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Bao cao semanar GVHD: Nguyen Th Hien
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CHNG 1
GII THIEU CHUNG VE SAN PHAM XUC XCH
Doc cac ng pho ln thanh pho, nhieu ngi thng bat gap hnh anh cac xe
ban m hot dog. Xuc xch, lap xng, hot dogang tr thanh nhng mon co the che
bien nhanh va thong dung. Viet Nam ch pho bien vai loai xuc xch, trong khi o
chau Au a phat trien ti ca ngan loai xuc xch.
Lch s cua mon xuc xch
Chnh ngi Trung Hoa, cach nay khoang 2500 nam, a lam ra loai xuc xch, kho
chang ra kho, t chang ra t va goi o la lap xng.
Lap xng thoat au lam bang tht cu thai nho, p muoi, ng, hanh, tieu,
ru va bot au nanh. Sau nay mi oi sang lam bang tht heo. Co le do khau v, dan
Trung Hoa khong thch loai tht len men lactic co v chua (mot hnh thc bao quan),
nh nhieu loai xuc xch ta thng thay ngay nay, nen trong lap xng ho thng dung
khoang 10% ng va 2% muoi e bao quan. Tht c nhoi vao ruot ong vat va say
tren bep than khoang 56 gi.
Vai tram nam sau o, ngi La Ma, Hy Lap mi c nem mui xuc xch va phat
trien rat nhieu loai xuc xch gan nh nhng loai xuc xch ngay nay cua chau Au.
Thoat au xuc xch nhoi tiet, nhoi ganroi cai thien hn, nhoi vi tht bam s hay
cat nho. Sau nay phang them, nhoi vi nhu tng tht (tht nghien mn) nh cha lua
cua ta c gia nhuyen. Sau o c len men, xong khoi e bao quan. Chnh loai xuc
xch nay mi c xem la co nguon goc chau Au.
Hot dog co phai la xuc xch?
Xin ng dch hot dog sang tieng Viet, v se chang hnh dung c g, chang khac
nao ngi ngoai quoc tm cach dch ch ao dai cua ta vay.
Hot dog la mon an pho bien My. Ngi c va ngi Ao ang tranh gianh chu
quyen nguon goc mon an nay. c cho rang hot dog xuat x t thanh pho Frankfurt.
Con Ao cho rang no xuat x t thanh Vienna (Wien), bang chng la hot dog con co
ten la Wiener.
Du tranh cai the nao i na th hot dog van la ten My 100%. So la hoi nam 1901,
co nhng xe nay ban xuc xch dachshund khu Pol Grounds (New York). Dachshund
la ten mot loai cho c. Mot hoa s My chuyen ve tranh biem hoa the thao anh van
t Dachshund mot cach kho khan, nen a goi luon mon xuc xch nong o nay la hot
dog va chet ten nay luon t o en nay.
Hot dog la loai xuc xch trong o tht c nghien mn, an kep vi banh m. Nhng
ngi kho tnh se khong ng nh vay. Theo ho, xuc xch phai lam t tht bam, hay xat
nho, ch khong nghien mn.

Xuc xch tren th trng
Xuc xch hien nay a so lam t tht hon hp tht heo, bo, co khi la t tht ga, ca,
tom va ca xuc xch chay lam t au nanh. Tht va gia v c nhoi trong ruot suc vat,
xong khoi hay len men e bao quan c lau.
Con bao xuc xch rat a dang, co loai c nhoi trong ruot suc vat chang han xuc
xch Frankfurter, dung ruot cu. Cung co loai dung ruot heo. Mot so xuc xch khac
dung bao collagen, lam t da bo. Hai loai bao xuc xch tren, ruot thu vat va
collagen co the an c va cho cam giac can st va dai.
Cong nghe xuc xch hien ai oi hoi san xuat hang loat, kch thc san pham
ong eu, ngi ta dung them bao cellulose trong lam t bot go cung kha pho bien
tren th trng. Loai nay khong an luon bao c.
Mot loai xuc xch khac rat pho bien c lam t plastic xanh, o, vangBao
plastic co hai loai: loai chu nhiet va loai thng. Loai bao chu nhiet, sau khi nhoi
nhu tng tht va gia v, em un nhiet o tren 120
0
C (tiet trung tng t nh tht
hop). u iem cua xuc xch tiet trung la co the bao quan nhiet o thng vai thang,
nhng do x ly nhiet o cao nen cau truc cung nh v khong con nhng net ac
trng nh xuc xch thong thng.


