ME301 HEAT & FLOW 3 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS (7)

A 180 mm diameter cork ball (with specific gravity 0.21) is anchored to the bottom of a river with string, as shown in the figure. Estimate the speed of the river water current. (Take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3, and its dynamic viscosity to be 0.001 Ns/m2.) (Answer: 1.9 m/s)

U 60

Show from first principles of control volume analysis that, for horizontal laminar flow between two infinite flat plates, one of which is moving with velocity U, and which are a distance h apart, the flowrate Q is given by: h 3 dp hU Q= + 12 dx 2 where is the fluid viscosity, and dp/dx is the pressure gradient in the flow direction.

A wide moving belt passes vertically upward at a velocity V through a container of paint, and picks up fluid with a thickness h. Gravity tends to make the fluid drain down the belt (see the figure on the right). Derive an expression for the velocity of the film, and show that the condition for a net upward flow of liquid is that: gh 2 V> 3 (Hint: be mindful of the direction of the unit vectors x and y.) (Answer: u = (g 2) y 2 ( gh ) y + V )

x V

h
paint

The radial clearance between a hydraulic piston and the cylinder wall is 0.005 mm, the length of the piston is 15 mm and its diameter is 25 mm. Calculate the leakage rate past the piston when the pressure difference between the front and rear face of the piston is 19 MPa. (Take the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid to be 0.018 Ns/m2, and its specific gravity 0.92.) (Answer: 57.6 mm3/s)

0.005 mm

piston

15 mm

25mm