H NG D N GI I THI I H C MN V T L N M 2011

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B GIO DC V O TO
CHNH THC
( thi c 07 trang)
THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2011
Mn: VT L; Khi A
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht
HNG DN GII CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn A
Bc sng l khong cch gia hai im gn nhau nht trn phng truyn sng dao ng cng pha nhau
Cu 2: Chn A
+ Khi tn s ca dng in l f
1
ta c
LC f
Z
Z
L
C
. 4
1
2
1
2

(1)
+ Khi tn s ca dng in l f
2
th trong mch c hin tng cng hng nn ta c f
2
2
=
LC . 4
1
2

(2)
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c
3
2
. .
1 1 2
2
1
2
2
f
Z
Z
f f
Z
Z
f
f
L
C
L
C

Cu 3: Chn D
V m
t
< m
s
nn phn ng thu nng lng. Nng lng phn ng thu vo :
E = ( m
s
m
t
).c
2
= 0,02.931,5 = 18,63MeV
Cu 4 : Chn A
+ Khi nng lng in trng c gi tr cc i th in tch ca t in c gi tr cc i bng Q
0
+ Khi nng lng in trng bng nng lng in cc i th in tch ca t in khi l :
Ta c W
C
= .W
cmax
q =
2
0
Q
+ Thi gian in tch ca t in gim t Q
0
n
2
0
Q
l T/8 nn T = 8.1,5.10
6
s = 12.10
6
s
+ Thi gian ngn nht in tch ca t in gim t Q
0
n
2
0
Q
l T/6 = 2.10
6
s
Cu 5 : Chn D
+ Tnh t
1
: S nguyn t ch sinh ra bng s nguyn t P
0
mt i trong cng mt khong thi gian
Nn ta c t s gia s nguyn t P
o
v ch ti thi im t
1
l :
T t
T t
Pb
N
N
N
N
/
/
1
1
2 1
2

3
1
1 / 2
1
1

T
t
2
t
1
/T 1= 3 2
t
1
/T = 4 = 2
2
t
1
= 2T = 276 ngy
t
2
= 276 + 276 = 552 ngy
Vy t s gia s nguyn t P
o
v ch ti thi im t
2
l :
T t
T t
Pb
N
N
N
N
/ 2
/
2 1
2
2

15
1
1 / 2
1
2

T
t
Cu 6 : Chn B
+ Ti v tr cn bng tc ca vt c ln cc i : v
m
= A
A
v
m
( 1)
+ Ti thi im cht im c tc v, gia tc a ta c :
2 2
2
2
2
.A
a
v

+ (2) .
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c :
2
2
2 2
2
.
m
m
v
v
A a
v +
A = 5 cm
Cu 7 : Chn D
Biu thc tng qut ca sut in ng cm ng xut hin trong khung dy l
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e = E
0
.sin(t + ) = E
0
.cos(t + /2) .
i chiu vi u bi ta thy = = 180
0
Cu

8 : Chn A
+ C nng ca con lc bin thin tun hon theo thi gian l sai v c nng ca con lc khng thay i
Cu 9 : Chn C
+ Khi t in cha b ni tt mch gm hai on AM c R
1
ni

tip vi t in C, on mch MB c R
2
mc
ni tip vi cun cm thun L v trong mch c hin tng cng hng nn Z
L
= Z
C

Theo u bi cong sut ca mch khi l P
1
= 120W
V mch c cng hng in nn ta c :P
1
=
2 1
2
R R
U
+