CHNG 2
CONG NGHE SAN XUAT XUC XCH TIET TRUNG
4. 60# l|0
I. Nguyen lieu chnh:
Nguyen lieu chnh e san xuat xuc xch co hai loai: tht heo va tht bo. Tht c
mua tai cac lo giet mo a co giay phep hoat ong va a qua kiem soat ve sinh thu y.
Nha may con tien en viec xay dng day chuyen giet mo rieng e cung cap nguyen
lieu cho che bien.
1. Tht:
a. Gia tr dinh dng
Gia tr dinh dng chnh cua tht la nguon protein mo c. o la loai protein
hoan thien, cha u 8 loai acid amin khong thay the(valin, leucin, isoleucin, metionin,
threonin, pheninalanin, triptophan va lysin) va co t le can oi.
Protein co san hay c a vao trong thc pham tao cho thc pham co gia
tr dinh dng cao. No la thanh phan khong the thieu trong tat ca cac c the song, no
tham gia tao cau truc va am nhan mot so chc nang quan trong nh: van chuyen, xuc
tac, ieu hoa
Protein la hp phan chu yeu, quyet nh cac ac trng cua khau phan thc
an. Neu thieu protein trong che o an hang ngay se dan en nhieu bieu hien xau cho
sc khoe nh suy dinh dng, sut can mau, cham ln oi vi tre em, giam kha nang
mien dch va kha nang chong cua c the oi vi mot so benh .
Thieu protein se anh hng xau en hoat ong bnh thng cua nhieu c
quan chc nang nh gan, tuyen noi tiet va he than kinh, lam thay oi thanh phan hoa
hoc va cau tao hnh thai cua xng(lng canxi giam, lng magie tang cao). Do vay
mc protein chat lng tot(protein cha ay u cac acid amin khong thay the vi t le
hp ly) la can thiet trong khau phan thc an cho moi la tuoi.
Tht cung cap cac chat can thiet cho c the: sat(Fe), ong(Cu), photpho(P),
magie(Mg) cung mot so cac vitamin B
1
(thiamin), B
2
(riboflavin), PP(niacion), A...
b. Tnh nang cong nghe
Trong cong nghe san xuat thc pham, protein co vai tro het sc quan trong.
No la chat co kha nang tao cau truc, tao hnh khoi, tao trang thai cho cac thc pham.
Nh kha nang nay mi co quy trnh san xuat ra cac san pham tng ng t cac
nguyen lieu giau protein . Protein con gian tiep tao ra chat lng cho cac thc pham,
protein co kha nang co nh mui.
Kha nang tao gel cua protein :
Khi cac phan t b bien tnh t tap hp lai e tao thanh mot mang li
protein co trat t th hien tng o goi la s tao gel.
Kha nang tao gel la mot tnh chat rat quan trong cua nhieu he thong
protein va ong vai tro chu yeu trong viec tao cau truc, hnh thai. o la c s e che
bien ra nhieu loai san pham thc pham.
Kha nang tao gel cua protein chang nhng c s dung e tao o cng,
o an hoi ma con e cai bien kha nang hap thu nc, tao o day, tao lc lien ket
gia cac tieu phan cung nh e lam ben cac nhu tng.
Cac protein cung co the tao gel bang cach cho tng tac vi cac chat ong
tao gel nh cac polysaccarit nham lam thanh cau noi gia cac hat, do o gel tao ra co
o cng va o an hoi cao.
c. Tieu chuan nguyen lieu
Nguyen lieu khi a vao san xuat phai ap ng cac tieu chuan do nha may
e ra e san pham am bao c van e ve sinh thc pham ve cac ch tieu cam quan,
hoa l, vi sinh...
Tieu chuan cho xuc xch:
9 Nac heo:
Gom tat ca cac loai nac trong con heo c tinh loc m bam ben ngoai, t le
mang m khong qua 2%.
Khong sot xng, da, long, gan ln.
9 Nac bo:
Nac ui, vai, fillet, gau day
Tinh loc sach gan, bay nhay, m, tht bam.
Tieu chuan ngyen lieu tht che bien
Qui nh chung:
9 Kiem soat ve sinh thu y:
_ Tat ca cac loai nguyen lieu tht s dung che bien eu phai qua kiem soat ve
sinh thu y
_ Tht nhap t ngoai nha may phai co giay chng nhan kiem soat ve sinh thu y
9 tieu chuan cam quan
trang thai:
_ Tht ti, co o an hoi cao, vet cat mong nc nhng khong r nc, be mat
khong nht.
_ Khong con sot gan, xng, sun, long, to chc c khong bam dap, tu huyet,
xuat huyet, abces
_ Tht nhiem gao, sarcos khong c dung che bien dang mieng ma phai a
vao che bien dang xay
mau sac:
_ Khong c phep co mau o bam, nau am, xam hay tai nhat, xanh
tht, m khong b nhiem sac to vang
mui v:
_ Khong co mui oi cua tht b bien chat, cua m b oxy hoa gat dau
_ Khong co mui heo noc, khang sinh hay hoa chat x l
_ Khong co v la nh man, chua, chat
ve sinh:
_ Bao b kn, sach se
_ Tht, m khong dnh vat la nh: at, cat, phan, dau nht, day buoc, giay, la
cay
o ong lanh:
_ Tht lanh ong phai co nhiet o tam tht 8
0
C
9 tieu chuan hoa sinh
o pH:
_ tht ti: 5.66.0
_ tht lanh: 5.36.0
lng NH3:
_ tht ti: 20mg/100gr
_ tht lanh: 40mg/100gr
lng H2S: am tnh
Han the: khong c co
9 Tieu chuan vi sinh:
_ tong so vi khuan hieu kh: 1000000/gr
_ E.coli: 100/gr
_ staphilococus aureus: 100/gr
_ salmonella: 0/25gr
Bang [1]: tieu chuan nguyen lieu cho xuc xch
Yeu cau Ten ch tieu
Tht bo lanh ong
(TCVN 5503-1991)
Tht heo lanh ong
(TCVN 4377-1993)
Ben ngoai Khoi tht ong cng, lanh
dnh tay. Be mat kho, khi
go co tieng vang. Co the
co mot t tuyet mong tren
be mat. ay cua khoi tht
khong co lp dch mong va
cac iem ong nc ong
bang
Vuong van, ong cng,
lanh dnh tay. Be mat kho,
khi go co tieng vang. Co
the co mot t tuyet mong
tren be mat, ay cua khoi
tht khong co lp dch
mong va cac diem ong
nc ong bang
Mau sac o gach nhat thoang xen
lan trang uc cac mo lien
ket va trang vang cua m
Mau hong ti ac trng
cua tht, chen lan mau
trang uc cua sa la m
2. M
Lipid tap trung nhieu nhat mo m. Chat beo co nhieu tnh nang: cung cap
nang lng cho c the, tao s ngon mieng va mau no. no la chat giup c the hap thu
cac vitamin hoa tan trong chat beo nh: A, D, E, F (hon hp cac acid khong no, khong
thay the).
Thanh phan chu yeu cua m la triglycerit. Cac acid beo trong glycerit gom
nhng acid beo no va khong no nh palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic,
aracchidoic...Triglycerit khong hoa tan trong nc. Tuy nhien, trong nhng ieu kien
nhat nh di tac dung cua chat nhu hoa, chung co the tao dang nhu tng vi nc.
Tuy theo pH cua tht ma dung loai m phu hp: tht co pH cao c phoi
tron vi loai m t b phan giai, tht co pH thap c dung vi m b chuyen hoa.
Co the dung m nhieu v tr khac nhau nh m lng, m uim, m ba
roi...M phai lang sach da, khong sot xng, long va cac tap chat. M co tac dung
lam tang o dnh, o beo, o bong, ngoai ra lam tang gia tr cam quan cho san pham,
giup tan dung nguyen lieu e co the giam gia thanh san pham.
3. Da
Co the dung da nhieu v tr khac nhau. Da phai c cao sach long, lang
sach m, khong co vet bam dap, da khong qua cng va day.
Da co tac dung tao cau truc ket dnh cho san pham va lam giam gia thanh
san pham.
II. Gia v
1. Muoi tinh(NaCl)
Muoi la mot gia v quan trong hang au cho con ngi, c dung trong
viec che bien tat ca cac mon an hang ngay va trong cong nghiep che bien thc
pham.
Muoi an co dang t nhien trong thc pham hoac c cho them vao vi
muc ch lam gia v hay bao quan, du dang nao th no cung mang lai nhieu li
ch ang ke.
a. Chc nang cua muoi
Tao v man, nang cao tnh ben vng san pham khi bao quan, co kha nang
cai thien mau cho san pham.
Muoi lam tang tnh ket dnh cua actin va miosin trong tht do tao ap suat
tham thau. Muoi lam nhiem vu trung hoa am, lam cho chung co kha nang gi
chat beo va nc lien ket.
Muoi co tnh sat khuan nhe co the ngan s phat trien cua mot so vi khuan
gay benh, giam s oxy hoa, lam c che cac vi sinh vat hieu kh v nuoi lam O
2
t
hoa tan trong moi trng.
Muoi NaCl khong co oc tnh nen co the s dung theo lng tuy thch, tuy
nhien do v man nen ngi ta ch s dung sao cho thc an co v va phai.
b. Tieu chuan cua muoi an dung cho che bien thc pham
Bang [2]: tieu chuan cua muoi an
MUOI TINH-TCVN(3973-1984)
Ten ch tieu Yeu cau
mau sac Trang, trong
Mui Khong co mui
V Dung dch muoi 5% co v man thuan
khiet, khong co v la
Dang ben ngoai Kho rao, ti eu, trang sach
C hat 115mm
Ham lng NaCl theo % khoi lng kho >97%
Ham lng chat khong tan trong nc
tnh theo % khoi lng chat kho
<25%

