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Georgios
Anagnostopoulos

Digitally signed by Georgios Anagnostopoulos

DN: cn=Georgios Anagnostopoulos, o, ou,
email=psilali@hotmail.com, c=GR
Date: 2012.03.24 00:34:04 +02'00'

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BIM .................................................................................. 52
Revit ..................................................................................................................................... 59
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IFC ...................................................................................................................................... 113
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IFC ................................................................................................................. 118
IFC ......................................................................................................... 120
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__

.
1.
(gradual)
.
.


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.
.
. ,
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.
(?) status
,
.
-

, ,
. ,
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.
Building Information Management/Modeling ,
BIM , Revit,
, IFC,
ISO
.

Terzidis Kostas Algorithmic Architecture []. - Oxford : Elsevier Ltd., 2006. - Architectural Press.
- . 59
2
[]. - 2008.

To BIM

1: BIM
(SUN, ., 2010)

2: BIM CAD
(Ham, ., 2008)

BIM .
, .3 1,
, BIM


.
2, (Building Information Modeling)

/ .

, ,
. ,
, ,
.4
BIM ,
.

background .

.
.

Zeng Xudong Tan Jie Building information modeling based on intelligent parametric technology
[] // FRONTIERS OF ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING IN CHINA. - [s.l.] : Higher
Education Press and Springer-Verlag 2007. - 3 : . 1 - . 368
4
, . 368

7
BIM :
( )

, 3D
.
Building Information Model :
3D
Building Information Modeling5
1 .
,
, ,
. .. BIM

3D
.
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
. ,
,
.
Building Information Model (: BIM),
, , ,
.6
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Building Information Model Building
Information Modeling. Kymmel (2008),
, Building Information Model
,
.
2D, 3D, 4D ( ),
5D ( ), nD (, , , ,
) . , Building
Information Modeling / Building
Information Model. , Building Information Modeling
.

sikdag U. Underwood Jason A Synopsis of the Handbook of Research on Building Information

Modelling [] // W078 - Special Track 18th CIB World Building Congress May 2010 Salford,
United Kingdom / . Barrett Peter [ .]. - [s.l.] : CIB Publication. - . 84-96. - CIB WORKING
COMMISSION W078 - Information Technology for Construction. 361 - . 86
6
van Nederveen S., Beheshti R. Willems P. Building Information Modelling in the Netherlands: A
Status Report [] // W078 - Special Track 18th CIB World Building Congress May 2010 Salford,
United Kingdom / . Barrett Peter [ .]. - [s.l.] : CIB Publication. - . 28-39. - CIB WORKING
COMMISSION W078 Information Technology for Construction. 361 - . 30

8
Eastman . (2008) BIM
. BIM
,
. Building information modeling ,
,
, , ,
. BIM
, . building information model

, ,
, , .
Hardin (2009), Building Information Modeling
, Eastman
. (2008).
BIM ,

BIM. building information
modeling
. ,

. CAD
(Computer Aided Drafting) .
,
.7

Haron A. T., Marshall-Ponting A. Aouad G. Building Information Modelling: Literature Review on

Model to Determine the Level of Uptake by Organisation [] // W078 - Special Track 18th CIB
World Building Congress May 2010 Salford, United Kingdom / . Barrett Peter [ .]. - [s.l.] :
CIB Publication. - . 168-184. - CIB WORKING COMMISSION W078 Information Technology for
Construction. 361 - . 170-171

9
BIM
Tomo Cerovsek . Cerovsek,
(standpoint)
.
-, ,
(descriptological foundations)8.9
Leibniz

10.
.
BIM, ,
,
, .
,
(viewpoint), (perspective), (aspect), (domain).
(..,
).
(concept) .
,
.11
, .
BIM
(context). Tomo Cerovsek

BIM:

(model)
(modeling tool)
(communicative intent)
(individual project work)
(collaborative project work)

Redko V. N. Redko I. V. Descriptological foundations of information technologies [] //