+ Khi t in b ni tt on mch AM cn R
1
khi u
AM
cng pha vi i, cn u
MB
sm pha hn i l
MB
- Theo u bi u
AM
lch pha /3 so vi u
MB
nn u
MB
sm pha hn i l
MB
= /3 Z
L
=
2
. 3 R
Do U
AM
= U
MB
( v mch ni tip) nn R
1
= Z
MB
R
1
2
= R
2
2
+ Z
l
2
= 4R
2
2
R
1
= 2R
2
- Cng

sut ca mch khi ny l : P
2
= I
2
( R
1
+ R
2
) =
1
2
1
2
2 1
2
/
2
3 .
4
) ( R
R
U
R R
Z
U
+
=
2
1
.
4
3
U
R
(2)
T (1) v R
1
= 2R
2
ta c
1 1
2
. 3 P R U thay vo (2) ta c P
2
= 3/4P
1
= 90W
Cu 10 : Chn D
Ta c r
n
= n
2
.r
0
n
2
0

r
r
n
Vy qy o l L
Cu 11 : Chn D
+ Phng trnh phn ng ht nhn l : He Li H
4
2
7
3
1
1
. 2 +
Theo nh lut bo ton ng lng ta c
2 1
P P P
P

+
V hai ht sinh ra ging nhau c cng vn tc, bay theo hng hp vi nhau mt gc
bng 120
0
nn ng lng ca hai ht c ln bng nhau v cng hp vi nhau mt gc
120
0
Ta c gin vc t ng lng : d thy OAB u nn P
p
= P
1
= P
2
m
p
.v
p
= m

.v

4
p
p
m
m
v
v

Cu 12 : Chn C
rng cu di quang ph trn mn l :
T = OA.(tan
d
tan D
t
) =A.(D

t
) = A.(n

n
t
)
= 5,4 mm
Cu 13 : Chn C
V
V
>
lam
nn khi thay nh sng lam bng nh sng vng
th khong vn tng ln
Cu 14 : Chn A
+ ta c Z
C
= 40
+ tan
AM =
4
1
1

AM
C
R
Z
+ ta c
AM
-

MB =
-
12
7

MB =

AM
+
12
7
=
3

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t
D

A
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p
P
He1
P
He2
60
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H NG D N GI I THI I H C MN V T L N M 2011
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tan
MB
=
3 3
2
2
R Z
R
Z
L
L

Z
MB
= 2R
2
Ta c : 2 5 , 1
50
2 75

AM
MB
AM
MB
AM
MB
Z
Z
Z
Z
U
U

2 5 , 1
2 40
2
2

R
R
2
= 60 Z
L
= 3 60
H s cng sut ca mch AB l :
Cos =
2 2
2 1
2 1
) ( ) (
C L
Z Z R R
R R
+ +
+
= 0,84
Cu 15 : Chn A
+ Tnh T = 3 s
+ Thi im vt i qua v tr c li x = - 2cm = -A/2 ln th 2011 chnh l khong thi gian k t lc bt u
dao ng n khi qua v tr c li x = - 2cm ln th 2011.
+ ti t
0
= 0 ta c x
0
= A.cos = 4.cos0 = 4 vt v tr bin dng sau vt i v pha bin m, trc khi
n bin m, ln th nht vt i qua v tr c li x = - 2cm theo chiu m ( t = T/3), ln th hai vt qua v tr
x = - 2 cm theo chiu dng, ln th ba qua v tr c li x = - 2cm theo chiu m.
Vy c ln l vt qua v tr c li x = - 2cm theo chiu m.
C 1 T vt i qua li x = -2 cm 2 ln
Nn 2011 ln = 2010ln + 1ln = 1005T + t
1
Vy thi gian chuyn ng ca vt l :
t
1
= t
PO
+ t
OM
= T/4 + T/12 = T/3 = 1005T + T/3
= 1005.3 + 3/3 = 3016 s
P; P
/
l hai v tr bin
Cu 16 : Chn C
+ Nng lng ngh ca electrn : E
0
= m
0
.c
2
+ ng nng ca electrn : E =
2
0
2
. . 1
1
1
c m
c
v

,
_

,
_

=
2
0
. .
2
1
c m

1
1
1
2

,
_

c
v
=
2
1

2
1
1

,
_

c
v
=
2
3

2
1

,
_

c
v
=
3
2

2
1

,
_

c
v
=
9
4

2

,
_

c
v
=
9
5

v
=
9
5
. c = 2,24.10
8
m/s
Cu 17 : Chn D
+ Khi thang my chuyn ng nhanh du u ln trn th chu k dao ng ca con lc l :
T
1
=
a g +