2. Bot ngot(mono glutamate natri)
Acid glutamic la mot acid ong vai tro ac biet trong che bien thc pham v
no cung vi muoi cua no khi hoa tan trong nc cho v ngot nh tht, phu hp vi san
pham. Bot ngot la muoi mononatri cua acid glutamic, co cong thc C
5
H
9
O
4
Na, ton tai
the t do trong nhieu loa thc an cha protein thong thng.
Bot ngot c dung e lam tang v cua thc an, tao v ngot giong tht.
Ngoai ra, bot ngot con tham gia tong hp nhieu acid amin, tac dung en chu trnh
phan giai glucid va chat beo, tac dung tch cc en hoat ong cua he than kinh trung
ng, ket hp vi NH
3
tao glutanin(glutanin dung giai oc A.Fenilaxetic trong c the,
cha cac benh than kinh, tim, teo c bap...)
Nhn chung bot ngot la chat ieu v co gia tr trong cong nghiep thc pham,
va ngay ca trong ba an thng ngay moi gia nh. Ham lng glutamat trong tht
cho theo bang sau:
Bang[3]: Ham lng glutamat trong tht
Loai tht Ham lng
glutamat trong
protein (%)
Ham lng
glutamat lien ket
(g/100g)
Ham lng
glutamat t do
(g/100g)
Tht heo 15.7 3.2 23.0
Tht bo 13.5 2.5 33.0

a. Yeu cau ky thuat cua bot ngot dung trong che bien
Tuy la mot chat ieu v rat can thiet trong cong nghe che bien thc pham
nhng neu bot ngot v mot ieu kien nao o ma b thay oi tnh chat, hay khong tuan
thu ve lieu lng th se la mot moi nguy cho ban than thc va cho sc khoe cua ngi
s dung.
Lieu lng s dung toi a la 10g/1000g nguyen lieu.
b. Cac ch tieu ve bot ngot qui nh theo bang so 4:
Bang [4]: Tieu chuan cua bot ngot
BOT NGOT-TCVN(1459-1974)
Ten ch tieu Yeu cau
Trang thai Bot mn, khong von cuc, de tan trong
nc, so lng iem en trong 10cm
2
< 2
Mau sac Trang
Mui Thm khong lan chua, khong tanh, khong
co mui la khac
V Ngot ac trng cua bot ngot
Ham lng nc < 0.14%
o pH cua dung dch 6.57.0
Ham lng natri glutamat > 80%
Ham lng NaCl < 18%
Sat < 0.05%
Goc sunfat(SO
4
2-
) < 0.002%

3. ng
ng c s dung trong che bien la ng saccaroza. ay la mot disaccarit.
ng co tac dung tao v ngot cho san pham, lam du v muoi, lam mem tht. Ngoai ra
ng con la chat phu gia lam giam hoat tnh cua nc. ng con ket hp vi muoi
lam tang ap suat tham thau, km ham hoat ong cua mot so vi sinh vat khi bao quan.
Cac loai ng khi s dung phai kho, tinh the ong nhat va phai tan hoan toan
trong nc.
Gi cho nitrit khoi b oxy hoa thanh nitrat, ngha la gi cho tht khong b mat
mau hong.
Lien ket vi nc bang lien ket hydro, bien nc t dothanh nc lien ket gop
phan lam giam hoat tnh cua nc, c che s phat trien cua vi sinh vat.
Lng ng dung khoang 1.52.5% khoi tht.
Tieu chuan cua ng dung cho che bien thc pham cho theo bang sau
Bang [5]: Tieu chuan cua ng
NG TINH LUYEN-TCVN(1695-1987)
Cac ch tieu Yeu cau
Hnh dang Dang tinh the tng oi eu, ti kho,
khong von
Mui v Tinh the cung nh dung dch ng trong
nc cat co v ngot, khong co mui v la
Mau sac Tat ca tinh the eu trang ong anh. Khi
pha trong dung dch nc cat th thu c
dch trong suot.
4. Toi
T xa xa toi c xem la mot trong nhng gia v hang au c khap ni tren
the gii a chuong. Toi c dung trong ba an hang ngay moi gia nh. Toi co v
hang cay, thm du, nangcao tnh chat cam quan cho thc pham.
a. Cac dc tnh quan trong cua cac hoat chat co trong toi
Khong ke en nhng kinh nghiem dan gian, cac cong trnh nghien cu tren
khap the gii ve tac dung dc tnh cua toi. Hoat chat chu yeu co tnh khang khuan
cua toi la allicin. Hoat chat nay c phan lap vao nam 1994. Khi ta ap dap tep
toi(hay nghien nat trong xuc xch), enzyme allinaz tac dung vi alliin e tao ra allicin
la chat co mui toi.
b. Cac dc tnh quan trong cua hoat chat allicin trong toi
Co tnh khang khuan manh oi vi 72 loai vi khuan va nam moc gay benh.
Chnh v the, trong xuc xch, toi con co tac dung tieu diet hay c che mot phan vi sinh
vat.
Toi lam tang sc e khang cua c the bang kha nang lam tang he mien dch-
hang rao chong nhiem trung au tien.
Toi co tac dung tot trong ieu tr benh tim mach va lam giam cholesterol
trong mau.
c. Yeu cau ky thuat cua toi trong che bien
Hnh dang: toi co tep to va eu, cac cu toi phai con trang thai nguyen ven,
khong b dap, khong b ri khoi cu.
Tnh chat: cu toi con ti, khong b sau mot, khong b nam moc, sach se va
khong lan cat at...
Sau khi kiem tra xong, toi c a vao kho nguyen lieu, khong nen e lau
ma phai a vao chuan b che bien ngay e bao toan tnh chat,
Toi sau khi lot phai c ra sach lai, ong thi kiem tra va loai bo cac tep
b h hong. Tiep o a vao ch che bien ni kho rao, sach se, thoang mat, tranh
con trung. Che ay tot e tranh vat la ri vao.
5. Gng ti
T xa, cu gng a tr thanh mot trong nhng gia v, thc an het sc quen
thuoc. ong thi no cung la v thuoc rat gan gui trong dan gian A ong. Tng t toi,
tieu, gng ngay cang pho bien tren toan the gii. Than re gng dang cu co mui thm
ac biet, v cay nong, gop phan lam tang them hng v thn ngon, hap dan khi co
mat trong san pham xuc xch tiet trung.
a. Thanh phan hoa hoc cua gng:
Qua cac qua trnh chiet xuat va cac phng phap phan tch, kiem nghien
hien ai, ngi ta a phat hien trong cu gng ham cha tren 400 hoat chat va chia
lam 4 nhom:
9 Chat nha(510%): co trong gng ti, gom shoagols va gingerols tao nen
v cay.
9 Tinh dau(23%): co trong gng kho,gom gingerone zingiberone, citral,
camphen co mui thm ac biet.
9 Chat khoang: gom cac kim loai Mg, Zn, Fe, P ...
9 Vitamin: B
1
, B
2
, B
6
, C...
b. Cac dc tnh quan trong:
Gng co hoat chat c che cac vi khuan gram(-) va gram(+), vi khuan
E.coli, Proteus vulgaris, Samonella typhimurium...
Gng co kha nang ieu chnh mot cach hieu qua cac roi loan tieu hoa do thc
an, ru..., co tac dung boi bo the lc, ha nhiet trong ieu tr cac chng nong sot, cam
cum, au bung...
Gng co mat trong xuc xch tiet trung ngoai tac dung nang cao hng v con co
tac dung tao cho san pham co gia tr dinh dng cao.
c. Yeu cau ky thuat cua gng trong che bien
Hnh dang: gng co nhanh to, t nhanh nho, nguyen ven, khong b dap.
Tnh chat: gng con ti, khong b sau mot
6. Bot tieu en
Cung giong nh toi, tieu cung la mot loai gia v thng dung trong moi gia
nh. Hat tieu co v cay nong, ngot, mui thm rat ac biet. Khi hat tieu co mat trong
thc pham, no se lam tang hng v, tao s hap dan.
a. Thanh phan hoa hoc chnh cua hat tieu:
Trong thi gian gan ay, ngi ta a phan tch c trong hat tieu co 2 thanh
phan hoat chat chnh:
Tinh dau(12.5%): cha cac chat pinen, limonen, phellandren...
Chat nha(810%): cha cac alcaloid
9 Chu yeu la piperin(58%)
9 Chavicin: la chat ong phan vi piperin
9 Piperettin: la amid cua piperidin va acid piperettic.
b. Cac dc tnh quan trong:
Tinh dau tieu: co tac dung lam giam au, li tieu, nhuan trang, khang
khuan, khang viem...
Piperin: co tac dung lam gia tang tnh kha dung sinh hoc(bioavailability) cua
nhieu chat dinh dng thiet yeu cho c the...
Tuy nhien cung khong c s dung tieu lieu qua cao v co the gay ngo
oc tieu: co giat, xung huyet.
Yeu cau ky thuat cua hat tieu trong che bien cho theo bang sau:
Bang [6]: Yeu cau ky thuat cua bot tieu en
BOT TIEU EN-TCVN(5387-1994)
Ten ch tieu Yeu cau
Trang thai Ti, mn, kho, khong lan tap chat, c hat
nho hn 0.2mm
Mau sac Mau xam
Mui v Cay nong t nhien, mui thm ac trng
Nam moc, sau mot Khong co
Ham lng am < 13%
Chat khong bay hi chiet c(% khoi 6%
lng chat kho)
Tinh dau bay hi(ml/100g khoi lng
kho)
1
Ham lng piperin(% khoi lng kho) 4%
Tro tong so(% khoi lng kho) < 6%
Tro khong tan trong acid(% khoi lng
kho)
< 1.2%

