopi oaaa <.6opo6a
a 6epyooHapoypo ioeoHBoBai,
3apxe o6po6HeaeHoipyoipa>t0.
aa,o ypaii ieoo iop yaJoe) 3a ao pa itpy6ia.
ep
ii 1948poy ypaiiiopaBepI
<.o:}By
apipoiooBooTy' opaB
p pal: pa yp>.Bii ' pei
s M. , Pea cmopuloCP c pu
peeo
u.
Bonpo
apaoa,

A.
M.
pe.. o. oapo
aud,2-e,.,
(1949):
130_134.
mopu6
..
epyxa aao(1915_1966)_ aaiop,err-op 20_40-ot
<aaa
o}lAH PP. Aop.oi
I .>(.' 1948).
9 PAC, . 17,o. 133,. 220,.154_159;. . flaIep,
B Tye'apoo opaAa ay a1o!P'
Bonpoctio,opuu, 2 (1952):146-151;illett, The Grt Fiendship,
r48-154.
l0PA, . 17,o. 133,. 303,. |4-|9, t5-t37 (Bipi),81_84
(pyi)i 85-87 (6ea).

158

Po\i n'mu,Hnucmu<o6pu
rniu
nipuu,>

oao pooBaJIpT Ba po3.i)I' o

ix oi o6oop a ioy aiai pey6iaoo Aripo. pyi 1948 poy Iy iopii pai a.pyyBaBpaBee o }Iaao_ a
a <<ae>
ypillloo B)y. py apiH IIIpoopoito, i a eHy 1949 poy aBop oTp:l
oa o peei i oo ayo i oii yTao
pai i pey6i, yi aao oill. ao
Too' B Pi 1948 poy ypaie oi6po ilo eiy pi y ai peap (6) o vlla' aya oo Pa iipi flpa ayioo a oo peii Bpooi Pa aa peyv|,
epy pyoo apiy. Cooo i 1949 poy o
oio i oBo pyoy: <.ioaooo p.aryBa o)I(e6y apyoBaa MaoB }Iaao,oBepe 1949 po>'2.
oa )a o pyy ira. oeo, a'alo,
HeaBo aao <<Bp>
aioai ypaii iopiopaii, pe6iai epi oa eT IIa
oH oo piBoo peyBa. a oI\,loo
py 1949 po peop Iyy iopii pai oap ao oio a apii oepii Aae.
ii ay, o po6oy oi aBepIeo.3a oo oa, iy <<y)I
a oaoi ai po epe.ayoo apiay opairo B.aBaaoB pzDe,>t3.
e pa 3a.e i epe pyo lloia pai
a oy oa.y oi,3llIIII ep[I peape eoia oa. oa eT epea ypaioro i py popya o6oa oBa' o api epi,
o(' e aoi 6pa ioiai a oeio 6eee .a.Haoi y epi pey6iae piBo BTBepoTaoBo apyyBaT Te' io ep.1832,ap.1-3
'' IAo,. 1,o.70,p.7|4,ap.9-10;o.30,
(oioe
o ); AII' o. 1,p.134(iIyyiopiia
1948pi);p. 140(opaa
aia Aripoi).
o.23,p.5664,
ap.
'2TLAO,. 1,o.30,p.985,ap.66(pia);
6_7 (oo).
'3 TTAO,. 1, o. 70,p. 1787,ap.797; eamamomimpu,
2:129.

ooin,mi
no

159

ep <.Iopipaioi PCP>, o6re aao:

1500pipiypaioooa 500poio(e
<<ae>
ao)E(
paaBce,JI
poDy).Ha o a pyo.ia.ao:prpo iopi
eeoie
o |9I7 poy' .py6 pBtIpaoepioy.
<.opoyp>i oy a o6 H)I(i.aooo
yla.

vepi 1950poy eBpodereeBa.ooa o a i epeTap B() iaia Cyoa.

ieoo pitep.aII)Iya
oo pa,II
e o.'eooopeooayoB'ae ITy
iopii PP y; ia pai peueyBaly'oy C[i Iyapa,reai ia (I).
o a.ia
Tao po6oa paii aa.oo ai
3 apMy iopii apii ao6o' ii, o6
po}IyT.oi.te
pai iopi. Tpoo
y 1950poy Boooi Coy:iopi pai i ii
eBoyipi i Poii>.Peyyp io.ao<<y
ipeaB porpoi,
a6
xa
e3e
poioi
oi
yp a paiy i apvy:lB)IBa a}BI<.paia>
ooBtloypai}Io oi15.

o.aepipaB l.Co .Baa.

i, opea oopii a, ypaii iop iirya oi, o i eo6ii paB po6eo.Cyo
opaBpeei I 30 py.u,aBoP epIIIo6aIi2 i,a 11 i oBtI B(6) pi )ao
i A. ii .ooiCyoy, o pa po6eoi ep
o eBoBie i16.Haioipie,ypaiiiop piriropyaooep aya_
ypaiy iopi i poioi _
i6 o <.io>
t,lII'AO,

. 1, o. 30, p. 2030, ap. |72 (o6e>ea). ptI a}t |949 poy 3 o6er ao }Iaii.ulo<Iopi
pai>,a Ba1950 poy - <lopi paioi PP> (HAII'
o . 1, p.215,ap.4-8 ).
t5rr.Ao,
. 1, o. 30, p. 2806,ap. 72 (pirrICyoa);PA'
. 17,o. 132'. 503' . 1_4 (peiI).
'6 II.AO, . 1, o. 30, p. 2360, ap. 8; p. 2806, ap. 72 (5 iv);
P A , . 17,o . | 3 2 ,,5 0 3 ,. 5 (1 1 iv ).

160

Podin,mu.Hnucmu<o6pu
cniu
ni\pu>

o6ec a,riooBa <.paia>a <.ypaii3i>

oo.
I-(oopay epIIIo <.Iopiipaioi PCP> ito,
aperi,o.pyy. oprypa 6ya iaa 8 oo' py
oaB y ii, a y pai py6iae epio pao oo pyo. oBo' poyBIlI po pauilo iopi }raPy o I, (6) opo o
oiilo e,Tio ie iopi, iooi i iepaTyporrai,He o'a Iyo iopii pai.
oii a ii poaaep o i oBa ao pH ayBiDeH,o ix aop ao paya. Ha
oaTo ep 1951 poy o ioyB:lJI e oy epi
e' ae oii fi ai ao.a i o. i pivi 3 ea oiii Haapeo pir,o tl)y
iroy i pyyaT e oat7.
oo, o aapa 8(6) y oi aaya po
opey .aTiooio Tpay iopilo pails,
peiai yioep ayB:r 3 po ol\4.
[ pir poie IpIIIoy oioy oi.
<.pa.,a>oiao oydiyaa poo.(pyoo JIIIIH
y a <.poieooi BpB y iepaypi>, aaBIa aai iooii y Bopoi paioo oea Boo.pa Cop. Ca 6pa paii eey p. ia ii tItI,yooop ypi io a B a.,o)H,
ioai oll,taa6o ieooivi ioi. aai
tlya aoelo B oai i a pHoo ey I{
(6)' pBoo pa <.aioaiy> iepaypi ei19.
Haapeo e oiii poyi, o apii ia
o 1951 poy p i peyialle epio eayT i pai iooi p <.aioai>
ryaiap }Iaya.Baa ai yauii ipy.r
IUIAO, . 1' o. 30, p. 2360, ap. 8 (opryp); p. 2806, ap,72
'7
(lpy yeo); ap. 74_|09 (oii i oa e pa); 73
(oa epi oToa pi), 37_88a (eopaa aia), 85-87
(oo Haapa).
'8 PA, . 17,o. |33, . 31'1,. 47.
19 a po.iapo
aai ait.

Buumueu

16|

iopii 6o6 aoy6o. Toy pie f ai BpaB

TeT ,aBaopoy a}Ipoo.
Ha oaooy ei 1951 poy ep epeap
eo poia a oia yiailo oo iopHoo.oi.e i aarB, o epe PIIIoooy
H BpaoBy eoai Caioi ip B 3i iopoo ooaa.Bi, opio oo Paa po <.aioaiy> iepapi ei u yo I\,l
Tyao. Bia ptpeTap epe]oHa oTpyBir o i a: <.e a[Ioo apoy yl opia
..Iopi
pai'', oo opepaBa - Bop ipv
6y 6y i, i apoo.oaoo..., oa yi..Ioo' o)eoTopT o6p, i ipyv
pi pai''>20.
BaaB MHye
Haa <Lo6pil ai ipy>
oHa:Loyo.iopuy ooi ai pa. ioptl paopai. B epi oori po
pai ioo i.eai oB'H: ya,3 o,Hoo
6oy, aiia pai a ai eopii xoi oB',
itoo 6oy _ Tope Hoo yoo Beoo poioo apo.y.B paii ai B eploy i
tloBoo NlooBoo)I(ypHay<.BopoIop> 1945 poy
la'I|oc1 o ia ByHa a epi a e ioptly po6eay, a .'oBBaI(
aJlac pyopllo. Cep pa.ilypa [IBooo.)eoB'tI2l.
paiui a ax pei i, a i.i i
poi, oi aiioy pui apoai
i.oo'tl e. o ii o' y pBepyo yBay ypai apeooi. Haei 1946
po pyo poB y Caia ooy a pr
ypai apeooi 'i. i i oa:
<.Hayoa aT a 'i y ioP.oBa}Iaay rIHoIvly
20ILAO,
. 1, o. 1, p. 976, ap. 88; m momimpu,2:

r52-r55.

2l Hiaa a' Bonpoctumopuu,N 1 (1945): 5.

11 - &79

t62

Podi"ltn,mu, Hnucamu <o6pucmiu nidp,lu,>

oeoy apo-eioy i .o
po6:pa ep:l}Iapo6ea _ ooe i oB'' .pya _ BBIIa'To apoai yyp {ipoo.flyaoo epivv, i epoToBo ia po iya a i popii epeooi aoi yp B)IeB.o6y eoiy i 6po>22.oa aepeyaa,i epi 1946 poy 'i i6pa oei. i
ci6o , oo a iy olllpey yy, i oB' oi y Cii poi y 'o IlIooy opivi, aoiT Bep.)ao,o o oo.
i. aoxoi-pii. Apxeoo 3ac|4|4
ao)I{ Iopay eopi ioi Py i ipe,
o o'a p)raia ai apoai opei23.
B epe io epi IyT apeooii peyiaoi Aaii ay poBaB ari oi.e
B ao pyi, o6y 1950 poy a oB:ly pelii
A PP i (6),1.
Bari oo aII opy pia pa, oi
3a3a oepei api epIoopoiy <.Iopiipaioi PCP>: 6o aaHo' o B }Ioy <<eoee
oB' 3ayTao>. Aop ioioo poiy' oo.ye ap.
oo aap Cai, Haa' o pa.i ayoi <<floo.>iee opi oB', a oii oipa B:Daa
e B)I(e.oBee2s.A 1952 poy ypaii HoB}I 3ai Caia .oalr,rooIllapeooa, opi epca]IIpoi atloBo. ixoy apii ipeaJloc'
o o'tl 6 opi ae l{paoi i Cxioi po, a pye oB' ulBapea22rT/[ABOB, 2, o. 7,cp.927,ap.124-125.
Mei e ey po
.
, v pyo oo6o aaBooa i Cai oo a,a
ypaii ioo o}raBa3 apao B(6), apey
claioi, i iyBa i y prooepeap.
23Tll co, ap. 12-|25; p. 553, ap. |73_179,
1, o.30, p.2003,ap. 1I2;|'. llloo, peooziu" |o'.
i oirctt
pii (1917-1957): oz u|e|!.poozitt
n"'mo(i, 1957)' |7-24.
* ILAo,
. 1, o. 24,cp.1577,ap.3,6; o.30, p. 1919,ap. 26_28.
op.: o. . o, pe.,Icmopi pioi PCP [<.ae>](i,
1951)'. 1, c. 20.

dae u
Butumu

163

<<e3aepeo
l. ypaii apoai ai: .)I(pea.
,l
i
oB
yypy
oo.,)II{'
po
ii
a
i iix i llie py xi. oB'>.opi .aiypai apeooi i pyTaTa pooo y
oi a epo ooi, aop aaa oBp. yypy ii pei ypaiui a poi y V i VI
opi26.
pea oi piy piy iiai
(.3500-1400 p. o . e.) pooo'y6o aopi, 6o, a6iro oyo. Hai e}I oiii oi6pa polloyBa aooT o a, o pii axi. ei i a ii, i a yoi, a
o)e' a3yT }Ia Tapo.a <.iy yypy ae i i axix o6ae pai>. .o3 peeei, -o poeop.(po oa flipopooi apioi lllo' ipo }Iao:l a oy, o pii
6y pea oB'. oa ai <.Iopii>1953 poy
pai 3a3aHo'o pii a ooo epopiro pai - Haai i fiipa.o apa, y oy aoao ii Toyo.o o'. 3a, a iiy i o6tloo B.'a1951 poy' B oaoi epii Ty aao,
o oB'tli apxooii ai. Cxii poi a il pyoo oi o aoi ep. 6 a 6ya
oa po6 a 6 co, iiy oo.IpaB.'o'
aa pii' ae aBop tI p3 poBy
or 3'3o27.
ioa polliy po iy Py aoBo e
oy po6ey, 6o paii Aaeii ay rr 6yo aopTe}I aiui i oo pio. Tea ya po6eo ioi, apii a - y p poa a.a3ay.apyreoo a e' o i aa i.
P aolo paioi iopii. Cpai o, ae aB}Iopyoo paa' opao 3IIIaBpauio lyy iopii pai.o 1950 poy, ae i 1944 po
26o. . ao, pel,.,Imopi picoi PP (i' 1953)' . 1'
c.29_3.
27TI.AO, 1, o. 24, cp. |577, ap.1 (oii);o. 30, p. 2339,apr<.
.
32 (oa);Icmopi( 1953)'c.20-2| (piui),29 (o').

164

Poin'mu.Ilnucmu<o6pu
cmicrcu
nipgruu>

Buumue
u

165

i a.aBy oooy yiepi i II ae

e a28.IIty aa .opyaBpoi po i
Py oei yToy, vi ayoi iepe oxoBa
IV_VI oi. oa po6ooy ai Iyy a 7949
pi ye e iypy )a roa po iy Py, y ii a 1946_1950 po tIaa}tolooi oopaii ai a Iey. B otloy pai y ioioy poii o <<Iopii> c a oaa opya ropyoi ep)aB <.tioio> poi, ypaii i 6iopi. Bi
ai 'aBT oo poiy opeo 6porypo <.ia Py - oa po 6paix apoi>29.
1950 poy Boop floeo IyTy apeooii oyiyBaB oBaTopy paII <.Bioapaa ii Pyi>. Bi oepe|4Bca iopii ypaioi Haip[I' oa oai i opi i opo
o epeo Aapa oo a.ie pap a ioi 1240_1242 poa' Pee 3 aopTettoo oooo )yp}Iay3ayB .(oe eTya
io Bo aiipo-y:loo A.
pi oooo. Ha oo .y,oo. H a Hoopo. i ipo perio oo6o ai, a.<e<.6opoa...,y poa Baiipi i, eai6ie
a6yaa apaTpy aioaoi o6opo pyoi 3i>30.
3io, ypai apeoo y oi i i.oo oy oi oooo a i 1169 poy, o iioi 3 aoB io, pa6a i a epB oapi, 6a p ei..(y, o oo pe3 oi e poTo io ri e io, a
Bo3Boo. oa aoeItypai iopi
io e oIploB:loa <<Beoo
p.a>poi tI
Api oo6oo. Hai y api epeparoaoy
epIIIoyoi <.Iopiipaioi PCP> oo oi apaep3yBaB <.eoaayo>, a aiac <<opa6ya> a. Boova iy c.apaJll4cya-

e oi il poia ypaiu: <<

ya ya oao io i ' o ae)IG
o oii aIIopyoi apooi>31.
o i airx pii pyreoo aii ioo B:Doo ey po e' o paB)i ao e
ioi Pyi yo ieo-axie ao-Botte
io, a e iio-ie Baiipo-Cya. i i ypaii yioep Baya .al.vay
yi o 6y- ayo paIIpo ay Bo. 1951 poy lleop aBepy a iopa eopa llleuea <.po/tei a iopii pai>, aa11,<.BiaAaeii ay paioi PCP>, o i] a.
ypaioi paoi
op yBDaB , i6 <<oao
opex ieopI ia i oo6o aoBooy>32.poo a: y epe oBo t I}I..
i o.ootlt(opo e io aaa
oi poia ooBoo iopa Baiipa aya.
Pee ia ii <.pry pa.iiopvi ipaypi aoiy i epoy oopailo' pBy oiiopii aioypai 3e pio eoa.,)ItI
oi popodoi>33.
Ha o a ypaii iop ,IIIo i i '
a}I _ o ae p iooB'}Ii apo oa 3 B opyoi <<o>
i poyc B opei i_
i py
:lIaoepiIe,t.Biya i.ooitI B:Di aa oaTi eioi iio oo Iapo.yi poi, ypaii aiui epe.y .oi.e.Cpa a ai iri' pey6iai ayoi pyTI' o poia, paia i 6iopya apooTi oopIc B IV_V
opivv. fli y <.BopoaxTop> poo 1949_1951 poi iep.ae aTya' e' peolo' io poii
iopi iopi oi.e. |952 poy oo iTop iia Hia aa: a Bi.iyi ii aoo i,-

28
[.: Co;ri, pe.'Bui Icmummimopii ptu,376-377.
,9AII, o. 1,p. 166,ap.4 (luo);
cp.2I5'ap. 1 (i); cp.276,
ap. 7 (6poulypa).
0
B. I. floe o, Biconpl uicrcifui (i' 1950) i
'II.:
peueiH. Bopoia Bonpoucmopuu'N 1 (1951):139_140.

3|Icnopi
(1953)'9|_92.
32TAo,
. 1,.24,cp.784,ap.25.
3fl.: B. T. ro, oupuno ucmopuuuo-Boto
Pu (oN t4
a,1950);a peiB. opoa paiBonpotucmopuu,
(1951):
132-135.

166

Poin'mu'Hnumu<opu
miunidpu>

py}Ia'<.Iopi
paioi PCP> pooyeoaopy
epeoyippaIi
poioi ypaoo.e
ioi aporloe3a.
a'a iepi
Tea o pai oo 1654 poy oiyaa yi po paolvloepy
ypaiy iopi.
Tepiooiiyii aooo.)
pai .oay Poii apaeipy ay ao.iloi<iopa i.eooa'
a Tao)l(ariTaoBy ai apaBapo tlye.iao, o o ao
paei iri paii li.eio o-

pyl Ta po <<p a> <.o33' Ha>'o}I

e ayB (a6o e a), o oepe.ooi iopi a oaTl(y '. poi y)Ipooo epiy
<.o33' a>35.
. o 1950 poy i oiui pa.}Ia, i
ayoBx pa oii 1654 poy Tpa.io oayBa
<<p a>pai .o a Poii. Poio pi
Bya <<poee>,
ypaiolo _ <<p a>.
Hayoi y.ii poioi ypaioi iopii all.opo6ooo apiy <.Iopiipaioi PCP> 1951 poy Bep.o.o.
p:l oa <<paH>'
aoi y oyp
pa, -o y 6iopaii eoo . oioa' .pye
p.aoi 1948 poy, 6yo B)IoayTay 3y ott
<<Booe.H>'
<<oe.ee>
a <.i.a}IBo>36.
3,tIAo,
. 1, o.70, p.823, ap. 16;HAII, o. 1, p. |03; Icmopi
(1951)' 101-102;06 oay o po.a
op CP,
Bonpo t ucmopu u'
N 3 ( 1 9 5 1 ) : 5 7 ;H A I I ' o . 1 , p .355, ap. |6a-17
(Hvia).
5 I po tl)y ypioo iopa.iao.yIulaa
paveoo' .: putt u o,eila? Kpumuli zu
npuooieioen4if (Topoo' 1971). {. ao oir a y .: ao pave,Bu6pi mopu (i: Aadmia,

2002).
36,Z[.:
(1951)'163_166;
Inopi
. .I[.peo,C. B. apyr B. . e6e,p..,cmopu CCP,T, 1: C peeu
peJ.|e|r
Do oaXVI
(oa,1948)'. 494-502(npucoduue).
e,2-e,.
[o aapa6
oIIBaBpiooivrryyTay pyoy ai tI)

Il'mmuinepi

167

3'BB )I(ioioa Tepi <<Bo' . Ia}I>

a,oo.Aop io aoya 6iopaii eaa
o a poioiiopiopaiiIx opi,opeoa ooapoaa oo yaHa3 oepBaB}t
a ai apoa. Hepio oa oioa pa)
oo. Pa iop Tppoi ap. aaB
B oa}Io>Poii37, _ To6, o paia <<o.;LIIa
i poioo iopioalr I opiv. o <<o3'e.a>
IIoo.i oo aoo epea.Poii iepi iop poyi epeay yo.y
oBepe .ai poi ooi i ra ypaiui
Ie <.aopoi '> poioo apoy. Toy
6aao opeBoi pax' i ip oioB' Bo.)epai.o ay oooo apBa ooe, rroB pa.e oTT
aBao <<Bo33' . ,aI{H>38.
<<Bo33' . a>
6yo Boo-a-Boo ooBe}Iooei 3 ap ai.
Ha oa 1950 poy pai <.Beoipoi eoeii> aoa epooy By Ta po oo. Bpaoy i.eooiae}I oai Maa' Bo}t opo, o6 (6) aep ,
ypaii ioo }Ia.ia.o Iyy iopii pai
a aiyai aepolo iopii pey6iaoi Boi ap-

iooi payarr:<.i iroo

oioa oaIIJItstr,t
pepayaey oioa eppo6eoy .arriy ai
ao <<oe>':UIe
ioioopo'iyai <<ootlH},I>
i oo po.iye aI oc 6e i> (Perisla 1654' |77).
Hapa.uiaapa6 o: i epoy (1939)' i pyoy (1948)
BaH }I)I(oilloa poi po epeayyoy aBaB
<.Boo>.
..:. oo, ozDaXeuu, aeaeI
(oa, 1939)'. 347;2-e.(1948)'. 379.
37oo, oa Xe uu,2-e l,.,385, 394.
., opa' . A. yr, cmopu ocoeueu
fuu (aeep6yp, 1874)' 2 oa. .'oa o ,oottx poix
paTyBaH epaa . y: Basaa, Pereiaslo 1654; Stephen Velyhnko, Ntionl Htory s ultural Process: Surue of th Intetpretations
of Uhrine's Pst in Polh, Russin, nd Uhrinian Htorial Witing from
the Erliest Timesto 1914 (dmonton, 1992);a Fank Sysyn, Th Chnging Imagof th Htman: on th 350th Annivrsary of th Khmel'nts'kr,i
Upisig, Jahrbilcherfilr Geschichtesteurops46, no. 4 (1998): 5:i l 545

168

Poin,mu.Hnumu<opu
miu
nipuu>

ioIoIaoi oy. oi ai po,op o6peivyaiy iooioiiii, ii oo

<.Bo33' aH>.Iy ia, o <.ai..Bo33' a

aB' o.ol Bar pay 3 <<p a>a0.

Ae opa oo oT aei <.Iopii>1951 po eoiatlo o pvi ayBe Iy iopii CPCP y
oi. I{iao, o ooBi iop I<cIIvIpaJI
}Ia ato <.pa><.pooepy..o.ae''>, a pyaa Ha oTaoBy ioo oepoo Teapy 3a
pi6i eoi ipeo ui. oa ai e ro

'mmuinepi

169

A ao Ha epe.yVII opivy,a e pi apo.i.

_ ypaii poi Bxe io opyacBaapo.>
a 1918
. oo aipooaBip'loCaia <pai>
pi, e o oapaTepyaB
oo
Ha
}Iapo.,
o
paiui
ireo6 poi apa.oaa 6ypa yi. .eo3 ooiopi,.o apia a
i Hioa ao, aoaa oy' o oBop Po
<<o33' . a>
io paoipo,o ooi i
VII opi, oaapaia Bo.oo ioi Pyi. pi oo, o6aapo.oo. oii.aBopyoi apooT. oi o.ii aie
iopii I opiu aaei Hioa [pi. oa
<<p a)>.
oi lao
6iti,o)'cac.,o
apaHo3aaB' ox(aoBoppo <Bo3' . a>
paii HioHa i iai,o o6.ipai oc6aHaiepii apa Boo.Hioa o ipaIaoa'a aBopeaieu iopii V_
VI oiaaei piaia,IB'o <<paoB ac <<
epal\{oTtlo >42.
,a>>

pai poi }Iapoo>.pa oo iopi oaa B oy, o ae e oT i

la 3ai <.p a>.B ooy pai ii
paii oer
oB'3ae i ato <.pa>al.
i 1952 poy ypaia opoa ipao o Iaa oa, aopa poiy po Boy iy. Ha
ioy aiai Ii iopii PP i a
apyilreHT po <.o33' aH>. epa' o
<.o33'lao)yT aTH o}Ioo oo ."o.o apo(Iry),138(oo).
::Ao' . 1,o.30,p.2034,ap.130
{0
. vy, Havo-ge.oaa
pa6oi n.'"iy'"
paIAay paoCCPa 1950o,Binpocutno"i'op'^
puu,!& 2 (1951):157.
a|pad,201951,. 3_4.
io3 oepo<oae>po}ryo
poii7. i }liloapi
ooBiopii arIepve
piaup"'i>.oa
oo ,ayaB, <IiopiiPCP iaI{a...>,
ov aoii(I]l[Ao, . 1,o.30,p.3597,ap.19).

Hapaa iopi oi aia ePeooTx'

To Bya3a <<p a}I>,
oa Haapeo i ia oii () pa yay a op
3
<.Bo33'.a>.
pya ypai iopi e Iloo.a
api pit.Apxii aepii o6io iaTpo po'aoiii. aBoMooxo 1952
poy a i6paiaopi<.Iopii>
a ei oiii Haapeo
oooB:<.ooi oo6yepyvIc
o B()
3 aTBp)e
i o po e' o Bo oo.y
a opa_ "Bo' Ha ypaiooapoy3
poi apoo epio epeaoipa''>.3a oa HaapHa'peiiieooe ipoi
ypai iopi.oa oo ByB pa i iBaB aPrye poT <.Bo33'raHH ))r Bope aoolll ,

pooep,
o ia u iopi oaai ai <.pa.>
a pa Toy.oo aa'o ii paii
42Il/lAo,
. 1, o. 30,p.3597,ap.22_24(oilo)' 28 (ya)'30
(Iao),33 (ao),38 (pioioryl'y i.yoo
33 (plti).
pyia)'

|70

Podin,mu.Hnumu<o6pu
cmicu
nipuu>

iop, -o eip o i eip o, ao oBIuIc

a <<p Ha>'aoi peop Iyy iopii oeaP aeo ipaB otl <.o' n,n""o
pe <.iopyopiei> poi i ypaiuia3.
flyi oy poopia a ypii oiii aTopa 22 coaa. oo py e :UIBB,
o oo <.o33'l.a>
a .pye 3Hae _ olo3 o 6pai apoi. o y}Iy: <...CoBH''laoBa oa '
o o'aT o)I(ai ' o 6yo poie>. Hatlo pB Haapeo: <.ya i o'.a
Bo apoi. O6ruo eu.--oo ipaB eH oiii oeap
o: <.I ai ..pa'' i>aa.Hapiui oaa
i
pi 1952 poy oii ai ypiaa 3 aBopa.
Ha
u ipax iop Boo TaJIIpyo'a6.a a a6ao i <<
p ag> a <.
Bo33'ea>a5.
oa }IaHya e oy otlyay i: iop HapaBa 3 Pa aooi iopii,
a eopilo
<<euloo
a> 6yo aoao. Baio paiaii i
a i i i poi ip oi oT
<<MeIIIoo
a> .y)eaapio. 1951 poy <.BopoIop> a.pyBa.o pauii ii Hioi
3 pooir i a6o pippeya
opyy
Tay' o oyrT ae apoi ooioi oi,
ai pa o Poii aao. ova iop e6itoo ipa Hi, oiie aH )yp:l <.otB> epy opiy <.Bopoa Topkl> 3a yiai
yii 3 a <.oie yi tl, aBHo po3'3a
apTo-iolo ayo>. poe ea6apo ep
epap oapii Aep6aay i api eiii
aloIaIrooTa ip xaap aripo y i a I
'ii apii oi 1952 poy n no.o,u 3
aa. aripoB ) yara-yiaii y <.Bopoaop>
o.
Ir,lolo'ae oi, o6 ypa io aeapya <<pop.
i, aoopi pHaH epoiii ipoi
{3IlAo' 1,o.30,p.
1922,ap,1
(Haap
.
o),2_(oo),8(ao).
aaT c,l,lo,
cp.t924,ap.2 ( v), 4 (peia3 aopii,Haape.
, o).
a5Tll cltlo,cp'|925;
HAII, o. 1,p.353 i 354.