. 2
+ Khi thang my chuyn ng chm du u ln trn th chu k dao ng ca con lc l :
T
2
=
a g

. 2
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g
a a g a g
a g
a g
T
T
41
9
) ( 64 , 0 8 , 0
2
1
+
+

+ Khi thang my ng yn chu k dao ng ca con lc l T =

1
=
g

. 2
s T
g
a g
T T
g
a g
T
T
78 , 2
41
50
. .
1 1
1

+

+

Cu 18 : Chn A
+ Ta c H =
5
2
. 5
.
.

kt
pq
P
P
kt
pq
kt kt
pq pq
n
n

Cu 19 : Chn D
Hnh thinh xa mt ri nht l hi vng tinh.
Cu 20 : Chn D
+ Gc gii hn phn x ton phn ca cc tia sng ra khng kh : sin i =
n
1
+ V tia l mu lc i l l l mt nc ( Bt u xy ra hin tng phn x ton phn ) nn
i = i
ghlc
vi sin i = sini
ghluc
=
luc
n
1
+ Theo iu kin xy ra hin tng phn x ton phn i i
gh
+ Do n

; n
vng
< n
lc
< n
lam
; n
tm
nn i > i
lam
; i
tm
nn tia lam v tia tm b phn x ton phn cn tia v tia
vng b khc x ra khng kh .
Cu 21 : Chn A
Nguyn tc hot ng ca quang tr da trn hin tng quang in trong .
Cu 22 : Chn A
+ Khi
1
=
2
in p trn t in bng nhau nn ta c
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
1 2
1 1
1 1
( ) ( )
. .
R L R L
C C

+ +
2 2
2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 1
2 2 1 1 2 2
2 . 2 . 1 1
. . . .
L L
R L R L
C C C C

+ + + +
) .( ) )(
2
(
4
1
4
2
2 2
2
2
1
2
L R
C
L
v R
2
<
C
L 2
nn ta c ) .( )
2
(
2
2
2
1
2 2
+ L R
C
L

2
2
2
2
2
1
).
2
(
) (
L
R
C
L

+
(1)
Khi U
cmax
ta c
0
=
)
).
2
(
(
2
1
2
2
L
R
C
L

(2)
t (1) v (2) ta c
0
2
= ) (
2
1
2
2
2
1
+
Cu 23 : Chn C
+ Theo tin Bo ta c
1
6 , 13
9
6 , 13
1 3
1
+ E E
hc

(1)
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4
6 , 13
25
6 , 13
2 5
2
+ E E
hc

(2)
(1) : (2) ta c :
1 2
800 189
189
800
4
6 , 13
25
6 , 13
6 , 13
9
6 , 13
1
2

+
+

Cu 24 : Chn A
+ Khi ni ngun in vi cun cm th cng dng in trong mch l I =
r R
E
+
(1)
+ Khi ni ngun in vi t in th in p cc i trn t in l E
+ Tnh L : ta c T = 2 LC H
C
T
L
7
2
12 2
2
2
10 . 25 , 1
10 . 2 . 4
10 .
. 4
6

+ Cng dng in cc i trong mch l :

Ta c
2
8 4
10 . 25 , 1
10 . 2
.
2
.
2
7
6
0
0
2
0
2
0
E
I I E E
L
C
U I
I L CU

(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c
r R
E
+
=
2
E
r = 2 R = 1
Cu 25 : Chn C
+ Khong vn lc u l : i =
a
D
(1)
+ Khong vn sau khi dch chuyn mn l : i
/
=
a a
D
a
D 25 , 0 ) 25 , 0 (

(2)
(1) (2) ta c 0,2 =
m
a
a

48 , 0
25 , 0
2 , 0 . 25 , 0

Cu 26 : Chn A
+ Tnh C = F
L
6
2 2 2
10 . 5
10 . 5 . 2000
1
.
1

+ ta c w =
) ( 14 3
8
7
)
2
.
4
1
(
) (
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
0
2
0
2
0
2 2
0
2
0
2 2
V
C
LI
C
I
I L
C
i I L
u LI Li cu

