222:

( Operating Systems: Internals and

Design Principles, 6/E, William Stallings)

9
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27

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37

38

1955
.
1956 , IBM 350
RAMAC, 5 .
1973 IBM
Winchester ( 3340, 30 ),
.
70
(floppy disks), 8, 5.25 3.5
110 1.2 .
20

GB.
39

40

41

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44

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54

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55

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56

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57

LOOK C-LOOK
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58

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60

61

62

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63


/


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64

(Redundant Array of Independent Disks RAID)
.

.. .


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RAID 7 (0-6).

65

RAID 0 ( )

RAID
.
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(.. 4,5,6,7).

66

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)

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67

RAID 2 ( Hamming)

/.
( ) (
) byte.
Hamming
bit
bits.

68

RAID 3 (
bit)
RAID 2 bits
.

Hamming,
bit (parity bit).

69

RAID 4 ( )

.
(),
.
bit .

70

RAID 5 (
)
RAID 4 bit
.

71

RAID 6 (
)
bits .
.

72

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73

cache
( )
(cache memory)

(disk cache).
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cache.
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74

cache

cache.
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cache . ,


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75


cache

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(
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LFU (Least
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76

77

LRU
LFU

78

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79

.

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. 80

/ UNIX SVR4
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buffers

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81

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82

cache

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83

/ buffers
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DMA.
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84
.

85

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86

Linux Unix
Linux Unix (.. SVR4)
/.
Unix, Linux
.



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87


Linux
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LOOK.
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Linux 2.6
:
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88

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5 . .

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89

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90

 cache
Linux 2.2,
cache
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Linux 2.4 ,

cache.


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91

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92

/
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4
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93


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Windows
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.
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94

RAID
Windows
RAID
RAID 0, 1
RAID 5.
RAID 1


.
95

(shadow copies)
.

,

.


96
.