,mmuinepi

|7|

a> a i
o Poii>a6.i I 'iy opi <<eIoo
pa'
i

yiT.
ayoB
podooy apii <.Iopiipaioi PCP> 1951 poy,
i aeao, yaB BHoo ipooi oiii 1937
pai lo Poii 6yo
poy i oIoBao'oy p.,}IaH
<<MeI'lI
o>. A o oo, ao poyi, v
apl'll yi oi, .o ypai ptli apooBaB ByT e o. 3opea, iop
.(ipoeTpooo yiepeTy ao aJIfla epei
otl <eIooa>:o oi, o aop ipeiopy oBy po ii oii> i pooy <<Bey
. Cpai,
p a |t>a1
Bo33' a > ai <<
a epitl <.
a> a.,aa'ao.
B oaotli epii eopi <<eIoo
i }Iaoolxeoopi ai.oo oy pai.
:
o33' a>>
Bia e Bpa.'oByaoy oi <.
<.Cii oo.,eo6o apoi 3 .peBopyoi a.
pooi i popa 6i :IIIIiop III.
i ix poy yo oie, 6o0 apo pae o o'.ai ee, i a.airxai aBa py,>{8.
ipeai }I(eT iUI pox e.
o il aBTopa a ii i.eooi epia.
i apia oai aH' opi aaTaJIvI.
Hy ooBy a.} paii, oTaa' a pi,
<Paa>.Ca.,apaopya otlBaa' o o
iepe ypaioo apoy' aPoo ea pa.)I(yBa
.a[I oi, Typi, eii e i ioi
epai, e o.oo 3 }IeByayBa y po6i opT ffiil.}Iyypaiy ep)I(ay.(Taa oia N,toa
6vl ypaioo apoy <eIIIxo>, i Poia iepi.) Ta po6e aoBB ea.(e' Iaoa6,.:. Hea, opoy o
opye <r{tll3JIo>(o

ucmopuu,N4 ( 1951): 44-48 i ioiiy 9:97 plau),Bonpoct

oo ypa<Bopoll.lcopltlvt>,
Mao,
1:
.
118i N9 1 83-87;
} 13 (1952):62;pa,7o6p|952,c.5 (aipo);Tilltt,
IllItl'
TheGretFindship'161-67.
a7!,'.Icmopi
(1951)'164_65i rl/(Ao, . 1,o.30,p.2339'ap.34_
35.
a8Inopi(1953)'
258.

172

Poin'mu.Hanumu<,o6pu
cmicu
nipuu>

B (oopiIII),ypllya 1669-1672 poa. <.Iopi'> 1951 poy caJIa'o Bi aip poipa olo3'
yaB[I yoy e ioeo.p)aBolo'a eae)paBe ypai 3e a ai. i ipa ealto
epo flopoeo. oa oiii ae o 3.ao epy'y epii <.Iopii>1953 poy i )repo Moopiroo 3a9.I'eoo iop a pio ITaJII4
poi po ai a' a oiii paveo i Pye yBaT poeopa Baa
flea B arii. opit oo e i ay
paie pa a y,Bo ir BoBy' o poi
,eaBeo ipolo rpyTy a .oBo y.i
<.aioaiai ara>oapa oo6a. pi ao3 oi i ai, flvo i6o <<poyoo6c oei opeoi ypaioi epaoii n. i.TqIBaJI
3'ya a.aiya ya}I arii,a !,Ho.o.aBop ap6 o 6e oo oopoloo opTpea <<pa.a>
eaa a50.
odoope pIlIPoii epIIIoooy He o iotl ippai i po6e i, o He
ir o po-eoiioo 6paa (ts45 _ |847 ), i
oo i ieooi Pooi BvlBovli aioic,
ypaii oii. Bepi 195 1 poy 6aaa,o Ty}Ia oo.i yo Leea opaiyaa oBapTBo,
i oa ooapo, yit a .eTo 5raiuoiya <.iepai>o, oi pyBa py <<B3a pBaopoloii o. eea i 6 o oo i>. oapo Baao ayBa piao i <.i.iaoa po Bop ypaioi aB y a.iepaoi pey6it oB' apoi>.
[i popei o ai. <<poTa
aioaoB3Bopa> paii epei X[ opivsl.
Pee aBBiD' o aa ippeai ype apii ooi 1946 poy po )yptl:l <.Bi19IAo, 1,o.30,p.1924,ap,185_90;
Imopi(1951),
.
|9|;Imopi (1953)'287.
50IAo,
. 1,o.30,p.1920,ap.1_4;Icmopi(1951),209_1|:Imopi (|95)'308_310.
51Icmopi(1951)'314_315.

.,mmui'unepi

173

ToBapBo peouia>'a aepiaape.aB

yBop',,e
6yo aoBypeoe.eopae
e i paipeBoiopai dyplavli6epaa.ppIoii iii, oii y ii 1952
popo oi
poy iraBoy,o B ei <<II
opoy
oiy
i
6paa
6i po-eoiioo
poyi,
paii tIoBtIo6pe
o 6ea
o,>52.
6ee.Boo a i.aii i oo pirepopTaB
, B i t952 po' )yp}Ia<.orB>
<.Boporop> 3a Hy ieooi oo' epe.
irypyaaaT ypaioo iopa eoia oBaJIea:<.Pi3aepBvlJIapa. oaLea3o6paea oo ai po iopi o.,
po-oiieToBapTBo'
o BtIoa paii 40-x poaxI opi' peoio-eopay
epio yoopaiai,a T. . ea pe.a
aoi i 6o piTyay 6opoi
o ToapTBa>.
ipeoii i6epapo opaiaiis3.
B <.Iopii>1953 poy pooiao'o 6paooeo iri
p i6epaJ|'
ox iite.o
paa.Teep oiia ii ipIoBaa'
o lIBi p3eypea oy' 3apoBa.
oo.yac
op'y i oypaiui -i apooiy. pi oo,
i.o i }Iooepilo,i6epa6 e pya.
aioaia,i :apaiy eraiapoai
BiodparapaeBt6e aoooaaoiy.<.
aoi paioi 6ypyaii,a oa6opo6ya i
aio po>,i6epa ByBaie ypaioi
apiao' a iiy i oep.'oo
.p)ao'
i
oo
oapri
eo
y,6it 6aporpeB}Io.
a.}(ya
porouii.eopa
i aioaiio6'ea
eii,Byaloaoi3a <<pe6ia
o'apoi>5a.
5,rLAo,
. 1,o.30,p. 1925,ap. 127-|28; IIp.2339,ap. 1 18;o. 70,
p. 1173,ap. 14 (iry);o. 30, p. 1902,ap.4 (oii).
53 Mao, O yp <.BopoIop>, 63_64; a, po
y 'e:. oao, ope B3Ipoorrepaeopaa. . IlIo,Bonpoctucmopuu' 7 (1951): 26-44.
5aInopi(1953)' 429_430.

|74

Poin,mu,Hnucamu<do6pu
miunipuu>

Pa Ty apeIoB:LaBi iii o aioaHi iopii: i peoloix opai o Paoi

pai i i 6ypya3 i6epi .o ya aioaii. Ioi a' o oo aopy apayBa oo oo ia' 86o ey.yi, y Ba.y Mao
,IlpaoaoBss,ae 3a3Ba iop oyoBy:r 3a:lJI api aiat\l, poe)ya pa i aioai}Ix ieooi IIoepe.Hi.oii
oia i, o6 6py:li}tlaioa;lii i poaioo pyy i XI opi 6yo ayeo piire a6o o6
<.poIoiieopa> I pao, e paia iri
6y odparei ii eai ooe56.oai vop
poi tI) e zl pTpi ayBar po
pi <.oiiTaT3..opooo ypy [iopii 8(6). _
. . |" e oa>57.
1952 po e pllloo oy poo.oaH oo oa.oopeeyBa' e aio 3o pi6 opaBo' e pooi pT 6il po3rao58.op e' oii [ aa o o <<e.oaHo>
oe po6e i poopac po o pay ooope' pti y ii 1953 poy apa epo <<MaT>.ay piri aaii ey. ooo peoe.ailo oiii o oa opeBoIoui ypai
iopi <.opaiy,a,oyi eytly aI 3aoo ioptloo po Poii>sg.
Bpri-per,pey6iai ieoo ia y6iailo <.Iopiipaioi PP> .o pIlI oa i6epiaii i ep Caia. epr o opao aBp|
o pyly 23 py 1953 poy, i i ' ap
aei 1954 po60,pa i, a 6ypoo ya
55II'AO, 1,o.30,p.1926,ap.94-97.
.
56T ltlo,p. 1902,ap.5.
57Tu.llo,orl.24,cp.27|4,
ap.10_14,y 10.
58T.aluo,o.30,p.1916-19|9'|92|,2806,2811;HAII, o. 1,p.
363(va1i2).
59IAo,
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160.
60o.. o,pe.,InopircpioiPP(i,
1953),.1..'aaiyo pI(a . 783.prueypaiataoaa70 000.

npoi
Ponoimu

|75

poopi oy pai Poi. apaoaHN{6 <.o6pai ipy> iopii pai 3a )I Caia a i e to.

Pooipo ai
_ oyae
800.
pro <<ITopii>

opioe oi.opBoiooypaioo .
ae Bo
}Iyoo_ oaBpao:<.pai}Iapo.,
daaoioypoiyiopi,epopBo'3a iopir
Boopoiooapoya irxapo.iaroiaia> p.,i
tl>.oa pooi <<Po.yBtI
yBary'ooBoii ooiia iopi p)I(aBoe)Iy
Aop eyBili Py, i i aiopeH.
apoi,
y a.ypo pai i.oo'H
i aoryiryep)ayB pHoii po<.a6ity
ei o'i
i>.epeaayo.ao33' . a<<,a
iopix, aBTop
iep
apo>. i 6aaoit
ypaiui
e Bpao Poii,
ipe,o,p . aBI
oi aioaoiio,aa, a <p.
poBoiypaioiapooii epeBopH .'aIol,{y
fi ai>6l.
lti iei y6iaii 1953 po TBp)y:lJI'Io
ypaiui cTaJIv|o.poai i olvty,o ii p.
o p :r o Poioi ipii. Cario, poypa
Iaa oa <.300poi o33'r.apai Poi>, a
a ia aao 300 v pipi ypaiolo oo i 230 poio' poaBa epi ai ai. poio-ypaioi py6, ypaiy epxai (y opi paioi PCP) a o33'a
i ypaiI 3e oi eprai62.oe, iopi i.

6|Icmopi(1953)'5'84'258-259,
62I. . oo, 300 poi o,lt
piu Poie(i' 1953)'
pautc Poue-(oc' 3; . fl. oo, 300-emueoccoeueu
plt.,Bioidparc.
aeo,
o.
ao:
a, 1954),. 1. .,.
apoi(i, 1954);B. A. .ZI'o,
6 picozoi pociozo
pp.
i1648_1654
o. . aoi . . lo,p.,Buoa
piu Pocie(i, 195a);. . Mlro,epai o,ea
12 (1953):19-28;B. A. ooa,Ipa1654oa,Bonpoctucmopuu,Ng

176

Poin,mu.Hnumu<o6pu
cmiu
nip,tu>

pii aIIIaJlacyo aioa iop HapaTBi

B.
oa iopaTparopipai peaii Poiy iepi, y iopoopoey pai a[IaBpoBo ypaioi aii. Pey6ia .aoiypa <.Pa.a
]oa>oBaBei, TyaT
To ipy:
iprlyiopiiPP 8 ayapeaui
po.

. . apaooi oa ia ypioo lrapoy,

o poo:lai 1648 poy i epiBo Baoo epaoo ia i ooo, poyIloo i ao,Hoooi a oaa oo' po.a
i po <aoo o6e i ooi Ba>.
Hapai 6opo6a paio HBa _ oooi
3Booo pyy _ 6ya poBaa e I po oaoo iy y i oo poa i opa, a
a aioaHy tlaei. oBHe ip' Io oi ooi i a o6aa cp|4a poa aoex BIr,to
ypaioo I{apoyo
o'a poi apo.o63.

epro <<Iopii>
opa aao lopi Biry.
Hayoi i poao-oiiypa,a ao <<paBa>' }Iapyyay) o3i peeii. Ha VIII 'ii
oapii pai 6pei 1954 poy Haapo 3 p6yH oa I)y oie}I' op oii '

o -

yeypaii <.epoptlo
3'3a iopi6paoopoioo apoy>.Oa eprioa oioi i6paiaii i MpCaia a}Iyypai iee.
yai,i a:a<.Iopilo>
iyoopio3 a.
6yu,Po oo6oe;ul
oayptlooapoa1648_
1654oo,Bonpoctucmopuu'
Nb 1 (1954):80_95.
o'
pai Poi,Pa.
: o. o. Io,IopveaHH
uaoJlN
9 (1953):22-23.
A. A. 3, B. oao A. A. Hoo,
.
eIpy o
op pao P, Bonpocumopuu,N9 6 (1954):|28_|32;
. ia,A. yu,B. oe,B. ooi o. or,apoaB.
.yeypaiooapo,oicmpiu,N3 ( 1954):70-80;
p,18i 1954,pepyoBao
Papi,2ie
|954,c.2-3 (peui1);
XVIII Koicmuuoi
napmiipiu23_26
6epe1954p.:Mmpiu-(i,1954),. 157(Haapeo).

Ponoionu npo tti

177

Haioaoi al{'i i. a i. o i , ai epo Bparr oaH.p-op.tlooe

po3pyBaB
B
pei. ai po IIapTH)y
IIIopa65,
y
a py, o6ioai eBepoy i oooo iepaTpoo )Iypay <.o6p> 3a 1954 pi, i oopB ypaiH iopa 3a Heoa yaBe o3a<.Ta, rrapiB <<apiotloo'Boe6oo aaa>>:
..Iopii pai'' (. AH PP, i, 1953
a.'B ii
pi) poeo, a alrl o, eiHy po6y aa iopi 6e iopii, o6o oaa poBo apoy 6e apailoi opi oo paoo )T' i yo ietlo Topi apo. a i epeyi Tpy.oootIBa,
poo i apio B apT3ao-o3ai ii. }I)a _ paB pa' He Bap aiya, oBHo.pepaoBotloi opoT' o }Ie ar ooBHoo 3epa iopoo oi.)e_ aTpioT3y,uu.Ha
oy Bepopa e 3B. ii i oa <.pa i Bay}> piy PHy aTTIopo <<Iopi>,
oo poioo iopii paia aopi y <<apa}Ii
oo apoy>. H..o,o pa.Hai i ai pa6 Bop apx ypai aioaix iopi: <0o6o ei e pa:}oo.oy i u pa.tI i a paii, i oi, i aiac icopi 6paepoi ipHoi i yo yBa 300-pi' o o alo preoo' yira a6o
paoy pai ooapoBa' ae He a aoi iopoi iepayp>67.
o opaiya iopi. aep apiooy ypaio oi. Bepropy 3apo o o, e pai iiy ay 8(6)
..oi po Bptuopa( 1905- 1963) paa paii aopo{
i pexpo. Boao aya oo y e apa aHapiui ii, i eoiao aB oyp ol\,tapo.
i opaB BaH epa-aopa epo Paoo Coy.
o ii Bepuropaoa a i ai opaB Caiy pi
3 ooi>( 1946).
3a poa <.,
tr . Bprop,pa o opy)Io(o apoIxopax opo
op6 pyoo ypHoo apoo),rcm6p, 4 (195a): 118.
67PAH,
. 5, o. 17, . 470,. |7 |-|84' oaiypB a |72 i 177.
12. 79

178

Poi
n,mu.
Hnumu
<o6pu
miu
nipu>

Oi Pye i Api oa (oaorui ypaii ayoi) poyB

oo o.B pyoloio
poi
iopi
(Miaia ioipoa,
Tpo
Hioa fipyia,A Hooooi Aaoi Ciopoa) Ta po pai aiui iopii oatl
(Iaa oa, Baa..ea
o yoo).ao
oo' peiia <.Iopi>
<.pa.e>
i <.Bopoa
op>
yao ayapo <.6eioiay
BaIy>
Bpropffi.

ya poopiv oao oaoly pa6iiai Iaa p'a _ oHooo ypaioo.opaoo aBopea iopii . 1953 poy ollli <<aioai>
| <.a>oydiya ai ai pai,
<.3'3aioi pai Poi o epe,VIi.>
a <.oae _ o6op o33' a pai.
Poi>. Too aoo poy p'Ba pHa .

i oeyai pa, Ba}IoBei aiooo

apay. Pe I laaJwlp ', o oI{aeH
oai <<epoi,
popeoi cvI|4>>
B paoop.
i paii _ iaiai. Aop e ipeB' o e oi o' . .Ha paiy Poi ep i
i 1648 poy. a 6ie, i py, i6 oaa i
c 6o epo oi aoy)I'a peeI3e3zlJILo e oo cTaTvIci poio 'ollooo.
Hapi, p'e e ai eaoi p aioai iopx oei i e poyB tlae)Ho ey po iy iopvy opiei ypaii i
ooi70.

npoi
Posnoicmu

|79

Heiee a iop}Iooi.i ie.

pie ai }I)I(yao
poBiiopi, a oyaioo ipa>3 ypaioi iBa <.o6poo
opii aeie ei oao a i eepitoi aii p6i.Ha 1950 pi Iy iopii pai Aaeii ay - poiayaoa'a oiyaa
poro' _ pi o 8 iii i oa oi ra paii7l. ooipo iope papooyBili
oioii it Bex poei iopii
i io.t949
pai, ae apii oaB).
poy Ai ay Bpyao () o oi ioTyBa25-o i6pa l(p <.Iopipai o|<paioa
yezli apia>.Cpaa ay{&lac
po6oa
Iy apooii,[yy iopii pa.
ia
i, io poix yiepeia Apioo ypai. Hayoui ayaioaepi i oi poo 1949_1950poi i oya o rioi opo .o
}Ia3apoeB.a}I
1953.o.oa Aai ay o.aa
a
o72.
poo
oa
paBy
Bep.)I(,

oo 6y ipv iB ypaitIoB}Ii
a e oeapor: iaoi 06,
6aa 6pa a ee ieooi a.3a e o}Iei 3a Toope6aoe}ITpya
porot{,
pei <.lopii>.
ioaB
poaiTa ao Ba.a
ii
aBapai iopxypa. Bi 1943poy Iry iopii pai pyyaBeepioi<.Hayoia>'o ix o 1950poy roi p By.1948poy
[ oi.o.o ()' o oo pyya
' a6o i yi a pi, oo i ao<.a.aopoii , oao y opei ieooio pai a .: I. . p'' oza
aJI}I.
[vl.: . I,epe.oa,
Xllurcu,2-e I,.(i, 1990)' . 8.
7l Ca oao, PumuunoptlCKorcu,62-63; IIAO,
. 1,o. 70, p. 1788,ap. 22. pyypi iyry 'llc ii iooi iopii, iapo'ia <paiaoiopaii> - i opaioai 1949y. 3ala a polllp,l iy oire,
ypaie epioy 6epi 1953ry opJlo po iy oo
aa ly iopii (IABOB' . 2, o.8, p. 7730,ap. 2).
7,II/(Ao,
. 1,o.70,p. 1788'ap.38-48.
12'

180

Poin'mu,Hnucmu
<do6pucmiunipu>

iopii pai>. apii tlo opay iy

poo3i.
fl. a,ooBaeopyB.aH
i.iy
n..-, (6), aapeoi:<.Bapi. Poeylo
ilipa ayoBao6irpotlyay>73.
Iy otlo oi poa apii 1050 poy,
ae apii ioooBy pir,o <<.
Bope
)ypayHea o i,a>i apooyB:liopa
oaaai B ooBi<.BopoIcToppII4>.
oa
}Ie.o3o
pai iopa B.aaa ypHa a:I(o t957 poy, .ooi aBpIIIe
<Iopii>i
oayaiiai7a.
oa iop opir poopi ier, o ooiayaI,JIi6pa Beooop.
yy iop .oyei_ pToa <.
Boo.ee
pal Poe>.op Pare
yy a:ly' oyeaBaoooyHat620 poy i oaao 6epue.e
ioaoi o6..oa ooH oylvtiy 6ipui (446 i 747) a epru7s.
B
oi i.oyBaHH
paii iop aa
i
pyoHooiiy i6io i. ia Moi oBpy.
pey6iy6 000 o6epia3 oeiiiopa
o Mapea(1804_1s60),a iaypaiioI(ye}I
vII_xVIII oi.HaapeoipapoatI' zUIei6ioa i. eia' apJrBlII
ipo
B(6)' oo.a
epeai ipoi76.
7T oo, cp.|494,ap.
11. oa'o}ro'
oo6o
oo<paia>
ai.
71[IAo,
. 1, o.30,p.2003,ap. |28_|| (1950);. B. oa,
aaypaioiiopvoi'ay, paicuimopuuu
rcp
a,I&a (997): 12-|.

?6PAH,
. 5, o. t7, , 427, |73_74;HAII, o. 1,p.352,ap.1,
10-41.

Ponoinunpoi

181

oi apii, aa' poB iiuiy y

aoBeiayo oi ypai oera.
oi 1953poy oa.ia i oa.2 500 ipoioBa opio iopv .oyeioaoi o6, 6ao3 oi a.pyoBai po.
y. pi oo, 18 i 1954 poy (y pooy piu epeaBa)oaopoaoapyBaapaii
TpopriHiBiopuxoyei. pai eera
i oooy epaaeiiI\4.oy}ri
ypaioi iopii, opapa,opriaiyiepai oo Ta ea77.
3a o popBy 3 oa oya' a.a
He Ha.oaooyB:la i po iopii pai. Oueay ooy <.IHo' ypaii i.oo Bl,
opi paioi PCP> ooe i .e ieooio pMa ePeo' y oy i, oP poi ai
alo ao paBy ieppeai ypaioo tIyoo.
oa <.o6pai ipy> H popaoa Ha Bopa}I loa. Ipii pai i:lo opeoo pe.'a'ova ipI iopii PP
ia ooBi o ypaioo tloo' o ia P, oai i i o. peo,
o pey6ia, aioai iopii II pe}Iya
a poiy aH, oBa .oBoaBaa BaHapa, 1950
y iopilo B llloax op pe.eo.
poy ipi oIt,t-'
i
'- .a I14 to.,tIBBa olo aioay iopi a ipy.ro 1942
poy78.
paii i iopii pooia po ye pey6i, a opoo i i oi, o ypaii e a B aaoy ypi iopii PP. paie BaB}Io
7?PAH,
23rm.'
3 py
. 5, o. |7, . 470,. |25_28;imepmpl
1953,.4 (2500opio);HAII, o. 1,p.478a,ap.13_20(ive);
IU{Ao,. 1,o.30,p.3629,ap.1_13(pa).
78PA,
. 17,o. 132,.372,.4. py}ti1952po PC aioippeapurio6a'o ipei.pr
poiooipla i<lpii
tliioi aapoo
PP (T cllo,. 59-60).

r82

Podin,m|ti.Hnumu<o6pu
micu
nipu>

<.Pa.aIoa>pa.aoypaiI(o aaooi
aapi ipyu i pyyao i ao aaa79.
i ipy io6pzl. oilo pa.oi ouii ypaioi iopii y oBopoy i ao epeoy
i. apapa ipla eaoa 1948 poy BaI| \IIeTpoo ay a3BaB <.oPapal o.
BaIeBo polle Po>. ai
1955 poy o cafl apapa aBaB <.op6apaI
a o oo6o.eeo a o ao' 3a BooHee Poe >.o6a .a e o-piHolvryoHIoa e o3. ipry 1948 poy aao: <<BoeH
lo o oa. o p;}oppa. o6I I
3 PyHoo oo)e, e t654 oy ooopl4c ooB ape ee o p}I pal
pyoe oao>. apii 1955 poy Bao otloo Pe: <.Blpalpee ypa}Ioo apoa oIoy 6pa py apoo' ell o6pac
pyoy paBy eo)I(e o6 o6ee
pal Po>80.
iiepo oi po.yBaoBe iopii,
i ypaii , Bo topi a eypii o ie a,l'oiopii a6o a aB ' Iaa oep <.poap> a oapa opia <o.ae>. iiepBo ao aao i yvi iofl a a Bp aiai ypa.
i ypya aioaii8l.Baro aa' ai.
epeoTa i ye i oya
i aao. Aiipa}l ari opoBa oB,eHeri aBaH o 6payao, i aaoia,
79.(.:
Il/[Ao,. 1,o.30,p.2360,
ap.t29,|33-|34(ia1951p.).
pi oo,ipoiilo paii opoBya
ipy,apyoaipoiooBo Moi.

8' TTAO, 1,o. 70,p. 1886,ap.38_40,|36 Pnrc

.
ocima'|4
6epe|947,c.|.

Ponoimunpoai

r83

o yei io opyBil ooB i.pyvi

Ta H ope6a eoi oi. i aaooi aaii 1947 poy ypaii ioo epea o) oii a6o aioai yal,t IIa IiHoy piBHi. Piii i.eooiiepip Ba'aio.
pii aiyr,aJIIco3TBHo,ieop e pil |<oi oo6Boi yBa ypai a i ayai o.
aa oyBa ayTaHoioooi iapo.
oi yaii82.
Tao ei aTeyBaaia oiuia ii a iopii. o 1954 poy P a oiii <.TPo 300-pi o33'.a>'BTe oa
ipoopaoi o6a pa.i' o Bo apei p
<.ii IpBoy.rripoo ,ooaaH Bo' '}Ia
pai Poii>. A epeap epieuoo o6oy oBapI
eeo iy i ore'a oye <<oa
pa pi paya}I oo aH pe aai
oi I'o>83.
Mo6iiyaIII ap oa oiei apii, ypaii i..ooo BaIyapeipy Baa iopii poii yiepax i eaoix iya,
aJIeBBepoi po6 (i ioia 3a ) 6o
ixi iepea. i aai |947 i 1951 poi iop il ai BaJI.Hapiui 1951 poy I{ (6)
Bo iop.l ap y piepip po6oy 'Tec|4
yiepeTa
a iya i ypai

o aioai oo. Ta oa ia iopi 3 iapM o 6yo ieooio poBaHo, epI peap oB a'IBB, o 6iri aep opiT Ha o.aoy opo6y. Baai ae6o <.pBa 6pyao-aioaii opii opxoo i 6
oi ooT>' ao oa.,aa api ip
ippeaii, a io pooiaT po ypaie y
<e'3y iopie poioo apo.,y>8a.
82fl.:IIAO' . 1,o.73,p.585,ap.1_57;p.
592,ap.2_8;o.30'
1_130.
cp.2328,ap.
E3TU(Ao, 1,o.46,p.6822,
ap.53'104.
.
aTa cao,o.24,cp.2677, ap.3-5.