+
Cu 27 : Chn B
V sng in t truyn uc trong c mi trng rn, lng, kh v trong chn khng
Cu 28 : Chn C
+ Sau khi th vt th hai vt cn gn vo nhau chuyn ng nhanh dn ti v tr cn bng c tc cc i
v
m
= .A = A
m
K
.
2

+ Ti v tr cn bng hai vt tch ra, vt m
1
gn vo l xo chuyn ng chm dn ti v tr l xo c dn ln
nht, sau vt ny s dao ng iu ha vi bin A ,cn vt th m
2
s chuyn ng thng u vi vn tc
v
m
+ Chu k dao ng ca m
1
sau khi m
2
tch ra : T

= 2
K
m

+ Khi vt m
1
i n v tr l xo dn cc i ht thi gian T/4 trong thi gian ny vt m
2
i uc qung ng S
= v
m
.T/4

= 2 2 . .
2 4
1
A
K
m
A
m
K

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+ Khong cch gia hai vt sau khi l xo gin cc i l :
S- A
/
= cm A A 2 , 3 2
Cu 29 : Chn D
+ V 2 dao ng cng pha nn A = A
1
+A
2
= 15 cm = 0,15 m
+ C nng ca cht im l : W = J A m 1125 , 0 15 , 0 . 10 . 1 , 0 .
2
1
.
2
1
2 2 2 2

Cu 30 : Chn C
V khi t u
1
v u
2
th cng dng in nh nhau
M
1 3 2
< <
Ta thy
2
3 1 2
. nn khi t dng in c tn s
3

th mch xy ra cng hng do I

max
nn I > I.
Cu 31 : Chn B
Phng trnh sng ti mt im M trn ng trung trc (cch cc ngun on d) v im O l:
Ta c = v.T = 2 cm
2
2 cos 50 ;
M
d
u a t

_


,
( )
2 9
2 cos 50 2 cos 50 9
2
O
u a t a t

_


,
cm
lch pha ca M v O
/
2
9 2 9 2 9 0
M O
d
k d k AO k

> <
m d
2 2
min max min min
1 11 2 10 k d MO d AO + Tnh
cm
f
v
2
25
50

Cu 32 : Chn B
+ Tnh : v khong cch gia mt nt sng v bng sng lin tip l /4 = 4.AB = 40 cm
+ Tnh T :
Bin sng dng ti mt im c dng :
ng
2
| sin |
b
x
A a

Bin sng ti C l :
ng
ng
2
| sin | v i x 5
2
2
b
C
C b C
a
x AB
A a cm

+Khong thi gian ngn nht li bng = bng bin ti C ng vi vt i t im C n B ri v C:
0,2 0,8
8 8
T T
t s T s +
Vy v = /T = 40/0,8 = 50 cm/s = 0,5 m/s
Cu 33 : Chn A
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ng
2
b
a
ng b
a
C
B
0
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+ ta c 2
1
2
2
1
2

,
_

B
A
B
A
I
I
r
r
r
r
I
I
Cu 34 : Chn D
V i v u vung pha nn ta c :
2 1
2
2
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
+ +
U
u
I
i
U
u
I
i
Cu 35 : Chn 60 vng
+ Gi s vng dy ca cun th cp ban u l N
2
, cun s cp l N
1
Ta c :
43 , 0
1
2

N
N
(1)
+ Sau khi qun thm cun th cp 24 vng dy ta c :
45 , 0
24 24
1 1
2
1
2
+
+
N N
N
N
N
(2)
(2) (1) ta c :
1200 02 , 0
24
1
1
N
N
vng
+ Gi vng dy qun thiu l n, theo d nh ban u ta c :
5 , 0
1 1
2
1
2
+
+
N
n
N
N
N
n N
(3)
(2) (1) ta c :
84 07 , 0 07 , 0
1
1
N n
N
n
vng
lc u cun thm c 24 vng vy phi cun thm 84 24 = 60 vng
Cu 36 : Chn B
+ Khi iu cnh L Umax khi u
RC
vung pha vi u
AB
nn ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2
U U U U U U
C R RC LMAX
+ + +
Vi
2 2 2
) (
C LMAX R
U U U U nn ta c : V U U U U U U U U
C LMAX LMAX C LMAX LMAX
80 . 0 .
2
2 2

