___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc1

CHNG 9
T CC
QUAN H GIA CC BIN S CA T CC
THNG S TNG DN MCH NI TT Y
THNG S TNG TR MCH H Z
Quan h gi thng Y v thng s Z
Thay mt mch tht bng mt t cc
THNG S TRUYN A, B, C, D & A', B', C', D'
Thng s truyn
Thng s truyn ngc
Quan h gi thng s truyn v thng s Z

THNG S HN TP h & g
Thng s h
Thng s g

GHP T CC
Ghp chui
Ghp song song
Ghp ni tip

Hu ht cc mch in v in t u c th c din t di dng t cc, l cc

mch c 4 cc chia lm 2 cp cc, mt cp cc gi l ng vo (ni nhn tn hiu vo) v cp
cc kia l ng ra, ni ni vi ti. Nu trong 2 cp cc c chung mt cc, mch tr thnh 3
cc. Tuy nhin, d l mch 3 cc nhng vn tn ti 2 ng vo v ra nn vic kho st khng
c g thay i so vi mch t cc.
Chng ny cp n mt lp cc hm s mch c trng cho t cc. Cc hm s
mch ny c khc vi cc hm s mch trc y ch l c xc nh trong iu kin ni
tt hoc h mt trong 2 cp cc (ng vo hoc ng ra)

9.1 QUAN H GIA CC BIN S CA T CC

(H 9.1)

kho st t cc, ta dng cc i lng trong lnh vc tn s.

C 4 bin s lin quan n t cc, l hiu th v dng in cc ng vo v ra.
Gi V1(s), I1(s) l hiu th v dng in ng vo
Gi V2(s), I2(s) l hiu th v dng in ng ra
Trong 4 bin s trn c 2 l bin c lp, cc bin khc c xc nh theo 2 bin ny.
Ty theo cch chn bin c lp m ta c cc thng s khc nhau din t mch
Tn gi thng s

Bin s c lp

Hm s

Phng trnh

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Nguyn Trung Lp
MCH

L THUYT

2___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc
Tng tr mch h

I1, I2

V1, V2

V1, V2

I1, I2

V 1 = z 11I 1 + z 12 I 2
V 2 = z 21I 1 + z 22 I 2

Tng dn mch ni tt

I 1 = y 11 V 1 + y 12 V 2
I 2 = y 21 V1 + y 22 V 2

Truyn

V2, I2

V1, I1

Truyn ngc

V1, I1

V2, I2

V1 = AV 2 BI 2
I 1 = CV2 DI 2
V 2 = A' V 1 B' I 1
I 2 = C' V 1 D' I 1

Hn tp

V2, I1

V 1 = h 11I 1 + h 12 V 2

V1, I2

I 2 = h 21I 1 + h 22 V 2
Hn tp ngc

V1, I2

I 1 = g 11 V 1 + g 12 I 2

V2, I1

V 2 = g 21 V 1 + g 22 I 2
Bng 9.1 Cc loi thng s v phng trnh tng ng

9.2 THNG S TNG DN MCH NI TT (Short-circuit

admittance parameter)
y l loi thng s c th nguyn ca tng dn v khi xc nh cn ni tt mt trong
cc ng vo hoc ra.
Phng trnh din t t cc bng thng s tng dn mch ni tt
I 1 = y 11 V 1 + y 12 V 2

hay

I 2 = y 21 V 1 + y 22 V 2

(a)

I 1 y 11
I = y
2 21

(H 9.2)

y 12 V1
y 22 V 2

(9.1)

(b)

xc nh cc thng s y, cho V1=0 (ni tt ng vo) (H 9.2a) hoc V2=0 (ni tt

ng ra) (H 9.2b)
I
I
I
I
y 11 = 1
y 12 = 1
y 21 = 2
y 22 = 2
V1 v =0
V 2 v =0
V1 v =0
V 2 v =0
2

Nu mch thun nghch y12 = y21

Th d 9.1
Xc nh cc thng s y ca mch (H 9.3)

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Nguyn Trung Lp
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___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc3
-

(H 9.3)