7. t bot
t cung la mot loai gia v rat pho bien trong ba an hang ngay. t c trong
khap ni, sau khi thu hoach co the dung an ti hay che bien thanh bot(t bot).
t la mot loai rau co cha nhieu vitamin C nhat. Ngoai ra, con co nhieu chat
co hoat tnh vitamin A(tien vitamin A nh , , caroten, khi a vao c the se
chuyen thanh vitamin A); cac vitamin nhom B nh B
1
,B
2
,B
3,
vitamin

E.
Trong t cay co cha mot lng capsaicine C
18
H
27
NO
3
la mot loai alcaloid co
v cay, tao cam giac ngon mieng, kch thch tieu hoa. Hoat chat nay co dc tnh giup
c the phong c s hnh thanh cac cuc mau ong, giam au do viem, ngan can cac
chat gay ung th. Mau sac cua t do sac to capxathin va hng v rutin c s dung
rat nhieu trong thc pham.
Yeu cau ky thuat cua t trong che bien xuc xch tiet trung
Cong nghe che bien xuc xch tiet trung dung t bot xuat khau lam gia v nen
chat lng t cung c am bao bi nha cung cap. Tuy nhien, e co the giam c
cac moi nguy t nguyen lieu trong qua trnh che bien, t bot cung phai c kiem tra
nh ky cac ch tieu theo bang sau:
Bang [7]: Yeu cau ky thuat cua t bot trong che bien
T BOT TCVN(2080-1986)
Cac ch tieu Yeu cau
Trang thai Mn, ti
Mau sac Co mau ac trng cua t(t o en o
cam) ong eu tren mot n v bao goi
Mui v Mui thm, v cay ac trng cua t
Tap chat Khong c co
Con trung song moi giai oan Khong c co
Nam moc ang phat trien Khong c co
o am(theo % khoi lng) <10
Ham lng tro toan phan(% khoi lng
chat kho)
<9
Ham lng tro khong tan trong acid HCl
10%(% khoi lng chat kho)
<0.9
o mn(100% khoi lng lot qua ray co <90
ng knh lo 0.5mm)

III. Phu gia
1. Muoi nitrit
Trc ay, nitrat hien dien nh la chat nhiem t nhien trong muoi dung e che
bien xuc xch. Nhng nha hoa hoc ve sau a tach c hon hp nitrat va sau o c
tao thanh tnh c di dang KNO
3
. trong qua trnh x ly dai, nitrat thc s b vi khuan
phan huy thanh nitrit. Nitrit c cho vao hon hp xuc xch trc tiep thong thng
di dang NaNO
2
. v muoi nitrit co tnh oc nen khi s dung phai tuan thu tuyet oi
ve nong o va lieu lng.
a. Chc nang cua muoi nitrit:
On nh mau hong t nhien cua tht khi gia nhiet, tang mau cua tht a x ly.
Tang hng v va cau truc cho san pham.
Tieu diet va c che cac vi sih vat.
Km ham s oxy hoa lipid.
Ion nitrit ong vai tro va la chat kh, va la chat oxy hoa. Trong moi trng
acid, chung b oxy hoa tao thanh acid nitroic. Sau o chung b phan huy tiep tao thanh
ocid nitrit(NO). ay la phan ng ong vai tro quan trong trong qua trnh tao mau cho
tht.
Mau o cua tht do mioglobin tao thanh do co nhom hem cha ion Fe
2+
. Qua
tac dung oxy hoa, mioglobin b chuyen thanh metmioglobin co cha ion Fe
3+
co mau
nau. Khi che bien nhiet va co mat oxy khong kh, mioglobin chuyen thanh
ferrihemochrome, cha Fe
3+
va cung co mau nau. Khi co nitrit, ocid nitrit phan ng
vi mioglobin trong ieu kien kh e tao thanh nitrosomioglobin. Nitrosomioglobin
rat ben nhiet, co mau nau o do co cha ion Fe
2+
. Phan ng nay nh sau:

Globin Globin
N N N N
Fe + NO Fe + H
2
O
N N N N
H
2
O NO
mioglobin nitrosomioglobin
Khi tht b oxy hoa trc e tao thanh metmioglobin va ocid nitrit se phan
ng vi nitrosomioglobin ong thi ocid nitrit co kha nang phan ng vi porphirin co
chacatalase, peroxidase, cytochrome va mot so chat khacco kha nang chong lai tac
ong cua vi sinh vat...
Muoi nitrit lam c che s phat trien cua vi sinh vat va gay hong thc pham,
lam cham s gia tang mui oi san pham.
Ngoai ra, oi vi cac san pham tht, natri nitrit co kha nang c che s tao
thanh oc to cua clostridium botulinium.
b. Cac yeu to anh hng en cng o mau
9 Ham lng cac chat sac to co trong tht.
9 Mc o t phan cua tht trc khi p.
9 Nong o chat kh va pH cua tht.
9 Nhiet o tht va thi gian p.
9 Muoi nitrit co mat trong tht se c che hoac kh hoat tnh cua enzyme, lam
ngng cac phan ng trong cac qua trnh trao oi chat trong te bao vi sinh
vat. Chnh v vay ma qua trnh p muoi phan ln cac vi sinh vat co trong
tht hay nhiem t ben ngoaivao la rat t.
c. Tao ap suat tham thau va trch ly protein:
Tht trong khi p do co s chenh lech nong o cua cac protein tan, cac acid
amin t do, cac chat chiet co cha nit hay khong cha nit, mot so khoang vitamin
chuyen vao trong dung dch nc muoi lam cho tht mat tnh mem mai. nong o
muoi thch hp th o hoa tan cua protein se at yeu cau. Qua trnh nay rat quan trong
trong viec tao nhu tng sau nay.
9 Nitrat natri dung dang bot trang hay co mau vang that nhat, tan that tot trong
nc lanh, de tan hn trong nc nong, trong dung dch amoniac, nhng tan t
trong con va trongncac dung moi khac. Muoi nitrit s dung cha t 9698%
NaNO
2
.