Cybernetics and Systems Analysis. - [s.l.] : SpringerLink, September 2007. - MATHEMATICS AND
STATISTICS. - 5 : . 43. - . 629
9
Cerovsek Tomo A review and outlook for a Building Information Model (BIM): A multi-standpoint
framework for technological development [] // Advanced Engineering Informatics. - [s.l.] :
ELSEVIER, April 2011. - 2 : . 25. - . 226
10

(per se) I. Kant. ,
, , ,
,
(higher-type properties), (universe of entities)
.
V. N. Redko I. V. Redko, .., . 629
11
T. Cerovsek, .., . 226

10
BIM BIM

.12
George Box: All models are wrong, but some are useful13
,
.
- (meta-model). (schema)
(formal) -
(instance models).
14 (modeling constructs),
.15
, BIM AEC ,
CAD. AEC CAD
. AEC/O16
, ,
, .17
,
,
.

. Building Product Modeling (BPM),
Building Information Modeling (BIM). Building Product Model
.18

12

, . 226
Anderson Chris The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete
[] // The Petabyte Age: Because More Isn't Just More More Is Different. - [s.l.] : Cond Nast
Digital, July 2008. - WIRED MAGAZINE. - 07 : . 16.
14
O Eduard Sekler,
(construction) (structure):

,
.

[] / .
. - : X
, 2007. - - . 61
15
T. Cerovsek, .., . 226
16
AEC/O: Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation. Operation


.
17
T. Cerovsek, .., . 226
18
, . 226
13

11
, ,
BIM.

.

,
. , ,

(.. , , , ).
1985 .19

20 (object oriented programming OOP)
, ,
.
21 (structural/procedural programming),
22 (imperative programming), 23
(declarative programming), (logic programming)24,
25 (functional programming).
,
.

.26
, ,
.
(Data Bases DB). ( ..)

,

, .
19

Bjrk Bo-Christer Requirements and information structures for building product data models
[]. - Espoo : TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTER OF FINLAND, 1995. - VTT Building Technology. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technology. - . 14
20
Wikimedia Foundation [] // . - 28
2011. - http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/_
21
Wikimedia Foundation [] // . - 28
2011. - http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/_
22
Wikimedia Foundation [] // . - 28
2011. - http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/_
23
Wikimedia Foundation [] // . - 28
2011. - http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/_
24
Wikimedia Foundation Logic programming [] // WIKIPEDIA. - 28 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_programming
25
Wikimedia Foundation [] // . - 28
2011. - http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/_
26
Reas Casey Fry Ben Processing: a programming handbook for visual designers and artists
[]. - Cambridge : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. - The MIT Press. - . 15

12
, ,
.
building product models
:
,

.27
Cerovsek Model Schema
BIM Model BIM Schema:

BIM Model BIM Model

(actual)
-. ,
: ,
, .28 29
,

.
, , ,
, . , ,

.
BIM Schema BIM Schema - 30


. conceptual modeling
.31

. ,

conceptual modeling
conceptual modeling.
,
massing studies32 [ () ].
,
- (void), .

27

. Bjrk, .., . 14
T. Cerovsek, .., . 226
29
V. N. Redko I. V. Redko, .., . 630
30
. 14
31
T. Cerovsek, .., . 226
32
Krygiel Eddy, Read Phil Vandezande James Mastering Autodesk Revit Architecture 2011
[]. - Indianapolis : Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2010. - SYBEX. - . 257
28

13
BIM Schema
.
, , ,
(pragmatics)
(linguistics). Deleuze,
- ,
, Russell
Chomsky, ,
( ..)
.33


34.
-, ,
()
.
.
Italo Calvino , Marco Polo
Kublai Kahn
Armilla, ,

,
Octavia
( )
. O
35. .
DG (Deleuze & Guattari)
. ( ..) ,
,

. []

.
.36

33

Deleuze Gilles Guattari Felix A THOUSAND PLATEAUS Capitalism and Schizophrenia [] /