Cu 37 : Chn B
+ Li ca vt v tr c ng nng bng 3 ln th nng l : x =
2
A
t
+ Li ca vt v tr c ng nng bng 1/3 ln th nng l : x =
2
3 A
t
+ khong thi gian ngn nht vt i t v tr c ng nng bng 3 ln th nng n v tr c ng nng bng
1/3 ln th nng l t = t
OM
/
- t
OM
= T/6 T/12 = T/12 = 1/6 s
Qung ng chuyn ng ca vt : S =
2
3 A
2
A
= 3,66cm
Vy tc trung bnh ca vt trong khong thi gian trn l : v = S/t = 6.3,66 = 21,96 cm/s
Cu 38 : Chn B

v tai c bn cht l sng in t c bc sng ngn hn ca tia X
Cu 39 : Chn B
Ta c:V tr cc vn sng trng nhau phi tha mn: x = x
1
= x
2
= x
3
Goi M l vch sng lin k vch sng trung tm c mu ging mu vch sng trung tm, ta c bc ca cc vn
trng
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H NG D N GI I THI I H C MN V T L N M 2011
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1 2
1min
2 1
2min
1 3
3min
3 1
4 12
12
3 9
9
3 12
8
2 8
K
K
K
K
K
K
K

' '

3 1 2
8 . 12 . 9 . D D D
OM
a a a


Tng s vn sng ca c ba bc x nm t vn trung tm n M(OM) l : 13 + 10 + 9 = 32 vn.
+ S vn trng ca bc x 1 v 2 (tr vn trung tm):
Ta c :
3
4
1
2
2
1

K
K

1
1
4 .D
OM
a

= OM/3 trong khong OM c 3 vn trng nhau ca bc x 1 v 2 tr

vn trung tm.
+ S vn trng ca bc x 1 v 3(tr vn trung tm) :
Ta c :
3 1
3 1
3
2
K
K

1
2
3 .D
OM
a

= OM/4 trong khong OM c 4 vn trng nhau ca bc x 1 v 2 tr

vn trung tm.
+ S vn trng ca bc x 2 v 3 (tr vn trung tm):
Ta c :
8
9
2
3
3
2

K
K

2
3
9 .D
OM
a

= OM trong khong OM c 0 vn trng tr vn trung tm v vn

M.
Tng s vn sng nhn thy trong khong gia hai vn gn nhau nht c mu ging vn trung tm l :
32 4 - 3 4 = 21 vn.
Cu 40 : Chn A
Cu 41 : Chn C
+ Cng dng in cc i trong mch l : A
L
C
U I
I L CU
12 , 0
10 . 5
10 . 5
. 12
2
.
2
2
6
0 0
2
0
2
0

+ duy tr dao ng ca mch phi cung cp cho mch mt cong sut ng bng cng sut ta nhit ca
in tr R :
P = I
2
.R= W W
r I
72 10 . 2 , 7
. 2
10 . 12 , 0
2
.
5
2 2
2
0

Cu 42 : Chn
2 10 R
+ Z
L
= .L= 20
+ Khi U
cmax
ta c U
cmax
=
+
+
2 10
2
3 3
2 2
2 2
L
L
L
Z
R R Z R U
R
Z R U
Cu 43 : Chn A
+ Lc cng ln nht khi vt v tr cn bng : T
max
= mg(3- 2.cos
0
)
+ Lc cng nh nht khi vt v tr bin : T
min
= mgcos
0

Theo u bi T
max
= 1,02T
min
mg(3- 2.cos
0
) = 1,02.mgcos
0

0
= 6,6
0
Cu 44 : Chn B
+ Gi s vng dy ca mi cun l N
Sut in ng cc i sut hin 4 cun dy l : E
0
= E
2
= 2f.4.N.
0

N =
100
10 . 5
. 4 . 50 . . 2
2 . 100
. 4 . 2
2
3
0

f
E
vng
Cu 45 : Chn C
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nm
A
hc
661
10 . 6 , 1 . 88 , 1
10 . 9875 , 1
19
25
0