9 Lieu

lng cho phep s dung oi vi ngi la 00.4 mg/kg the trong/ngay,
con oi vi thc pham phai am bao lng nitrit khong qua 125ppm.

2. Hng lieu
Mot so hng lieu tao mui, hng thm ac trng cho tng san pham nh
mui heo, bo, toi.
Khi s dung hng lieu can chu y en cac quy nh sau: khong cha cac vi
sih vat co anh hng en sc khoe cua cong ong vi mc co the phat trien trong cac
ieu kien bao quan bnh thng. Khong cha bat ky cac chat nao co nguon goc t vi
sinh vat vi mot lng co the gay hai cho sc khoe.
3. Polyphotphat
Photphat tho c tm thay dang nguon khoang t nhien, c bien oi
thanh mot dang acid photphoric tinh khiet dung trong thc pham. Tiep o c trung
hoa vi kiem(NaOH, KOH tng ng) e tao thanh orthor-photphat. Sau o cac
polyphotphat khac nhau nh pyrophotphat, tripolyphotphat, cac ai phan t meta-
photphat c tao thanh trong qua trnhnphan ng nhiet o cao(250800
0
C) t cac
ty le bien oi cua cac orthorphotphat khac nhau.
a. Cac loai phu gia polyphotphat TARI gom co:

Phu gia TARI-K _phu gia ac dung cho tht cat lat hoac cat
mieng
Phu gia TARI-P _phu gia photphat ac dung cho tht nau,
p
Phu gia TARI-Colpur _cac chat lam day mau,gi mau
Phu gia TARI-Complet _cac hp chat tron ven dung cho nc tht
the nhu tng va cac san pham tht nau, p
Phu gia TARI-S _cac tac nhan e p xuc xch tho/ xuc xch
kho.
Phu gia TARI-L _phu gia ac biet cho cac ng dung khac
nhau
Phu gia Taroma _cac hng v co chat lng cao lam tang
them v ngon cua xuc xch va cac san pham
tht nau, tht p
Phu gia TARIPROT _am protein thc vat va protein ong vat
chon loc cho che bien tht
Phu gia TARIMIX _cac san pham tien dung vi cac loai gia v
tieu bieu
b. Cha nang cua polyphotphat trong qua trnh che bien xuc xch tiet trung
Polyphotphat cai thien kha nang nhu hoa va kha nang gi nc cua tht trong
qua trnh che bien. Tuy theo ac dung cua tng san pham ma dung loai
Tari-K, Tari-P, Tari-L,...cho phu hp.
Tari-L co tac ung lam kh mau, mui va bao quan thc pham
Tari-K, Tari-P co cac chc nang c ban sau:
9 Hoat hoa protein trong tht: polyphotphat co kha nang trch ly am protein
dang c si ra khoi tht cao hn va nhanh hn, lam san ket lai trong khoi
san pham nau thanh ket cau protein ben vng trong qua trnh x ly nhiet
tiep theo.
9 Lam chat em hay lam on nh pH cua tht
9 Tao o gion va dai cho san pham
9 c che va tieu diet mot phan vi sinh vat: s co mat cua polyphotphat trong
che bien thc pham co tac dung lam cham s sinh trng va lam giam kha
nang chong chu cua vi sinh vat. Polyphotphat con co kha nang tieu diet vi
sinh vat nhanh hn trong cung mot thi gian un nong va cung mot nhiet
o, ac biet oi vi vi khuan gram (+).
9 Tang cng lien ket nc trong nhu tng: neu ong thi cho muoi
an(khoang 23%) va polyphotphat(0.30.5%) se co tac dung lam tang kha
nang lien ket nc v tren thc te no co the thay the chc nang t nhien
cua ATP nen tht sau ra ong co the tang kha nang lien ket nc.
c. Cho them polyphotphat vao nc muoi se em lai cac li iem sau:
Phan phoi nc muoi tot hn trong jambon, toi u hoa qua trnh p, tam.
Trch ly toi u protein tht.
Tang cng kha nang lien ket nc, ket qua la giam lng nc t do va
giam cac hao hut trong che bien.
San ket toi u khi cat lat do trch ly c vi so lng ln cac protein dang
si tht bao phu len be mat.
Vi s ho tr cua cac polyphotphat, viec dung cac cong nghe hien ai e che
bien cac san pham tht nau p se hu hieu hn.
Dung polyphotphat se bu lai cac pham chat khac nhau cua tht nguyen lieu.
Cai thien cac ac tnh cam quan: o san chac, mau sac, o ti mem.
Tang them cac gia tr dinh dng, cam quan va ho tr mui v tieu bieu cua
san pham tht.
Co the dung qua trnh un nau vi nhiet manh hn. Do o ma ben vng vi
vi khuan, co ngha la thi gian bao quan san pham se dai hn.
Lieu lng cho phep(tnh theo P
2
O
5
): 9g/kg.
4. Vitamin C
Cong thc cau tao cua vitamin C cho thay no la mot dan xuat cua ng.
Vitamin C co 14 ong phan va ong ang. Cac chat nay phan biet nhau bi so lng
nguyen t C bat oi va dang kh hoac dang oxi hoa. Trong moi trng acid, vitamin
C kha on nh. V vay, khi chiet rut vitamin C t trai cay, ngi ta thng dung acid
tricloacetic hoac metaphotphoric, hoac ieu che vitamin C t D-glucoza .
Tac dung cua vitamin C:
Giup chong oxy hoa tht trong qua trnh che bien, bao quan. No phan ng vi
O
2
, ngan O
2
tiep xuc phan ng vi cac thanh phan cua tht, vi nitrit nen giup nh
mau cho san pham, tang nhanh kha nang tao mau cho san pham.
Vitamin C lam giam lng nitrit d(neu co),ngan can s tao thanh notrosamin,
lam tang gia tr dinh dng cho san pham. No la loai vitamin rat can thiet oi vi c
the con ngi.
Vitamin C chiem lay O
2
trong khong kh, ngan can s phat trien cua vi khuan
hieu kh.
Lieu lng s dung < 500g/kg.
Trong qua trnh bao quan, khongc e lan vitamin C va muoi nitrit vi nhau
va tranh s tac ong cua anh sang, cac kim loai...
Vitamin C dung trong thc pham phai dang ket tinh, mau trang. Mot gam tan
trong 3.5ml nc hay trong 30ml etanol, khong tan trong dau m.
IV. Phu lieu
1. Nc a vay:
Co vai tro rat quan trong trong qua trnh che bien, giup cho viec gi nhiet o
can thiet trong qua trnh xay(ha niet o do s ma sat xay ra gia cac dao va nguyen
lieu a vao), la dung moi hoa tan cac chat phu gia.
Nc a vay anh hng en kha nang tao nhu tng, tham gia vao viec tao
cau truc va trang thai cua san pham thc pham che bien, ong thi lam tang o am
cung nh trong lng cua san pham.
Nc a vay tuan theo tieu chuan nc uong c trnh bay bang sau:
Bang [8]: Tieu chuan nc uong(TCVN 5501-1991)
Ten ch tieu Yeu cau
o trong
o uc
o mau
Mui v xac nh bang cam quan 20
0
C va
60
0
C
Ham lng can khong tan
Ham lng can hoa tan
o pH
o cng toan phan
Ham lng clorur
Ham lng nitrit
Ham lng sat tong so
Ham thuy ngan
Tong so VKHK
Tong so Coliforms(vi khuan/100ml)
Tong so Coliforms phan(vi khuan/100ml)
Tong so C. perfringens(vi khuan/100ml)
>100cm
<1.5g/l
<5
khong phat hien