184

Poi
n'mu.
Hnucmu
<opu
cmircu
nidpurc>
.I[oep Caia i i I{ie c6ioypai oi i iopi _ a 6aaoyTl{
"o"'P o i

oc T | 4 t 4

opaioaHy
IIaHy

epi195t po Pa.apaia iaaa,e'oipoo 3 tlMepT

Tapaa Ieea. Heiei poo,
aia, aei ai paioepeavi
poaBypaioooa 6aa
aii: pe.oii oaea pao
<.poloiopa-.eopaa> i <<3tCHoBH?

ooi paioi iepayp> aeo

pai <.aao>.o

y ooo To epul Tpo opio <.ipaypoi

a:te>'opaa Ci eHi pai. aooo
<.Bio>lfl>a epri opiui _ paa, aBHo )e apeepoBaa Hoo . aHoBa pa.oi epxa
Baiipa ial.
ai <.iepaypi aei'>Ca pai
ooo e a <.
op.'iypaioi oiaioi
aii> i oa apii 3a e' o aa ypaiui ia
oy <<paHoi
aioaoi opoi>. Ha a'oy
.ropi i o Api Maro aepr o poo
Tpol}{aBya: <.Caaioy ilo Tapaa TTIeea,
i B aI a lB'oy'i, ope p:u}o a 3a
lo.Iea' a p! Caa Haoy daopooy Hapo.oi, o apo}I(y ai oryi aa! Caa aIoy y.po
Bo'.'Beolypyry ypaioo Iapo.y'pi.oyi olt{yoBapIBi Caiy!>2 Il{opoy apii pa ap| imeplpIuBema'8 epe t95|'c' |-2.
2 T c'tlo'. 1 (pxai); 15 6epe 1951' . 1 (aro).

186

Poiocmu.peumuionu

ii ep)aBi oaoBi io 3 B.aMpe.aa ieireii ooIoB:lpo Te aoo .olllooi o a ipo a y aei. I{ pai aaJla ypaia <.aioaiTa>ieirei
apii I opi. Ha oao 1950- poi peryp ya}Ia,r opi oio 6 poeop
Ty.ioo yiepey a ioo eaoioo iyy' ayoBi, ' yo)l('ooop' a Tao) pe.TaB}Iioi oep i a i poi op. 1951 po ypit aa (6) aoBoeo oayBax; 4 [I{opivi l\ p.'aBiooi iieii a ei o Leooi o opyT o oypiIo>3.
Il{opivi reii yBa ipe .oai Pa.oi ypaioi iopoi a'i. oa
oiuio ypi aoolllyao 3'3 euea poiolo yypo i oo yii o' i lIi6o poia oii, oe aI'IIaooBo Be <.i> pe.o i ypaii. Ha iiy Bi poi v y6ei, pai paiui iiBaJI 6 oo ayiB, a ao aioai-irpa aioypaii oai.
Ie aii epio pioo aii ope6yaa' ep
iroo, oi yyoi pauiia. i 1945 poy, oBop po epoiy yypy a.y' ei 6ire
ipeBzl po poioo epMyBarr' oa oeopai oi aioa yyp 3o6yapiope y poBtI eopi pTyaa pe6i. 3av .oieB yi aiooi a oIeii, o'ai
Poio ipi <<py6o
apoi> y i iepii, .ocHepoo' ia e B6o iy yBary a
i ix ieooi.
3rAo,

. 1,o.30, cp.2325,ap'72_75.1951poy u oopo)l(|r|UnII

pHea oao ep' 6o 6aao xo 3 )rai oixa o o
a.y ypaioi yyp. po ova oo py;Ltloo:lol\{Ba .: ' Cpi. To i: ypaioi;I a LL[eoa rvtoa aei (1861-1900 pp.).36ipu priozoinnopuomoapucma'Hoa pi, T. 11. (api, 2005): 43_58.
iooziuttozo
{ Slezkine,Th USSR as a Commual Apatment,446-447.

pic |gluK

t87

paiaaa
Pa.eyBeH po ypaiy <.aiolJly ay> CToCBio ooBo I opi, o iea ieiri oaa poBa oepy ypai o
yypy' rpyoBa}Iya tli pooapoi oi i apoH pa,i.ao pa.ii,eoo ieea op.raIlcaTeoo aiB, o oo opyaa
ypaia .opBoIoiaieirei. aeo yia
Leeo <.6aoHaii>, a pao a iiT}ry po
oo.[Ioo6aa, oo6o ai ypaii. 3io,
pai pepeeaii x a ir Htli-ai
ipa ii peorouii poa i ' 3 poio yTypo.
ooe eci ii, oi ay
i.a i pi, - }Iapayil a6o e i .ao op pieo, - oil iopa <.aioaii>.
i aoy ypaI.ooii eop oyoo .l,II1ix
oo <<Bi ai. a ii a.BaJIl
poi tlo>
tlo pai>, a <<e
i <.aiir'3o 3 paiolo>. 3a Iao ope' aTopo epIIIooiepaypoo Bopy yao ypa.
iolo MoBo' 3:llllo pa.i}IoHe i, a
oo 6iopa aoolllyBa eIIp' o ope y)Iy poioy ooei i a i Haooos.
a a , aalir y aioa y
ea. Hai y poa )aoB a opi eo.
pi i6pa Bya eiei aII <<B.
oo 6aa>, <.o6paxe i io,Te epui ypaioo apo>6.Booa peyiai ieoo poooIIIyBa' o Paa paia ilo eeoy piro
<.i'i ooi, ooi> i i peii aioaiieipai 6y ooyoB a.o . io paI peeai eeo oa <.e
ypaioo apo.y>'op ooIoBaBpaae p5imppz3ema,28
oo|952,c.1 (oo);30 py.l1948'. 3
(op).
6 Ta cllo, 24 ept1948' . 1.

188

Poiomu.pcumuionau

o po-oiioo 6paa, a i6o ipya

ii oa poi pa/{aa'aoBaBpoiolo yypo i eaa ya oy pai
<.
ypya aioaii >7.
Ta ao <<oo.ltlx>
ai, pao ec
paia, oii yp oai ir o6paapoioepa i olotla porpeoi poioi yp. 3aeo i oooi oioi aoep pea
paa paa 6opu a6o <.6ypyaaioaio>, a6o <.6pioooio>' a io
ooa poT)ei ooao8.flooa i
Bo oo ay apioTa ieppeai ypai ai Tp aBaJIacepIo. Hapa, (6) a6opo )y B. !vea <.oa eo>, 6o aop
ipe po ooopa-aa ypaioy aioaoy pyi, oBop <.a6aaopo paiy ypy i aaJlo po py6y [lrapoi]u. ,lBIoc,
.eo ayB a poi, a oo )a opaa.oB.aBa 1941 poy, o ii ypai oy 6 io p 9 .

Peyiaiioo opoy poBay

io <<oo.III>
ai, i op apii I
i a oa x oi. LIIooopa 1949 po pyou
aaCaiy 3 poao3oByBaopi 3 tIapo.eaaa poo (|849_t920): <.ya
TBopax' ..i6apeByBo aoi?'',,,oBi''a i. i
paBo iopapoe aoBoopoIapyBa
e'
oio-yplyoi
yaauii6ii a poa poIoioo
pyy a ei. oi opoiaa "pft6 io o'ai p.o
poiiva
1

[... . e, B ypaioo l{apoy,iou piz, J$ 3 (1951): 20_29; . , Apa iaopioi a LL[ea, T c*ro, 8 ( 1949): 26_40; impmpa ?aem,8 6ep1951,c. |_2.
8 C. lllaxo, Cyio-oii
o i paivl, itaoutpiu, 4 (1951): 33_45; . a, Ia pao _ epp 6ope po aioaiy i oooi,Ttanro, N 8
(1951):28- 39.
9 II'AO,
. 1, o. 30, p. 257, ap.206-209.

pic |acuna

189

IX .>t0Co Aripo i.oi:ypai opaa

e pe6a.o3o pe Ha e' o6 iaa e ie y
py6ii, ae Moa B o)IHoypai xBa pooil1.
3a ia ii Mpoo BezL ypaii pei
.<<ayaioay opi>' <<ea-peaiTa>
oia-.eopaii>.
<.e
proB
o
opaTa' il, a )I(.I'
p.'o3BoBepeBa oo op, aaT oo i
By i a opy a'THy oai12.
oe-apo ao pa6o, op' 6pa ya
y poioy llapotloy pyi i 1902 poly oep y ipa poaoy aai, y 6iIeHa.,aaB
poio
pi
aa' oB'y aioay
yypo i poio peoloio ao. Ha
'.ei pooBH oo ep y ypili ai
(6) pooyao oBop po oea po N1|4cI, <.pIoBo apy i y oo poaa.To>.Ae o i oo aBa Bp e 6y i oiui pooa paooo i.aapoo
PBoIoi}Ioooal3.
.{o pe6iai ieoo :DBaJwlpoii ay pi tli, ypaia iiri oaaa BIIIaHyBaIIHaeoo o6ap oaa Bep
(1803_1s90). 1950 po Iy l,IeBoaBTBa,
o.llopy a eopaii, Cia ei a Cia ootiei poo oo
3opi 3apoo}Iyai.aITvI
p. oa Bepa a .Baa: oo apocIllIB|4y ep ape i aoIoBa <<aioai>;
eBaHoo >
Ic po <<
oo} api i o |1|4vIBc oB|4
'0 PA, . 17,orl. 132'. 232,. 47,
|| T llo, ,49,
|2imepmpazE'em,12pa 1949,. 1 (paiaa); 17 pa 1951, . 2 (ip a'a); Kmpe 6diumo,2:|96o Mp oioya
98; (ypoa oaoa).Baxo B|4Tv|'
y 6i ioo 6ae oi-opaii:epe ao poi
e}I}Iooa oae ry6epe ypai ep)I(ax
ai, a Ty ioo aoo paIla i pa o }loo
<.
Ba peooBo>.
ea,
'3 rLAo, . 1, o. 30, p. 2755, ap.53_61, y 59; B.
Cio-oii o.. A. pa6ooo'iou paiu,
7 (1952):51-62;impmpazema,11p |952,c.,

190

Podiomu,peumuiottlt
n\u

Bie.1952poy (6) ) a oo.

3a pi
ia 150-ry pi 3 oo apoe,a i
<<eo
poie,ipooyaop[a]>_ 6e oi-

ix ypooe

a .eH Mo}Iya11.

oa ypaii yuioep iiei ao o.

pio oiaopeHyTyp.ii,pooB)
ooroo eiTo ipaBNII,eioi <.oiaii>
aioaoia, a aa eo6iolo iopi a'i PoBooiiy po.o

a pBaioo6,i ooipyoa opeoo, evea,paa, i pai i o60o'Ir{a

epai.oytlp)aBM
yTaoa. o'
apTaapaiy ie Tay' o opyly <<pBay aipoa.H'
apaoayoyito>l5.
oa
() ipaiii Iyyypaioiiepayp oTpauii pyo3 poi i6pa.i
IcTa
HaapeaCyoy Teapaai6ioea ipai
epea apiooo ioo eypoooi
6aaoopriiypaioi aoipaaypii16.
Pey6iaaaaBaaao a i6pa i
pyo ypaix ei-ai Biii poi Iy ypaioi iepayp.Ha 1950pi y oy iii 6epia<<pao
i> aiii e eea'paa i poo, a Tao)l(6iripyoi it

'{ ILo, . 1,o.30,p.1990,ap.40_44(1950);cp.2756,ap.69_

74 (t9s2).
|5Ta cao,o.70,p.1917'ap.22_23.
l: PA' . 17,o. |32,. 416;IIo,. 1,o. 24,cp.8,ap.1_9.
'' I4o, . 1,o.70,p.1948,ap.1-5 (1950);IJAB-OB,.2,o.8,
p.9504'ap.233_237( 1953).

191

ptKau

ix yei a oi.yTao.1950 po ui api

laa paa 6yo peeeHoi oa o B a, .e o
20-oipaoo opi.o epep
a oTy:lo
po i oia.oeloapiy, I{ oioBeploy peTapeiOeii pe' o paoi pyo
a

laJIl|IIa.vIc oi

18.

pya ai oiauii oaa pe.arBaii yiaii aiotl ai y oB i po oaotl

pa. .'aH.poo opooB poi Ba.aiiiaa ia Be poi, ep IlI.ox
<<oB>
.,a[lla. pra epi oeooi <.ooi
6ip opi> a 1949 po y pox B poit
y 100 Tc pipi i ooa aM Haa.,o
ipo io _ Ie 50 ap6oai. oa Io it
i i ap opi. Ha ii <.6paicvI>>
poy
Iy paioi ieparyPI ioya
e 1951
' i3 aaHoBaH oi itoo, aaiitoo
.'ai ilo a{oa:]o.oi aac BvIy peauii paB, po6i oeo <.ypaoaioai}I> BTe' opa ai pauioi
pii, Pe.aroaoiyir' Bo o.aoPriay eprrey Illeooi aodiopaii. pai iy arlcaJ4ao) oi ieooio pai oeapi .o oo Ba. epri i oi Ia.'oy py poo
Iloay 'ecTvlpoi, :r oopoi pepoyuii llltII(oBapTIl oai opo oa Baa aoo aoo oipaioo o6aa, o ix p6a 6yo aBepIyBa Moi'9.
pi oo, y pai 1950 po Iy ioya o py 20-oe i6pa opi Iaa paa aipo Ba oo y 1950_1951 poa. Xoa pea oioa po
i po' p.aop By ia pao o.
i e i oi, opi ola 6yo TyIa
i oo <.aioaitl> oi. oxorlAo, . 1,o.30,p.3308,ap.68-70.
'8
19mpe6iumo
piiPP: pe1941-1950' 423
(19a9);lUlABoB, . 2, o.8, p.9503,ap.153;I[Ao, . 1,o.30,
27 pl 195|' c' 4
p. 3662,ap. 41, 228_229;imepmp2I3ma'
(eoe
a).

|92

Poi
ocmu.
opecumu
io
cnu

y pai 1954poy po i.eoooeea,i a.

ooopaae 6 oei.oi20.
iaoi i pypiooipai Mooi aei aaa oiya il aoiya
aioay a ep poiri 6aaooi a
ix .ayTypxivi. |945 poy Baaoooa po a B.a31-oeoBtIi6paopi <<aoa ypaioi aioaoiy> Mo ea.
Ha 1950pi po opoo 20 oi, ae oo paiai g oaJlac.i a ByBa tg46 poy 75.i
pii 3.'rrapo)I(e
ei pai BaaaJIBapo
Ba}IoBooi6paii opi y 'aoa. BiaaloeP' poi ii.ypi ii apo, pey6iaioaoi pooB:Lpo ap a
i oo6i aoi HapyyaTpo. Hi iiy
i , Iy iepayp 1954 poy oooB' o oTyr
'oei pai. aoa pe1954poy
BaII
opi aaa poo y ' oa'Maa oooy ', apa Boa y Ie'Bac Ceaa y pox i aa paoooy.Booa }aJI]aJIIc
HaBepIII I',12|.

Oa ypooB)1948_1949 poi ai ao a.pyya aoi oHooM}Ipa opi 6ito

ypai ai. I-[ipai op o.y Booypepi:<.paii
aipoa oii>a
<.ooa6iioa>.oa i lla ep}aapIr,raa eppoo3'aeeapii opoo
H ooo6i oo 6pa <.aio:l.tl
ai>.
1949poy api flpooi o6ai 3aii paii opa990 pipioooapaa' apoJI|net75,o6o aa 18 ioi;Bop opeaJII
oo poaapo Pae (20%), a o6oo
20impmpalQ:]m,
11pa1950,.4; IlAo, . 1,o.30,p.
3662,ap.45 (eapruei
po).
,' po ea .:Pcb'
ucmmo,|9 6p |947, c. 4;
[Ao, . 1,o.30,p.2030,ap.36_38.po e pai..
Kmpe6iumo,2:
90_91;lAo, . 1,o. 30,p. t9,p.i68;
T.*t
cu|o'cp.36-62,
ap.
9lP ^} a-p.45. po irueI{i,
45 i231-232.

picCu

193

a6aao ipre(9,7%). po i p apai yiti opio 3 po.Da opi pa.,Hoii oioi iepayp: <.Papo>aea, rrapa.',aBlll ,76o,a <.aao ypaoa - 4,2|". iao, o .poo6i xoe i

a6aao oypito, i) aa a a B,vLa

pa i.epiB
pr i iaa H)Iy llo llpy' lepaypoaBpeeo
B)r3 atl BopiB ieooio }IeeBi
i par. oi.o |954 poy Iy iepaya iri
p ePulolvryPTapei (6) pe' <<Bo
(opei
caepia iepaypoi at|vI KIIaci
' tloa i . .), i e a poao-oirroo a
B.
iopo-iepaypoo }Iae, a6o ai, o ,ro)y
a y yax ai e ioiy pai oii
xoaH a pai, o ipo opi a (o
pi, a aepiai y a.i ai ypaioi iepayp Iao)>23.
oA apaapa e oa,aBa <<HyPlIoo
pa> ayoBi. 1951 poy oB ytl py eBpoo o <.Topi>ou6oo, 6o opei oo <.irry 6Bp)I}I'aoB y eB
a>. apii aai Baa By vIcT|4'
}IaBay Ha oo Ia eepia aa i aaB o ipayp llll(oy <<poeo>,
I(o)I(yBaH 3 <.aioaia>oo lllpao, opo pieo a ao oapoB' y oil,ryo6 BaBaB ixlo .ii, ayaB pyreoo
i o.oavo iryya po poi2a. ,ooi Haapeoi peTop Iyy ypaioi iepayp oeatlp i Bep.oaaB oao iip i,
22IU(Ao, . 1,o.70,p.1334,ap.L_2aiclp.1768,ap.7 |5-t6.
'
23T c.ltto'
o.30,p.3662,p.46.
2aT'tlo,o.7 2'p. 1,ap.18- 19, 9 1-94 i o.30, clp.2357,ap.112115.
13- &79

|94

Poioonu.
pecumu
io
nu

apo. Cyepeua br lyo, .(epaoi I{

paaoaeii, iyai 'oMH
<Topi>oroooa po25.Ta ao eop 6opotl 6iya IcT|
aaa M poo .oB.aB
a
<Bi>IIIeoy' o o 6y apoaioo <.aioaiTHoy>peopoi Cepiri peo. Iy pooyBaB y i' peoa i o.ioo,ai ai ii vI,aJIe ar paB po.ly.
Bperi-pe,<.Top>aaa poo i
o peoa26.

yeio
Ha oay 'eypaiaBa.aep.
yary
ya
a i, e poi I4<.ypiva>
iopie, _ peyiaiyei. p ia aa po poaIIyepipyi yei a ieooiypiiloixi .
oi,oi ieepaaep.ya
eiioiii. oaoBa aaai iop yi <oaya
epoiuyiopilo ypaiooapo.y 'y iopirIo e.
oo poioo}Iapo it 6paiapoiPP>.
3aioypaiiyi a <.i.peIoa
ie opi iopy i poioo,ypaioo i 6iopy.
oo rrapo.i>
a opopei poioii' p.
i paoypiooi.B oyei opeo o po
ip yelo oai a iaeepe{opoioi apii 1709 poy a.uleai <<paHo>
eao
ao27.

vpi ooa flpaoo oiey y paa

yypo.oiiyaoBi Cipo ooiaHaapoi, aoi y yi y ioi a oaoy. oa iip ioya3i,o6 oaa' oaoBa Btlya a ey poo, oo ooi .
ayaB'o i ii oi io 6ea.yei
25Toltcao,o.72,
p.1,ap.95-100(ie)
i o.30,p.3662,
ap.231(poo 4,1954poy a i apyo).
26Toll cao,ap.191- 193.
21mpe
6iumo,
2:2|3_20'

Munio

195

po Be' o Bo po6 oai ao,

iya pa.I
Boayp.oByoTaHoy..l[ipoBotI
,

i po
poiopy apo poToeii,p6o.
y oti
oi3aopoiCii a <.ii}Iae
i iopvy
po6i ypaiooHapo.>.
op.Bor apeooioeoie,a ,oBo.a'
o'a yaHiepopiiaioypai<<aBooi
[ o.ipoepoe ayBaB
3e>.
pio,o i'
ip opy ay po pa.}I
tI:l ai eoii'peoiVIII i Ix opiu. Mao oo, iop () ' o aepi pairpioiai papaiypo
ioi epB'ai oayiopi '3 Perioy
PoiIo.Pey6iai ieoo iaBayeoi po6o 3axii paii, ae xioyPaiiyei
e o oBzUIT c ||4N1coH}IIvt. Co, o.o yio 6yo popee 6iuBo l\,tyelooaoi 28.

.ooo i oaoa1950poy, i ayi aai}}I3aB:Do.pa, Ba 3 apioo

ya.1950po aapaI{ peaBBPllloNrypapi eoy ay iiyarri, a 3a.
i.a,o aoypiriop ye paii 6ya o-epaapa. 1949 po i o6yao
110 700 iiai,aoi y ioy yei Tapaa
Myei oopo oeLeea_ 73 100,a y oBoTBopeoy
_
c 70 200.3a epri.ii 1950po apy iiavl|37 oi6, ye ea- 80 000,a.[paicop e y i, oo poy 6 pei a ii_ 49 835 oi629.
.yai,
2sILAo,
. 1, o. 30, p. 2047, ap.54_63. My oaoi 6
ip y pi 1950 poy,.UIe opoii a' a oi
6 1953-o ope6ya papaii(Ta,l.lto,ap. 101; p.
3261,ap. 11-13;I l/[ ABoB, . 4 7 6 2 ' o. 1 ,p .3 4 3 ,ap . 1 -1 5 0 ).
29IlAo,
. 1, o. 30, p. 2047, ap, 104.y ia i 1950
T opapoy iia a 186 836 oi, ae HaaToeTI\,l
ioao y.'o6o'oi i y.ii oai (To aluo' cp.
1989, ap. 36). pi oo, a TaTy e ia iopoo
yelo o yi, a a i y i io e 6ya.
't3'

196

Poiocmutl,
pecumuaio,
0u

o-eepaapa6a e poo ooyei <.

iopo-yp aoi.
o>>.
Boa poaoBaa B oBtliei ii Boo a ipo
a' oooBpiep oo oap'aoaooB
I opii'Haa.
po B'3oi io Py,
prio io,yo i iap oi y eep.aaoitoapa'o*
ie paoi ypaioi paooepoiyTyp'
ooo poBy Hopyya ay. Coi
ro-eepaaBpa Ii oa i oa c'Tv|
i 6ya o i aoypir
:LoMHx
i y
Poii iepii. Pa.aBa.'a
opaaaBp6li i poiaTa ye iopxoIoBHoe (ep:Dlo
poBtlapo)Hoe,
o i o.,a&l
aepiipee),ye i papa,y
eapHooi ioea'ye paioo}IaPooo
eoPaBooeaa ii.
poe iiyai padBaoepeyi a6 iope ie.o apia,o B (o.Ho
yi ea oii po iopi o-epoiap' iti toya' o e po.a
i op:tltl3ooorrap6a0.Cpa .o.aoo
ya:lo' o
aio6i a i paoi.p)a
i paoaoiepBeBeapya ei oaoBepy
B p.a ypai ieooiBao yo
piieaoo.|952 poy 6y o ypo Ba.
o' o () poaya' a IIIpa
pe.
oi.i i6o pooiaiiyaa,o i..
Ioap o Aoi' ooap xoi i
eep'6y eeoapIaCaia opii eiapii i o i )ITyBaB3 pa,,
o.e,'.
po.
aiep.oaBpp oyaB pai
yuioepi oo6BoBaaa e y oe'
ae)IQo ii iooipiopi.oiia
opeo.i
oo ay i,o ypa io.
30Ta,vco"lto,cp.2047,ap. 145.
| Tl cao, p. 2769' ap. 158. Aoi pai aa opii

iapii a' o a HaaCai.

Mueniaa

197

eIoo-eepooiopo.yTypooaoi.a pi

Ivlao ar32'

poia,o iopeie opaia Ba.a

evepaaBpaitotlyy piiy ay a i o
a iiyaia paiilfi o6pa3<oopa.a>
ypaii i poii iopvi a'i. Oo: yetI ypooi aTapooia po oapi yii ap6 po <.iopiloioo'oiaepiaoiyTyp>33.
pioi yex i6pa
a3a irooBtlopoB}Iyiopilo peii o. Hap,B o.oyi ii a 1953pi po BreH.
i aoi>pe.ieppaxoBaooppe
}l <<Tap
roi VIII opiva H3 BoopaCoo,a
ao)opayi pa iri Bop a peiiy eay3a.
I.eooii paii yypi, i oa.
ae <.poi.eooiBpBeB ieparypi>y
<pai>3a e1951poy,o i oei yi e ia<.pa.
. TpaooBepei opotl.e
> ao oe a ap pi ae <.II{opoaryTii yi>.paui aoptloiaeiIIIooy, o i iop e oypa 3aoy oBHi' eo('yai, oa
ooBii oi.ao oo' y i ipi Bopyoi oii.eopyT
eieioape'
e pcaei I_II opi.r.3aaoeo.
i i ptlIyooi ' ai aoBa6opo6a
a paHypaiooHapoyo33' a poi paa.i epae ypaioo.
ea epaoolllyBaB
apy ypaiy ey pa,paooepio.ii opio 3 .,oeHIIvr
Byoei oa aprrHaraepeBcTaBa
2Tll cltlo,cp.2047,ap.37_46,83_85;p.3655,ap.|44_|52.i,
aoo Booiopvopo6o6o 6aao,6o i.o
ao opoo. 1950 poy a.aipayaa,
o oey orTyB:UIo
poipo6oo6iyy 12 p.
o i apioiri
(IIABOB' . 2, o.8,p.2040,ap.243).
33ILAO, 1,o.30,p.2047,ap.745.
.
3..IIABOB' 5116'o. 10,p.20,ap'6-|2.
.

198

Po1iomu,opcumuio.tt
ndu

oo' ioo, aBpioo i iepaoo )Boy <.poit paax>' a poiy ay I opi

p.aBi Tp..i 3 'o po6i, i 6
yei. a 6it,ye I\{aBIIIe .eToap Paoo epio3s.
aio ii ai <.pai> oai ai iooi o y loi-oa.i 1951 poy ypaiIvrIy.
e pil ir yBa. 'a.Too oaa
(6) oaoBB, o yi oi B.ooa eoii, o6 pae oaa pyr6apoi, aoBy 6opo6y i pai .oe. ii apii opa oy
3peara a oaoB' ir io paii
.I[epaooiopoo ye' opi aaJIkIcB oyoao,ryrracTaIii,6 ioy ooi ao a ppeoa povi. epo o6o a)a,aB'o6 ie paalil ye Bop eoilo po apo.ai
oB', oaB apii po o'r.a Poilo yoo.
}I:lB3:l po pa.y iopilo. Bia a.aaa:}aa
ei pae ia iopi 3'3 Poi a patI

ooe36.

H .o,o ypaii ieoo pi oco6

yBay oali yei. Ha eyi oai 1951 poy Cipo aJIBB:
poo p6pa
i <<}I
_ iepIooay epei oppeaai,>,
o iopvoy yi pe6a oi epetlyB
eoi37.
ye oo poy e ap oi epi i p
oa'55 iiyai.Booaoo paiBop Ho poi po oiopvi a, poi6paeo35pDa,13pe 1951,.3: <B o..aPy'' a Ioo
oaB o opIleI oao o6lol epe. paa a o.epy'o o ep
poo. Bo opa}I:.. p I-II . po_
a''>.o I|ocIaBc
a pyaTyeoi peip,opaioaoi o6oo apii, oo a y <pai>po6a a ypai yi ooIloi atvly p6iui.
36IIAO,
. 1, o.30, p. 2769,ap. 1 (oaoa);o.24' p. 1090,
ap. 42-45 (i)' 57-60 (epo), 72-7 5 (Biu); p. 1105, ap. 86
(poo;,124 (piui).
7Tl'l collto,o. 1, p. 972, ap.234.

