222:

( Operating Systems: Internals and

Design Principles, 6/E, William Stallings)

.
.
UNIX.

(scheduling)


( )
KME
.
..


(scheduler).
3

(
, , .).

.
.
.
.

(.. ).

(long-term) (high-level)
.
. ,

.
(medium-term)
(intermediate-level) .

KME.
(swapping)
.
(short-term) (short-level)
.
KME.

(dispatcher)
6

88

1010

10

.
, .
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
:

, .
.
.
/.

,

.
11

.


KME.
(swapping)

.

.
12



(dispatcher).

.

KME,
.




.
:
(/ ).
..
(.. ).

13

.
.
UNIX.

14

.
,


.
15



(objectives).


.

:
(user oriented).
(system
oriented).
16

.


(.. ).


(..
).
17

(response time).

(interactive users)
.

(turnaround time).

(batch system) .

(deadlines).

.

.

.

.

.
18

(predictability).
O

.

19

,
(throughput).


(.. ).

.
H KME
100%.

20

(fairness).

KME.

(priority
enforcement),
.

(resource balancing).

.

.
21



.


.


.
22

2323

23

,
,

.
,

, .
Unix
Windows
.
24







.



.
25

26

H

:
(selection
function)
.
(decision
mode)
.
27




.

,

.
,
:
.
.
(
).

28

.

:
(preemptive).
(non preemptive).
29

vs.

.


/
..

.



.
,
.

30

10

(batch)

(service time)

.
31

,
1

32

,
2

, (firstcome-first-served (FCFS))
, (first-in-first-out (FIFO)).
.

.

, .

.

E/E.
(overhead) .

.
.
33

11

34

(round robin)
.

(quantum, time-slice).

, KME
.
. A
,
. ,
.


.
KME,
E/E.


35

E/E.

36

12

3737

37

3838

38

E/E
KME
.
FCFS

/.

, (
)
.


.

/
.
39

13

40

2


(shortest process next).

.
( ).


.

. ,

.

.

41

42

14

.
O

(shortest remaining time).
H


,
.

.



.
43

44

2
SPN


.

:
= ( + )



.

45

15

46

O
.
RR
.

,
.
FCFS
RR.



, RQ
RQ-1. ,

.
47

48

16

,

(
).
, (
) , .
,

.
,
.
(fair share
scheduling).
(
).
.., ,

.
49

50

51

17


.
.
UNIX.

52

.
1


.

.
53

54

18



.

(bands)
.

().
/ .
.
/ .
( ).

.
..
/ (..
) .
55

UNIX

56

19