Cu 1: Trnh by tc dng, tnh nng k thut chin thut ca sng tiu lin AK?

Cho bit s lc chuyn ng cc b phn ca sng khi bn? Tr li: *Tc dng: trang b cho 1 ngi s dng dng ha lc, li l, bng sng tiu dit sinh lc ch. *Tnh nng: Cu to gn nh, bn c lin thanh v pht mt. - S dng n kiu 1943 do Lin X v kiu 1956 do Trung Quc sn xut Vit Nam gi l n K56. - Tm ngm ghi trn thc ngm t 100m 800m, AKM v AKMS n 1000m, vch T tng ng vch thc ngm 3. - Tm bn hiu qu: 400m, ha lc tp trung n 800m, bn my bay, qun nhy d n 500m. Tm bn thng vi mc tiu cao 0,5m l 350m, vi mc tiu cao 1,5m l 525m. - Tc u n AK l 710m/s, AK ci tin l 715m/s. - Tc bn: l thuyt khong 600 pht/ pht. Chin u: khi bn lin thanh 100 pht/pht, khi bn pht mt 40 pht/pht. - Khi lng: 3,8kg, AKM: 3,1kg, AKMS: 3,3kg. Khi lp 30 vin n khi lng sng tng 0,5kg * Chuyn ng ca Sng: a, Trc khi ln n: - u thoi y nm trong khu truyn kh thuc. - Cn nh cch bn v kha an ton v tr trn cng. - L xo hp tip n y bn nng n ln st g gi n. - Kha nng nm st mt ct sau sng. b, Chuyn ng khi ln n: - Gt cn nh cch bn v v tr bn, ko tay c b kha nng. - Th tay ko b kha nng. y vin n th nht vo bung n. - Ngom mc n vo g y v n, y u kim ha v pha sau. Ba c nhc ln v c gi th ging. c, Chuyn ng cc b phn khi bn: - Gt cn nh cch bn v v tr bn lin thanh - Bp c, ngom gi ba ri tai ba, nh tc dng l xo p vo ui kim ha. Kim ha chc vo ht la, la t chy thuc sinh ra p lc cho n chuyn ng. Mt phn kh thuc c trch li ln n, c th bn cho n khi ht n. - Nu bn tng vin th gt cn nh cch bn v v tr bn tng vin. Qu trnh nh trn xy ra nhng khng bn lin thanh na. Cu 2: V kh ha hc l g? C my loi cht c m ch thng dng? Cho bit cc tc hi ca cht c thn kinh v cch phng chng? (Cht c ton thn) V kh ha hc l loi v kh hy dit ln m tc dng st thng ca n do c tnh ca cc cht c qun s gy cho con ngi, sinh vt v ph hy mi trng sinh thi. *c im, tc hi: a, St thng sinh lc ch yu bng tnh c ca cc loi cht c ha hc dng trong qun s, lm nhim mi trng, gy tc hi vi con ngi, SV mt cch trc tip v gin tip, nhiu loi cht c tn ti trong mi trng lm nh hng n cc mt ca i sng x hi. b, Phm vi tc hi: Phm vi tc hi rng. C th tn ti trong trng thi son kh, hi, khuych tn vo trong khng kh to thnh m my

c. Nu tp kch vo vng ng dn c c th gy nhim c hng vn ngi. c, Thi gian gy tc hi: ty vo a hnh, iu kin kh tng, mt nhim c v mc nguy him c th ko di trong thi gian nht nh (hng gi, hng ngy, hng nm) li hu qu lu di. *Phn loi cht c thng dng: 1. Theo c im chin thut: - Mau tan: tn ti t vi pht n vi gi - Lu tan: tn ti t vi tun n vi nm. 2. Theo c im gy hi: - Cht c thn kinh Vx. + phng: Lun cnh gic, pht hin kp thi ch s dng Vx trong chin u. +Cp cu: Nhanh chng a ngi ra khi khu nhim c, dng ng tim t ng tim vo bp, h hp nhn to. +Tiu c: s dng bao tiu c IPP-8 tiu c cho da. i vi mt b nhim c th dng nc sch ra nhiu ln. - Cht c lot da (ton thn) Yperit + phng: S dng mt n, o chong, ng, gng tay che phng cho ngi. Ngun nc sinh hot, thc phm phi c che y kn. +Cp cu: a ngi b nhim ln qun y iu tr kp thi. +Tiu c: S dng bao tiu c IPP-8 tiu c cho da, dng dung dch natri i cacbonat 2% ra mi, sc ming - Cht kch thch CS: + phng: S dng mt n, o chong, ng, gng tay che cho ngi. +Cp cu: a ngi ra khi ch nhim, ni c gi thong v cho ngi thuc chng khi (1-2 ng). +Tiu c: ra sch s bng x phng hoc nc sch (c qun t trang ln c th). - Cht c tm thn BZ: + phng: nhanh chng s dng mt n phng c v cc kh ti ng dng bo v c quan h hp. +Cp cu: a ngi ra khi nhng khu nhim c, t ni thong gi v trn Pluysosritlin (1-2 ng) +Tiu c: Sc ming, ra mi, mt bng nc sch nhiu ln, khng s dng ngun nc v lng thc b nhim - Cht u c: + phng: ly mu gi c quan chuyn mn xt nghim bo v cc ngun nc, lng thc, thc phm. +Cp cu: khi ngi b trng c nhanh chng gy nn bng cch cho ung sa, ung cc nc li tiu. +Tiu c: ngun nc, lng thc, thc phm b nhim tuyt i khng s dng. Cu 3: Trnh by tc dng, tnh nng chin u ca sng trng CKC v chuyn ng ca sng -Tc dng: trang b cho ngi s dng dng ha lc, li l, bng sng tiu dit sinh lc ch. -Tnh nng: Sng cu to gn nh, sng ch bn 1 pht, + S dng n kiu 1943 do Lin X v kiu 1956 do Trung Quc sn xut. Vit Nam gi l n K56.