Ln lt ni tt cc ng vo v ra, ta c th xc nh thng s y mt cch trc quan

y 11 = Ya + Yc
y 12 = y 21 = Yc
y 22 = Yb + Yc

9.3 THNG S TNG TR MCH H (Open-circuit

impedance parameter)
y l loi thng s c th nguyn ca tng tr v khi xc nh cn h mt trong
cc ng vo hoc ra.
Phng trnh din t t cc bng thng s tng tr mch h.
V 1 = z 11I 1 + z 12I 2

V1 z 11
hay =
V 2 = z 21I 1 + z 22I 2
V 2 z 21

(a)

(H 9.4)

z 12 I 1
z 22 I 2

(9.2)

(b)

xc nh cc thng s z, cho I1=0 ( h ng vo) hoc I2=0, ngha l (H 9.4a) (

h ng ra) (H 9.4b)
V
V
V
V
z 11 = 1
z 12 = 1
z 21 = 2
z 22 = 2
I 1 I =0
I 2 I =0
I 1 I =0
I 2 I =0
2

Nu mch thun nghch z12 = z21

Th d 9.2
Xc nh cc thng s z ca mch (H 9.5)

(H 9.5)

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4___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc
Cc thng s z cng xc nh c mt cch trc quan bng cch h cc ng vo
v ra

z 11 = Z a + Z c
z 12 = z 21 = Z c
z 22 = Z b + Z c
Th d 9.3
Xc nh cc thng s z ca mch (H 9.6). y l mch tng ng ca transistor
rp cc nn chung

(H 9.6)

Vit phng trnh vng cho mch

V1=(R1+R3)I1+R3I2
(1)
V2=(R2+R3)I1+(R2+R3)I2
(2)
Suya ra
z11= R1+R3
z12= R3
z21= R2+R3
z22= R2+R3
Do mch c cha ngun ph thuc nn khng c tnh thun nghch, kt qu z12z21

9.3.1 Quan h gia thng s y v z

Gii h phng trnh (9.1) tnh V1 v V2 theo I1 v I2
y
- y 12
V 1 = 22 I 1 +
I2
y
y
V2 =

- y 21
y
I 1 + 11 I 2
y
y

Vi y = y 11 .y 22 y 12 .y 21 = det [Y ]
Suy ra

y 22
y
y
y
z 12 = 12
z 21 = 21
z 22 = 11
y
y
y
y
Gii h phng trnh (9.2) tnh I1 v I2 theo V1 v V2
z
- z 12
I 1 = 22 V 1 +
V2
z
z
- z 21
z
I2 =
V 1 + 11 V 2
z
z
z 11 =

(9.3)

Suy ra

y 11 =

z 22
z

y 12 =

z 12
z

y 21 =

z 21
z

y 22 =

z 11
z

(9.4)

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Nguyn Trung Lp
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___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc5
-

9.3.2 Thay mt mch tht bng mt t cc

T cc phng trnh din t mch bng cc thng s ca t cc ta c thay mt mch
bng t cc ch cha ngun v cc thng s tng ng
Vi thng s z, ta c mch (H 9.7) suy t phng trnh (9.2)

(H 9.7)

c mch ch cha mt ngun ph thuc, ta c th vit li (9.2)

V 1 = z 11I 1 + z 12I 2
V 2 = z 12I 1 + z 22I 2 + (z 21 z 12 )I 1
V mch tng ng (H 9.8)

(H 9.8)

Tng t, cho trng hp thng s y, ta c cc mch tng ng sau (H 9.9a) v (H

9.9b)

(a)

(H 9.9)

9.4 THNG S TRUYN (Transmission

(b)

parameter)

9.4.1 Thng s truyn

Thng s truyn c dng din t mi quan h gia hiu th v dng in mt
cp cc v hiu th v dng in cp cc kia.
V 1 = AV 2 BI 2
V 1 A B V 2
hay =
(9.5)