. Massumi Brian. - [s.l.] : University of Minnesota Press, 1983 - . 148
34
G. Deleuze F. Guattari, .., . 141
35
Deutsch Randy BIM and the Elephant Problem [] // BIM + Integrated Design. - 11
August 2009. - 20 2011. - http://bimandintegrateddesign.com/2009/08/11/bim-and-theelephant-problem/
36
DeLanda Manuel Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy []. - London : Continuum, 2002. TRANSVERSALS NEW DIRECTIONS IN PHILOSOPHY. - . 2

14
,
. , Deleuze

. ,


(essence),
. Deleuze ,
,

. ,
(dynamical processes).
, ,
.37
, DG

, (structural) (generative).
.
(abstract machines),
(diagrammatic functions),
(machinic assemblages), ,
. ,
, .
, ,
(deterritorialization)

.
, , : ,
38

Deleuze. ,

( BIM ), .

37

M. DeLanda, .., . 3.
O DeLanda Deleuze

, . :
I will not be concerned with Deleuzes words only with Deleuzes world.
38
G. Deleuze F. Guattari, .., . 141

15

.

,
, .
,
39 DG : (abstract-real) ( ).40

.
,
,
.
. []
, .41
BIM Schema .
BIM
. 42.
, ,
,
Immanuel Kant
(The Critique of Pure Reason). Kant:
, ,
a priori ,
.
.
, ,
.43

39

G. Deleuze F. Guattari, .., . 142

, . 146
41

[] / .
. - : X
, 2007. - . - . 57
42
T. Cerovsek, A review and outlook for a Building Information Model (BIM): A multi-standpoint
framework for technological development, .., . 226
43
Kant Immanuel THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON [] / . Meiklejohn J. M. D.. - [s.l.] : The
Pennsylvania State University, 2010. - A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication. - . 94
40

16

1

4

-
-
-

1: // (Kant, 2010)

. Gielingh
: as-required ( ), as-designed
( ), as-planned ( ), as-built ( ),
as-used ( ), as-altered ( ), as-demolished
( ) : ,
, , ,
: as-designed ( ), as-ordered
( ), as-delivered ( ), as-owned ( ).

.44
( )

(.. )
.
BIM Model Schema ,
BIM
.45
44
45

T. Cerovsek, .., . 226

, . 227

17

BIM ; BIM.
BIM ()
. BIM,
IFC, .
BIM BIM

3: CAD-based workflow
(Krygiel, ., 2010)

4: BIM workflow
(Krygiel, ., 2010)

BIM AEC/O
BIM . BIM
: (1) 3D
[ (elements) (parts)]
() (relationships) metadata (2) (model views)


[ , , 3D ,
].46 3 (CAD)
(), 4 (BIM)
(views). (..
) BIM view
.
.
-, , ,

.47
,

.48 (components)

46

, . 227
. . , .., . 5
48
, . 109
47

18
. Robert Aish Robert Woodbury
:
.

(mass customization).49 ;
Oosterhuis Biloria

.50

(constraints).
,
Immanuel Kant, (. 1)
.
.
:
.51 :

. ,
.
. , ,
.52
,
< >
--.
.
,

.
.
.
,
.
, ,

.
:
49

Aish Robert Woodbury Robert Multi-Level Interaction in Parametric Design [] =

Lecture Notes in Computer Science // Smart Graphics 5th International Symposium, SG 2005,
Frauenwrth Cloister, Germany, August 22-24, 2005. Proceedings / . Butz Andreas [ .]. [s.l.] : SpringerLink, 2005. - . 3638. - . 152
50
Oosterhuis Kas Biloria Nimish Interactions with proactive architectural spaces: the muscle
projects [] = Organic user interfaces // Communications of the ACM / . Crawford Diane. New York : Association for Computing Machinery, June 2008. - 6 : . 51. - . 70
51
R. Aish R. Woodbury, .., . 151
52
C. Reas B. Fry, Processing: a programming handbook for visual designers and artists, .., . 537

