Chng 12: CHIN LT PHC HI D LIU

Gii thiu:
Khi c thm ha xy ra thm ha phc hi h thng cn thit phc hi h thng chin lt sao lu ph hp Nu chin lt sao lu ca bn ko y ko th phc hi nh lc ban u bn mt d liu, ngi qun l th ko hi lng Bi thuyt trnh hm nay ti s tp trung vo cc k nng cn thit khi phc li CSDL khi xy ra s c

T vng Restore
Trc khi ti gii thiu cc bn v cc chi tit phc hi CSDL th ti cn phi gii thch cho cc bn hiu 1 s t ng c bn sau: Recovery model ( M hnh phc hi): Xc nh cc ty chn sao lu d phng c sn trong h thng.Ba la chn c bn: existsimple, full, and bulk-logged. Point-in-time recovery: Phng php ny c s dng khi phc li CSDL ca bn ti mt thi gian c th trc khi thm ha, thin tai xy ra. SQL Server 2008 cung cp cho bn vi nhiu phng php khi phc li CSDL ca bn ti mt thi gian c th. Transaction log restore: Cho php bn truy xut hoc p dng cc thay i trong cc file LOG giao tc vi CSDL ca bn. iu ny cho php bn khi phc li CSDL n mt thi im c th no . Differential restore: Cho php bn khi phc li tt c cc thay i xy ra k t khi sao lu cui cng c p dng. Full database restore: Phc hi CSDL y , chnh xc khi sao lu xy ra. RESTORE HEADERONLY: Lit k tt c cc tp tin v thi gian sao lu xy ra, cng vi cc thng tin khc v cc tp tin trong cc thit lp sao lu. RESTORE FILELISTONLY: Cho php bn xem cc tn tp tin cng vi cc thng tin khc v cc tp

tin c lu tr trong cc thit lp sao lu.

File restore: Cho php bn khi phc li cc file hoc mt nhm nhiu file tn ti trong mt filegroup DB

Page restore: Thay th cc trang b li , m khng cn phi khi phc li ton CSDL. Piecemeal restore: Phc hi cc tp tin hoc filegroups sau khi filegroup chnh c a ra trc tuyn. Snapshot restore: Phc hi mt nh chp CSDL thay v mt bn sao lu c s d liu y quay v CSDL ti thi im sao lu snapshot.

Logical sequence number (LSN): theo di th t sao lu xy ra trn mt c s d liu. RECOVERY: S dng cc ty chn s dng trong cc script a c s d liu ca bn online NORECOVERY: S dng ty chn trong cc script cho php CSDL ca bn c cc bn ghi giao dch b sung hoc sao lu khc bit p dng cho n. Online restore: M t nhng trng thi CSDL khi khi phc li cc b phn hoc mnh ca bn Offline restore: M t trng thi c s d liu khi mt khi phc li c xy ra, v c s d liu khng chp nhn cc giao dch.

Tm quan trng ca m hnh phc hi

Trong chng 11: cc m hnh phc hi khc nhau c sn trong SQL Server. Nh rng, cc m hnh phc hi c la chn s xc nh cc ty chn c sn ca bn khi thi gian n khi phc li c s d liu ca bn.R rng, k t khi bn khng th ly mt bn sao lu log giao dch nu c s d liu ca bn bng cch s dng m hnh phc hi n gin, bn l gii hn khi phc li c s d liu ca bn vi cc sao lu y cui cng, nhng c mt s sc thi t r rng hn vi cc m hnh phc hi c s d liu.V d, nu bn chn cc m hnh phc hi s lng ln-log, bn c th hoc c th khng th s dng sao lu log giao dch ca bn thc hin mt im phc hi trong thi gian.Nu khng c giao dch s lng ln xy ra trong giao dch sao lu log ca bn, bn c th thc hin mt im trong thi gian phc hi, nhng nu c mt giao dch s lng ln, bn phi khi phc li ton b cc bn ghi giao dch. Hy chc chn rng m hnh phc hi m bn chn cho php bn thc hin cc yu cu kinh doanh c quy nh bi t chc ca bn p ng nhu cu phc hi cho cc ng dng ca bn. V d, nu cc yu cu ch nh m bn cn c th phc hi d liu ca bn n mt im c th trong thi gian, sau cc m hnh phc hi n gin c th khng l mt trong nhng tt nht s dng trn c s d liu ca bn. Li khuyn tt nht chng ti c th cung cp cho bn l lm cho chc chn rng bn hiu nhng hn ch ca s phc hi m hnh m bn chn. ng ch i cho n khi h thng ca bn hoc bn cn khi phc ca bn c s d liu nhn ra rng bn la chn cc m hnh phc hi sai. Tin tng chng ti bo co qun l m bn khng th phc hi d liu bi v bn s dng s phc hi sai m hnh khng phi l mt tnh hung th v. Dnh thi gian ln pha trc, xem xt cc m hnh phc hi ca tt c cc c s d liu ca bn, bao gm c nhng ngi m bn gn nh chc chn c thit lp thch hp m hnh phc hi, v sau m bo cc m hnh phc hi c thit lp mt cch chnh xc thc hin yu cu kinh doanh.