+ Tm ngm ghi trn thc ngm t 100-1000m, vch T tng ng vch thc ngm 3. + Tm bn hiu qu: 400m, ho lc tp trung 800m, bn my bay, qun d 500m. Tm bn thng vi mc tiu cao 0,5m: 350m, vi mc tiu cao 1,5m: 525m. + Tc u n 735m/s. + Tc bn chin u: t 35-40 pht/pht. + Khi lng ca sng 3,75kg, c 10 vin n 3,9kg. *Chuyn ng ca sng: a, V tr cc b phn ca sng trc khi ln n - Kha an ton v tr chn tay c, u thoi y nm trong khu truyn kh thuc. L xo cn y nng cn y v pha trc. - L xo ba y v pha trc, mt ba t st u kim ha. b, Chuyn ng ca cc b phn sng khi ln n: - Tay phi nm tay ko b kha nng ko v sau cho n khi dng li. - Th tay b kha nng ra. - n c a vo bung n. - Sng t th sn sng chin u. c, Chuyn ng ca cc b phn sng khi bn: - M kha an ton. - Bp c l xo ba tung ra y ba v pha trc, ba p vo ui kim ha p vo ht la gy chy, p sut kh lm n bay i. Mt phn kh b trch li ln n tip theo bp c, c nh th bn ht n. Cu 4: Nu khi nim v kh sinh hc? Mt s bnh do v kh sinh hc gy ra v cch phng chng? *Khi nim: L v kh hy dit ln da vo c tnh gy bnh ca vi sinh vt nh vi khun, vi rt nm n bo hoc c t do vi sinh vt tit ra git hi hoc gy bnh cho hng lot ngi v ng, thc vt. *Cc bnh thng gp: - Vi khun: t, dch hch, thng hn. - Vi rt: st vng, vim mng no, u ma, st rt, st pht ban, chy rn,, st Q. - c t: c t tht, ngun nc. - Bnh nm: gy bnh cho ngi, ma mng. *Phng chng: a, V sinh phng dch thng xuyn: - Thc hin np sng v sinh - Tim chng cho ngi v vt nui - Dit cn trng gy bnh cho ngi b, phng khi ch dng v kh sinh hc: - S dng kh ti phng ha v v kh phng dch. - Ung thuc phng dch - Ch canh phng ngun nc, nh my, kho tng lng thc, thc phm, kim nghim nh k. - eo mt n phng c, khu trang, khn t bo v cc c quan h hp, nhanh chng n np. c, Khc phc hu qu: - Nhanh chng thng bo cho mi ngi. nh du khoanh vng khu vc ly bnh, thu gom cc vt c th xung. - Dit trng khu vc nhim

- Tiu hy cc ngun bnh - T chc cp cu cho ngi bnh kp thi. Cu 6: Nu khi nim v kh ht nhn, cc nhn t st thng v bin php phng trnh? *Khi nim: V kh ht nhn l v kh hy dit ln, da trn c s s dng nng lng rt ln c gii phng ra t phn ng phn hch dy chuyn v phn ng tng hp ht nhn tiu dit cc mc tiu. *Cc nhn t st thng: -Sng xung kch: L mt min ca mi trng b n, b nn mnh t ngt nn lan truyn mi phng vi vn tc ln hn vn tc m thanh. -Bc x quang: L dng nng lng nh sng c pht i t qu cu la vi nhit cc cao (chc triu ) gm cc tia hng ngoi, nh sng trng, v tia t ngoi truyn i vi vn tc nh sng trong thi gian ngn. -Bc x xuyn: gm cc bc x Gamma v dng ntrino pht ra t vng n truyn i vi sc xuyn cc mnh. -Cc hiu ng in t: l do s ion ha cc phn t, cc nguyn t trong khng kh di tc dng ca tia bc x trong v n ht nhn to thnh 1 ngun nng lng ln. *Cch phng chng: -V kh ht nhn l loi v kh hy dit ln c cc nhn t ph hoi, st thng qu ln, vic nghin cu phng trnh l 1 vic lm rt quan trng. -Trong nhng thi gian trc y cn chin tranh lnh gia 2 phe XHCN v TBCN th cc nc ln nh: M, Php, Anh, Lin X thng xy dng cc ng tu in ngm v cc h thng ngm phng chng v kh ht nhn khi b i phng tn cng. l bin php tng hp, khi xy dng phi t cc yu cu: +ng ngm v h thng ngm phi nm su di t, chu c p lc cc ln. +Phi s dng cc vt liu c kh nng chng phng x, h thng t ng kn, h thng lc c, lc gi. +Phi c h thng cp cu ht nhn hin i. +H thng ca ln xung an ton, nhanh chng cho nhn dn s tn vo khi c bo ng nguy c ht nhn. -Nu ni chin s, i phng s dng v kh ht nhn chin thut nh n pho ht nhn, bom Ntron th cn phi n np tht kn o, s dng mi kh nng c th che lp thn hnh, sau ri ni nguy him. Tuyt i khng dng cc vt cht nm trong khu vc b nhim x nh nc ung, thc n, dng, k c v kh. Chp hnh nhng mnh lnh ca cp trn khi c tnh hung c v kh ht nhn. -Nu ngi b nhim x th nhanh chng n ni cp cu ht nhn v tun th theo quy nh cha tr, tuyt i khng sinh hot, tip xc vi ngi cha b nhim x, c th khe ln, sau khi kim tra xt nghim mi c tip xc vi ngi khe v tr li cng tc.