Munic

199

ilo, pypei ia y iioy

popoop'i,a ioya oil' po.ipo iy
ye o.aBo
Py. aalo}Iapy <.pai>,
(6).
a B opyoi eoiia aTp.)e[I
yei paipeHao)eoilo paooepooepioy i ipeyypi' ooiIo vI VII oi a BlIIklco iiy po epio.aiaiy oiiy. oa i a 6y ooi
IIIeapii |954 poy38.ep iiop ioo iopooye oaoyaoi eoii,ie.
<<Byv .oI\,ltl
o
i apii.ooipo y N,ly:
ypaioo
apo.y'
iopilo
eoa,i oBopIo
peHyo oeoi ayiri ii oii>39.
eoi..o<<B)r
pool 1952 po Ba.a
o)i
ai, o e alo yeoo ae>'poBo.'a
aa
eoai
ir ypai lv{yx.
.(o
ypaioi
pi,
pii
ioiaJIpaHci
i
c
e,I<aJII
iop.roi a'i. Hapa, oa paa
ye 3Boppeeaa ae, oopaiiypaI opi,-o
i io a oppe<.aioaii>
yirai aa oo. oi , orie.
peTap ieooii,a eepep ePapooy apii,
i aoo6ToHaa3a }Ie<.aioaix
pa>oei fiepaoo yelo ypaiooeBa.oppea66piepaopi,yi oiB a ypaixio pii 6yo Ho'a yTp popooao.
oo l ai.xo6ai oy 1952
poy piBi apii epeHv|
eoi ioo
BaJII
paIlaoo ye. B o popklT1|<
opa}ryap.
y <.aaIoei III 1206 poy polloy 3 Poa38IIABoB,
.4762, o. 1, p. 562,ap. 1_12 (1951);p. 669,ap' 4_6
(1952);IlAo, . 1,o. 30, p. 3655,ap. 179_190(1954).
39Tl4 clo, cp.2769' ap. 26. peyai <.py>
<oe
i xay> ipa.piax aolla o6i iy oi apioo }loy' 6piaay ioy iopvoy yi
(Tt.llo,ap. 11- 13).
{0rUABoB,
.5116, o. 10, p.20, ap. 13-20 (oaa);Py6o i
pvo, Cmiu'238 (i).

200

Poiocmu.
peumuiolt
u

y aoyp aoyipy>,6o oa Hae6o

io6pa:aeoi 6ypaiiopi oeii,o oHaa <<pI{lt(e
iopuoi poi Poii>.ye He.oao
iaBBe ooii, a6aaoyBa pi
oo-oiyii 1569 po i H o:lya'i
Ieea poi peoieopaTa.i epeip yi pai o:lopryBao ial.

Cao a 6epee|952 poy Bi iopi yi

i, apoi epi.ooipo aBepIe
pii,
aoi iti e pepo6loi eoii. i
() oop i ai ai y vepoi oaoi
po yey pooy,a 1953 poy poop:.llBc
po e oy
ieilo ye i6paa2.
pai io Iaieooiaperaeai
ypai yei aa o.Hoai
ai..(o aaii
oay 1950-poi .{epaye ypaiooea i e aBoii po iy Py _ Baa oIilaypai apo.HBoa ioa V[ opiv.3ae flpxa y poiooTea i aB oeito.aoiio, 30pea aoioolo cBT|4yvi opa i i6a
III opiva3.Ha oay 1951 poy y ypaioo
eBaaBa po i ooeoii,e
;UIoa ei oaa<.aoi
BB>poiooeBa.Ha pai e ooipe:loaBoie eBo ally ypaioi yypoi a.
. B,aa epaao Me6aaopai i ip
ppa Apeooiooy3'a ao)6apeCaoa
il lai o-epoooap.oavl 1952
poy tloy eoilo'ypoBoioiii peoMtI.yBiUI
{l IIAo, 1,o.30,p.2769,ap.16_19.
IJ'pa.o3Bo
.
oIr).a iiyaiT
epoiuii.1952poyy pieoyyio69 046iiyai,
pe 3 480ropi
(Tl't c'tlo,ap.21).
ap.23-27 (6pee1952);p.3261,ap.87 (1952),
! Ta'ctlo,
74-7s(1953).
{3tulABoB,
.4763'o. 1,p.58,ap.27,28(ypaie
o),
16 (poieo).

20|

ueni

aai<.6pa
[apea] ioi Pi>.peaao)
caJIa po TBopeHlaJI

ioi

Pyiaa.

yol xao flepery, io oi apa

a oayeayi oo paHpopoy 3 eoiioppe3fioropyelo'apooHyaB
aay
oo,poiooipooBoooa.oB'
aVIII
opi,
i
oa
oaoy
apaep}roy
oiii
i.
aoBeooiepy>.e
, o <<He
y i aaTvlaoi <.
pa pooi fieprya .cT
Ca
> opp oaoo apIMaIIIBoo.
ep epTap eI(oBBoBB3a , 06 <<oB eo3iiye. B peyoBtIypai a>as
iy Py o
a)raa
eoi
ai aoo o}IoBeH
iopoi a'i ypaiui i la aioayop.i,
i ooiypaii ei.oepe.aIo
oaaia epioyaioaooipoeI.
Pey6iaa Baa 6ya eaooeapolo, ieeo eopitl ye ypaix eiai. 3 ooo oy, aieypo ai epe6avaoBIaryBaH
opui aioaoiyp. 3 ioo oo .eiypaii ieoo 6oy, Bpo.oB)
y ypa.
oo iya ope6y oio i.pearya
ipetpiy iopy po poioi a*'
i i Ii aio- BaoBHrr
Parroia. 1952
poy oie y paBa ypo-oii yao .ooia apioy epi,o ooe eoi y
iparypo-opiHy3 a 3a y <.6ei '..iei op.roiea,oo po
i a y poB ypaioi popeoiieparyp,
iopoo 6opo6ya oie aio}IB3o.
ypaioo apoy' a i pyx6 3 e
poi apo.o,poT opoi ypaioo apoy _
3aao iypai dyplya aioaii>16.
i ooy
Ta: aa ieppeai.oao
{{ILAo, 1,o.30,p.2769'ap.64'69' i88; Pe
ucmemo,
.
14pa|952'c,4.
15IU(AO, 1,o.30,p.2769,ap.85' 119.
.
{6IlAoB,.4762'o.1,p.669,ap.6-7.

202

Poiocmu. opecumuiolt mu

oiy po tttli-ai
_ o ex opi aioaoi yyp?
opoo'
pt oaB caT oli

Muenicot

20

tlo. 1953 poy aapa adopotlBye a :UI)I(

i aoTapy <T. . eeo epei po6o a Taoyooi e1"reieoiioo6paa>,
i i ooapoB arryPyBa 6 <.aioi>
i ix i.eooiepeipooi oeoi opaH50.

Po 3 Poi, ypaii yuioepi yei pai.

piopaol\{oepoo
epeJIcp.aBe

y' It{leBl leoo BBDI(:UI eoilo

B eHov

e-

opioy yei pioy ei paa <<e3aoBioro,.

i aa6oo o'oBe epe6yoB eoii ye oy ip 1951 poyas.

1 o' . 1, o. 30, p. 2047,ap,|4-17; Klnpe6iumo,

?..221_222(ipyro);IiBoB, . 2, 6. 8,1p. 23|, a;'p
(pvo).

3apyl aal
op:loay aBy'o.e.
|947 i 1951poi,a olIIie oiiiaioai
a'i. i iop.rye p6ap opri:li yiepaXeoo.epii ye a
o 6aiay oei oa apeai'opeaa6
oo'ei iopi oy,a
a 6po. p i.ay epeaoao.,
eooye o6aoo.opeyiaoo'-

opriapaxi opeoiaptl' 3oPea

(1901,api1910i 1916)oi pa..li.'o 3aopi>
paie
aya paaioifi
oo'o
yr52.
ypaioi
9t <<ponHaii>
Tlt cllto,p. 3261, ap. 33.

(epa).

204

Poiomu.opeumuaioannu

ia'i
Te, y oo t l epi.rpa.aa.a

<.iopx
a'o>y Hoy _ o pa'o.
.ai,pe p ye oo6y uHIvt
oe53.
Ha a,paBa6epeea'o ia.aia.aH. 36apaaopeu(1631),Be.ea
a ai oax o i tleao y iopv ie, o6pe
ipypp a' y oy epe6aiaiioi iopui oye.Pa.ioa3 a' poaroaoiy opeui,po6paif opToyauy
aope6.Paryv a ioi ieireii,
ayHiipa yyp o oa a:ayi pH pya,aei i apaolo.)e peoyaioy aysa.
paia Ba.a
aaaaipyaoa 6 aioi]iiopvi oye a6iria. Hai eei peapaiipo6o iop i a yIya aaa ya Heaapiao oi.
1947 po oy ao poo6y poi ota ie i pioi epi poepooo}Iaepopii Coioo o6opy [ opi.rv|aJIei a i e i

51rU[AoB,
. 2, o.7, cp.9527, ap.120.

Mictl,n'mi

205

i ' ee}Ii 6 a opiIo'a Baepo6o

_
6y iaeio 1949 poy. 1948 poy oii (iil
Toapo) oopotl a'oiopii yyp' y et
.o3oPoii paoooBa aa, Ba)KIac
ai upi BopoyBaoHy3 apaito a'o,Apiiy epBy xvlII opi.l,3 yoo poBepa o6xiipeapaiipo6o55.
Ha 1951 pi aoi peapaiiaaBe o .
i o _ a'tl }I3IoBoop Co

ypaBiapieypiooiayapapai,6o a' tI B xo.oy pe pl ap.

iepa'o.Haoi i irypyay y iop oei,y.' pao'xoapi a.
ei 6 a ia iir a'o, o'a
o a' ii ax ioptlo.i56.
ie paioy
oo
Pyi,
aa peeHioi
pa.oppiiopu oei yo aBN{
a o oi.
A o o i BopIoBai 6ropopaipoi.
Ha a,a'}tBoopy Coy po6o ae.
oo yopaepa oa io.oy olo3tl
apieyptlx a'o, i 1953 poy ypaii yioea peapaii iiepo yp
p oo.'
PP. Po6o iayaaia oaaPaa,oBIIoa.

55Ta ao,p.5568,ap.35 (piapa);p.5553,ap.98

1_12(3o.
(CaCoi),2|-29 (3ipeuip);cp.9527,'ap.
oi opoi);45-53, 67 (Apiiaupa),|2_28 (3ipeuiep).
sffi,{oB, .4762,o. 1, p. 566,ap. 44;PNI, . 2329'o. 4'
. |0|,.2.

206

Poiocmu,
pumu
aio
cntu

ooaxo (t053_1 t25). a.Ba )i iip.Ivrpo

To Bo o aiaoa.Bae.o6
yyT ya ayoy i e Ba peii
oae<.
CB>,ooi6popa HalBaJIaoo [I3'i6 i 6y papoao,a:}aBIlI
a pai i' o aoi:<.Ba.p
CoaoB>57.
Cpaa aBooa'HaBoo.pyCoy oPyIIIy a' iya yai i.eooiopo a
epeioeopii. 3peroto,
ppi 1953poy
i iopv i a a'i i oepo 22
3ayo N} 22 o y. aaioo'.e<i y
1908 p. op iop Aoo>'oa oiia pea oooIIIyBaa
Aooa<<aopei
6yp:}
aioio>'paoi aeepyrI(oo.
y 6ao)I(o Aooa a i a6opoypai
aioa .ii:aa )eoo, oaPa oIoo'opa piea i iopa.oeioepao aea58.

ia aii oyi i.a,o poa,i

Bep:ra.o
a3 B.loo6apo iopi oye. Hayoi yavaaeooiio 6epee poiioptloyei epi poaoBoo poioo aioiy Paoy Coi 1960
poi59.
Ta ypai ii i opoo_ oay 'Tpoi a,oao' o6 po6 ioii

Miupnl,mi

207

pa<.Caaavl>.Bo a:<.60 oi a.
}rpei,6o o iopito i apo.,o) poo Ba,
.{'e'eCepioy,iy i paco aIoooyptttl e alr,l'oiopvoo yoo>.'epo
l\,loyi p a 3ei.,o
pa.oIli
pov|p,
i ioy paoi otleoaoieoym.I
'yao,o pToaaooa o,a,oi)I(eH
y e Ca oo (oa aaoop |741 po,
a a pei pia 1783), o6acaaxoaaip
yIIIaHyaypai oai opitl aHei
a ByBarrpoopivo33' . 'a6l.
paia iirei ioi BoploBaaeopai
oiii 'yaa ii ii iopoi a'.
pai 1948po aop Apoi ya,eHpo
oa a iop oea Aao ail<<poay
oaii>i ioyai po aea.By6oo
p I opi i. aaaTyaii pai,e
o.payopaiyi papaiipo6o 6yo oy
e,,o a62.

BtIo' ae iao aBil,T,e 6e H ae

<a'ao>i oio ia.
Tp ePIooep}I 1950 po pya e i pa.
oy <.po 6i> - . IIIo, B. Ceaeo,
. oeo' I. lya a [. oap _ ai aJIIcTa
ooi Pa iipi PCP fle'oi opoey' Ce
ypyao ' o ey oi ayo Moa' y o
Ba):loolo o3aoo aT;DaVIII opi Ca
aoo, ootloo epo eooi oypoi iopoi

1952po ieop (6) B. Cooio

epIoy peapei oy' o 6yiuo ipo.
eTpoaiio6y Hioo aooaii XVIII oia oyoaooBaaaVII oiiop, <<pope Iaa Cipa. Cipo, y.PoBaI}yBaB
Xoo.aa
oi
pooB)Iya
i,
poi
BeIr{
3
ypaioo
apoy
o a o'}Ia
io3y
apoo>.ao oo,i HaaBae
i yaoi,o aoeoaoypiroiiopoi
t a ypIoap po oai _ <.3aopoti
y yay>(1880_1891)Ii Pia.Ceoe a}Iaal'
i.i po e al, a aioipie,o ieapaiiopi
a ieireipyaoo yary a apo)Ii
aeBai, o epi. i i,ieaa.,a
ee i lvloy'i oaii ie ie e o.a-

57Ta a,o,. 2_4 i o6aa.

58rI'ABoB' 5116'o. 10,p.19,ap.16,18-20.
.
59.Z[.:
John B. Dunlop, ThFaceso| onteporry RussinNtionlin
(Pinton, 1983)a Yitzhak . Brudy, ReinontingRussi:RussianNtionlignand theSooietStte,1953-1991(Camidg,
A, 1999).

60IUIABOB, . 2, o.8,p.2040,ap.233_35'y235.
6|Tclto,ap.237.
aoaH
pooaa ia
3i py.
ooi1783poy ieoypai
62rUIABOB, . 4906,o. 1, p.35,ap. 42io, opo,ulopumIltt' 166,

208

Poiocmu.pecumuiocn\u

i. Haytloo poy aa aayBaa ao) 3 tIBe-

opoByBaT p:De oi io.

ooe eciT Baa ai aiBaac
i oi .oBo H tI oepei, i 6eepeoo py:r apoai epB' o6 pocvITIoi oi a-

o)I(yaB epyli aH po oi. Aapa If

(6)y opya aapTe oe' e :UI oopBa eypoo.:<. 1935 poui a'y 6yo apap }Ieo Bopoa apoy' Heo.a3 apiopoioi a' pBo ioe 6ypya:}}l
poio, i aip pyya api i paoy
p)aBy a 3 .o HaIooapoy>.
Ci ia' o ypaii yioep e aa ao opa.tl a'o i eopii y 3aii paii. (6)y Bpule opyIIIB e a 1947
poy' aaBI yy peyiaoo oiey y pa-

ai a'i, 6yoa api i o oi.

It{'io i poa ia, i eopia}I o-

I{r a eoo popy opoi apo.

Micnt,mi

209

lIIo' BaoBex a ia ope iop oi a ioi oi6, o 6iroi iipa peaiy po iopii oi i 6y poBai po iepi ypaipo a' o <Hapoy ooi
o apo.y>65.
.eopaoipey6i> iai ii lII aryi opo
a III Co6oo a ooBo.VII opi Caiaa
6yooo, i peaBIoo ioBy ay,
a ao a'H B.ao }la op-

oy Aappp.(1946po py.

oBBB3ae' o6a oi a'a6iIIIoyoolvlyaioaooeoi Aay iueiy,

a i 6>66.)
oo ypai apo.
<<ttoi,
paii Bapitia a iiur.
oepro oo a a 1949 po,
(6) aperiaTBp.Ba o 6axa
oyei. Cayi a III Co6oo, Caiaa 6ooo'ope oo, Aa.papepa' aBTpoyopaooiiI oiAropa foyoIooa paea Co 3 y a
p6pa. Baa aot3a eopii .ota'i
oopoii oii,ooioTyii3 pa 179| poy' oi,i axai i pooiAp.
aiii 1920 poy' i e a6 rra oIay<.ypaioo
3oo o
oaioo iopa pyreoo>.
ypll :DaaBopy i ayi Cooo, oo i
pepa.pyo 6 e po' ae Baaa o6ieopa oo6oii Caia67.
Co poooBao aotltlIIoxa'tl
ai .opyriray paioi, poioi i pa.oiiopx iooi, xapaepy pioy pi65IABoB,
.4762'o. 1,p.164,ap.15.
Tlttcl+to,
ap. 15(po);IABOB, . 2, o. 7, p.3078'
ap.61-62(pyo).
6?IlAo, . 1, o.30, p. 1370,ap. 1_7 (a');
o. 23,p.
a6259,ap.205(co Cia).oi6i'o i eroo
iax.3io pipi iraiopaix
a6,itL6
peptlai
ooalttixa'i1953poy,oHoo
oo yoo ilYILI!|4|cai 6 iia (I]ABOB'

o.8, p.9496,ap.29-34,.
14 - g

. 2'

2r0

Poiomu.peumuiolt
cnu

_ooaii3y. paii ieoo 6pac IIIaHya

eoo' oaooooBHaaa poo-

Ha6i a iooi yive ypaioi pa.oiiopvoi a'i y oi o6 BaoBe .IIIe

eopix a6o'a opo ay. Peyiaaaay Beooy6xeii a y-

211

Micnul,mi

Iopi 3 a'oiy y oi aivy HeeTBi paoi dpopaii ai iooitlopiopTeTtI paBax.Beo pl, poop.Bpo 6yio a'Ilae 1941po.fiaoo6epe1945poy
ypai yp oTaHoBBaBplIIoo opy.)eei pooi,
.,o1948-o.oiuia oii aTep.a
o o' poooiai 1947 po, aotlye ip
a20 i 1952 poy?'. Hadaao6ir oye paoi apo yiepeTy e ye B rlay}roy
epiuui.Pit po <.eiay oi> ao oi pee.To.
ayi po aapa ooixkIBpooii6yaa'Hoy ypai
ei-ai,
o ii e 6yo a'aiy. 1951 poy oi ipoepoiapii opa
opy oepyo a 3 poxa}Io3o
ytl llley. I oa 6pooi aryi 6 e ooi,
ia pie ii aoi p72.Taa paa
opB}I uiay oi ipapi a'iBy pa.tli paii: ep iroei, opa3a eeo
Cii paii i pao y 3aii;Caii Hiooa Popaaypai aaaii73.
Oeo,

oH

a i

BBzDzl' o Nloylvr

ev, y i apoi, i.ie pe)l( ii o.

aII epi, a a ie poe.Htlopix eei a ir pai Ba' a oi.
uii peaB}I aoy aee i oi io
i poyi <.ypaio>.I oa pey6iao 6ei e 6o porue a opy.)tla'Ta
feeoi y Cio, ii Ba Blvlc poiaya oo ai. Bo ep|4co iiepBa yyp
7' PA,

68IAo, 1,o.30,p.1370,
ap.9_12.
.
69Tac.l,o,
cp.2756,ap.158.
! Tuu 9, p. 1990,ap.81-107 (poooaiay oi),108
(peauia).

.962' o.3, . 1995,. 29_62;IAo' . 1,o. 30'ctp.2757'

ap. |-2; impampa ?aem|24 ci |952' c. 2,
72tLAo,
. 1,o.30, p. 1990,ap.206_07.
73Ha ep Caia 6pei 1953 poy ai i ypaii ia, i, api, i i Caio (flou), tt ;La'i oluy Boll. Haei 1953 poy pey6iaa BaapoJI:UIa
a po i opy)e3a yoB' o oa ,iiayBa,a iy oo aoo poy ui a i. .Z[.:T"llcto,
p. 3598, ap. 2-6; p. 3597, ap.73_77.

212

Podi omu. peumu iolt tu

3 poa epa ay oea' ooe}Iya lloapyo pai aa' lllo 3 o :lllla.

B Bi. Bpri-per,1954poy ipai Cio B.o ip acflra' fLIeey7a.
o IraioatIi-ai.a Ho eea, poTaIIIoyBil ix, i a.aBc 'aoB i6pa. 'eT poa opei 3 tI ope6ya aaoi peapaii, i poai ya a
oiB' oHya i .o.i. 3aeaa {oa ooo epioi oa epi yBa 1950 poy,
o <.Pa,,}Ia
paia> oTpaa ia i i oo eao o po6 i ioo iopa poeopa oo6yuoo' .peTopaepiioo paaoo y Ba ypara a 6aao pi. Haapea 3yc o||oiay ui pai a aiai Cepeapiy I{.
oa )o poi oi e pooa. epi 1951 poy
aa o6a' eoBa oya y,ea
ioo ipey, aa o <.ipaypoiae> ipt
po y o aeaoi o. Haapeo HoBy BpyB o Pa iipi 3 poa y)l( a)I( axoi75.MiiepBo yyp io rroBy y, a pi
Too' eoi aep.oa}Ipeopyuii eopioo
yelo ooo a yiTBo HBeoo oyea a oi a76.
Baya ypai ei-ai6io ai 3 oaTo iroi eopioi aaii - poopi.l Bo' . a. e 1952 poy oie y Paa
yypo-oii yao pooyBaB <<otlyT
i io a' Booi i, a TaorlyTaHoBTeopiai ol i oye a i peo,>77.
Hayoo poy
II(6), a,aa oy, ByB e 3 'Bo-

II/lBoB, . 2, o.8, p.9486,ap.29;mpe

6iumo,2:
280.
75ILo,.1,oll.30,p.1990,
ap.|54-156(1950);
o.72'p.
1,ap.
7r - 7 3( 19 5 1 ).
7 6I I/{A O B ,

. 2, oIt . 8 , p . 1 1 4 0 6 ,a p . 1 9 4 ;I LI l .A o ,. 1, o .30, p.
3655,ap. 108- 11|; Kgmpe6iumo,
2: 3| 4_3|5. Peo y i
opyell lIa'ao:L1954 poy.
77IAo,
. 1, o.30, p. 3597,ap. 52.

Micunv,mi

213

a a6aaorpaioilpo a - a'aHolr,r epeai-eIloyi Tpiaoi

ap B i. Hoi ypaii ieooai oi
aax a'T a}Iy a lr,{oHyBo33' a78, o

oi ao e o.y:l'i6B p6iiepaoi oexi pai ay' a e aei

pai .oayiepii.
.)}I
Mia Baa,iireii ai opi ei

y apxieyPapooyBai6yaepBy Cy6ooi, 6y ooae,i aopoit

Irio6ai iyuii ao o.
oiapoa7g.
1953 poy I iooai

pooii.
oi
.a
i 6 a ir
,T|4
i
pii opyao a.
o)IaBaoBi,.,
oiai Booi
Barl(B
Too aoo i
o6ei a6o eopii .ot.
i a eoy'ii i ipaIa .
aopiao6aoia aoo6ei 3aopoi
Cii a opoiop a fiipi - Ta,eBoaopoaIoByB:la.
flipopoa oa pooyaaop o6eii a'TIa oi IaaCipa. ia
aayBaaBTaoB ii op eopii
Ba.,a
a6 i apooyBaap'ey aaTe.
Ta o6i py,aii epH'apooHBa3T Bii a'ttooByIaoioyy <3aoo ay p,
paiapoo>i,oa
Baopyei ayi.Mao Too' ooBai.liy a)epoi.ii,i aepiooa6eH
7sT.lclrlo,p. 3598,ap. 2-6; p. 3597, ap,73-77 (pia polloi); o. 24, crlp.3504, ap. 163_67 (oa pooi). paia aa.
ei apiyp oay pooyaa3 a'IIeo (To clJo'ap. 43_44' 52).
?9IABOB,
(Cyo. 2, o. 8, p. 9486, ap. 20-2| (Bo),26_27
i). Iruo po opiay ep'ypBy' a po iituy ii. i oo
y ilo aolo ;}oi a oy al,to{y
e 6yo parloae300 poi oy.

2|4

Poiomu.opumuiocndu

HB apiIr iooiB, o ioi '.eayx( o-

o80.

.(eo ioie eaa pie a. ipoopaao6aapaapoiaB:ra

BooH-

tI 'eaJI\a'tla eoy, iiepTBo yyp oi lre aBepo. Bioio i ioB oBpy ipoopa 40 c. p6., pae Ha
'69. oa a 6pa ori, pey6iai }toBtl io y ei a'i eoll,ryB
opy-eioy i poi. aa aa ipia or poa po a'H aepia ioo y3e' <.orooeo oe> i ai poay Haaa P6aa <.epeaapaa>.Bo poo 3aHaa' o e 6ya y ioy ii, ae e
o.oio i i i8'.
ii eP i peaui ieooi Ha x iay.
Io' o iei yioep opi aaIl liltc
opaiaop oo ipoltoo y oai, aoi i, o6o o)I(BByBa y oypai aioaiy, aaa pya ii eyii.-poxa i aa 3o. .o B[IaHyBa Booi i, Boo aioaoo epo eoo i
oo ooi. iep p6i 6y oe po
aai pooiIr{,oa,l y tI e ro ae po iopve o33' . a. (6) io pooii yyBaT a'H eoy, o p )Ie6y ooi, iiy ii: y Caiaoi
1i tg5
poy _ [ao-pai) i paa82.poe o.Hoy B80IAo,
. 1,o.30,p.3640,ap. 54_70(o);IIABOB, . 2,
o.8,p.||407'ap.4-5 (op);
llp.11406,
ap.48-49(flipoepo),228-232(py);. 5116,o. 10,p. |6, ap.22_
24 (i);impp?la|n|
3 py 1953,. 3 (e). Bp'i-p'',
i <ypia>
o6ia opui.oeopioior,
i a'
Cipoio oHoi op(IIABO, . 2,o.8,p.9880,
ap.29'31).
E.l[AB9B,
.2, o.8, p. 11406,p. 15_17(ipoop);
lAo,
. 1' o. 30, p. 3628,ap. 1-2 (opy),91(po),
102-|12

(a).
E2T.c"tto,ap. 114 (Caiai);
o.24, p. 3503, ap. 13_21 (pa).

Micu,n.,mi

2t5

tloBoy Ba.y ai ooooi i aii oa_i ac opa oi 3

otly eo a ii yip-xai
a poio-ypaioy opoIti, oaalo B a oi6 epr ioep ypaioi epopii ay 6aa3aoBHa aii83.
ii 1954 poy, Iea i o oay ypooN{opi, ypai yp a o aBep.')
i. Baa pitaBe e oye}IBo33' aH
epeaBi i Booa aayBaa o6yBa poir a' eHoy a 3aoBi opi p.
i (eprip i 1961 poy, a py a i o.
6ya). ii oB oo.io Iiy epB C6ooi i ao apypoy Ty <<Beoy ttoi ypaioo Hapoy> eMaoi eo. Bo ao) aTep.ti o6eii y i 6Btooi i a 6aao eopi ao a ioppeyix 6yie. Ae oo yBaH t11t1'
aa Ba'aoio aya o.i aooit poi _ Tpiay apy i. oa apii pi y
pai 1954-o ivl.ei ie, poyBlll257 ecii i 61 pooi' oypHe ypi pito p)Ba epIeie i e poe.ya)I(o}Ipo .o paiaii85.
ep aBp peapaii iopv
a'o, ypaii apii iep zUI'yBa' 'e a'(
poB e. B. op6yo, yapao o ipoopa.tl' oiB, o poloii i 6 aa aao oaa 1943 poy ie }Iapo.e}I
pH, a B oaoi 1943 poy Po peeyBa epaBa a epea-e :}ao' o ea
a Tall ao,o.30,p.3628,ap.97.
u Ta co,p.3600,ap.74_77 (a',oaa'o6ii
y pi);IABOB' .2' o.8'
eopii
our),118(a'
p.9880,ap.29-31 (aao);p.11408,ap.2_5 (oa aa o6ei).
85Il/(Ao, . 1,o.30,p.3627,ap.4_|0;Pacapai,25paucmemq|4 r1954,. 1
1954,. 1 (a i);Pde
(oyp).