Thc hnh chin lt phc hi

Ty thuc vo chin lc sao lu c chn, phc tp v s lng thi gian ca chin lc phc hi ca bn s khc nhau. Bt k chin lc phc hi la chn ca bn, hy chc chn rng bn dnh mt cht

thi gian th nghim chin lc. Danh sch di y cung cp mt s li ch ca thc hnh chin lc phc hi ca bn. Thc hnh l Mt qu trnh xc minh cho php bn m bo chin lc phc hi ca bn p ng doanh nghip ca bn yu cu. Mt khi bn m phng cc kch bn khc nhau m s yu cu bn khi phc li c s d liu ca bn v xc nhn rng bn c th phc hi mt cch chnh xc, bn c th Ti liu chin lc phc hi ca bn c th p ng yu cu ca bn. Mt phng php xc minh rng bn sao lu tt phc hi. 1 c xc nh trc chu kz, bn nn khi phc li bn sao lu ca bn m bo rng h khng phi tham nhng l c th s dng. ng ch i cho n khi bn cn sao lu ca bn xc nhn rng bn sao lu tt. Hy nh rng, Cng vic ca bn l chc chn rng bn khng b mt d liu. Thng xuyn xc nhn sao lu ca bn lm tng c hi m bn s c th phc hi thnh cng. V vy, dnh mt t thi gian chng thc bn sao lu c s d liu ca bn, ti liu ngy v thi gian trong xc nhn ca bn xy ra. Bng cch , qun l c th l mt cht tha th trong s kin ny sao lu c s d liu khng s dng c. Mt c hi thc hnh khi bn khng phi chu p lc. Khi h thng i xung, c l mt rt nhiu qun l{ v ngi s dng p lc c c h thng tr li v c sn mt cch nhanh chng. Thoi mi vi chin lc phc hi ca bn s gip gim bt mt s p lc . Hy suy ngh v n: Khi bn bit cc ty chn khi phc c sn cho bn, rng bn sao lu l tt bi v bn kim tra chng bng cch khi phc li chng, bn c th p ng cc doanh nghip yu cu, v rng bn thc hnh v phc hi c s d liu hng trm ln, sau bn c th thoi mi khi phc li c s d liu di p lc. Mt khc tay, nu bn khng bit nu bn c cc bn ghi giao dch hoc sao lu khc bit, hoc bn c khng kim tra bt kz bn sao lu t my ch trong hn mt nm, sau p lc ca h thng l xung c th thm mt s cng thng khng cn thit tnh hnh. V vy, chng ti khuyn khch bn thc hnh chin lc ca bn phc hi m bo rng bn sn sng khi thi gian n. Mt c s xc nh s lng thi gian cn phc hi c s d liu ca bn (s). Cu hi u tin bn s c yu cu khi ngi s dng xa d liu v bn phi i n mt sao lu, hoc khi mt my ch i xung v bn phi di chuyn c s d liu khc my ch, l th ny: bao lu n s i trc khi h thng c sn? Thc hnh ca bn chin lc phc hi s cho php bn cung cp cc c tnh tt hn trong cuc khng hong. Cung cp mt c tnh khng chnh xc cho s lng thi gian m n s lm phc hi h thng ca bn ch thm au u ca bn, c bit l nu qu trnh ny mt nhiu thi gian hn bn c tnh.ti liu s lng thi gian cn thit khi phc li mi c s d liu trn mt my ch cng vi cc

s lng thi gian cn chuyn c s d liu t lu tr off-site ca bn. c nhng ngi thi gian c sn s gip chun b tt c cc bn lin quan khi khi phc li h thng ca bn. Thoi mi v tinh thn. Khi bn thc hnh, thc hnh, v thc hnh chin lc phc hi ca bn, sau l tng s t tin ca bn khi ni n kh nng ca bn phc hi khi nhng iu xu xy ra vi h thng ca bn. Bit rng bn c th phc hi t bt kz tnh hung no s gip bn ng vo ban m. N cng gip bn chun b qun l cho cc im tht bi tim nng v vin tr trong cc cuc tho lun cho cc gii php c tnh sn sng cao. K t khi mt phn trch nhim ca bn nh l mt c s d liu qun tr i hi bn phi gim thiu mt mt d liu, thc hnh v m bo hiu lc ca chin lc phc hi ca bn s gip bn li lm vic khi a khng, my ch v tai nn, hoc khi cc loi thin tai nh cng. Chng ti hy vng rng sau khi c mt s trong nhng li ch trc hnh phc hi ca bn chin lc, bn s lm cho thi gian thc hnh phc hi h thng ca bn. L mt DBA, bn nn nim t ho trong vic bo m rng cc chin lc phc hi p ng v vt qu s mong i ca kinh doanh.