Cu 46 : Chn B
V A v B ngc pha nhau nn AB = d = ( K+ 0,5) = ( K+ 0,5)
5 , 0
2
5 , 0
.
+

+

K K
f d
v
f
v
m/s(1)
( K

N )
Theo u bi
s m v s m / 1 / 7 , 0
(2)
Gii (1) v (2) c K = 2 nn v = 0,8 m/s
Cu 47 : Chn C
+ Tnh T = 31,4/100 = 0,314 s
+ Tnh = s Rad
T
/ 20
2

+ Tnh A : p dng phng trnh c lp vi th gian ta c A = cm

v
x 4 ) (
2 0
2
0
+

+ Tnh theo iu kin ban u ti t = 0 ta c x

0
= A.cos = 2cm ; v
0
= -.A.sin < 0
Nn cos = ; sin > 0 o = /3
Vy PTD l x = 4.cos( 20t + cm )
3

Cu 48 : Chn D
p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng ta c : 0
2 1
+ P P

Nn P
1
= P
2
m
1
.v
1
= m
2
.v
2

2
1
1
2
v
v
m
m

(1)
Theo trn ta c P
1
2
= P
2
2
2m
1
.K
1
= 2m
2
.K
2

2
1
1
2
K
K
m
m

(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c :
2
1
1
2
v
v
m
m

=
2
1
K
K
Cu 49 : Chn B
v tia rn ghen v tia X u c bn cht l sng in t
Cu 50 : Chn B
Cu 51 : Chn C
+ Ta c R =
1
I
U
; Z
L
=
2
I
U
; Z
C
=
3
I
U
+ Khi mc ni tip ba phn t ta c tng tr ca mch l :
Z = U U Z Z R
C L
5 ) 5 2 ( 16 . ) (
2 2 2
+ +
Cng dng in qua mch l I = U/Z = 0,2 A
Cu 52 : Chn D
Chiu di ca thc trong h K l :
0
2
0
6 , 0 1

,
_

c
v
Cu 53 : Chn D
V T ph thuc vo I, m, g , d
Cu 54 : Chn A
+ M men qun tnh ca a l : I = 1/2m.r
2
= 0,0225 Kg.m
2
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+ Tc gc ca a khi quay u l : =
33 , 209
03 , 0
28 , 6 2

T

Rad/s
+ Theo nh l bin thin ng nng ta c : W
2
- W
1
= - W
1
= A
A = - J I 943 .
2
1
2
ln ca cng cn thc hin hm a l 493 J
Cu 55 : Chn B
p dng cng thc M =
m N
t
L L
. 4 , 1
1 2

Cu 56 : Chn C
V theo phng trnh M = I M v I khng i nn khng i
Cu 57 : Chn C
Cu 58 : Chn D
+ Tnh cng thot : A =
J Uh e
hc 19
1
10 . 425 , 3 .

+ ng nng ban u cc i ca elctrn khi uc chi bi bc x

2
l :
W
max
=
J A
hc
19
2
10 . 825 , 9

+ V t vo anot v ca tt hiu in th m U
AK
= - 2V U
KA
= 2V nn cc elctrn i sang ca tt b hm bi
hiu in th ny :
Theo nh l bin thin ng nng ta c : W
A
= W
max
+ e.U
KAK
= 9,825.10
19
-1,6.10
19
.2 = 6,625.10
19
J
Cu 59 : Chn A
+ Gc quay ca vt trong 10 giy u l : =
0
.t +
2
2
1
t = 10
0
+
50
=150 (1)
+ Gc quay ca vt trong 9 giy u l :
/
= 9
0
+
5 , 40

+ Gc quay ca vt trong giy th 10 l : -
/
=
0
+
5 , 4
=24(2)
Gii h (1) v (2) c
0
= 5Rad/s
Cu 60: Chn D
Theo iu kin c sng dng trn dy ta c
Hz f
K
K
f
f
v
K
f
v
K 63 .
2
.
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1

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