216

Poiocmu.peumuio
nu

apo.B ae Ta' i a epry <.oIIIaoBeaJI

oe>>.I iopii oio, o aio
poi<oey .epa ioaTotloo BIoBy eoBo' poTe aipoiir apia B.'aTpIr a6o yir eo Cy6oi. Cepeapi I.{ po.ae
Ta ii: 1 py.1953 poy, o aoB opy
3'a paBy' i a oa 1954 poy' o apii piIvtI,
io 3 poTooo, <.pIJILI
o oBy, o air ioip i apo.)eo.aaeoo p- C6oi>86.
Pi <.'ya> i apo.)Il a}IoBa aii, peoloi aa pe pa ae. Pao i t so a epeao p i Cy6oi opa ai or a peTapai ioptl a'To a peo By87. i 6yo ipeoToBao a'T oy (1886) i ieo ara6ypeapai Coioo
oopy. peai pe6yya i ep ia, op oy oo' ie a6yoo oyella
Bo' . a. Baa BaoBa 6poo 6ape <.peaa Paa> a Io i-api p oopoi a pecaB a opy eoo 6i epeaoi pai a pivui Tpy6i66.
.{epaaoaa ao opaioyaT eypii iopv}I i a, epeaa a i oa 6
ai }I. pa poeyaa Be Bo a ai BpaB ropi8g.I{ pootlaB af,lop.o
eypii o: oHaT 6i a,a iy, BoPy
.oa'a eey,.zliai a'i i, 3oo86TT/IAO, 1, o. 24, cp.3504,ap. |73-|82;o. 30,p.
3672,ap.
.
6_36;HAII, o. 1, cp.407,ap.|-22.
87IABOB,
. 2, o. 8, p. 7027,ap.38-39,50-60,88-90;IIAO,
ap.36_38.
. 1,o.30,p.3600,
88TL'
lABoB,
. 119'o. 1, p. 168,ap. 1(a');
. 2, o. 8, p. |0237' ap. |45-146 (o6op);O. . Aao'p..'
pec-Xeuuti
i ozoicmopui
( i, |954),c. ||2,
n'll,mu
120(pea).
89Paocima,19
py1953,. 1;I. . Hayo,Bvpioy
Booii ypaioorrapo.y
1648_1654pp.,PaKlao,Nb3 (1954):|6_|7.

Mic nlt,mi

2t7

i BopoTa,Coi oop,.I|,ea
epa'a'II
BoopyCoy i eoy'Aooaoa'
evep oap,By oap,3e IIIeTaa'Ta 6yii pa'ai90.
eai, aperi,
ri eypi o paii yp ooi oyaB rpy.,IIIpooopxy a BBIIi epeeiiiaii
opHa'o,pyxy' o oo aioaii
y
1970-po1960-
i
ypai
ieooi
o}IyT
pya
a gl.

Caii i.eootIoaiopa.
oi
ypai}Iyyypy iopy Tpa.i,
iopeey i ypaioi a.,|<oioya
aioai.Tp6ypo oiui yTaioaoi
a.II'
paii apaapaoio 6o'o
e BBopoi6y aioaya'. I ii epeyypBI3cieiriiaya.opeBoi
x ii, eyi yuioepi a i y ai
ioiep o epe)I
oo Ta poa,
px al'oo)ao.aooya i yi, i
Bayoiuioi oi a'i. B ooy Pai aia i.aiooia ilIaao yi eooaolo.

90IVIAO,
. 1, o.30, p.3640,ap.7|-79 (i)' 80-86 (epea,
p i o 6).
9' .(,.:o. B. Cay, paelu p pii (ie 50-_nomo
90- pp. XX cm.) (i, 1997), . 11; . 3. ,alo,pe1,.,Sepetco
m cJl:poacup 3 iue icmopii patcozo lolamt
zi nooui5 0 - - 80 - pp. XX on, ( i' 1997).

Poicou. Inpi ma ai i umi

219

6i paiy, oe,i,
iep,i pa,i o,
,
B oy aByi pa.oi
6i y oy o2.

P o i o

IpiTaai yii
vpi 1951poy oi paiei,aopi,yai i yoi
p6.oo a leay ypaioo Mea.I-[rpaioaBaayp .o}IeI
Paoi pai o6ya eueyi, fi aoo aopo.err
669 ypai i opeHa' e.a o 3BaII.
<.pa.a>pyyBa po ea pooi

aoi peopari,ea i opTyaBIIIoep

<.o.a
>,y i i6o 6yo ooi 6a-

aoi e' a oa IIIae B.ilaoao Boporel.

oai ypaioi yp oepa o
ieeolvty apoi, opo aa ui ia.
i pa Caioi, apii a ypoi. oa 2 l
<.pa,a>eoiao pa o pai aTelo
<.poieooi BpBeH iepapi>. Hiaa' ae iipoaa a Cai, a ca 6a
_ eeaoip pea le oo{y<<BpBeIo>
o ipur Boopa Cop <.6ipaiy> (t944),
il , poioy llpai 'oy i ipaoo,yp: <.3e.a>
a 1951 pi. Bip oa a:
lfl.:pa,|4_27ep1951.

ay I\,Ipoax Copa Ba.'aroei

apiooi 6oi o pai aoi eo. <.paaai
a> a.:lx,o ipr, aa y apioIlor..Baaioiy paiy, paiy
|944 po, oiy <<y
i''>, a Pay paiy. pi oo' y ai yao a:lo a iri epoi popay po6oi ()3.
3a ia .i i 6iauii <.pai>ypaia
pooaa py6ii aai i.eooi o'
Ba.'a
aioai yi> y
a 3aplv|ac3ay.}e<.
i epa i .aopoi .ioa.X ax a{ai pooIaci il pey6ia. Ha iiy i pioy i 1936 i 1941 poa' o i ypaioi a
1936 poy oi poBe e' eai epoioo ea ( aaoo' pylloo, aep6a)I(aoo' p3oo, iptloo' 6iopyoo, 6poo i a,,)oo),i iei eaoi oi. 1951 po e i6oc )o.ooea. (Bo i.'ooo i 1953 poy.) i a opeoi, o i io o'aoi 3 ie,
> B aep6aa}I'
aaii pe BB|1B<<aioai
ypIvrH,y6e i p3 apo.tIxeoax. 3a}Ia a oTpy <.aioiy>y' a i6yaac I952-o a oay 1953 po, ayoi oop po
oe.ipoBa B oai po ) Cia.,oBi pepi' poBa po epoi aioao.
<.o.ioi>
pai 1951
e5.Ta Ta' aa a 6o .,o
poy oa aye iyeH poioi l(yTyp.
2 Boo.p
Cop,6i paiy!,y .:B. Copa,BcLcep
6impai(i, 2003)', 272,
3paa,2l1951,. 2. po oyoCiaa ii pa..:
6 ( 1998):3_ 44'
,'.T. teo,Booa,Bonpoctucmopuu,}..lb
43-44.
a l.:Bilinsky, The ScondSooietRpubli' |5-|7; Boop apa,
pai 1950-1960- pp.: Eoi momoimapoiucme (i'
1996)'. 60-65.
5Simon,Ntionlisn,206-09;Han,PosfularSouietPolitis,149_50.

220

PoDicou.Inepima ai i umi

oi a a eppi paoo yptloo ).

I-l,eei o.aoBooIoa .ai6ie poioeTp apaep oiioi pa.oiyyp.
Ca <.pai>zlao ia i 3 oll ipre,
paa 6o e .o Pa.oi pai, a ypaii iep poei i ii p.a pi 6iroi ieooioi a. Peyiai ieoo ya pT aoo ai i o opy, o oo ai Ba:zLooBIIo apoo aioy iepoy pory paii, _ <<Bopo6Be
ayall> aioa y' a
o)e' eoa opa:e iop '3i i Poi.
flpyoo p eprepeap (6) o.o.
oi aytloi Cia o apii fopri aoy, o
ypaia ieiei <.yoi Bopa i ayo pa pio iaiy TapoBy>, i ae oy: oo iei aay iy ieirei oaya paiy
<.ei'oloaTo aroi oi 6ai>. i
o Cia t4cep o oIoBaB)IzlJI'
o ypaii ip pora <.po6po.aiopi po Ha paii y ipi i iopii apoi PP>6. Ha pi
i.eooi 6opa, i iyac B paii, p6ac
po Heoae 3:lBa e a paoo ootl'
iopvoi p poi apoo.

o ooeotla
aio pa loa 1944 poy a Bo
aai Po <.ieaiaii>
ypaiooyoo (1946_
t947) iooiopoa iopv )rapoy pey6ii e6 op. Py6iaioB,eop
pTa piBaJIvtc
oo)oo}IoooBopy,o ypai aopilaoII6yo apyyaTIc
oi.
1945 poy ep:eao <.Coecae> Byo poi paII}I oeapa
Iea<.eep6yp:r
oe>.e 6ya epepo6aepi
6PA,
y IU(Ao,
. 17,o.133,.311,.34_50,y38_39;p}la
1'
o.30,
p.2423,ap.49_50
(2 ep);T.cao,o.24,p.785,
.
(14ep).
ap.61_67

IItoooeo
nu]|eulJ||

22|

poay 1939poy <.Cepe

)Ie>
po eoe iepioi y 1858_1859poa.Bapi 1945poy ipeIoroeoioa poi <<peoi
opaa>i i oi e' oaoepeyypi
Lfleea ixi iepo Hioa epe.( poai <.Cpe
xqe>
ypi feea peooi6y.
BarT ii _ opoo oi Baoo.[oa.
x ieII oa.ipo ix oo6eaooBaai ea.) poo Bo a poi poi epeaiei ) epaii. Poa a o6peioi.aioi oii a'i,o B pi |947 po I{
(6) pitia,o pey6iiio e o.opriaypai e. 'ao,I.
o ppaB opria' :D o B oai 1946 poy
ooBeB.aBBo
a.pyy:Ulo
y poioy
epea.i oa opNraa
ai peeii y pei. Ti
oi aopo.aBpyoo.(epxay.Ae aaipo
iopoo)rapy6a poai ypai .aBBo
e oiraoy6iyapoa'op yi poioo.
oe>'a <<pa.a. oao,o6 <.eepyp
pooieoo [llleea]py6y3 .aI\{
pBiaPoii, [a ao]oo pooe yit>,
6ya apoaaooa.e7.
oi> roapaie B.a<.p6ypoi
pii 1948poy. o Leeoy aaoaB o Ilaiollalltfl'o' ypaii i.eoo i ayi po pecBaJIoo 6iopai, o6 ipec.rI
ooi ' poiolo yypo. 1951 poy Ivo aBepIIIBe oy' e 6it popoiy pi poay, y ea}Ioo6oop aapai . Tip ro 1952
poy <<ooee
a>8.
i i'iy aaoa o o ypaii iepaop oa oaa peadiiaii iop.roo )apy'
7 ILAo,

. 1, o.8, p.330, ap. 13-|4, Pei a ooBa .:impamp.?aem.'5 epe 1946' c.4. op.: oa.p
Io, pe rce(i, 1939) a ap veo, mep6pzcII
ocb(Moa, 1946).
8 rI/{A,
.590,o. 1,p. 163,ap.7;TAo, . 1,o.30,p.2357,
ap.242; o. Iueo,empdpaoci(i' 1952).

222

Po1i co.lt'u.
Inepi ma ui i umi

Io ooeo nuce|ntuI||

'2',23

Ha 'ii ei 1948 poy epo a aaB o pi yary peoii, poa.i i Bei Bii ii a <<aoBo>
ypaioy .opeoroio},I,IIIyoy:<.ipeIo' aToBo arui iopii,6o a)alo' o a BBooi i ypaioo apoy' Tea
o33'ra ypaioo l{apoy poi' ea apioy, Boaoo ii 6opo6i ypaioo i poioo apoi po aia a arui ei yT 6iea ypaii iepaypi avo rpre>g.aa iTpa Ia oepa' aa.aBIIIpo yi 1946 poy oi
' <.poayp>, op eeyp.e.oeil0.
I.eoo e aepeBaJl po eH ai,
ia ipa lII .ope iopoo (apy.
py ey aaB Haa P6a ei poao
<.peaBapaa>.I oa rap. o)a Bopeiry oi iopvy ey, i o33' a pai Poie' pea IIcaJIapo o poa paIo6peo.B epi
t947 po <.ipaypa a:}eTa>;UI}Io'o i 6e yiy, oIIaca, o ia po.iipoay allpyya oy i ypai. o apii 1948 poy a ra pyo},topio po Haa.o 20 cu
pipi, a 6a a.}aaBB:Daii o, ae peeilo
apyyBa Ia ia ii11.
Poa aIo i aptly oa eoo' o aBpIIIy epeaBolo Pao 1654 poy. P6a oy ia ooi ii, y x ilo poali pi oi pTB' a i Bo poBBaT y
poio-paioi py6, a epi aopooi yBa _
.ii oaoo iepa. i iri oi iopi
epoi y aii iepapi, P6ai oi6 o i.eoopaTe i aitt pca, o }IaayT aoo Caia. a y poai _ By i eoryi 6ao llapo.y' aio pylopaB o
.ep)I(aBo.

P6ai eo pae, i _
Ci y ioi poarai _ oi a yia ouiH epTBa, llpo epy ypai apol o
Bo'r.a 3 ooito, ooa yp6y Po ooTi epioo BaIIIo epe B ai.
Ba:il Te, o P6a .oar ooi pioa i
aioao i aoBo iopirIo' oaylo Bo33' . Ha
i. i paioi aii aao, i ypai
i opa. o oo ii yllly o oo' i oPo pa.a}IopeiaIyBa ollii. pa iaa P6aoe o6pae peoi oai ootla
oya, 6y a epeai pa.i i e pa
uapei. poai <.opuia o6oy> opBoioo aioaiToo poaia Apia aea oy ya
oolleo oy Poilo. B poai <.oy>pai paI{ pai e oeap Cooo
o6pa ooBa paBoo p.aBai i
Bopoa llla-eoaa oo. oealp op> oy epeivy, y 'i <.o.a
aBy pay ayi o.ii, pir yaai a.,yBa
oa. P6a 6y prHHo'y oo oy apai 3a,,ipa eoo i ai a
IIpy apeil3.

9imepmplzI:,ma'
23 pl |948, c.2.
[A,
590,
o.
1,p. 57, ap. 107-108.[ aax yituo
.
'0
o opoooapia oo poo <.iepaypiaei>.
11imepmpazema'7 ep |947, c.2; 6 py
1948,. 3.

12Haa P6a, epcpa (i, 1949)' . 45.

13po pie o6paettttaoai oya,.:Cpoto,
piuparcuicmopuuupo,295-99. Ha . 295 Cpo
..peaipai'' potlopoToaop)l(tltl
re:<B
e 6ypya iopi a 6epi po e, lo i6o i Ia-

y opo a, a a a (i a pao 3a e) po6 :UIo.B>epooio 6yo pa y a

o o6pao ooi. I{opaa, aao i a
oyo
iaa, ae a p6a 6yo. T, Io NlvIcJI|
yyy' oy ppooio oBepzUI'.,oo
' oo, o6.ai i pia y, o y p, a:}a:
ciTa' o tI o' a eoo p6pa a, Io e
3a io, y.o.i,i o api aya [ooa poi i oppoi eoo. _ C. . ] apo3oaoo po3oB py' o p rroy 3aBo.,
y po a12.

224

Poiou.Inepim ai i umi

ep oiie B}Ia poay ai peap

P 6op !epo ooii a 'i.i ei y pyi 1949 poy. BiaIII oi op a pa.i
l' i oa: <.op po6oa a yarry eay' a i'
oop o, .' a ep.oiiii ypaioi pa.
oi po o paBy oi iopv poa Haaa P6aa ..peaBa pa.a''>.flpo Bil ey
i Ta aaB yoo efl ypo eioy po epeay pay. Poa o6y Cai pei pyoo
yela.
C o ioptl ' , aepIe 1949 poy,
opBtIIo oy oiy a'i, o'ay 3 ope
o pao oBoeoo oiuio aaoo. flpaa
oia Cioo <.Caaa>aaa T pe.aB o3aoo eTaHa paHoo pa o3y 3
Poi. oa ue 6yo e poo. oa 1619-o v 1620 poy
Caaafl ip pI( ooo o ap, oep.tloopoy i 6pa y.ra y ooi ooi apii a o.
y. Pa () :DIl'o ai o6ii a.
po iy Poi eopei, a oa a' o Caa.
a opa i oa <.[3o,.3otl>'tlo.tlo3a}Ia:
<.Aepo i .o i oa? po i, ypia
oa ooo o oi, o)I(epo i, i
6 a oo' o Caaa ro o poii i
pao 3 o opoee?>ls
oa Ci epepo6 ' y, i a a <.
Py a Pi> a o.aeipa i oao 1943 poy, i
Caaaoo pepaoBao pe.porpeBtl iop
,ii, ypai Aripo B;UIB16.
Iep
po a'i BaaB' o yi 3a po ioi i i oaa ooa 3a i p ' poi o <.Bo33' a>6 i. oo y y a.x
o oryo i oao ev||i NIaJI
iu opi ep i ypeoi>'
la .
{po, paia paI{aiepaypa i oao
B() po )ypa <3a>i <epa,>,
ituou paiu,
}.l1 (1949):74-75;imepampl?Bema'9 6ep 1950,. 1 (pi).
15IUIAO,
. 1,o. 30, p. 1416,ap.8.
|6T.t+t
clllo, ap. 1-3.

nucelngI||
lllo ooeo

225

pei> i eaoi Caaaypai <<e

oy 6ire 6yo.
I aa, <.Hai pa:}o>6opa .{epa eo

i y 'i poo popoii oai aal,

epe. Ia Cipo, ap ap a Boa eoio aa. Bepe oydioaa epi t949 poy, 'ea
opay o6ya o6pi iry, a Cy paa eno.'a" [i e B Toai 1949 poy. o B oy_1950
"'p
poy <<aBipao> oaB api eap i. ea _ poi ypai ap y epe oBoHe e.
piu _ pea piaa pe'py aaoaioa.
i17. o.a, a iiy i opiIooo <.oa.
a oo>' eie )I(fiepooi ' 6yo
pao i pao opo. e 1950 poy ii ,TaBJII
ii p, a )I(e1952 po Boa e a i i, i
apoi oi. Tooaa eaTpaa pa IB.y
Tpay ipey o ' oIoBaaii oo yoHo
api, a a iyi aIx i o3BI{
poail8.
a a ' otloo paioo pepyapy IaIII1III' oa ee ioia oai i,eooi o.ya'
<.po;la Myp> Iaa oep a <o.,ae> oa.pa opiya. p p 3 ooo po
i pe'p Xapi eap y epi 1950 po pi <.poaaypoo)>o a,. BaBa aa ra
yi. opiyoBa 'a Bpaa' .oa otly ep-

i 3aiy pai 1950 poy flepo opaB aoi apao''?>[.:

y: <Ha y opo6 6y xopi B, o rWIcaJI|..Hai
IJAO, . 1, o.30, p. 2042,ap.|3.
|sPaeumemo'30 |952'c.3.
15- &79

226

Poicou,Inepim i i lmi

Io.3a pyo. i i e BoB paaryp ppo <.o.aaeoo> i aaya"

ni
oy yep.i, oir pi <.oi>"na
<<IIIxTy>.
o 1951 poy <.paBa>Ipyaaopivyoe i6peo o op <.oae>>,opi eap ptlvlIl BcTa.laJIeuIBo otlo i i vix pyoi peaii oep 1953 poy'g. Heeo i. pioi
yooi apo po 'e, opi on','i.,," <.oaaoo> i ..poaa ypoo> Mo)I(a
oH ' o Bo )I(B ieiai 3 <<Be
pea>, aoi aoo a oopi iopv oae apaTi oy pooo}I ptto
eo eiiroi <.Hai pao>.
Ha ovay 1952 poy ypaii yiop e.
}Ie|iaJIpo B.atIoB yoi opi a iae-poopiu Bo' HaH. i a apa. oHo.
y a6iIII B.a <.Pa e> iepaopi aa TopBa oi aip <.ioii
.py}i> Poi. Cia il{Hiapootlyaa i6pa.
i oei, i op i py6i yea}IyoeBy o,o.
Tae <.aya>e i.peoiloa' )
a a-

iriiopipoa'Hapyo'ai
pootgs_tgs

19Pe
ummS
1950,. 3; 19 1950,. 2 (poc);
o;leap^.opiy,-o^aD9ry)(euu:epuamu'ipultozii
(i,1939),. 31,53,.59,i 76;oapopiuy,ozi.Xi",ouu:
,en'm
i(i,|954),c.23,i,, i-43;IA,
.
|,cp.
|577,p.1-5 (oz).
1^31'on.
,!.ninepqtpa
z:'em24in|952,.3 (apaa);tAo,
. 1,o.
30,p.3597,ap.71 (oa),

Io ooeonucblt|||u0Ji4

227

paioyieparypoyi1953poy. Tooalti
B yoHoyi pap B;Ul'o pooB)eH
3a oao'oa P6a e o68 poHo,ipy
eopii epoo tioie,i ac3a
iopoypoai2l.
Cya poxopi o33' . a Tao yiaie peadiiauii iopoo )apy. <.pay pay>_ apa poa, yitoBaoB oiuiaTyyaoe Beooopy'
y a',_ i.e.,o
(, aio,
y6iui <<BBa>
pooyBaa
oo
Ba.,a
o
<.aioyioi apii> <.opoyp iopii B(6)>). Mi ie i pae1954po i ypaii
a'
o6aiipaopBapo opaiaipoa.
TaI(opeui,eiapi, aaop Ba poo
ay. t Caiaii o6ai i6oc oa.,
a oepeui.To pa _ o Booi
a Piei, aaopeuiipaa190yvapaaa
i <.epeaBIa
i. oepeuii epe.yaa
ii iopeae>,a i i 6o oaaoi <.o.a >22.

<.paa
Pa'a>pooB)1953_1954 poi paa ia luaoBa'opeatopoir
pai .ooi oopoBipaui A6paHa 1954 pi aa Pia.Tp ooi.aBa
poay'
Ivtoayao pyy poi epea.
yoy.opa P, pit'o
allpyy oiia.Ha oaoo ii
ieB.,a
aH
poara,
ypaie paio PaIoBao
ii
opei
poio'
epBoPBI
par
Poay poi a
i6 a ioppi23.
2|imepamp|||
Z:'ema'24 rp' 1953,. 3 (yp <ooia.paa, ooia paia (i, |954); XVIII , |57
ia>); e
(Haapopo eoaipa);IAM, .590,o. 1,p.
204, ap.3 i imepmpt?Brm, |2 l.lcoaa1953, . 3-4 (P6a).
22I TA O,
. 1, o . 7 0 , p . 2 2 4 7 ;o.3 0 ,p .3 6 8 1 ,oo6 oap . 1 1 3
(Caiaia o6a) i 124 (Booi).
23Haa P6a, peccl
pa (i, 1953)' 2 o; PAH, . 5'
o. 17, ',454,. 1 (ooiaa);IAo, . 1, o. 30, p.
z3ma,6a 1954'.3 (paio).
3631,ap.4,8;imepmpt
15'

228

Poi
ou.
Inepimiiumi

Cio a Pao 6araoo eioaBlB.eopo.yapoa}Ipoypaie'epeiDtlooa' e'aoolly tlx .ooorypoi a ioie

6a<a
ypaii o33'a poi 6paa. Cepe.a opi <.pao 6poi>i py api<.Haaa>Iaae, <.}g1plo>Bac yvepa, <.Ceai> pi yea2a.
fiepo aaBoy epi'
<.Haipzlo>,
y 6aaoeapi cTaBIvI
i a ya poopio'a.Iriap 6pa.looeoo <.oaa
eoo>opivya, o oo pao i po:lIIoP6aae.orioipopaB apulxlaa25.
peo, o ieirioy oaa BopoBya opyy yBuI,opypaioi aiooia'i. ii 1954poy apiei 3aoBoi oi epre iopii pa}Ioo
eapyaiT[IyPay Iaa paa <.Co Coaa>(1895),
airooyy B opriaia oo apo.
opa.a'
poy
1945
e
o ypai ieeyiopyIyaB
a po BaBpaooi apiooi' , ae ii
aaa'a]aoBa.
Tep ii iirii aoi a ei Ioopayypaiyieppeaiaoioia.Cio a i'a
'y a 6araoirapi26.
e caa e}I Cee Cpeo B3B .o epIIIooi i
ypaioopoa}Iypo iy Py. Cii tIi ilI irya,o Iepoa <.BeaPy> _ pllly ay po y, 3 oo,pei-pt,y epioi oa
aa3Baooypi iopvi poa_ <.Coa>
(1957)a <.Boop>
(1963)27.
2{Iopai'y*"py}Io
i6paay ii oi,.:PAH, . 5,
o.|7,.454,.11.
25IIAO,
. 1, o. 30, p.3632,ap. 22-33;o. 70, cp.2247,ap.30
(Hircupo i ozXuu);
Pacocim,3
1953'. 1; 9 iv |954,c, 2; 15a 1954,. 4; 22 pa,c. 2; |4 cep,. 3 (iapopaa).
26imepmpt
Zaema'13 ep1945,c, a (9a;22 cilt|954,c. 4
rLAo, . 1,o.30,p.3618,ap.93 (i);p.3632,ap.
(J.IPi);
26_3(riirapi).
27Lo, 1,o.30,p.3599,
ap.46.
.

IItoooeo
nuc.IueulJ||

229

i oiipaii eaiooBTa
1946_
poo
i6a
oi iopvooxapy' a
1947poi':Dy pai 1954poy MooBIiooi iepayp i opaiyaeiy oepei
po ypaiioppoa.Ha III 'ii Ci a
ei pai y oi1954poy io e B:DaB
CP
ap.
ooa
iop
opi6eo6aaa
oa aaiaoai op P6aa,aa,e a iIIIXIa6iri.oHe}I
paioi paoipo,

ae yaoi ea yitaBv.BlII<<Ba)e
}Ioo poBy ipayp oiaioo peaiy i e
ptlIy aeH Tea iopoi>28.op ieooi api a,'e :UI ory eoi.
o' e eeo 6opo e }(ap. epya peaie .
aoi y6i 6yo oa y ai apii.
ei IITI oo6oy apxii Haaa P6aa aiy, iovlil Ta pa oo poa. Pe.
ai api i oaoo Boy y eiai ai, o oo poarr po epoii pa oai a Bo)ItI.
.o a Poii a oHoa <<{yipoy i oy opi> y pi, o poo ipya, i aeo iBp.)y6aafl xo yB pol\{ay.epo i a Moaia Heopoaoo paoy a o.
ai 27 looo 1952 poy aB Paoi:
Iopi pai i oo6o i 'iiBoo
yxa eTaaoa ooia.
.p)I(arroo
BaIlle xpol' i opovaoioi
<.opoipa>yia po iopi pai, a ao i po
ii aaeoo y :l.o ipi y i ipya,i. o
i i. o iir, 1943 poi, poTaIII'y o. opiya <o.a>a
ooioi'a B 1949 poui popoyIII
paa>H. P6aa,
aIBPrpoa}I<epaa
2sPA ,
. 5, o. 77,. 402,. 78; imepampa ?alem, 22 pa 1954,
.4 (oepi);IIAM' . 590' o. 1, p. 197,ap. 37 (:);
ao)t(p. 199, ap. 23-24; imepampa l:,ema|28 o |954, c' 2
('il).

230

Podio.llu.
Inepim i i umi
epoyio6y iooaaoo
i oo i ay pai ipai i ioex oeoavi
i p o Poii. I yryi.aH:Lee
Ir{yoIt{
Bopa,i , po poaH}l'ypi y pa.,y29.
a o oi ieooio opeTt|4f,I,e oPB '

oo iopoo iva, op i paiy i

pi ii o pBoo oloy oo.

ypaloo apo. _ :loa o. I{e pa.

li apioa a' o popBar epaB i i i ia aioo-BoHoo pyy ypaioo epoioo apoy>30'
Ha6iIII para ii i, i Pa opMa
.
i paiui il paH pey6i. i oo opoe y6ai, Cepooi o6a pyii opi-

) oao polllya }I}ly 6yiii, i ou e i

ep o' ae ypaioto3'.
poa ep o y poioy epaii,ootl popi .o, it c>y ioo iy ya Oa aeoioy pop'i, pai 1951

,,..A,
. 687,o. 1, p. 47, ap'23 (aoiaaa)i 29
().

oTall clo, ||_|2.

| Toil cQ,t|o,7, 9_9,
20 -20, 2|, 37 _38 ( py), 54.