<10mg/l
<500mg/l
68.5
<300mgCaCO
3
/l
<300mg/l
<0.1mg/l
<0.3mg/l
<0.01mg/l
khong c co
<200 khuan lac/1ml
khong c co
khong c co
2. Protein au nanh
Protein au nanh la mot san pham c che bien bang cach trch ly protein t
au nanh vi ham lng protein cao(>90%), e cung cap cho cac nha che bien cac
san pham tht.
a. Chc nang cua protein au nanh trong che bien xuc xch tiet trung
Protein au nanh co tnh nang cai thien cau truc hay tao cau truc trong cac
dang san pham khac nhau(dang gel,nhu tng...), co kha nang gi nc,lien ket cac
thanh phan chat beo, protein...nhanh chonh nen c a vao trc tieptrong qua trnh
tao nhu tng. Mac du vay, nha che bien cung can het sc quan tam en thi iem
cung nh nhiet o ma protein au nanh co kha nang lien ket manh nhat.
e tao s can bang gia nguon protein ong vat va protein thc vat, cung
nh tao cho san pham xuc xch tiet trung co gia tr dinh dng cao, th viec bo sung
protein au nanh la thch hp v no co gia thanh re va co cac tnh nang cong nghe u
viet khac.
b. Thanh phan hoa hoc cua protein au nanh cho theo bang sau:
Bang [9]: Thanh phan hoa hoc cua protein au nanh
Thanh phan hoa hoc Ham lng
Protein(nit 6.25)
o am
Lipid
Tro
90.0%
6.0%
1.6%
4.5%
Protein au nanh trong che bien xuc xch tiet trung phai ap ng cac yeu cau
ky thuat sau:
Bang [10]: Yeu cau ky thuat cua protein au nanh
Cac tieu chuan Yeu cau
Mau sac
Mui
V
Tong so VKHK
Salmonella
E. Coli
Tong so te bao nam men- nam moc
Trang uc
thm
nhat
< 4 khuan lac/g
am tnh
am tnh
< 100 khuan lac/g
3. Tinh bot
Polysacarit la nhng chat e tao hnh va tao ra ket cau ac trng ve lng
cung nh ve chat cua nhieu san pham thc pham.
Tinh bot tao ra o ac, o deo, o dai, o dnh, o xop, o trong, tao mang cho
nhng thc pham khac nhau.
Polysacarit cung co the tng tac vi nhng chat khac e tao cho san pham co
nhng tnh chat c ly, mau sac va hng v nhat nh. S tng tac gia tinh bot va
protein lam cho gel protein trong cac thc pham kieu xuc xch co c o an hoi rat
ac trng.
Kha nang tao gel cua tinh bot: e tao c gel th dung dch tinh bot phai co
nonh o am ac va phai, phai c ho hoa e chuyen tinh bot thanh trang thai hoa
tan va sau o e nguoi trang rhai yen tnh. Khac vi gel protein, trong gel tinh bot
ch co duy nhat cac lien ket hydro tham gia.
Kha nang ong tao gel vi protein: tng tac gia protein va tinh bot chu yeu
la lien ket hydro va lc Van der Waals. Tinh bot va protein eu sap xep lai nhng
phan t e tao thanh gel va tng tac nhau, tinh bot co tnh chat ong tao gel vi
protein. Chnh nh kha nang nay cua tinh bot ma cac gel protein trong cac san pham
thc pham co c nhng tnh chat lu bien cung nh nhng tnh chat cam quan hap
dan hn.
Tinh bot s dung phai co o tinh khiet cao, mau trang mn, ti.