19
Kublai Khan Marco Polo ,

. , Marco,
, v ,
, ,
, .
Marco, , ,
.
O Kublai :
.
, sirocco, .
:


,
, .
, .
.
; ; ;
. :

,
, , . :
,
, , . ,
, ,
, ,
, .
o ,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.53

53

Calvino Italo Invisible Cities [] // Scribd / . Weaver William. - 21 2011. http://www.scribd.com/doc/18789131/Calvino-Italo-Invisible-cities - . 12

20


. BIM


.
.
Cerovsek : BIM
BIM

, ,
(native file formats). ,
BIM
,
, .54
BIM (shared)
AEC/O / .

(
).
,
.
, , , ,
, -.55
Matthew West
.
.

. ( ..)
,
.56
, Tomo Cherovsek
.

54

T. Cerovsek, A review and outlook for a Building Information Model (BIM): A multi-standpoint
framework for technological development, .., . 227
55
, . 227
56
West Matthew Developing High Quality Data Models [] / . Fowler Julian. - London : Shell
International Limited, 2003. - European Process Industries STEP Technical Liaison Executive. - Version:
2.0 Issue: 2.1 - . 7

21
BIM Schema
BIM .
BIM Schema BIM . ,
BIM Schema
BIM . , BIM ,
BIM Schema BIM Esperanto BIM
.57
BIM Schema BIM
,
BIM
. [] BIM
Schema standard ()
. standard
, , .58

57
58

T. Cerovsek, .., . 227

, . 227

22
BIM BIM
. BIM
(BCM)59
o
o
o
o

- (sender-encoder)
- (decoder-receiver)
/ BIM ,
BIM
,
.

2 BIM BIM
.60
, /
BIM BIM .

.
, ,

.
2: BIM BIM
(Cerovsek, 2011)

BIM

BIM ( )

()

( )

( )

, AEC/O
, .
(, , )

, , ISO, IAI, CSI.
( AEC/O)
AEC/O .

()

.
(, ., , )

BIM .

()

(Archicad, Revit, AllPlan, Tekla, SAP2000)

(EDM modeler, STEP tools)

3D .

()

( /)

(, , )

3D
.
( , , )

BIM
.
(/): rvt, pln, ifc, cis, xml, pdf

: ISO STEP EXPRESS

: XML, OWL, OCL.
( : exp, owl, xsd)

()

()

()

59
60

BIM Communication Model

T. Cerovsek, .., . 227

( AEC/O )

( /)

23
BIM

input ( ), (), output
( ). ,
.
.
() . ,
(
) (
, .. /.)61

.
(information management )
(knowledge management KM).
BIM (building information modeling/management), BKM
(building knowledge modeling/management). , ,
, KM .
,
( 62 ..) ,
. IT63 . ,

,
, ( ..)
.64
. Demian Fruchter,

:

.

.
.

.65

61

, . 227-228
Succar Bilal Episode 3: Focus on Information [] // BIM ThinkSpace. - 23 December
2005. - 3 2011. - http://www.bimthinkspace.com/2005/12/the_bim_episode_1.html
63
Information Technology
64
Rezgui Yacine, Christina Hopfe J. Vorakulpipat Chalee Generations of knowledge management
in the architecture, engineering and construction industry: An evolutionary perspective [] //
Advanced Engineering Informatics. - [s.l.] : Elsevier Ltd., January 2010. - 24. - . 221
65
Demian Peter Fruchter Renate A Methodology for Usability Evaluation of Corporate Memory
Design Reuse Systems [] // ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering / . Garrett James
Jr H Soibelman Lucio. - 2006. - AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. - 6 : . 20. - . 378.
62

24
, .
, ,
,
.66
3: BIM (Cerovsek, 2011)

( )

( )

(input)

(, , )

( , /)

(process)

( : 2D, 3D, )

( , )

(output)

(, , , )

( )

BIM
()

, ,
(, , )

( / BIM Model)

BIM
( )

, ,
(, , )

( /)

3
.
.