I|u].
i ouuJlmb
Kiemozpicmu

2:||

po aB Paoi ypaio: <.eyoHo,

o Baa.,peaa pa,a''a ypaii oi.,eopaa. yl
a Toy oai, .'elto ypaii, opi iao e oyT
3a6BaTi apo' BoIo oBy i oi aHx pei'
6y oa e il>32'
Oeo, ai ipoo ya ai iooio aopiIi iopi poa' poalo o aooi 6opo6 p}y Poilo i a i aoi
aoy ooi. po aB Mye Boi pei. a
yPai iop poa }Ie aB) o}Iaooi oBy Te' poo.e.o6po ipolo aooi
aioaoi iopi, .oie .opo poioo
pyBa. ,6aao ai ue 6yo 'tt ao ipTT yp) ioi aioaoi ieo.

i xyo
ieaopai
yT
ye
Toe piooaiiyyBe,i6vt

Biopi _ tla oi, iiioax i opooBa}I

Ivt.,opo.aap ioiopai, poiy y oBo pi.i 1946i 1953poa pa.aioipi ya ia.oBttoep:Dayoi,oo3 ii po BeooBo.i,
BaBo,o i i ai ii
opi a ei33.
(pex. i Pa ii<.Pai>
6y poia:ep.
3a' Pa, 1949),<.Tapaeeoo(pe. Iop Caeo,
(pe. i.ira, Aa-Aa, t952)'
i, 1951)i <.fla6y>
oiuio ao B H ii i.eoopayo.,a
Po aoBaiyp y aii,
ei i <.6iopaii>
ypaii a aaiiepaypa.Ha i.iyi..oo.
>,i ooi po ii, <.o.,a
aJIio6paxa oy oiuiy a' i ia
iopvy poiy po poiooapIoo6paa.
Ha ie opooBpoi aoiaioiopaiypa32T cao, |8.
s Pet Knez, inm nd Soaiet Societ, 1917_195 (Camidg, UK'
1992)'pp. 29-240.

232

Poiou.Inepim i i umi

ioo <.6aaaii> .aoBxe 3aapia.oepe epi

<.Tapaaeea> 1926 poy (pe.epo api, oea ioy.i) 6a3a a i ypaiiauii io6paa
ooa aio i aooi eo. 1937 poy
Baralaca i oppeoIoi, a i
aioai. Hoa iodiopai Leea 6ya plII BI(po o' o oo ia ioyi pooaa i i.
oeap Ieo aaB po6ov ueapi 3a o-

ltepo ooe )I( Ca-eep6ypi ia epBary pti aopai )ITTpai y I opivi, a

oayaa oii c|<|1'
i oa a 6oiBaII poi peotoioepi3s.Bia Baatlpaa Caea pe)po i eapo, ioi a e
i. To ro aaB o api, y oy eo oaBaB peyi oi ai i oio poi pBoioepi, i a oa t949 po I-[
() .o3BoBCaeoi o36.
Ha vepe 1950 poy, o opaiya o6oop epoi aT iy, aai poT <<aioiy>
B
ei aHo ia. Toy oi yva o6oope}I e ppyaJIvlcoepix api pe i aa 6iroi yBa .oaooi 6opo6 a aiI(e yaoo <.ypyaooaioaiy>, ili ai
poo yaia. o iepaypoaBe Hoi-

il
!. B-.4v6o, Tapcl]]eoma oozepoi epai (i, 1967),
c.31_2.
5ILAo, 1,o.70,p.689,ap.1,4,i
9_10.
.
T'lallo,o.30, cp.177;P,
. 1992,ou.|, ' 129.

Iflu
i o7|u1u
Kielmozpicmu
Jlmb

2:|:|

pia, o )Ieao ai o i yoxa B oHo.

y opi i, i ip o)e i. Hap..3aopoi''.y.ope
a' xy.o)tl Ie apTtly
otl lvto- T aopoiB' a i, oo ao' oIIa Baa B i api oaa }Ie 3aopirx' io' apa oaa .o oo i
. i. (Ci, o.) I ai Baalo aopoli a flyar. (Cix.)>37. a P i Ba_
a Baea, yo oap a}Io i ia
pe)Iapi Caa. Toi Haapeo i pea.
oei Pye oBep}Iyc o paioi p. (i a oo ai.ay Caea aB e pe.
aa.i i y io yii iai.) oa o6oBope aio 6peyaHo' Haapeo i.aaa3, 06 oopiT aaIToBa iparyp p I C6y Ta ooa Aripoy [a o aa py pueiro a i. o6aIauIIIpae a 3B'3o Leea poi <<pBoiopaa,r>.C6, pi oo, i.aa opa eoi oi iry po eIroo ay.l
Ma3s. o6poee peei paie oipo
3a o:DI(eiopao oy oii, a a.,a
. o ei ir ooa pii Bepooi Pa PCP
Mxao pevya, peapi Ia Haapo a Ia Ci, iip yTyp o lli o.a o. 1 1950 poy e oi6pa pey i i apoo}IyBao,ai B.ooae}Ia pepo6. 3opa, py.
epeap pveo aoi 6a y pi oea
i aaH}I poi pBoi .'opaa.
epr peap eoB BaB: <.ai Jlovl'ara ieiei oei aoi 6ooi 6oi, aoo 6ooo
ov o lllea' o ai 6 apa6a ipa, [i
3?ILAO,. 1, o.30, p. 1850,ap. 11 (opiy)'13 (pu apii,.:PA, . 1992,o.
6pia
). oi opal\,t
|, . |24.
slAo, . 1,o.30,p.1850,ap. 18,2|,24,26,33(o6oop);
36-46 (iry). oi 6pia apii,.:PA, . 1992'
|25,.1-6, |4-17,
o.1,..

234

Poicou.Inepim i i umi

B oHo p6 po>39.a a , oii

ai
HaaaaoBe api o iey. eo oi,
o6
ii -opaito <.o ayaJIaTa a oy>,
o <ey6ea i oapIIIaCaia,. Haapeo,i..po.
o}IJBaBaTyIyBapo ooopeoioepa 3rya Cpaooo' o <.o.T,
o ypaio-a i.
i piraa ypaio-poiy' a Hapai oo.
a a L /Iai i IIlea, i iopvy ei>.
Ieoo u,oB
6ao it pi6 nonp",o*, i,
'*,',
Caeo pilye e ooaO.
Pep o.ia a ipy Mo. oa epei I4t|ii oBtI Be e
ooia Bo
pol{y aaTy 8(6) po <<po6oy>
a io,
iiia epea o Iaa oaoa, iipa *i.,"'"'opaii i oipeoi oco6 Caia. Bi i opaiya o o6oope <.Tapaalea> Moi. aao oBtI
y pI{apo 6 oBope aa}Ioo po
i y i, ae aao ya aia apHy cBaJI|II,a
i
pa 6ya opyoa l.
oa oa ppaa a e6 ioii a
i,
ypaii ieoo He 3. Poyiv ieppeaui
ypaioo N,rHyoo ppora'y pey6ia".'*
oi, Haapo oi oai 1b50 poy 3aaB
"'oraoa eepaa. Bi yepo pooyBa
o.ai.
3o po <.iopiloByy [ea piauia] po
Io Poii>, epa' tlzt.eo oi epii
iy oaao vapii ypaii ai i6apo "
y. orao iropya i ,aT pai. Toi oi
"y,ypaii tIo}I ipo o ooBoo
Peaopa peyiaoo iiepa ieaopaii b,u*apa eay. Bi oi lacaTl4capo
o ,u*"*oBa' aJIeoo epepaB .oayHa iip a, laB ypaioo peaBa' o <<a
Bepa}I,Po9I]o, 1,o.30,p.
1850,ap.55 (oii);p.2056,ap.11_13
.
(pveo)i 20 (eo).
p.2056,ap. 16-17 (Meo);p. 1850,ap.55_88
^-* ctJ|to'
(Haapeo).
.'
o.l, . |24,.44_72;
PAC, . 17,o.|32,,427,
l|'. 1992,
. 90_91.

imozpicmui ouullmb n'flJ.

2:|5

oo6o. Co,>.
pay opo6oo.)eo
Toi eaa o6co Bii poara., oB
fpore<.o6epeopyaaBBa)'o petly popayopoi Baoy ao
paBo>'6o apiepiuBo)eB:loa oIIIaoa42.

B ypaipi oo, o o oy:lo6ii'et

p
apia.
Cepe
aTBp)I(ei.eooi

6yo

oolo oB ue 6ya ppaapooaeea 3 ao tIo oBTaH'pooBapoix peoloioepipo e' opyllleea 3 Ha,i ea ypi.l ypaioooeTa pe.(ooi
oi apai 6yo.) epeao)loa o.Ti a ao>,
i a ira _ <<BlI,
o
a y iai i 6ie e 6yo Cpaoooa3.
ioioa pi 1950poy, e Ho'
.o.aTox
3 opaBa'_ 14 py 4l-piufl
Caeo oo.B
pe)IP
oep i iapy. opiy Haaia
api api,a Caeoiy.i Bolotloo.p)I(aooiyy iaopaii oiaopi6i e.
i 1950 poy o ypai iip ieaopaii I. aa oa ay ay epIoyepeapei
o: <.flooiaBa, o, 3a oioeiipa iaopaiiPP o. oraoa'oopoy*Tapao''i aBePIe
oiaoii
a ypo epe.
6y pe.ae
oi i ax
Ci i oo a6ei'pe.'
e 6e pae>a{.
o6i oooa 6 aTa
eep 6 pyoB' e aB,zL
peydiaipi, Bo oi oy pi po
aioao pai. Hoi i oy ap.
a eparrypaii ieoo po6oa ay
po6y a'IBoi paaa ieppeaiIea.o
eapia ari, pyi y aei
i2 IAo,
. 1,o. 30,p.2056'ap.26_31(Haapeoo oraoa)'32-33 (a).
{3PA, 17,o.|2,.427 90_91;P, . 1992'o.1,. 116'
.
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. 1-30;IIAO' . 1,o.30,p.1850,ap.90_100.
{{II/(AO, 1,o.24,cp.777ap,|0|,
.
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236

Poioutt.Inepim i i lumi

<,ec>>'
laBvlJIa,o po-eoii pao 6yo
aioitlo pyo' o oi I.LIeoopa Baoo i a opTaJlac oo aay' Haapeo epI
poop ioyBaT poya i -poe CyoBy' ae pei-pr paBy o6llla5.
Baa o,a:Lao.oa i <.Tapaa Leea>
ypaio poio oBa B py.i 1951 poy ooBy oilo B yypoy i pai. a6iilx ioTeapa ip aB po oToe )T' ayoi
3apolIIyyaT epe eaHa IeBeo3aIl,I
ei. ae BxBaJIi a6it yi, <.ip
oi cvll>'o o.a<.eHo6pa oea-6opu>. 6epei 1952 poy i opa Caiy pi eplxoo
ye _ ue ya epIaioa po6oa ioi ioi.,a o6ya apelity pa.yaopof6.
paioe oa,
op1, ..I.'*o.o <.apa
opilo paioi PP>, ""*'a6
ioapa
Ieeo>
ep:Ula iaoi i peyp pey6i' yeo)BIIIooai o it iopu
ii. oa
epe pi aioi iooii y epeparoaoy <.Tapai...>Paa paia He oa 3 o, ioio
Bpa iop i .oTpoxopivv peaoi pa..Pey6iai i.oopoyi' o i poo oaHoo epivv oiii oii a'i
BaaT ooi iii oa eoo, ye iioi i iy <.o.aeil,> I94I po*y. po'"
epepo6-<.
Tapaa llleea> e o3Bo .i,""pny'" o ii po6e. 1951 poy ia ioyi n,ny""a oa po6oy a io <.epeaa
o)IP?,n>,
Bo 3a poao P6aa' aJIe aapai (6) ulo iero o6oop zDy epei 1952 poy, iaBI po a6pao oria7.
6pei 1953 poy, o aIa6ie Hepo apoaB' ypaii }IoB po3aBo y IIIyaT
a'5
eon,20
py1951;IAo, . 1,o.30,p.2056,ap.2|-25.
a6Pd
19 py.l1951,.3; 26 py1951,.2;ime'ummo'
pamp zBem27
p1951,. 3; IABOB, . 2, o. 8, p. 9496,
ap.131(iioyiia 1951_1953
po).
{?IIAo, 1,o.30,p.2347,ap.18;p.3597,
.
ap.73.

ue
i outum
Kielmozpimu

2:|7

e oi6 ppo6 apoo <.o.aaetl.

o> B oopi ope opaBa. opiy pooyaB ai i: .o.aairi oa oi y ap,
oaa epay pay, aoBo 6 i aToo, ir a e poi .o oai. Ieooio p ueapi 6y oo y epei 1954
poy: opiuy pi ipe po Poii i o.ae,
i aiBaJI'o ypaii i aoo oay i pi Bo33'rtIaTklc ooi. Ha aepIIIi oi peaB pooy eoo a epeai
Pa.i, aI'lI B yTa eaa ai oa: <.H pil poJI
o6'.aai apo.pai ar 6pao oi epai - ei Poii. ...Ha oy Tov|i fl pai.
ari, a oy oio . Tep.o,ai>a8.
op i o6 ayi iopoi po' a i.o
paBB BBaII 1954 poy o e e oa.
iai pey6ia iiepo ieaopaii pyo o (6) poa.o3Bo lllB.y ao.)eHyepaiai .(epooi ' <.Hai pao>,iae ypaioy iaopay aai e 6ye o oaa.
po oHoaoo
o.a ii IIoB B|4cIIoB|4|4
po6a Bo o)Ipoia9.
3o oBoo <.o.aaoo> (poova a3a <.Bee6paepo>) ovac |ne epi 1954 poy,
i Bya}t poopiv. opiv arB
o Po poioo pex(ePa Baiipa poa' aTo.
pa areoiiopvoi oii <.PpI> (i,
1937_1938). po tI aIa1it i opo i, ope.
i e oo ia pei i aapte oo ir.
o ae.a Po. pa poa i i. ao
<.Tpapoi oy> o BotI 1956 poy, o oi.
ype T pai yo e oi e a' 3a
Caia50.
1sIUIA, .435,o.1,p.766,ap.1;rrp.
1846,ap'22-26;PA'
' 2329,o.|2, . 237,. 10,35-36, 115-16,|24-26;aa lAo'
. 1,o.30,p.3657,ap.|42,
a9Tcao,p.3656,ap.8.iioyiapiepaiyaa
.(epoy'y y 1956- 1957 poa(Tt,t'vo,ap.797),
50IIA, . 435,o. 1,p.2I7,ap.1'|5'23-25' 40_45.

238

Po1iouit.Inepima i i umi

ie oB.eHoi oi a'i apa oaaa io, e opay 6o oie, a y6ia

oo aai e aa:a. e 1953 poy Haapo .ooi.a oo epapei I{ 8(6) 3 poara yyp o oy' o py6ia op6 6ire oi <.oaa eoo> t94I poy. Ha i oi 6 e
o' a ypaioy poai 3Io i 54 oii, 24 }I y)e p. pai oBlI aoBB
250 o ois'. Haei yiy 1954 poy a iae Tpoopiv i 4009 pey6iax ioeapi i i
3823 epei iopo op o}Ipyapepap i 30
pa.'ii, oa <.o,ao
e>
i <.Tapaoeo>. oo Ba,aaoa oaToi 200 oi pllloo iy i 347 proo. pa <.Pa.a oia> Pa yeM BoTyvi y io a i i ap ai aIloo 3a iopiis2.Ta io <.oa e> 1941 poy oor}Ioooi peBa apioy ii oaoo Hyoo' a B)I
e ioiaJIapaHci iooii oa 50- poi.
Ha iiy i ioiypii, poo iopoo )apy
B Ti e axa i eoo epaBoo iayBa' Ta apii ieoo e o opoIoBa oe iopIIe ooTo yypy. B peyai paopi i
eoo peaBeyoo 6 a alarao ailxo.
paii o IIepIep.yypoi i
pey6i ooBa i ieooix o I946_t947
poi. aao Tepoy poii, peioaa apa popi Mioa <.oo Tapa Ieo api . . poa> (1947) ppao ipyaa o oiie 6ae _ ypaii a i poi <<ap 6pa>. Iri xyo)I( aiya eioa o6paa poi iopv ii aTaBa ypaii a6o pai oayBa ii i paiy. Cep
opi }Ia Teluay pi ai po6o: <.epo p5' IAo,
. 1,o.30,p.3268,ap.107.
52Io,
(1953);p.3633,ap.2_3,10. 1,o.30,p.2347,ap,18
11(195a);Pcocim,19
py1953,.2.

n|u
i ouuu]Lm
iemozpimu

239

r oi> (1947) . opopaBoBa'<..I. ao

a paii,> (1947) popi Cioo, <<opa
Leea a>(1949) apa Tpoea, <.ioaoi 6,>(1950) . apioa, <<aop i
Mao olo6 a opoi api> (1951) B. ea, <.ypa.e>(1953) epa apea, <..I. aoy .B.ea> (1953) Baca6al, <.[pyapIa
eopo y oi> (|954) . loaa. pai op a ao po.yyBai op a ely poioypaioi py6, epe , axio, iopai oe
yoi <.Iaopo epe i ia> (1949)'
yypa aapa Bpooo <.T.. IIIeo i . . pCpr ia <.yi
IeB>(1954), N{:III
<.T.
poPeB poix
.
Leo
pe
paii>,
yP ii> a <..I. ao y . B. a>
(i 1954)53.
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.'o) rIaJIpIo6pa:yaT <<opee>
oi aii. o t954 poy' o Cepi Aao a ai
3 ao. poopi o' . a Po.eopyBaBo
e aB:Dya
apy 4flao a>' to,,tl
paaT a ea,l iopii ao.BoHoo ia. Ca Aao opaB i opy pTy. a
H3 a oi 6 i epeo a BoI pap' oo apa e poBaa e poio-ypaioi
op>6,i pa e.oiaya fi <.6ioy>5a.
aBaTo3a aBy oopaBy y e Bo a.o.i oo pa po3poa epi xaa .(eprya po oBa}I eoo (1946), yol opeBca ipyai iop poai, opea <.Tapaay6> oo i <.paoi pa> P6aa. i a .,eaypaioo a oi y upi 1951 poy flepery api oBepy oi oai y pie oiuioo eTBa'aaBI'lIee ooo <.ep53Imopi
patcozotlumm' 6: 125-26;.peo, paiu
pDu?luonuc,8O
i 88; . . e , picpeucmemo1941-1960poi (\,1983)'. 96,112'i I40.
5impmplzema,17 vep 1954,c.4; tA, . 665' o. 1'
p. 167,ap.4,

240

Podicou.
Inpimi iumi

aapaa>( pooi oy.ooaCa Pri a

Biop Cao)55.
I oa apyTpopTaa a.
i i iyipaay,i"iayaaeaa'o.
e,epeafieperyai a ayoiaaii po <.aioaixoo> paii ypi.
Tpo 3oo'y o,rya 1951poi, ao eo,
ye3o6yi Caii pii 3a ap a pa.Hy eay'paBo MoyeT:le
ooo<.Hai oo, ai poi apo.o>.
Ha i BeIIei i ei api o6pareooo o.
oBoooa' o 3Bepa
.'oBToBooaoBy.
pell oopoy epeai.eo i a epeiao3a ooBi,ooop i oi,.eatlo BaBr
ii ypo o.a xop56.
oa pey6iaa eaioa' Btlo po.paoaa
io oBooeopaoootlyeaiy a' o
ipui apoipo6oa paittie iya eaai, HaIIaJIac
a aopa B^vI,B.a
I .oaooi
o. o apy BepIBB Moi, ypaii
p ay oi aoe<aipoIIIi>.Hoiii ooa ayDaa6aaoepoillli 6:y.o)}I
i ropy<<
peaB
i poooapoy>.a 'ii yoi1952poy Cepi pop'lraa.ya oi, o iop)oa o6paya
<.iop.pay'ae o.oypai e ap i e apa.>57.
ii 1953 poy aeTaCi .ori<.Pae
eBo>ai oydiyaaipoivo-pipt
po ea:
55IIJA'
. 196' o. 1, p. 26, p. 19; 3a oIye o6pae}looyBa paI, ccmo,} 4 (1954): 7i Bqna tlo6pumeozoucl(cma puco CCP: )Ituonuc,oanmp,?plua: Kmoz (ue,1951)' . 17; . ooo, [By],
Mutut opeeu,[epezc(oca, |954), c. Lg_22, 30_33.
56apy pIIIo:}rUI
a Boi xoxi ai y oi
pyi 1951 poy. (Peumemo'2py 1951,. i; 1 i

1952'.3).

51impp?olrm'31 i |952,c.4 (ipai);Peucmemo,

|4 py|952'c.2(ooa);IIA, .581,o. 1,
p.343,ap.9 (pop').

ieltamozpainu i ry olu|u JLmbu

241

Py6i, aJI':Ul'p[Ia'
Aa,apa'pi6eia _
B op!a o,}loo)zl:
Hapo oi a a.iaisE.
p Baea ypuea ia BHoBy' o
o e.y}eo6pe BBB iopisg.Bia 1953 poy a
io itoi aa6oi ap po o33' a Baa p a eTpy <. epaBy pay >.{perya, Pe i a
i Caoa oo oiuie opaJerroo iopvHoo aTy' o oo a.aipepoyay a apa' o6ea i aa y oip io.
Caii pi a)I:lpo tIoB' Ir{.,oBepule po6oa oo. ypai xy.o)Gli. .aie ooo Oeapa oo <.Hai Piroll{>
(1953) odparyao6ypy i aeHeepozlypaiopoiy a e, i Pai p epa o6opo; a eai api Biopa 3aopooo <.o.a laJIpIIarBoo a ToIIIa pIo
poo aa> (1954) ea oTaaB ,a; a ipa aPTrra Mxaa pa <.Iaoa a ioy...>(1954) opea a oB Hapooi ii po iv, o
poo.}a oo.oo oaa oxi.'6'.oyoa peadiiai
oai aH ypaioi iopoi a'i oyaa
y6>,
.(eperya eppo6 olly 3 ipaui.o <<Tapaa
(1952).
<.Tapa
oi
ia>
a
apIla
pyai
a

i
pepay
opB
yo-pai oap .'o
ypaioo
Boo oiey epi rpaBlop <Boa ia
Irapoy 1648_1654 poi> (1954)' o Ii aa Haa-yBaa.e.
_ <oPeryoB epi 1946 poy. oo lr{ao epii
_
.B poo i epeevoM> poaBB poi B pei i e 6aHi i Hy3i3o62.
58Pace
14i 1953,. 4.
ummo,
59T calo,2S6epe1953,. 3.
ll.Ao,. 1,o.70,p.2247,ap.93,
140;rU[A' . 119'o. 1'
i |954'c. |.
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p.168,ap.1;impmp|
6' IIAM, . 581,o. 1, p. 440, ap. 6-9; P,e
ucmm
9up|954,c.2.
62e,pipacrc
ucmemo'|00;Inopi pio2oilucmm6:229_0,
16- &79

242

Poi ollu. Inepi m i gi umi

Ha oa 1954 poy oo eo pya

o api ap}I <.Hai oo>. yyv ooo Ci y.o)rIi,i BopaB ByBa poopisv, o6 e Boe oye:rHeooo B ao.
3i 6y yo otli: yo <<epeoy>
oP epoaxi e o ai 3oooo IIIBa'Po oop e aIvlpaBpI, at|a pelloy ai oa'Bapoo oap axii. oa ipearoay ap}ry
e BD:l aoi opa:e peaoi Pa i
e oiyaJIIHa pii, aa a6ea i rpo oa i a BTya. pi oo, eo oi Byy
orio i apo aao 50 . tyffi.3a aoaH oBi I{ oopoBy ppo.yi ooa i.
<.[opiipaioi PCP>' op ayBae iooo
y.o(rraBac aia, oo iav' o apa <<e
op:l./Iaaoi oi, o6 ii o iopi [.r
<.Iopii>]>.
o
Pao it ooa iop ooa
eoa pooa opyBaJlaca ii ai
flepaoy yi paioo ea i. B apxia
6pea tla iryi a BaBy' i oa .i 3a ailoai vopo' peIaiao otr}y p
po Io iopvoo }Iapy.Cepe v ieo.
oio pa}I ai (6aao x iao oiio
opaioa pya' opea opi a o.ai)oa a opiaHi y op iiyai. aao,
apa, e o.oao' apa' 3a oBa
o.tlooiiyava' <BrJIiUa
pae a Pepollyi>. I aoi ia: <.6ire.B a a'
6ir ei ooa Ba>. apa oio i oioa 3ail' o <.iopiaptl' a x o6pae
oa e, 6aao Bp:l6, 6aoa y
oe poie>. [o iiya epo6ip
io aa po6o xa ioooo aB aa' 6opc oo o6 e aaBaJIBeo.
63IAo, 1,o.30,p.3599,ap.78_80;p.3634,
ap.11;p.3643,
.
_72'
ap.|t2; Bcma
uo6poumeb'rozo
ucnqn,37
HAII, o.1,p.550,ap.21.

,243

Icmopi onepi

o aiotl:LHoo po: upo o )ITa 6aao oBop II()l)il-

io? Bpa oe yp, x y6a 6oa.oi i.rti y iopii>.HoiTpo ipv apy pea
<iaoa a ioy...>ia iiyaiaa,o
aBopaB ei yIy65.
poalopooa }Ie3ae
e a:it
pai ope iyaa6 o a,o .i-aa
aBaooIoBaa opyi pe,io xvI-xVIII
oi, oai oppeTtiopvi l*laIITeea,a
ao)lopeBoiiiopi ooa,i paie B-a,iut_ <.ii 3aopil> (1901,a iooiioli.B
oIoopi 1910i 1916)oi pauooa <(oopo
oBop
io> (1900) oeapa yparua.Bai
py i3 e}Ipa.po6oaa 3 pai.
ao
oi lII'oo6o aioa|1!1!'aa
i
ioy
aiuaa
Baa
po6aBilBya.
,taryi
ao
yHoopoBypai, a
*"*'pa'uif, y o6paleiaioaooHoo.Biea
, op,o,ouioy iopuoyBoi paia aioiooiep6ya o,a i 6ipoBo,B,aa
'-ina
aapaoiypaioiiopvoia'i.
IopiB opi
yiay
ap oi iopoioep.,aBa
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o
aie
o
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oi
y i pauioaiy ei yao e o aiooi iopii. 3 i p poi a.ai Moi, i
i iaaie ypaioi apiooiiopoioIIP'
papaiu paiyapiaaJIa6
tlooiopvooyoo,I poa.poiHoaoa <.Iaayaiau tgg poy. ia po6 epepod
o.oypaiy ayiop.ryoepy <.Tapa
y,o6a" (rbo) i,I"*on, a e npyaTy, 6.6
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2,7,i |9 (po).
46(ioo);
uoo);
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244

Poi cotu.Inpi m ai i umi

pai 1948 ply peBaia ea6apoo oB a ayypaiooTeBaaypai

oi IIoaBT plllop aBa Bope

paIroi ypaioi iopoi oep. peo, o B
yoBa lIiooo yy <.poiooTapuloo 6paa>
ypai ie6irue}lT i.aeBo33' a Poi ia epeBay oBo opoi, a He epoi epii aHoo <.Tapaa6>, iy 6yo poioi.ooo oi. 3aa ii ai opiy io
3 py)I(oBaolo Baeolo aa iptoae i6peo. i6peo rpTyao a opiyoi 'ri, a aooIyBaoaaypaii o33' . a poia. B i pea oioa' o ooop o laev par a yo.o oep67.
paii ieoo epeBop <.o.aae.
oo> a.ep)aBy paBy. II{oo o.eflaev 27 ci 1950 poy aBpI plll api ' i eepaya po e ar Bo epeap - pveoi Haaptly. Bx 15 oo a:}eoio' o epIIIpoyoyBa pey6iaoy oiei y paa TB
poto io. epi {aev pea oao.
y epi y68.
<.o,ae> _ Bea iopa oepa' a
ap. aa Io itl 3 pai aioo y3oo eaTpy opivv. py a oop oax' oa ooploaa opy paay pTyPy poi iai.opoeoep I opi. oepa
i"lapi yi a: iai o ea oooo oa By:lo i <.Ca> <.IaaCyaia>.
Ce poopTaB a i oao-ooi i i ap-

Inopi onepi

'245

IyBaB Bepa.o tlap poa aya (;l

II a aTo Bo' a). I ypaia pea' i piIi puii oi iy pe' p y <.oaaeoo> ii 1951 po pi69.
i a ooBoi ea ypaioo eBa B
epi 1951 poy i oep eaTp op pa oeoo> oi yio BTaBB <.o.aa
BoBa ia ayBzDe
Illoy api70.oa <.paa'>
.'oop' a' a yy a3' o6paa oy IlIy
eoaTo Bopo)oi e ia ooi 6aoi 71.
Ha ep o.o)e aTc'o e oTap Ie o.o i pop iry po aao B.ulypo6oy. oa a xi, y ia aT <.pai><.poi.eooi BpIt iepaypi> (2 ), yi po6ea
paii ypi pao t|aaJIi.ooioo aaptItI. o i.ooi ay paii i oaB20 fiHBl,lcTIIa3 oBolo o TaIo
, <.paa,>
..o.al<i|,',>'Hai oi
<.po opy
ara
apioi pe e aa op aioaio i e 6paa>.AoiaaB pae oa:}apoioo <<apIoo
yy y
oep'
peauioi
ia
ai
aop
opa:ei
B:
Bopo
ia
y iai, :repya
a) o' tlar pilrqa po a' opay
6 i i ole72.
Caeei pi6'oi ai, ypaii oB ai polp py oep' ieppeylo ooi la; B oy ei, o <.o.ae> oao poaB iop poio-paiy py:6y?3. i ByBae iopa: oo y pei
ypai ieooi Ta iopuoi a'i i aioaoi io' o fi iBa oepei e69Pacilucmmo'31 i 1951,. L; impmpaz3em'8 , 3 3 6 ,. 1 3 ;o.3 ,. 2 3 0 6 '. 6 .
o o 1951,.3; P A , . 9 6 2 , or.2,2
?0ILAO,
ap.3-85;
rrp.
2428,
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ma oli 15-24 uptt 1951 p.: 36ip ampili (vfi, |95).
1| pa,16vep 1 9 5 1 ,. 1 .
72Ta clto,2O lr 1951,. 3-4.
73impmpa ?llrm'26 1951, . 4; IAo' . 1, o. 30, p.
2424,ap.13-14;o. 1,p.976,ap. |2,18-20,227-229.