8. 00 fk t06 6F tF 8IF I0t IIt fIFf fk06
I. S O QUI TRNH


Tht
Ra ong
Ra
Can
Xay tho
Xay nhuyen, phoi
tron
Nhoi, nh lng
Tiet trung
Lam nguoi
Say kho
Dan nhan
Bao goi
San
M,
Ra ong
Can
Gia v,
phu gia
II. Thuyet minh qui trnh
1. Ra ong
Qua trnh ra ong nham muc ch chuan b cho qua trnh che bien tiep theo:
nang cao nhiet o cua tht en nhiet o theo yeu cau trong qua trnh che bien xuc xch
tiet trung.
Tht khi tr ong thng co nhiet o tam at 180C-200C. Luc nay tht ong
lai thanh mot khoi rat cng nen kho khan trong khi a vao may xay va thc hien qua
trnh xay. V vay khi ra ong, nhiet o tht tang dan, cac tinh the a tan ra dan en cac
bien oi trong cau truc tht va lam cho tht mem hn, viec xay de dang hn.
Qua trnh ra ong c thc hien trong phong chuan b co nhiet o 50C. Khi ra
ong phai thc hien cham e giam s hao hut ve lng va chat.
Chon che o ra ong nh sau:
Moi trng: khong kh t nhien, van toc oi lu V=1m/s.
Nhiet o phong: t=5
0
C.
o am:=8085
0
C.
Thi gian ra ong khoang 12gi.
2. Ra
Nguyen lieu khi ra ong thng co lp mang nhn bao phu ben ngoai, khi gap
ieu kien thch hp vi khuan se phat trien manh. V the ta phai ra va lamn sach
nguyen lieu e loai tr vi khuan phat trien trong qua tnh che bien.
Qua trnh c thc hien trong phong chuan b, ra bang voi nc ap lc manh
vi ap suat p=35kg/cm
2
.
Tht sau khi ra c lam rao bang cach thong gio t nhien hay nhan tao.
3. Xay tho
Qua trnh xay tho nham muc ch lam giam kch thc cua khoi tht lanh
ong(510kg) e tao ieu kien cho qua trnh xay nhuyen, phoi tron ve sau tren
may cutter. Tuy theo tng yeu cau ve tnh chat san pham ma co the cho muoi nitrit
vao xay tho hoac khong.
Qua trnh xay tho c thc hien trong phong che bien co nhiet o 5
0
C tren
thiet b la may mincer. Kch thc hat tht sau xay khoang =58 mm.
May mincer khi xa thc hien 2 che o tron va xay ong thi, moi me co khoi
lng khoang 3049kg.
4. Xay nhuyen
Qua trnh xay nhuyen rat quan trong, ay la giai oan ma tat ca cac thanh
phan nguyen lieu, gia v, phu gia, c nghien mn, ao tron va ket dnh lai thanh mot
khoi ong nhat, tao nen mot hon hp nhu tng ben.
Tht nac, m heo, da heo c xay tho san.
a tht a xay tho vao xay nhuyen. Va trong thi gian may hoat ong cham ta
them hon hp muoi nitrit va photphat vao. e proteinat ti mc hoat ong tot, trong
luc xay tht nen cho may quay kho vai dong sau khi them muoi nitrit va photphat.
Ngha la ta them nc a sau khi a xay c 34 vong. Them nc a vay vao tht
roi cho may quay toc o cao. Khi may a quay toc o cao c 20 vong( luc nay
nhiet o khoi tht at khoang 4
0
C), ta tiep tuc them m, da va 1/3 lng a vay vao
hon hp. Sau khi may quay them 30 vong( nhiet o at khoang 6
0
C) ta ieu khien cho
may quay cham lai roi them hng lieu va cac chat phu gia cung 1/3 lng a vay
con lai vao hon hp tht. Tiep tuc cho may hoat ong 2030 vong toc o cao. Trong
thi gian nay, tat ca tht, m, da va nc a hnh thanh nhu tng ong nhat. Sau o
dng may va vet san pham ra khoi chao xay trc khi nhiet o nhu tng vt qua
12
0
C, v khi nhiet o vt qua 12
0
C th san pham de b tach pha sau khi nau, khong
the at chat lng cam quan.
Qua trnh xay nhuyen c thc hien trong phong che bien co nhiet o 5
0
C,
thiet b xay la may cutter.
Dung tch cha cua chao la 200l, tng ng 120150kg.
Thi gian hoan tat mot me la 2530 phut.
5. Nhoi
Qua trnh nhoi chan khong nham tao cho san pham co kch thc, hnh dang va
khoi lng nhat nh, han che s co mat cua oxy trong san pham, lam giam s phat
trien cua vi sinh vat va km ham cac phan ng oxy hoa. Qua trnh nhoi giup cach ly
san pham khoi cac tac ong cua moi trng, ong thi tao ieu kiencho qua trnh tiet
trung, co nh gel, tang s lien ket cua cac cau t. Khi khoi tht c a ao pheu
nhap lieu, may bat au khi ong va ngi cong nhan ieu chnh toc o nhoi va ap
lc bm cho phu hp vi qua trnh nhoi, nham tao cho cay xuc xch co hnh dang
cang, khoi lng ong eu, am bao o chat.
Qua trnh nhoi c thc hien trong phong che bien, thiet b nhoi la may KAP
cua Nhat Ban.
Nang suat 80 cay/phut.
Ap suat nhoi 0.20.3 kg/cm
2
.
Che o nhoi nh lng theo hai quy cach: cay 40gr va cay 70gr, c ieu
chnh bang bm nh lng. Xuc xch c nhoi vao bao b PVDC co kha nang chu
nhiet cao(250
0
C) va hai au c kep chat bang clip nhom.
6. Tiet trung
Qua trnh tiet trung nham lam chn san pham, tieu diet vi sinh vat, cai thien
cau truc. nhiet o va ap suat cao, cac thanh phan trong cay xuc xch c lam chn,
cay xuc xch se trng n ong eu. Thong so cua qua trnh la: nhiet o t=121
0
C, ap
suat p=2.1at. ieu kien nh the th cac vi sinh vat con ton tai trong cay xuc xch se
b tieu diet hoan toan, ke ca loai co bao t chu nhiet nh Clostridium Botulinum.
Chnh v the, xuc xch tiet trung co the c s dung ngay ma khong can che bien va
co the bao quan ieu kien bnh thng.
Qua trnh tiet trung c thc hien trong phong x ly nhiet.
Xuc xch c sap xep ngay ngan trong cac khay inox, sau o c a vao
bon tiet trung. ay la bon tiet trung theo kieu nau t, khoi lng mot me khoang
800kg.
Cac thong so lam viec:
Ap suat oi khang P
.k
=2.3 kg/cm
2
.
Ap suat th P
t
=8 kg/cm
2
.
Nhiet o tam san pham 121
0
C.
Thi gian gi nhiet =12 phut oi vi cay 40gr, = 17 phut oi vi cay 70gr.
7. Say kho
Say kho nham tieu diet vi sinh vat hai au clip- ni co o am cao- gop phan
keo dai thi gian bao quan. Xuc xch c say trong bon tiet trung, dung khong kh
nong e lam kho san pham.
Cac thong so lam viec:
Nhiet o tam san pham t = 5055
0
C.
Thi gian say = 30 phut.
Khoi lng mot me say khoang 400500kg.
8. Hoan thien
ay la giai oan hoan tat qua trnh che bien xuc xch tiet trung. Tng cay xuc
xch se c trnh bay ep mat bang cach dan nhan, vo tui nha vi qui cach trnh
bay hap dan, nang cao gia tr s dung cua san pham. Viec hoan thien san pham tao
ieu kien thuan li cho viec phan phoi san pham en tay ngi tieu dung.
Qua trnh hoan thien c thc hien trong phong hoan thien nhiet o bnh thng.
Cong nhan dung khan lau sach va kho oi vi cay xuc xch roi dan nhan, vo bao.

t. t0 fIFf 8[
III. May mincer
May mincer dung e xay cac khoi tht ln thanh cac hat tht co kch thc nho
hn theo yeu cau e qua trnh p tht c thuan li.
1. Cau tao:
ay la dang may un truc vt, co cau tao gom nap ay cha tht hay m e
bam, mot ng xoan oc goi la vit tai chuyen tht en bo phan dao cat. Pha trc dao
cuoi cung co mot vong tren o co mot vong noi co tac dung cat t tht nhanh.
May mincer khi xay thc hien hai che o tron va xay ong thi. Kch thc hat
tht c ieu chnh theo yeu cau bi cac vong co ng knh khac nhau (tuy theo
dung 5mm, 8mm, 10mm)
2. Nguyen tac hoat ong:
at tht vao khay roi a tht vao pheu, bo
vit tai se chuyen tht en bo phan cat. May
mincer co tac dung cat tht thanh hat (dang hat
lu) trc khi cho vao may cutter e xay nhuyen.
Lu y trong qua trnh xay: phai xay nhanh
v nhiet o tht se tang nhanh trong khi cat.
3. Cac thong so ky thuat
Chieu dai: 0.8m
Chieu ngang: 0.6m
Chieu cao: 0.7m
Nang suat: 2030kg/me 5 phut
Cong suat: 7kW
IV. May cutter
Cong dung: la thiet b dung e cat m, tht, da thanh nhng phan t nhuyen va
tron tht dang nhu tng va hat nho.
1. Cau tao:
may gom nhng bo phan chnh sau:
he thong nang va o tht vao chao ng tht: xe ng tht c nang len
va o tht vao chao ng nh he thong nang thuy lc va cang nang.
Chao ng tht: co dung tch cha la 200 l, tng ng 120150 kg
Chao c quay quanh truc nh he thong motor 1.8/2.8 Hp, van toc
1500/3000 rpm.
Co hai toc o quay chao:9 vong/phut va 18 vong/phut.
Motor thuy lc: 2 Hp 1500rpm, 0.5 Hp 1500 rpm
Motor tron: 1.93.2 Hp 7501500rpm
Bm thuy lc: 7.5 Hp
He thong dao: co cac he thong dao cat 3, 6, 9, 12 dao. Tuy theo nhu cau
s dung ma dung. Trong o, he thong 6 dao a nang hn ca nen thing
c s dung.Che o quay cua dao: 40/50 Hp 1500/3000 rpm.
Toc o dao:
Toc o 1: 100 vong/phut.
He thong lay san pham ra sau khi xay: san pham sau khi xay xong c
lay ra nh he thong a quay.
He thong nap an toan: nap dao c trang b mot he thong an toan sao
cho khi nap c gi len th toan bo hoat ong cua may se ngng va
khong the ieu khien rieng mot bo phan nao.
Can vet: muon khi ong can vet th ta phai ha thap can vet xuong chao
va a vet se t ong chay. Khi nhac len th no se ngng.
He thong ham: motor quay dao phoi hp hoat ong vi ham ien bang
nguon ien trc tiep. Ham ien se hoat ong khi ta tac ong nut khan
cap. Khi an nut, chao va dao se ngng quay. Khi a ngng, ham ien se
t ong nha ra, ta ch dung ham ien trong trng hp khan cap hay khi
nguyne lieu a c xay tron xong va phai gi nap may len ngay. Neu
gi nap may len trong khi dao ang quay, ham ien se t ong hoat
ong. Khi dao ngng th ham ien cung ngng hoat ong.
2. Nguyen l hoat ong
Nguyen lieu trc khi vao may cutter phai c xay tho bang may mincer bi
cac loai o a san pham tng ng.
Tron cac thanh phan nguyen lieu:
Toc o tron 1: an nut khi ong dao, luc o en bao toc o tron 1 se sang cho
biet dao ang quay toc o 1. An nut khi ong chao, en bao toc o chao 1 sang
bao heu chao quay toc o 1.
Toc o tron 2: khi chao ang quay toc o 1, an nut khi ong mot lan na th
en bao toc o 2 se sang: dao ang quay toc o 2. An nut khi ong chao them mot
lan na, en bao toc o chao 2 se sang va chao se quay toc o 2.
Toc o tron 3: an nut khi ong dao th en bao toc o 3 se sang: dao ang quay
toc o 3. An nut khi ong chao, en bao toc o chao 3 se sang va chao se quay
toc o 3.
Toc o tron 4: an nut khi ong dao th en bao toc o 4 se sang. An nut khi
ong chao, en bao toc o chao 4 se sang va chao se quay toc o 4.
3. Thong so ky thuat:
Chieu dai: 2m
Chieu rong: 2m
Chieu cao: 1.7m
Cong suat: 5kW
Nang suat: 120kg/me 30 phut
III. May nhoi t ong
1. Cong dung: dung e nhoi nhu tng xuc xch vao vo bao PVDC, sau o bam
chat hai au bang clip nhom.
Chieu dai: 1m
Chieu rong: 1m
Chieu cao: 2.5m
Nang suat: 80 cay/phut
Ap suat nhoi 0.20.3 kg/cm
2

