MATERIAL ASPECTS FOR CREEP RESISTANCE 1. Creep resistance improved if diffusion rates decrease. 2.

An increased modulus improves resistance to dislocation of creep. 3. When creep is controlled by dislocation climb glide process materials having high shear modulus display for a better creep resistance 4. Stress raises such as sharp corners are avoided so that the stress concentration diminish or vanish considerable and materials with finer grain size are utilized.

5.

Surface irregularities and cracks are removed by polishing surface. 6. Compressive stresses are introduced at the surface by process such as short sand blasting. 7. Nitriding and carburising operations are performed to create strong surface layers.

CREEP LOSS Primary, secondary and tertiary creep follows certain creep loss for various metals. The increasing variation of creep strain with time may be given by first law.

CREEP RESISTANCE MATERIALS 1. Machine and structural parts functioning at higher temperatures must be creep resistant. 2. Pressure vessels and heat exchangers in oil refinery and chemicals industries operate at elevated temperatures to achieve enhanced thermal efficiency. 3. The creep resistance materials should have high melting points.

Some of the materials may be as follows 1. Refractories 2. Tungsten base alloys 3. Nickel based alloys and nickel super alloys 4. Cobalt based alloys 5. Steel based alloys 6. Mono crystal titanium 7. Thoria

1. Refractories are brittle and cannot take

purposeful tensile load. 2. Tungsten and titanium are costly metals and it is also heavy in nature. 3. Nickel based alloys , cobalt based alloys & steel based alloys are suitable for use from different view point.

4. Nickel using thoria by dispersion

hardening method is a very good creep resistant materials. It can maintain its strength up to a temperature of about zero degree.
Latest materials which are useful are 1. Silicon nitride for piston rings & cylinder heads 2. Sialons (alloys of silicon nitride and aluminium oxide) are very useful for gas turbine blades up to 1300 degree celcius.