246

Poi cou. Inepi m i i.ltul

i9y pei ei
iooioo
opo 3aiipaii.
.(o iv 1952 poy opii Baaio-

Bao ipeo,ae ia ea}I

o6opey ii ei,Aaeii ay,oiei y.np""u*
".'"'"
a Cii ooTopiii6paii, ia oe
3 x 3a-

Bplllyilo Ta pi ptl iryi Ta

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epr6[ii _ paa oa oai i p:i""" ,upoy i pl'lo o ai. e oa oBa BaBa _ pya
a pyoi ii _ oayBa oy IIIy,a IoIyaa oi vopi a' i oai i a Iypyooi
op-

ui.Haperi,a ei,coia,a oi i
eBePa
odpryaa
epaBy
pay1654poy ao-

eo ioptloo3'3yypaii i poi apo7o.

p.li iry po plIIapi ipeo aiy, ai ooao peydiai
ioep i
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yay ooy py.
3opea, aapai (6) aaaite,:UIa 6pa oolvrory
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peyaipo6oaa<.
o'ao>ava. i <.Iopipaioi PP>, iaapea
aijiopvoi a'i }IaoeCiooi .""p, y
6pei1953poy 6y eaepItl.
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Ionopi onpi

,247

' aai aiolvly yTypoy Poei. 11 lo 1950 poy o Bo Pa.o Co pa}IBJI

iy 'oy aB y ei aoi oep Ceea yaa-Apooo <,3aopoe a .(yae> (1863).
oa oio eiy i pai poBiDI l .oivy oepy i ypaio' yT popatl yo
oi oyo ia iooi pe. oepa pooia po oai, i a ypey popi a.(ya,
ol 1775 po apia II aaa pyya 3aopoy Ci. i ir i poa po, i apai
ooi toei, y iai yarroBor oaa oBepy oo., ooB }IoHii eea.
<<aeyiopi>. Mao oo, <.6ypaiop> ooapo' op .oep yaa-Apooo
iop.ry peai>' ol(pea
aa ior, <<oBop
o6pa oai yaoB aa' a oo epo Ia apa Ia y Hoo pBaBo epeoo oai a apaya, i eav|BoBBIpe.aya 6pai a6ai. a 6it,i6peo opeo ola3y yaa Beoylll paeellt' pH ,o oai, a <apaB.ioa 3o opy a aitly aB. BpyaHIo poioo oa Typevi>.
Bo ao}' o o paHa }Iypa 1948 poy a6opoa poie i6peo <.3aopoa .(ya>, ia, apia oea op i ai opoyB po oproay epi apoo ypaioo y' a6y,
aio 6ropopaoi o77.
Tao y oi 1951 po MooIol\dyy3Hoy Teapi i. . . Caiaoo i B. I. Hipoiva.{aea il6ac pe'pa <.3aopoa [a '> <.
oBoy poio pai . oa>' y epey i B:l aapai B(). a paya tloBy epi, o ii ioya <<aooi iop
oyi>78. .I|'eai aai tlooo poioo i6peo, 3a p ii eypa.ooay6iya
i a B yol\{y CPCP, Bay yeBe pearya i
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248

Poiou.Inepim i i umi

epeyBa}I.paii o iiei Iaya <.3aopo)a ,a> ply aioa oepy,

Pcfl' 1949 poy aB po <<Boapio,
Ilpoy Op i epoi.o oTaoi o>. oa IoB aaB o eppoy poo <<apoolo
yo oilo>. Bi yi raBoo epo' ap pooa, i6
o6 iiT oBy oTBtI po - poioo oa'
ia api <.oa oo6o)I(e>.
o o i6peo Io aepo po.aBa a ypi i pyB oai apia a Bo ) ooai iPii. o6 opa ip yaa-Apooo, i oa
aort( ia aoypil ypai apo ie}I o.aoiapii7g.
<.Hapo.aya oi> yio ira oi a
3 ooBolo po' :D o oy 3 TaB i a oi
o y ii 1953 po e iiaHaapeo. o6ype
ea i eao aaB o
pai ieoo IaJIII]IIIB
P.
Baa,
a
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<<y)e.aa
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ai op i pa. aBe
peIIee}I
poii oepi _ BaB <.IaCyai>, <.9pi oyo> a <.oBaa> oroy eapi. Booa
Ba ala iya.Bopi pi <.3aopo) a flya> _ ypaio B paii a iar api poio Poii - pyT. Bo apooyB Bop iy oii, a poT a,apilo i ipo80.oa itya apia ci aoi oi.
ii ao. ep. ii yoi epi ioi op a o.'Holuy
ai.,aaa <<p
po e' o
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Bai ooo oaoolo <.3aopoa !ae>, i e 8l.
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Imopi onepi

'249

Haapeoi oaii ayoyT a yary. Bi ao aB a p pii 3i, o i ypaii aTp po6 oep i6po yui. epei Tp.Tpoi,
o Haapo 6y epeape 3 poara apio.
y o6oi apii, Ia Kapa y ai ieoo Tapy poaB arpiy II i ooia 3a Haa pyya 3aopoy Ci,r. i a ea,ypaioo Ba
oi 1936 poy apa y eTai ao ay)yBa
3aopooi Cii>, ae o e apooia' <<oe
. io, iei peIi e 6yo oprillaoy i6peo, i ii
tllBo p6pa 3 T i pa6iiauii poioi ipoi pa,uiiapii p82.Hai oBoey ypai <.opiay pi> a i a po pe.arya'
po o Haapeo e i e 3a. Ir oa' eypaioi yyppeTap axa e a <<aBei>
oi a' tloe paBo ie i.eooi,oeiB
ay.
i ai pearya <(olo>
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oii
peo, o
Bolty <.3aopo 3a ,yar> aia opoio.
oo ap i. . C. CaiaBoo i
epilo oep' y
B. I. Heipoia-.(aea TaBB <<IIo>
i poi oo B3Bo oai, ypaii, eap
ppyaJII4cpauioo ,ey' e po6 ya.
P, op 6y e iepayp oyaTo
ioi oep' po6 i i i i6po: r
ay po apayi i oa ooo eio.oo epo,
o83.
aa ' o oal opa IIvIcTvI3
aa a ioy iii i ypai i po.
i apia' Te' lPl 1951 poy o 6y Haa epaiaii <.3aopo)Ia.(a> a
o i yii ioyii, o aa .o}Ipy,aTc
a Pa.oo Coy, i 6yo pepo6 epoie.
ova poi oo a ei e 3'B' yBepTlopy ypoBo.)yaooe: <.Poyi' o Poi ipa o oai, i o aopoi oylo o pooo Byy' ype ya ye 6y oo i oBps2.I['.:
Ykelhyk,Dihtatand Dialoguin stalinistCultu,616-617.
s3Il/(A' . 573'o.4, p.17,ap.|7
'25.

250

Poi o.llu.Inepi ma ai i umi

a paiy>. oy apii Ia apa i. a epoi

oB a ei aa: <.Be pia opoa' oi, ooi
ip, ooi poi _ i , i ooi , o o)e 6 ypo
i o paoi oi ocTrII>.
(3a ipoi, pa n"p" i.to
iooio B",Bo peiolo apa ap}B a )ae oiixt apy opi.) ao oo, ai ya o.ooai B3}IaBa:<.Heoi pa oi ai.
oyoo ,a}Ia Bo aT>.ia ioy,i ya i yiy 1953 poy, opoBlll pe epi oypoi oep _ tlil i6p ioi i ooioi -

a8a.

a'a po a6e BTyBapoopiv

o33' . a'3aaoa}IaoaTo1954poy, ypaia
BaaoopyBaaapoiy oaBoy epilo
<.o.aa
eoo>.(ava.27 epect!)s poy
i op Teapip o eo ui oep
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a .oIIe>
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Hayi 6ypi ya poooi pivi epeaoipa Bep.
ie op aoi paoiypaioi yyp". api, oe i ai (o)opi eap
BkIca.I<.oaa oo>

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ip yio - aei 1954 poy. pai ia opa

iao o a ypaiy ea.y,e oaaa <.o.aa
eoo> i 6ypi oes6.10 pa paIle
eeae TpaIoBilo opy B poy epi oto.
o apy. yoy aBopoy oi flae a'IB'
IJIOlI pia oBT <<oyT
dpaepoi 6oi i
oi oi> poioy apoi. b.,epy o.opaoBo oiro paIoEUIo Beooy ypaioy paio Ta ByTIa paoo aia. o Tul,o, 1106,o. 1,p.22, ap.la,
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24;o.^30,
p.3632,ap.20_22;
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p.19,ap.|_2;p.20,ap'|_7,25.

Imopi onpi

251

Boy oepi ao poxopi poByao aITp apii

3 TBopy.I[aea'a a ooTop opaB aHH apo}Iooapa CPCP87.
aro peopyBa tsrIB
3a pao ai .}lpeJl
iopoi op a {ay aioay a'. .(e
patl ypairui o6ya a Baax <.o.aa
Xeoo> i io y oepy o paio. oa 1954
e
poy io e oyBa aui' otl <<poy)>
opeotlpoy
ap
1954
yyp poy. ii
eT ypaioi irpaoi ae <.Ho I>pea3a p:DeT' o o6ya y Pai paii. 3aixi
..o.aHe'', o e
rta 'ey
oBa' <<T
eep ii opi, pe6a 6pa }Iaep3a p-op
i. y6ia 6po ear y.oBypai eopa i oa, ioi paiui ooo ia oai panop". I i pao' a aopoi, a yy api o.{eoy 3 aax
aIIapo o6xii,.Bo33' . a''>EE.
iopai a:D Balcoao Ba)' a6 oi.o oo y Co' oie PP, oiyapoe iri ep B'3a 3 aoPo oB'Halr,t8g,
a ip(ylo iopaui eipaoi a. a p}Ii apii oye i ooay epioy, ola 3 a aI{ yio i BtIoBy' o oepa <o.a
il,> 6a oypHa a oy' o BlIoBiLIIa
ieIo oy poi ypai.
oa api o.aoi oa fi evyaoi oyp}Io. Biooi po iiyaIl ioo oepoo a> 6 a6opy aiy' o <.o.,a
aopo y6i: oo eoy oepa poa eapi
36 pai, poa}Io6o 52 768 i, o6o epe.Iloa
u,i'auy 6pa',oc 1 466 ai. Too aoo oIIy eap 8
pai oaa3 <.oiiy>poiy apioIly oepy <.Ia

Hou,
|5 i1954'.4.
s9AP, . 6646'o. 1,.356,. 14_|8.

252

Poiolu.Inpi ma i i lmi

Calli>, a ipaa 6950 ai (y ep/(,Iloll,l

869 a Bay); 7 pai <.opiaoylloa> _ aaHaaopi 7 183
;lai (1 026 y epeoy) i 9 pai <.apell>_ a.UIa
aopi 9 894 .lraui( pe,r(Iloy1 099)90.3aaa aa i pa.}IeaTpa 1954 poy i, o
7 oep api (i i 6 t o6a _ yi ypaii) a <.oaaeOo> 129 pai, ii
Ita;liii;r|36 I23l ai, B epeoy 1 055. oa pia aIIa opa yoy Pa.o.v Coi lte
i6pa oo poy aoi pltoi aopii. <.IalrCyalri>,
io yi eJI oP eaTpa'i a(lc: t5 eapi, 126 ca i |28 276 .ai (1 01s y eproy). <. ri Ori>, <.flioaaa>a ia aa 3a.
JIvl|II|4lc
aJIo oa.y.oep a pa eay, a
a aait,_ <.ooaap.i>i ea (a 6i.
o e) ip ypaioo oooa) - aa ai up: 9
pi, 87 oao, 49 980 ai (57 4 epeo)gt.
L{ aa epoIo.oBO,o <./ae > opyBa paii e6aeo oypi.
a, i ai opya pailloi apiooi op' a i yavi oBoo ayoo Bo.
py po poio-ypaiy py6y <.opalliyBzla>
Baa'
:lIaeip. Ae xa o 6ya paa I\{a'
y 'ei po <.o.atr
e> a ca pitoaioa.o ioptlo oepo. Haeo i a.
a.eoi poarao iei, .3 /lpaaoi ppeclIaii MIIyoo aii oII3}Ioori apai aoBttB B;Dy iry yTypII iaa aioa<li a'i. ova <lepapoJlaa <<apIo.
o paa>,Boa ao) oBeyBa epoi oae N.rHy.
e i i 6ai i ioerloo oeoe.Ta
<oa eIl> .aBaypaioy yai i.aoooO)e}ti all,tIIpa.
Cia xao po, aetl pv iry90PA,
,2329, o. 3, . 168,. 35o6. Ti"rlpatli oep pa.
p a o a - <Toa> .aoo yii _ lo6a peop. eP iiyai <.oaaeoo>:i.lta op llii
ollp B i i6pa2959 ai.
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Icmopi onpi

25:|

opa) }l aa, IIaaB p.

a po <<ae>>
BoBI}
.'oo opylBoo capylItoy, y o
iy aIIo llo iopIloi iJIoT. puro y
a aoi oi,.llio iopi poa po
[toJIoBIt
o6y, ao oy ai BB)I(il
Boo apo.,y'B
*o.o ,'a ui. Cia yBaraB ee <<tlo
y
poi oiu e po plliB' o iir ivi i pi ,'o6a.,,'" .uo aiiy io i ao>92.
o6Cxo oBa to.llpi ia olt ioi
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JIacTII|I4caJIvI1954py opi.roi, o oo ' a
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i a i apo, :i i 6opoi i,o oro
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a}IIIepoi pepeI{TaiaIIioaoo rryoo iaryBaa np,nu'o"y i, ao.oBay oiuii
a'i, _ i popoioi <lp6>.

IJ.po ylleHo,6o,aioipPAH' 5, o. 17,E,,1145,.85-86.

ai, Bo o6a
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NLa > B y -

ypi ayui. oa eoipe6iai aia'o a Ci oi

iopio oi iooiy ai paii. pai

1952 poy ep epeap eo oioB ea
(6): <,74i oo poy a i o. opoveo
p oBap[I Cai. i a 6ecil,a pBaa are
oTp o, o Biapioou y6iuo i*uu'". cTao pooBo' ioo ooapTa i yyoo
yia a paii>. epi ypaioi oapiii ooi po aBep.e Cai a oBooi i6yo
pai, a oai oB aIxB aai: <..(oao
ia ToBapIII Cai ao i.eooioi po6o a
paii i o.yy,o y y a paB eapa>l.
MeoB e yToB' Cai aBa po6e, i
BaIo oo aeoor. oa oya pyT'
o Be}Ia<.6aoapoi> poyi: oo oi e
3o Top pa.yypaiy iopy a', 3oi ope i epa.oi ypaioi iopvoi a'i.
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255

o<o, Cai to po o6ei i.eooilltltl

opoIo.ep)aBa iopioa i oy po ieB oi a ieirii y Bopi ovy aiooi . o oo e apo.i.o, i y B.oBoeo.'oi6i ypaioi y6i 6ipepepe.aroaie yp, ieppeyoo <<a>
lo i epoii apa ioo aioaoo oo. Poi i i aillt eali 6il o <(apyBa, o aT :la o poioi aioaoi io1'>2,a ao pai ypaii epia oyT eioi i.o,opoBa a ai ypaiiauii.
.o oai.i PP ipylo ieooi16 <<pyx6
apoi>,Caioi a/IIa io e e pii aioai iopii pa.tlapoi .oioo aea.
pe, e oa:}aoB oepei poia, oi opoBa poyi apio iopoi a'i
paii. A i o 6y ipTv|Nlv:
ieppai
ie ieeya a 'poaro'o otlyao o
o io aai po <.ypaiooaioaiy>. Q'1xi po yiioaoi a'i iaya o a,
o iopi pepeeaii yoo, a a o i.aa iopvy i pa. apoi, io e apBil ei iii epoi. 3pero, epevoi
aioi oi a'i o eBay opya 6aaoaioaoo Paoo Coy .oi, ooeoi io.

To
oaai
Cai oep5 pe1953po,ae aie aIll:lpIc Iltl IIaBei 1954

i oi

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poy' o pa.a
a.a e6apoaoi.'aaa poxopivvepeaoio. oa epBo)
i ayi oii epeTaoB pei i IIocvt.JIIvI
aypa.lly6popayeeei. pi
t953 poy BepoBeepiopaoyioo: roi
2 Bandneget,Nationl Boheoisn,247.

oa-

256

Enioz

pooapi paaaa 18 i, ii pi paii Poii o:lBIoBap36pa vay

ioyaBIoaoi.ao Too'pe.a
3 }Ie
BIraJIa
o6p ao ypooei apai.op.
a.oo oo i o eprepapo.
apii pai oi peo ooi, apei, po
po6eypyo. Bia oiia aJIa pi oioNIvlJIa'
o paepiBo<.iryyo
a poa
api,pai poaopaiai>epe
ypooi i apae1954poy3.
xoi ox poa ypaii apii pi IIIB.oaep.pooii oa ia
a'iB a poB i.ooiiao a i.ae
poopia.
oa )o.e
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1954poy (a apa.i
9 i 'Tec|4)
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pai Poito(t654_I954),>.
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a P y Moi, paii iopao<.Te>
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yyp I{ paoi pauii oopa pyoa,I 6ia Api oaa oop.yBa
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a apaiopaiauiiyii iac cfiexoay,
ypaioy iopoi, iiaBa pioi poii Ta poaoii5.
oaoa i 21 pe 1953 poy o6o'yaa
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one miecmo

257

(aiiva,epia,apaoy,iy, Ciopoa,Tioaepi.Bia i
ipoa),IiaioyaoeP.i
aB iay epi T' oyyi ooB a oi Pyte'oooBiiy ay yp i otIIHiypai eooio.xoa pa.B ao)i Haapo,opiuyo a ypaioero Pya Ceao epoeo6.'oo i 1954
poy oTaoyepi oapyoy, ae i oo pipIty, i oii, aiai ypaioy oipy, ea
oio.oai api pavo6e
o Barl(
i poya y I{7.
<.Te>
e aa ypai ieooai ieeyII,e oye paIe
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a pai.ei.
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Poiolo ipilo. oeyBaaexi ypaii o iepii oxa 6yo,i oitii op po6 PAH,

. 5, o. 30, . 9, . 55 (oaoa). i BI{apyoBao

pooi A.6iruooa apix )pa,a 3 ypayaI\,t
pi Baooaa. Bi 1961po ax o p 1993po i
paBaB lyi iopii AH PP, yl,I 1989 poy puro ooII,rayo IIipo6io. Api Bao 6 illtc
ora' :ep3opo ' poi i
oa,alr{
3 ll{oo.ru
oi oo poo.ltoie 3a 6ya pao. Ce Beo
iya xoao 1988 poy i oy6iya oi iveIIpo
iopi <T>,:lBp)ya'o Cyo opyB oay ioy oyl{e y ep/ti1952 poy' a ia pi ya ooa
ep.'i
1953.o.(Velyhnko, Shping Idntit' 59). Apii api,
oyi oi Beoi, e iplyTae .aya.
? PAH,
. 5, o. 30, . 52, . |_29; tAo' . 1, o. 30, llp. 3642,
ap.35_70.
8poa iill paBoaB:DB'o <Tea><ai..ao'' xpaep iopii aool;ypai i poi apo opaxo i ilto,a ai, Ioa,a
i aoopo ai>(The SeondSooiet Republi,205).
17- &79

258

Enioz

IIIep)a po>, o i.i ooii oa peBy pauyi v iiig.

a lpra' y ooa, Ioa' yaoa o i

paii opaiya 6iv i a ..Tei >'o.
Tao Baa oepe.aa Byy pioaix
a' ai, epe i yeipa eai i o6paxepaiu Pocie (165a_195app.)
''-"1u npo 300-piu,ttg!
(i,1954)'. 39,74_75,
|0|-Io2.
|0pa,|2 ci|954'c.3;
P
rcpt,
12 ci1954,.3; 14i 1954'. 1;15i1954,. 1;I19, . t, on.30,p.3600,;p;.l.

ne
oni
cmo

25{)

ypaiu poia,i a i peioii paTepaJIH

<.Hai3 Bpoi aypaipoi 3a ooIIIoo
y
ia
Poo>.
oo 6paa,a ee oo i o-aioa i
Py.o oo o.ey ra oTpoi pe}ITypayopi,aoiypaieupauio
6paB <(tlopaivy>
BlIIaHy.(Ha oaipaeooa )I(ypay<.pia>
a |954 pi xoaipaypaiu
poia
a

oo
i
ai pai,
iIpaxapoi.)Ha opooyoi eai yo paipyaoepeaBypay. iaeap3aaJlac
paioipii o oe.
io ai,a
.( pooi y6i ,vIIlc"JIvI2
y opa:ipeiBaBe)a'paopPa'oiPoii
a Pa.oipai o <.300>.
,c ao)leii
N{ap
3
apTo
ii
fiepeya <peaBa
paa>,opeooaaooa a'tloeIvray
B itl.
!6 eBH' o poi poa.aa'a
poopio33' . a'ypaii i.ooopaiya.
Byaooepeiypoyuii,y :lPoaBay
a'aooiyaoi opae
y i, pe a Hay<.300poi>..'o
oo epei
Bo.ai oiaipee' ioi 6ap
rooiivi opo(200 . r)'aox(250 .),
ooii Iape(200 .), ap ap <.3aopoi'>
(2 . ao), 6oa ,JIBHa3 ao <.Bo'e.a>
(27 c. a). paii
aoco6e o <.peae>
6poapipopo6 i o eitlo.'o
i,opoBIo<.iopi>
a.'-o ei pt2.
_ 18 i 1954poy _ e a oBaloiea.aa
HaHaoi aoa.oa 17 i Ba.,
ll PA,
.2329'o.4, ,.245'252;lABo' . 2, o. 8, p.98882'
ap.96_101,205;IAo, . 1, o. 30,p.3605'3606;3620(a);
p.
o.24,p.3504,ap.37_38;o. 30,p.3607,ap. 1-5 (ao);
ap).
3621'ap.6 (oroi
', IIABOB, . 2, o. 8, p. |0237'p.65_85;II/(AO,. 1' o. 30'
P
pia,5oo|954,c.2
p.3601,ap.15-37(epi);
::"*'

260

Enioz

ooopo epeeya
ia poypi eI1,
a a'-oioi
o6aa eI(y.
Byu apora Moi aa Byeoo.
19 ooPP pffiyaa
paii opoo
oapyo_ p o6a.oa p 6y iopoaa' a eio poi, oa aa a aiai
peii Bepooi P CPCP' a aTepap.ay,
a, o <.iiooapi yypi ' i paio i po apo
{e.aBHy>.
ii i
oi il6c povi ai.aypaioi i oIooi Aa.iay, a BIil i pooBpo iTop}Iyypaio-poiypy>6y.a eBePoo i Moi poroe ypai op,a
6_ 16pa illvtc ea
ypaioi p oi
a poioi p ril3.
Cya yo ao apii pa 1954
poy. fla pyoo pa y i ipa ypo.
a ei Bpooi Pa PCP, a i 6 pcieeraii i yi papey6ii oooey.epr
epappveo BooBoBry pooBy' poBa
iei <.Te>.
Coi opaiaui_ i ooooapaeTy.oyxooi- aiaypaioyapooiiai epata..a
peTooTpaB i, apoi, oi,Ceaooi,oei a epeai.eoy
i6cioi ii apa,a evepi:lBa
20 apa. i peao poo 6o 500 .
e,aaoo aiotl:loa.ooa ooooopay oaaa Byapy <.paapa,a>,
ooBaya BaTilIii.oa oo (ol eepi Coia oa) 6a p|3Pc
pi,77i|954,c.1 (peya);
25 i
1954(oep);
AP, ,752,o.57,.
963,. 1-3;o.58,.19,.2_2|
( p); 106I
ayIececcI'
IIoeI
300-eooe-

cmecmicemo

261

paIa iao oilo ooi ap <.Hai

oo>l5.
Ha iae ie Poi paia o6i cvIvloi apya' opea apTa a iopi Te,
aTya'Ba3a'yIlypa'a a a6oa.
oi ypai oapyi <.Hai oo>
a, o6e a o <.peaoi pa> flepeya, e}Ii ra a 3 opTpea eoo
a oi oaoi ooBoi ya. (Ha.o.'aToypaia Baa peeyBaa oii 6a iiao pa.tIapIaai epaa.) Co i i ai o
uai p.,rT' eiop, aioo i aepa. Poi
i.oia BoaHIl looa, 6aao oo6e
Iaya' ypa, a a ao ioa
ya pa. Ii py6i e) peey:l
oapyI( i Poii, paii. i ya iopvi ei oi i lc a eoya i oap _
poaTy yir iopoi lIItIo paoi oepoT' a i6o aa Boiya ai oo o VI[
opivl6.
B oai pai i yBa epe}Io Mo.
. .a e'oo paB ipa ypoa i
Bpooi Pa PPCP, a Hayoo H Ha pai ooi i6y3gg io api ia.eoHpai17.
oi ypooi oa poopi ttoBoo oioo ipy: Pa Co ypIeoiuio BTyBa
i ap epopi a6i a epaoy pii. BiaaH.p)6 apoi i poioo epaH olIIpBaoc Ha aee My, poopi BaoBa.
o apa.y a'i, oeio aTooy o iIx Hapo.
i CPCP i o pa aopotl aeii. po oi aia' oep eii oi.o 6oapa' 15Beuipiui'24pa|954,c.1,3;20paB1954'.3;lAo' . 1'
o.30,p.3600,ap.58-59;p.3636'ap.6_7.
ap.1-48
|04-|||;o.30,cp.3622,
'6IAo, . 1,o.16,p.74,ap.
(oapyi pai); p. 3623,ap. 1_19 (oapypaii);
ummo,9
p.3601,ap.87_90;p.3641,ap.138_139iPe
ulrm'
1 1954'. 1 (yei).
p1954,. |;impmpa
17p,30
pa|954,c. |_2;3|PaB|954'c. 1_2.