I 1 = CV2 DI 2
I 1 C D - I 2
A, B, C, D gi l thng s truyn, i khi cn c gi l thng s chui (chain
parameter) hoc n gin hn, c th gi l thng s ABCD
Du - trong 2 thng s B v D c t qui c du ca I2. (ln u tin thng s ny
c dng gii bi ton dy truyn sng, dng in trn dy truyn c chiu ngc li I2).
Cc thng s ABCD c xc nh trong iu kin mch h hoc ni tt.
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Nguyn Trung Lp
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L THUYT

6___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc
1 V2
=
A V1

I 2 =0

1 I2
=
B V1

1 V2
=
C I1

( li hiu th mch h)
(Tng dn truyn mch ni tt)
V2 = 0

(Tng tr truyn mch h)

I 2 =0

1 I2
=
D I1

( li dng in mch ni tt)

V2 = 0

Th d 9.4
Xc nh thng s truyn ca t cc (H 9.10a)

(a)

(H 9.10)

(b)

Hai thng s A v C c xc nh t mch vi ng ra h (I2 = 0) (H 9.10a)

1
R2
sC2
1
+ R1 +
1
sC1
+ R2
V1
sC2
=
A=
1
V2
R2
sC2
1
+ R2
sC2
(1 + sC1 R 1 )(1 + sC2 R 2 ) + sC1 R 2
=
sC1 R 2
I
1 sC2 R 2 + 1
C = 1 = sC2+
=
V2
R2
R2
Thng s B v D c xc nh t mch vi ng ra ni tt (V2 = 0) (H 9.10b)
V
sC R + 1
1
+ R1 ) = 1 1
B = 1 = (
I2
sC
sC1
I
D=- 1 =1
I2

9.4.2 Thng s truyn ngc (Inverse transmission parameter)

Nu xc nh V2 v I2 theo V1 v I1 ta c thng s truyn ngc, hay ABCD
V 2 = A' V 1 B' I 1
V 2 A' B' V1
hay =
(9.6)

I 2 = C' V 1 D' I 1
I 2 C' D' - I 1
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Nguyn Trung Lp
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___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc7
-

9.4.3 Quan h gia cc thng s truyn v thng s z

Bng cch gii cc h phng trnh lin quan ta c mi quan h gia cc thng s vi
nhau. Di y l quan h gia thng s ABCD v z
z
z
z
1
A = 11
D = 22
(9.7)
B=
C=
z 21
z 21
z 21
z 21
z
T cc phng trnh (9.7) suy ra AD - BC = 12
(9.8)
z 21
Nu mch thun nghch
z12=z21 AD-BC=1
(9.9)

9.5 THNG S HN TP (Hybrid parameter)

9.5.1 Thng s h
y l loi thng s thng c dng trong cc mch tng ng ca cc mch
in t, do cc thng s ny c th o c d dng trong phng th nghim.
Phng trnh din t mch bng thng s h

V 1 = h 11I 1 + h 12 V 2
I 2 = h 21I 1 + h 22 V 2
h 11 =
h 12 =
h 21 =
h 22 =

V1
I1

V2 = 0

V1
V2

I 1 =0

I2
I1

V2 = 0

I2
V2

V1 h 11
hay =
I 2 h 21

h 12 I 1
h 22 V 2

(9.10)

(Tng tr vo mch ni tt)

(Nghch o li hiu th mch h)
( li dng in mch ni tt)
(Tng dn ra mch h)
I 1 =0

9.5.2 Thng s g
Nghch o ca thng s h l thng s g
I 1 = g 11 V1 + g 12I 2
I 1 g 11 g 12 V1
hay =

V 2 = g 21 V 1 + g 22I 2
V 2 g 21 g 22 I 2

g 11 =
g 12 =

I1
V1

I 2 =0

I1
I2

V1 = 0

(9.11)

(Tng dn vo mch h)
(Nghch o li dng in mch ni tt)

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8___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc
g 21 =

g 22 =

V2
V1
V2
I2

( li in th mch h)
I 2 =0

(Tng tr ra mch ni tt)

V1 = 0

Mch in biu din bi thng s h v g (H 9.11)

(H 9.11)

Th d 9.5
Xc nh thng s h ca mu transistor rp cc pht chung (H 9.12)

(H 9.12)