Cu 7: C my loi cht n? Cho bit cng dng, tnh nng ch yu ca cht n thng v mnh? *Khi nim: Thuc n l mt cht hoc mt hn hp ha hc, khi tc dng nhit th c phn ng n, sinh nhit cao, lng kh ln to thnh p lc mnh ph hy cc vt th xung quanh. *Tc dng: c sc ph hoi ln, c th tiu dit sinh lc ch, ph hy phng tin chin tranh, cng s, vt cn ca ch, tng tc ph t , lm cng s, khai thc g.. *Phn loi: -Thuc gy n fluminat thy ngn + CTHH: Hg(NOC)2 + Nhn dng: tinh th trng hay mu tro, c, kh tan trong nc lnh nhng tan trong nc si. + Cm ng n: rt nhy n vi va p, c xt. + Cm ng tip xc: d ht m, khi b m sc gy n km hay khng n. Tc dng vi axit c to thnh phn ng n, axit dng hi to thnh cht khng an ton. Khi tip xc vi nhm n mn nhm, phn ng ta nhit do vy thng c nhi trong kp c v bng ng. + Cm ng nhit: rt d bt la, khi bt la n ngay, nhit 160-1700c t n, t trng: 3,34g/cm3. + Cng dng: nhi trong kp, ht la ca cc loi u n bom, n, mn. *Thuc n va: - Thuc n TNT (Trinitro Toluen) CTHH: C6H2(NO2)3CH3 - Nhn dng: thuc n TNT c dng tinh th cng, mu vng nht, tip xc vi nh sng ng mu nu, v ng c, khi t khi en la mi nha thng. - Cm ng n: an ton khi va p, n sng thng bn xuyn qua khng chy, khng n, gy n t kp s 6 tr ln, nu thuc c khi gy n phi c thuc n mi bng TNT p hoc thuc n mnh. - Cm ng tip xc: khng ht m, ngm lu di nc vn n (tr thuc bt) khng tc dng vi kim loi. ngoi tri thuc n ng mu nu, nhng sc gy n khng gim. gn than thuc b bin cht d n. - Cm ng nhit: t kh chy, nhit nng chy 78-81c. nhit chy 3000c, nhit n 3500c, nu tng nhit t ngt ln 3000c n. - Tc n: 4700-7000m/s. T trng: 1,56-1,62g/cm3 - Cng dng: thuc c lp thnh bnh 75g, 200g, 400g cu trc cc loi lng n, nhi trong bom n, mn, trn vi thuc n mnh lm dy n. *Thuc n mnh: -Thuc n penfrit + Nhn dng: tinh th trng khng tan trong nc. + Cm ng n: nhy n vi va p, c xt, n sng trng bn xuyn qua n. + Cm ng tip xc: khng ht m, khng tc dng vi kim loi. + Cm ng nhit: T chy nhit 1400-1420c, chy tp trung trn 1kg c th n. + Tc n: 8300-8400m/s. + Cng dng: lm thuc n mi gy n cc loi thuc n khc, nhi trong kp tng sc gy n, trn vi thuc n TNT lm dy n hoc nhi trong bom n. *Thuc n Hxghen: - Nhn dng: tinh th trng, khng mi v, khng tan trong nc, khng phn ng vi kim loi. Khi t chy mnh, la mu trng, chy tp trung trn 1kg chuyn thnh n. T chy nhit 201-203c. n sng thng bn xuyn qua c th n. Hxghen l kh p do vy thng trn vi paraphin p ng thi gim nhy n khi va p v thun li cho nhi vo bom, n.. - Cng dng: Lm thuc n mi gy n cc loi thuc n khc, nhi trong kp tng sc gy n, trn vi thuc n TNT lm dy n hoc nhi trong bom n.