262

Enioz

ooBaa,ioiea' yopa' oa i pyya

peal8. epi 1954 poy a6ape apie epiBo ovloc6a>ai.a ay}Ioo poy oTpoxoy piro <<o6poioo
o]l(eo ay Poii> ioo pa. o ape aBoaH a6ap aoc 1557 poy' pa. I{ apooya ia ByBa a |957 pi. e 1955 poy Ba.}IAaoo
palo aoBop|4po aBoIoBaI{Hii ei po <.o6poi p a>, a 6iopyi ayoi ep.)ya'o
<.Bo33' a>iopyi Poi apii VIII opiv
ioio <.ioipae 6iopyoo apoy>19.
Cire 6yo Apaa pa, epi oo B
epei 1955 poy opo pe.ooy ia
400 poi 3 ay o.)eApaaoo aay .o ay Poii (1956). i ip}la aBoBa aai
Apaai Iao IV payaJIoc aaeiti pai
poii ioi pi, a o-ieoo e 6aa <<peya>
oi oiii a'i, To)I{pooiro I{eaTBepkIlr2o.
oa iei ypooi i6o iaa poiopaiy py6y, peai ope ypaiiB a <.Te>
iv, o ii ieeya opToByBa ue oi.
i oylvr ip aoi aioaoi a'i.
Capr ayo ipo6i Iy ipayp Cao }aBB'o y <.Tea><<eoTaTo
io po epeox ii ypaioi yyp> i ai e a.aoa i-ai, Coopoa, pao, pa6o, o a paia. paui Iy iopii oei Boa iarya 6iapy ooi <.CTaPllloo> <<oo.llIoo>
6pai' Haa/ly po peoo ioptloo pa _ oy. Ha oo yy, y oyi <.aulo 'oao 3a ipodia poioo' ypal8 .: P p i, ie -pa 1954.
.I[
'9 PAH, . 5, o. |7, . 427, , 189_207 (I6apa); . . TaI,ope o opoa {e op opoo a, Bonpotucmopuu'} 4 (1955): 173-175 (Aa); . . opv, ooe
poI oppoa 6eopyo 6ypyao a, Tutt
.o ,N 8 (1955): 98.
20PA H,
. 5, o . 17' ,5 |8 , ,7 0 - 7 5 .

26

i Cmi

ioo i ooo apoi .poBy ipaioa B'i>. pa y.eifipooduoo aoioo

iyy 6ya eaooea ' o <.Te>e oepalo B
ypaiy iopy a' peBy oa aa
Caaaoo: <.Cy.e iTy . il, yo,
..T3'', BoB oaa
oap a iri, BaIoIo
po' po aa Caaa}Ioo' ypo)e Ca6ipoo paoy flpoo6uoi o6ai, y epio 6opo6 ypaioo apoy3a Bo oe>21.
aoaa poara.Taaai epe.i
ByBa i i a i yBaaipe ypaioo
yia o Boo aioaoo yoo. TovINl3aa ei a iopv}Iy a.
a i a <.Te'>
y oapcTP,a<.3a>6 ai: <.o paia opai.
3Baa ai?>; <.Ci pai eIr }IapaB oi y oy?>i <.i e a, pi Bo33' . a'
po3ac a epeai pai?>; <.o Ha3Ba Mo Bo'r,a'a p a?>; <.oT. . Iee..epoy
o y oi oeix aaB . oo
llo'', eaBo aBB .'ooo B opN,tipa?>22
Co), i i aH Ba:}yoiai i }Iepa..
lrapaBa po ypaie ye a pTtle aBe}I o oii oe' e o.He3 e 6yo a.ia .oo. paii o tlyBa' pearylo
i po peailo poT Ioea <.Te>.Bpai i
Bp:Derr,i6
, i Bo}Iaa B pe, .l'BopB:l
o ioi ae pe6i' opa aii ypaii, oi aoi oa epi ioi aioaoi a'i23.

i Caia
paii 6 oae
oao.eaiiauii
po6aayoiiaaiyoiypaiooyoo.Ha apaiiopi yiy 1956poy o
2'TLAO,. 1,o.46,p.6822,ap.40'
105.
22Tlll+lo,
ap.83;o.30,p.3626,ap.18_19.
23['.,PA, .5,o.30,.52'. 101_107.

264

nioz

cctl popyBaB }IeoaBI{ ppaa ooi paT Ilapy i aploya epoIl,IT

TBop <.ypxyi[t> iopi. oo apoollya .oi,
IIzII1IIy
paoaoa, o :t:iaBypai aioa.
py I oiT <<popeB>'
a r.Bo iopi a)a.aTBopT ypai iop xypa. Too aoo poy iop Mao eo odiyaB aTTIo'y i
aBBzDB,o rai ayoi epeaoolylo popeBi oy pai 3 apo Poi2a. Tao ypaii ieparypoai ai iaBaJIi opooa oll a Iea. Ipi Ato apeB
i po py oa poi INI1}JIT1It,I-paI(
aJIaNII
y6'iy ieppeai, e aB).py}Ioay a
iop i.oox. oea,p ie i yiBy oHa flleea o <.peotoioo.opaa>,
a ieppeaii oo ei, poBarli a oe oeToB
oiitI epeoalI' B3IIaBcaJ25.
o ioi ayol1i pya i paoi a.llioo ioope' aIIa Tylloi oo.i ai
peo.aIvIyi paolo i <.aioaiolo>Bepi ypaioi aioaoi a'i. oy 1956 poy
Ba yip, olop iopoo ay opooo yipy, aoyBaB y Bory oey pooBy
3 ooypa: <.CiP po e' lvlo)Iepaia ia
aoio, o 6yo 6 e, o oa 6ya paac
aolo. o-oey: a 3o 6 covl i epe.,o.epaB i>. pi 1956 poy i aaB: <<Be
ooi ip ioo aioaiy. 3 pyo oapi aa aey a irx aioa poi>26.
i 1956 i 1958 poa Ba oiio ayBaa aie ay)elI ipra Corop <.6ipaiy> a oep flaea <.oae>. loey .oBo pyya' a Iri oo ep 1956 poy paia
ieiri BIayB:UIaoo p)pa iooo aulTa2i Bilinsky, Th Second Solit Rpublic,
206_207. I po aT:
. . eo, epdyya aa iopii pe.llli ruoi
ii pirell 'iy P, Plrctoa'N10(1956):8-10.
25T al+to,
193_94.
26lopvy, mp tumm pii nooei pou'
6|.

ic Cmi

265

6y. paie yType ipo.epio.y<.i>aooo aioay IIay, i ypaioi yypoi pauii i op,li a aioae ye. ipay.
pa eo o6ep|coiopv i oop M'
a ioi iya ooi paa y6ivo alriyBa oi ' pai y. 1968 po IIIoB aeop poa irloo poaia oe ovapa
<.Co6op>, poaBr-oay yBlll i pya pyya /(epao pai iopx a'o.
oo oe Ba Coeo oiaB y aB.aB}I
ipa i r aii i oay poB, a ee oo oepato LLIeea Bo aii, a e oiiy
a27.
'3i pai Poi, oo.i ieya pooa Bae' ii i oiioo' zlJIoTBo.ooeooi
o.Bi 1966 o I97t poy Bo 6pac22pa6i
a'a Leoi i, o iaT.epe oo pay paiy28.
Co oI\{ oiuii iopiopaii oao oBep.
}ItIo <.aioaoiiopii>, ieppeaii ypaioi iopii, iie peai a.aaa ,.ea.aB. ai, aai, ioipo, 1966 poy. y6iaii,
io iop ao pae i.ayi ay ieppeai <<Bo33' . a>'
oBo' o TapIa epia BBDaa epay yo.yle io
olo3o' aoi apa aiipaui poyia Ii a iopopauii. Hio e.pyoBaa Pa.oy Coi aotp paeoo 4f[pa o33'.'a?>
BaJIacB aB.aBii 'a a 3axoi. iepayp p Ia .6a,a a yai epyi Ba.yaopilo,
aa ]y <.Iepaioai pyiai?> ( 1965_
1969)' y i aaaB aoya apy py
o poioi i paoi ooi paT paii2g.
27 l...Knnth C. Fame, Ukinin Nationlign in the Post-Stlin Era:
th, Smbo and Ideologg in Souiet Ntionalities Polic (he Hague,
1980),pp. 78-121.
2sapa, pat 1950 - 19 60 - pp., 1 46 eopi |{aco,H ezoi: p ica imeiaei pci onopl960-80- porcio(i, 1995)' . 70-72,
29paue vlfi, purda|r u o3,ea2;I a [6a, Imepio ai.ltl'lup uii? (i, 2005).

266

Enioz

lie io ioBe llaiooo apaBy I{Toy, o Bpo)aiollia, a orvlyo

Bpo aii irepii a'Ti, a iepi e oa
po6 eaioay pil tlyoo. ypaii .c.ai yi pa.i <.p)6apoi>,
6o i pe}Iyai aioa MHy' a ao poii ilreeyil-apio otla pTyBa oo a
epaBe/Iio iopoi ei Poii3o.Tpi tsTaii ioi a'i eai oiia.
oa peyiaa a.a pioo p6opyaa
<.aioaii yx> ayui yypi, ii aa oia a'i araa r6oo oao. Hapa.i
paii ri.eipo iyaa <.aaii iepi oioi i, aiaeoi aiipai aooii, i yyp i, aiae polllpi yyptl Mo)JIBo>3t.
Cio a pyu]e ypai
i 197I-I973 poa pa flleea 3tII13oa.ep[Ioo peap . oo y <.paio ara PapopTB a ieaiai oaBa' pe.HC?>>
Ie BiloT aTy o' a a ax ooioi
ao.oaoTpai. ep peap' oa io,
ipya ypaiy yypy, i io o 6y, o aii ayoi apo opaTyBa Hyae aioaii yo opa pi yyy Leea.Cpai ) pHa i6o cTaJIoo oip oi eooii
epaiaii a oii epeTaoB Moi. oxoy
pai e.eToa y oi eyapa p [IayBa}Io
ypaioi aioaoi a, il ip li
aioaoi yyp32.
30fl.: Brudny, Reinaenting Russia.
31Fam, Uhrinian Nationlisn,95.
e apry y)a ao) oa
paeo . Coii iu i iottcioicm,po. 5.
32. . le,
lnuclt, ocnoilu,{, e u 6gem:,[[,euo

Slauic Reaiea 34, no. 4 (1975):752-768.

ilt mi

267

Biaa feea p.Baaoi aaii poT pei <.6ypyaooaioa.lIiy> ypaii 'lIypi

ayui. i 1973 po pai i.ooo e)
a .iil ieeyai, a6 6 tsH'Io aioa ltapa itl o iopllo a opi poi oo epa. oa pTJIeaapya oiii iopvi a'Ti,a oHoaoTyaa ai ipiro,
aJIlIIIacepo'ao. o apii ii
poi o}ITpoapiltx i.o,.loia yio iro y
Itaioaoi epii ypaioi iop'l6y, oBepe}II
oi a'i aJIoBzuBoi Ta. aaopaIr oeo>aoaoy .oi.i
paui paT oioo ep Baep, ilo <.paoiop 6ai pyaJlo aB i oro.,i.a poT Iooiui pa'Ilxiopi>3.Pea6iiai
pyoo, yaBe oaBa, peoia epeaoi yo aaJI 3a yBary yi 3 a a'
opo6 i aii 3o. pooo[Ie eae)IIo pai 1991 poy Ito i py6 apoi i opyo aio apa oiui pooi ypaioo apoy3a.
Te, o aii ieoo ay.)y:l <.aioai>,
Taooiuio ieooilo aeoi paioi pxa.
Cy.ra ypai ie6irIvIoBepyB .oaioaoo aeo Ta B ope.i, Ia aea
a ao pyre,i iy ao aai. Oa
i pa i a i epoi, flao a
i oa eII, a ao ii apaB <<ppo33Cathin Wanne, Burden of Dreams: Htory nd Idntit in Post-Sooiet
Uhrine(Univesit Park' 1998)'p.38.
3api tl)l( ep Bap, B. po ue: o, eo. Iopi
o.6. Poio-ypaii io a iopua i.oi
y yvai paii. ': oy, 3o. opi imuocmu:mii pooepoii opoiicmopii piu. ep. C. paoa,o. o.
6po. i, 2004; Taras Kuzio, ILhrine:Stt and Ntion Building
(New Yok, 1998);Serhii Plokh, The Ghosts of Priaslav:Russo-Ukainian Histoial Deates in the Post-Soviet a, urope-si Studis 5,
no. 3 (2001):489_505; Fank Sysyn, Th Remrgneofth Ukainian
Nation and Cossak ythology, Soil Rsear58, no.4 (Wint 1991):
845-864.

268

Enioe

}loo>lopoopoyaii o o3' a Bi ypai.

ix ee oIripai _ ii, aii
ieoo oi aioaiopTl{ai oi
aParr}I
ypaii. ieie,y olyaa.
iooi iooii aii proo ipaoio
apoo<.pxyaooaioaiy>_ iei, o iepi e o ii aui.

iiopai
Apii.epea
IIAo

(epapxaapipo
o'apai
(i)
apipat)
. 1 (oyi
oeyil{epaoo
o. l (o 1 o 9 ipooo
ierya irxapix6opi):cp.729,972,916
o.6:p.409,
1036,t073
o.8:p.316,328,330'340
o. 16(poooaiaoi6poi Cepeapiay,3apevi
pa):
cp.32,74
p.328,355,44I,457,
o.23 (0o6ultii,Cpeavaa):
463,703,780,78"1,788,
860,889,890,937,1060,1604,1605,1608,
4504,4511,45t2, 4515,4525,4526,
1621,1652,2',168,2782,2858,
4956,4957,4958,50',t
2,5664,6259
p.8,
o,24 (0o6ii,Cepeaaa,poo)Il):
'174,',177
3504
1105,
1577,
t605,2677,2714,3503,
,784,',185,1090,
o. 30 (ooilli,3aauaa):p.621,985, 1370,
r3'l'1,r4t6,1832,1850,1875,1902,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,
t92t, t922,1924,1925,1926,1989,1990,2003,2030,2041,2042,
29,2347,2357,2360,2423,
204,|,205I,2056,2325,2328,2330,
2424,2426,2428,2747,2755,2756,2'l57,2768,2769,2775, 2806,
2811,3261,3268,
3308,3597,3598,3599,3600,3601,3605,3606,
3608,361r, 3672,3618,3619,3620,362t,3622,3623,3627,3628,
3629,3631,3632,3633,3634,3636,3640,3641,3642,3643,3652,
3681,5073
3653,3655,3656,3662,3657,3672,3674,
po6o):cllp.6822
o.46 ( iiopaiaio.apioi
a aiaii):p.46,48,50,66,68,9t,I2|,
o.70 (Biillpoaalr
153,266,282,326,385,
387,388,390,394,399,436,459,5 14,539,
14,'144,
753,754,757,'160,
540,564,510,57r, 618,620,621,689,',I

270

i1iozpi

76r,762,763,764,923,936,937,940, 1090,1095,1t73, 1154,1334,

7494,|20,1768,1787,1788,1886,1917,1948,2247
o'72 (Bii ipaypi a):p. 1
o. 73 (Bii ri):p. 398,585,592
IIABoB
I.['epa
paapxi opai i ypai.
pai
.2 (Paiipi)
o. 7:p.345,553,8I8,2747,3078,3927,5553,5568,9527
o.8:p. 2040'2531' 7730,9 486,9496,9503,9504,9880, 10237,10238,
11406,1t407,11409,gggg2
. 4669(fl. 3. ayi),o. 1:p. 23,44,47,124
oi), o. 1: cp.2, 13, 17, 3959
. 4750 ( pailp.,
yao),
.4762 (flpaoiy paByypo-oiix
o. 1:p. 764,|87,343,52,566,669
oiey p:l:),o. 1: p.58,85,357
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. 196(B. I. ai),o. 1:p.26
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o. 1 (a,Bi,poToo6opioo):p.95, 103,134,140,
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o. 1 (ooipa):p. 115

i6ioepai

271

PA
Po oyapBlap oao o op (oa)
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o. 120(oI):.348
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o. 132 (oe poaa.I
aIav!|4'
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372,476,4r9,427
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o. 133(or' 1951-1955):
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apxo (i _ PA (Po oy.apI
eeop))
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o. 30 (06 o):. 9, 39, 52
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oyapel
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1952), o.2:
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.2329(pBoyyplCCCP, 1953-)'o. 3:. 111,168;
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ipypai o(i)
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ipaypapaia (i)
Ho x (Topoo)
paa(oa)
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Paapaia (i)
( i)
PaeI\.leI(Bo

oyioai
)epea
XVI oicnuuoinpmii (6iourci)ptu 25_28 cilt
1949p.: imepiu, i, 1949.
npmii piu 23 _ 2 6 6epe 1954 p.: I
XV II Kol+linuuoi
mepillu. i, 1954.
XXII ceoltt"vunuonapmuu ComcozoCo, 17_31
196 1 z.: Cmoryuu omrm.2 oa.Moa, 1962.
orcmfip

I
t

Aeo,. C. oeoI:l3:ap o He.

emp,}ll!1 (1991):80_89.
Aapo,. O eoopIaaao6eIay B oyoB.oeu,N! 14 (1945):12_29.
pl\{}I}tlx
Aepo, . eicniomu:Mip oonoo, noupnt,|ioi.ep. Biop opoo.i, 2001.
i ozo imopuui
Aao, o. M., pe,.pe-X-euu
i, 1954.
nJ,m'u.
a,Moa. [ao . oo: Bipi i noeu' l..li,
1949.
aa,oa. .'ao. picimpmp,Nb 3/4

(9aD:47-59.

ala, Moa. pel,. Icmopi picozo]uucmm laCmumo.To.6. i, 1968.

apao,A. PeeiaBuotnittq|ozotnpo npomuzimUuuIanoi oi i npuettt tpiu o Poii ( 1648 _ 1654)'
7 (1940):|37_40.
. H. e. Ionopl-pl1l7n'}
apa,Boop.pai 1950_1960-pp.:Eoimomimapotcumeu.i' 1996.
, . . Topuemopacg P6 u po& mp
peeeo u P cc.2-e .. oa, 1990.
a,B. Cyio-oiio . A. paoBoo.
ioupiu,Nb 7 ( 1952):51_62,

27:|

ia, ., A. y, B. oe,B. oo i o. or. a ptl

aBe ye ypaioo Hapoy.Koicm piu, }& 3
(1954):70-80.
oyo,. . i o. ' 0o6.3ipi.i, 1940.
oyo,. ., . . y,o. . 0o6, . H. po, . I. Cypyo i . o. pe6o, pel,.Icmopipatu:
Kopomup. i, 7940.
oo, Ba, Oaa a i op 3aapvy. opoutpiu:
prmpo-namu
Inopua
m wxtun.i, 1994.
oo, , '.300-emueooueupau u Poccuu' Moa,
1954.
oo, ., . yI,.,a C. aaroa.C6op oyHoBo Booeepal Poe.ol'lum,Ng2
(1954):108-16.
oo, I' '.300 poi o'ett
piu Pocie.i, 1953.
oo, I. i . y.oopai po oaaoo'
oicrnpiu,N 11 (1954):76_80.
pavvr,ao, pul! Il o33,e?pumuui
lZu npuooieioenii.Topoo, t97 1.
Bpopa,. pa o opy)(o apoIopax oopyeo 6op6I pyoo ypa}Ioo apooB). om6p, N! 4
(1954):110-36.
B,eoi.BcuKci:,mmdinpo oru.i,
1978.
Bo' ., . y,B..o,. o, M. epo,
. Cai, . Cypyo i . IIIep.Hpu icmopii piu.a,|942.
Bopo, H. Pe a Booeo Kuercofuu' B. . oB)eHo.
Bonpotumopuu, 1 (1951):139_40.
Bocoueueput Poccue:,[[,ot.em
u ilmepu mpe
moI|I.3oa.oa, 1953.
Bma uopumeolou1ccm
puo P, noca mpeomJlemu
ooueu
pautc Pocu:}Ituonu,
C!nmpa,zpu:mz.e, 1954.
Bm uo6pumo2o
uCmpuoC P: }Ituonu,
C'gbnmap,
zpu:moz.e, 1951.
ep,pe.H ii i niani,tl.
p. eopiao.i, 2003.
oa,p i Tepe Pxep, pel'.Buempuii.ep.
Mo vy. i: Hia-p,2005.
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18 - &79

274

i1iozpi

oo6y,B. A. Po oo6oTe:oa ypaoo

poa1648_1654ooB.Bonpotuopuu,N1
119+i:80_95.
fopyoa,. lpampzu . opurc.
oa,.1952.
pao,popi.Coa a6oi:o,6pi 3 (5) (1998):24_29.
_ o:ui i.pumurca,
po, . . P3Ha Boccoeuue
puctozopo euoJ|'|
99!1C9
zogpm.
KpuctoJ||
H. potl.nopuculp'
N! 12 (1944):74_75.
po, .. Cy6I aH:lH)Bo o
Baot.cmopuucurp,N 12 ( 1944): 37_ 43.
peo,. .' . B. apyru tl B. . Ji6,p".,*ip CCCP.
To. 1: C pellIpJ||tt
o oa XVIiI e.2- . oa,1948.
pev,B. A. op.Hpoay
o6opoPP |944 p.:
iopii oii oioi p, paiiu icmopuo"u pu|'
J.,l
5 (1991):29-37.
pe, B. A. o-pHpooo oiapiay aopoH}I
pa paioi.PCP: poe i peaii (|944-ig45 pp.).v*poiuimopuuu|gpul,Nb 3 ( 195):35_46.
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ao, Imopircp|u-fui.
To. 9,uac | i2.
i, 1996_1997.
cc,.!,tlouu.Hai ei p.Capao,1942.
cfl, .
ou-Czu..Hari
eii np"*"
-empo
apao,t942.
{a, . 3., Pe,36pereom :poup
ittttimopiipicozoolm pzinooui.5b-_80-
pp. XX cm.i, 1997.
,(areep'. . B'y op,peoo opa
A139 ay aao CCP. Bonpoctucmopuu, z (rz1:
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poa.Ia p'eB- iop pai. By
.ar,
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I p'e,Icmopircpiu.i,1990.
led rcpicozo.llucmillm
oci 15_.24ep 1951p.: 36ip mepii.i, 1953.
.6a,I, . Imepioltilll
uu pcuii? i,2005.
"19*", ' paiapa*'aiipaypai oao
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i ua>.ioupiu,Nl 7 (1949):72_80.
.I[peo,. rcpiu
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i,
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.(opeo, e. Cyep ypI. !p6 poo,I& 2
(1991):249-271.

idioryi

27l

.oo, oap. o-rtou,nourJlullei ctutu: oeu, iontlicmi, onoi, olopi nuu, Jntcmlt, omu' api,

1994.
.,oeo,B.I. Bico -np uici a. i, 1950.
o i iiya ypxyao.aioaiiepepreiopii pail.iourc
paiu,} 8 (19a7):1_10.
pupiv
paioi
Pa.'oiCoiaioi Pey.(o
i.ioupiltu,Ng
12 (1947):t_9.
3epe iry parriypi!'o ypaioo rrapo.y:
oo apo.y26 oa I94| poy B Capaoi. .:Hoi nultlIcmumminopil i peooziiH PCP'To. 1. a,
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.I[y6eo,C, B. Tpc llleorco ma ozozpoi epi. i, 1967.
.eo,B. A. Hao-opirpaypo Booe.e
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pel,.Buo
.o,B. A., o. . oi . . IT193969,
tpiu Pocie,i, 1954.
i 1648_ 1654 pp. i o'ett
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ionoptlo-iooziozomoapu[7nI,
Hoa epi,T. 11.(api, 2005):43_58.
, . Aepaaiaopieoiaeea.ioupiu,} 8 (1949):26_40.
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3aa,o. B. Ieooiipepiiy ayi yyp paii
y 1948_1953pp. ,:tpiXX on: Kmgp,ieoozi,noimu|'pe.
B. ..ao.
To.2. i, 1996.
yapal.ccmo,
3a oleyeo6paeoo
}4 (1951):3_10.
3, A. A., B. . oao A. A. Hoo.I{'l'pyo op paoCP. Bonpocucmopuu,}.,l!
6 (195a):t28-132.
3y6oa,ea.oecmou peop,1945 _ 1964. o,,I99lt.
Iao,o. o. IopeaeBo33' apiritttl:l l)r.tll.
Pc|ol'
J 9 (1953):19_28,
o|tb. t'rrr;r, l !)4(i'
eo, Aeap.emep6gpzc,
't8'

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Io,oap. emep6poci:,[l,onoe
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Ivo,oeap.Cpeu'i, 1939.
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Imopi piu. To. 1: eplnimimuo6.Xapi, 1932.
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ao,o. ., pe.ImopipicoiPP.To.1. i, 1953.
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To. 1. i, 1951.
o, opi. Hezoi:pi imeizi pci onop
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, . P a mopKo CCP c pee
pee
o tl e.2-e . P. . o. oapo A. M. apaoa,
Bonpocu1nopuu'
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p, , pe.Icmopipioi imepmpu ocJ||u
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a,. Ia pao _ ep{p
6oppo aioaiyi oooiTy.
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39.
oil, . ptut Kpem:)Itummi mopuinoecp
opiu.i, 1975.
ao, . op 3Ipeoolrepa-eopaa
T. . o.Bonpoctucmopuu'
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oa,. B. Cpaa oapa.('oa.pircu
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oa,. B. aa ypaioiiopiopaii.picuimopuuulUp||'
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Cmii 3 p|tol|,.opot
i opoticmopit ptu' ep. C. pavoa,o. o6po. i,
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o opoo'o3o,A. . oo6preTo}IoB
5 (1954} 145-|51.
.
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pI Poe
P.2-e It,
u
eu
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.
A.

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y t,. lr. mopuoccouuP cu.2 oa'Ca - pyp'
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Kmp 6iumo pici PCP: Hrcuiipiel
oiimiuoi npmii i pozop: 36ipu oemi.
To.2. i, 196t.

278

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Hiottiiocuu pii XX cm.:36ipu o.
tltmii mpii.i, 1994.
^.06 opya}Ioo
Hapoa.
oeu,7 (1947):

4r-56.

Mao, . o yplr <BopoIop>.oeu, 13

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Hayo, I. . Be pioy Booi i ypai}Ioo}Ia-|_|7.
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'toJla'
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-HiIIaa
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Ha,M. B. Bopoo . H. opooB oTaoBH
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|IcTop|4|,I
Ll
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Ha,. B. tsopoyo opye<}IaHlIIee
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o po.a
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o oa Il|4c|<cc|
o epo.,altop CCCP. Bonpotucmopuu,]llb3 (1951):53-60.
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Kmoz.e,7948.
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mopuueuup,
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pao,

Boo/tp

i pi

oit.

Muo

lllrllll l
1lt1tttt'tlt

II -IIB: Tpziutrcemuim
: 1924_ 194. |(rrirr' |!)ll(i

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Pa, Haa. epecc

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Piy.r lIoiIllyo6ip, poaoy i opa api.
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2t]1

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295
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Hatly,John 2522'284
Hellk, Johen 2419,284, 285
Himka, John-Paul 9972,285
Hish, Fanin 17,199,20|2,285
Hobsbawm, ric 2420,285
Hoffman,David 20t2,285
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Kaise, Robt 162,285
Kez, Pt 23133,285
Knndy, ihael 22|1,285
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Kosha, Rudy 252a,285
Kostiuk, Hryhory 333s,40"
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Krylova, Ana 24t9,285
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Kuomiya, Hioki286
Kuzio, Tas 267, 286
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Lwytzkyj, Borys 3335,286
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Pap,Mihael3336,288
Pavlyshyn,arko 287
Ptone,Kan376,287
Philip'Fankli16',283
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Plaggenborg,Stefan2011,282
Platt, Kvin 4521,287
Plokhy,Sehii2673a,
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