Vit KVL cho phn mch bn tri v KCL cho phn mch bn phi
V 1 = (r b + r e )I 1 + V 2
I 2 = I 1 +

Suy ra

1
V2
r c + rd

h11=rb+r
h12=
h21=
h 22 =

1
rd + re

9.6 GHP T CC
Mt mch in phc tp c th xem nh gm nhiu t cc n gin ghp li theo cch no
.
Sau y l vi cch ghp ph bin

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Nguyn Trung Lp
MCH

L THUYT

___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc9
-

9.6.1 Ghp chui (H 9.13)

(H 9.13)

Trong cch ghp ny thng s ABCD c dng tin li nht. Ap dng cho 2 t cc
Na v Nb
V1a A a B a V 2a
V1b A b B b V 2b
=
v

I C D - I
I = C

a
2a
1a a
1b b D b - I 2b
Xem mch in tng ng vi mt t cc duy nht th:
V 1 A B V 2
I = C D - I
2
1
l:
V1 V1a
V 2a V1b
V 2b V 2
=
;
v

I = I
- I = - I
1 1a
- I 2a I 1b
2b 2
Ta c kt qu

A B A a B a A b B b
(9.12)
C D = C D C
D b

a b
a
C kt qu vi thng s ABCD ta c th i ra thng s khc t bng bin i (bng
9.2).
Gi s ta cn tnh thng s z ca t cc tng ng theo thng s z ca cc t cc
thnh vin ta lm nh sau: (th d tnh z11)
T bng (9.2)
A
z 11 =
C
Thay A v C t php nhn ma trn
A .A + B a .C b
z 11 = a b
C a .A b + D a .C b
T bng (9.2), thay cc tr Aa, Ab . . . . bng cc thng s za, zb,. . . tng ng
z 11a z 11b za 1
+
z 21a z 21b z 21a z 21b
z 11 =
1 z 11b z 22a 1
+
z 21a z 21b z 21a z 21b
Sau khi n gin
z .z
z 11 = z 11a 21a 12a
z 22a + z 11b

9.6.2 Ghp song song (H 9.14)

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10
___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc
Cc ng vo v ra ca t cc ghp song song vi nhau

(H 9.14)

Trong cch ghp song song cc hiu th ng vo v ra ca cc t cc bng nhau v

bng hiu th ng vo v ra ca cc t cc thnh vin. Dng in cc ng ca t cc tng
ng bng tng cc dng in cc ng ca t cc thnh vin
Dng thng s tng dn mch ni tt

I 1 I 1a I 1b
I = I + I
2 2a 2b
I 1 y 11a y 12a V1a y 11b y 12b V1b

I = y
2 21a y 22a V 2a y 21b y 22b V 2b
I 1 y 11a + y 11b y 12a + y 12b V1
I = y + y
y 22a + y 22b V 2
21b
2 21a
Hai t cc ghp song song tng ng vi mt t cc c ma trn tng dn mch ni
tt bng tng cc ma trn tng dn mch ni tt ca cc t cc thnh vin
[Y}=[Ya]+[Yb]

(9.13)

9.6.3 Ghp ni tip , cn gi l ghp chng (H 9.15)

(H 9.15)

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11
___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc
Trong cch ghp ni tip cc dng in ng vo v ra ca cc t cc bng nhau v
bng cc dng in ng vo v ra ca cc t cc thnh vin . Hiu th cc ng ca t cc
tng ng bng tng hiu th cc ng ca t cc thnh vin.
Dng thng s tng tr mch h

V1 V1a V1b
V = V + V
2 2a 2b
V1 z 11a z 12a I 1a z 11b z 12b I 1b
V = z

I + z
z
21a
22a
2a 21b z 22b I 2b
2
V1 z 11a + z 11b z 12a + z 12b I 1
V = z + z
z 22a + z 22b I 2
21b
2 21a
Hai t cc ghp ni tip tng ng vi mt t cc c ma trn tng tr mch h
bng tng cc ma trn tng tr mch h ca cc t cc thnh vin
[Z}=[Za]+[Zb]
(9.14)