IV. May lam nc a vay
1. Cong dung: san xuat nc a nhuyen dung trong che bien cac san pham tht
e tao ra cac san pham dang nhu tng. Tht khi c cat trong may cat, nhiet
o cua khoi nhu tng tht tang va cau truc nhu tng se b anh hng. V the ta
bo sung nc a vay nham khong che nhiet o cua tht.
2. Cau tao:
May gom mot ng ong dan nc va mot ng ong dan gas e ieu tiet gas
t bnh gas sang bo phan trong. Pha tren trong la truc, pha di la motor quay, nc
bam tren be mat truc nh gas lam ong ri xuong. Motor quay se cat t 0a thanh
dang vay, thoi len tr6en roi ri xuong ngan cha nc a vay.
Chieu cao: 0.5m
Chieu dai: 1m
Chieu ngang: 1m
ien the s dung: 380V
Cong suat: 2.8kW
V. Bon tiet trung
1. Cong dung: dung e tiet trung san pham va say kho san pham sau khi tiet
trung. Ngoai ra, bon tiet trung nham muc ch nau chn san pham vi nhiet o
cao tao s trng n ong eu cho cau truc cay xuc xch, va tieu diet cac vi
sinh vat co hai con sot trong cay xuc xch.
2. Cau tao:
He thong gom nhieu bo phan nh bnh cha, bon tiet trung, bnh gia-giai
nhietlam viec theo che o t ong do chng trnh c cai at san.
Noi hai vo dang kn, nam ngang.
He thong giai nhiet dung thiet bo ong xoan: dong lanh i ben trong ong con
nc i ngoai ong.
Tiet trung dung nc nong:
9 Ap suat oi khang: 2.3kg/cm
2

9 Ap suat th: 8kg/cm
2

9 Nhiet o: 121
0
C
9 Thi gian gi nhiet: oi vi cay 40g: 12phut, oi vi cay 70g:
17phut
9 Nang suat: 500kg/me
Say kho dung khong kh nong:
9 Nhiet o tam san pham: 50 55
0
C
9 Thi gian say: 30phut
9 Nang suat say: 200300kg/me
9 Chieu dai bon: 4m
9 Chieu cao bon: 2m
9 ng knh: 2m
9 Cong suat: 25kW
4. Nguyen tac hoat ong: dung may bm a nc vao bon ket hp t bon nho
pha tren xa xuong cho ngap bon. Nc c bm qua thiet b gia nhiet bang
calorife, thi gian gia nhiet la 50 phut nhiet o 121
0
C. gi nhiet trong thi
gian 12 phut oi vi cay nho va 17 phut oi vi cay ln. Sau o ta tien hanh giai
nhiet khoang 20 phut. e tiet kiem nang lng, trc khi giai nhiet ngi ta
bm len bon nho khoang hn lng nc 90
0
C. xa nc lanh vao bon ln,
nhiet o ha xuong con 60
0
C, roi tiep tuc bm len bon nho mot t. Phan con lai
phai xa bo ra ngoai v trong ieu kien t nc bm khong the hoat ong.
VI. May massage
1. Cong dung: lam mem tht, tao ieu kien cho dch muoi tham eu vao trong
tht.
2. Cau tao: thiet b giong nh may tron betong-bon quay hnh qua tram, trong
co gan dang xoan, bon c at nam ngang va quay quanhtruc cua no. Ngoai ra
thung co nap ay mieng, tren nap co gan bo phan hut chan khong, bnh loc
khong kh va mot motor quay bon.
3. Nguyen tac hoat ong: cho tht vao bon ay nap lai, hut chan khong, cho bon
quay cung chieu kim ong ho nh motor. Ben trong may co cac canh tay bang
thep khong g e chuyen tht len nh may roi tht ri xuong va ap vao thung.
Trong qua trnh o, protein trong tht r ra, lien
ket vi dung dch muoi.
Nhiet o phong at may massage t 05
0
C
Chieu cao: 2.5m
Chieu dai: 2m
Chieu ngang: 1m
ien the s dung: 380V
Cong suat: 3kW
Nang suat: 800kg/me 12 gi
VII. May in date
1. Cong dung: dung in phun cac k t theo s cai at cua ngi s dung. Moi
lan in khong qua 3 dong, moi dong khong qua 60 k t .
Chieu dai: 3m
Chieu rong: 0.6m
Chieu cao: 0.6m
Cong suat: 0.5kW
VIII. May hut chan khong
1. Cong dung: hut chan khong trong cac bao b va ghep m bao b.
2. Cau tao:
Gom cac bo phan chunh nh sau:
Thanh kep ien tr
ong ho o ap suat lam viec
Ba rle thi gian
Hoat ong: cac rle thi gian c cai at san
9 Rle 1: tao tn hieu cho may hut chan khong hoat ong en thi
gian qui nh
9 Rle 2: nang thanh kep len
9 Rle 3: lam cho ien tr thanh nong len ghep m bao b, en thi
gian qui nh tao tn hieu m nap.
3. thong so ky thuat:
chieu dai: 0.8m
chieu rong: 0.6m
chieu cao: 0.6m
cong suat: 1kW
IX. May xam
1. Cong dung: la loai may co cac kimnhon dung e xam dung dch gom
polyphotphat, gia v, muoivao trong khoi tht ti, rut ngan thi gian tam p
tht, lam mem tht trc khi qua may massage
2. Cau tao:
May gom cac bo phan chnh nh sau:
Bon cha dung dch nc xam
Mang nhap lieu
Ban kim gom 36 kim
Ban gi tht
May bm dung dch
Canh khuay
Mang loc kim loai khong r
Chieu dai: 2.5m
Chieu rong: 1.2m
Chieu cao: 2.7m
Cong suat: 4.5kW

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