[z]
[z]

z11
z21

[y]
z12
z22

[T]

y 22

- y 12

- y 21

y 11

[y]
[T]

z 22

- z12

- z 21

z 11

z 11

z 21

z 21

[T']

[h ]

[g]

z 22

y11

y12

y21

y22

y 22
y 21
y
y 21

z 21

z 22

z 12

z 12

y
11
y 12

z 11

1
y 21

y
11
y 21

z 22

z 22

y 11

y 11

z 22

1
z 11

- z 12
z 11

- T
B

A'

C'
C'

B'
- T'

A
B

D'
T'
C'

T
B
D

y 21

y 11

y 11

y 12

y 22

z 21

- y 21

z 11

z 11

y 22

y 22

T
D

- g 12

h 22

h 22

g 11

g 11

A'
C'

- h 21

g 21

h 22

h 22

g 11

g 11

-1
B'

- h 12

g 12

h 11

h 11

g 22

g 22

h 21

- g 21

h 11

h 11

g 22

g 22

h 11

g 22

h 21

g 21

g 21

g 11

h 21

g 21

g 21

B'
T'

A'
T'

B'

1
A'

A'

C
D

- T'

- T
A

C'

B
A

h 12

A
B

B
T

A'

D'
T'
D'

[g]

D'
B'

B'

A
T

[h ]
1
C'

T'

-1

y 22

T'

z 12

D
C

y 12

D'

y 12

z 12

T
C

z 12

z 22

-1

y
22
y 12
- y 12

B
B

z 21

- z 21

[T']

C'
A'

h
h 21
h 22
h 21

h 11

- g 22

h 12

h 12

g 12

g 12

h 22

- g 11

-1

h 12

h 12

g 12

g 12

g 22

- g 12

- g 21

g 11

h11

h12

h21

h22

-1
D'

h 22

- h 12

B'
D'

- h 21

h 11

g11

g12

g21

g22

Bng 9.2 Bin i gia cc thng s ca t cc

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12
___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc
-

BI TP
--OO-9.1 Xc nh thng s y v z ca t cc (H P9.1)
9.2 Xc nh thng s y v z ca mch cu T (H P9.2)

(H P9.1)

(H P9.2)

9.3 Xc nh thng s h ca mch tng ng ca Transistor (H P9.3)

9.4 Xc nh thng s y ca mch (H P9.4) bng cch xem mch gm 2 t cc mc song song

(H P9.3)

(H P9.4)

9.5 Cho 2 t cc hnh v hnh T (H P9.5a) v (H P9.5b).

a. Chng minh rng iu kin 2 t cc ny tng ng l:
Z
Z
Z
Ya = 2 ;
Yb = 3 ;
Yc = 1
Z
Z
Z
Trong
Z=Z1Z2+ Z2Z3+ Z3Z1
b. Tnh
Z1 , Z2 v Z3 theo Ya , Yb v Yc

(H P9.5a)

(H P9.5b).

9.6
a. Xc nh thng s y ca t cc (H P9.6)
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13
___________________________________________________________Chng 9 T cc
b. Mc vo ng ra ca t cc in tr 1. Xc nh H(s) =

V 2 (s)
V 1 (s)

(H P9.6)

9.7 Gii li bi tp 9.6 bng cch dng thng s truyn

9.8 Cho t cc, ghp in tr ti RL vo ng ra (H P9.8). Chng minh rng:
V (s)
z R
a. Z21(s) = 2 = 21 L
I 1 (s) z 22 + R L
I (s)
y 21G L
=
b. Y21(s) = 2
V 1 (s) y 22 + G L

(H P9.8)

9.9

a. Xc nh thng s y v z ca t cc (H P9.9)
b. Mc vo ng vo t cc mt ngun dng i1(t) = 15e-5tcos10t (A) v ng ra vi ti
RL = 1. Xc nh v2(t).
V (s)
khi mc vo ng vo
9.10 Xc nh thng s z ca t cc (H P9.10). Suy ra H(s) = 2
V 1 (s)
mt ngun v1(t) v h ng ra

(H P9.9)

(H P9.10)

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