.
, . .

,
. .
,
.


.
( ). ,

,
. .

.

.
.

66

, . 378

25

,
,
. O
(draftsman)
(knowledge manager)
- (master)
.
BIM

.

. , , ,
,
. 4
BIM
BIM , , ,
ICT67 , , .68
4: BIM (Cerovsek, 2011)

/
(, , ,
BIM)

(GPS URL , sites, )

(, , )

, -,
69
(, , CRUD )

, , BIM
(, )

. . .
( , per task)

, , ,
( , )

,
( /)

(-/-/-)

( /)

/ BIM Model
70
(, , metadata, , IPR )

(, , )

BIM
(workspace, app., code, services per session)

BIM
( , )

/
(client-server, p2p, hybrid, protocols)

( , )

67

Information & Communication Technology

T. Cerovsek, .., . 228
69
, . 244_ Create Read Update Delete
70
, . 244_ Intellectual Property Rights
68

26
4 IPR ( ).

Keith E. Maskus.
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
. ,
.
, ,

.
.71
.
.

,


. , , ..
, BIM


.
,
.
.


.

(capomaestro).

71

Maskus Keith E. Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy []. - Washington : Peter G.
Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2000. - . 27

27
capomaestro, master builder,
.

,
, ,
.
, ,

.72
Filippo Brunelleschi,

Santa Maria del Fiore (1420-36).
, capomaestro

.73
, Brunelleschi

.
.

, Brunelleschi
Lorenzo Ghiberti
. , , ,
Brunelleschi
.74

72

Garber Richard ALBERTIS PARADIGM [] // Closing the Gap. - [s.l.] : John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 6
MAR 2009. - Architectural Design. - 2 : . 79. - . 89
73
, . 89
74
, . 90

28

5: (Bjrk, 1995)

BIM.
BIM 1995.
, , ,
( ),
, .

70
.

Building Product Model, BIM.

.
,


.

29

-
(graphic oriented) .
.

-
.
1963 MIT Sketchpad: A man-machine
graphical communication system, Ivan Edward Sutherland :

.75
Sketchpad. Sketchpad
.
,


. ,
,
.
Sketchpad, [...]
, -.76


.
, ,


, ,
, .

,
,

.
,

.77

75

Sutherland Ivan Edward A man-machine graphical communication system [] = Sketchpad :

Technical Report / Computer Laboratory ; University of Cambridge. - Cambridge : Markus Kuhn,
2003. - New preface by Alan Blackwell and Kerry Rodden. 574 - . 110
76
, . 17
77
, . 17

30
Sutherland
,
.
Ben Fry Casey Reas
.
,

,
,

() .
, :
.
.

, .
,
,
, .

, ,
, ,
, .78



.






.

6: Sutherland (Sutherland, 2003)

Sutherland :
Sketchpad
. Sketchpad
.

.79

78
79

C. Reas B. Fry, Processing: a programming handbook for visual designers and artists, .., . 1
I. E. Sutherland, .., . 27

31

7: (Khabazi, 2010)

Vs. (/)
Zubin M. Khabazi,
, . ,

.
. 7.
. ,

( ).
.
80


. O
Sutherland :
transistor
.
transistor.
Sketchpad [],
Sketchpad
.

. Sketchpad
.
.81
Sutherland


(. 8).

80

Khabazi Zubin Mohamad GENERATIVE ALGORITHMS using GRASSHOPPER []. - [s.l.] :

MORPHOGENESISM, 2010. - 02. - . 125
81
I. E. Sutherland, .., . 27

32

8: Sketchpad
Sketchpad
(Sutherland, 2003)

. [] Sketchpad
.
Sketchpad
82

.

Sketchpad

.
[]
.

.83
,
.
Sketchpad,
.
. 1980
CAD PC. layer
pin-bar drafting84 layer-based CAD
,

. - .
DWG
.
layer
, layer
.


. CAD
.85

82

Relaxation analysis_
I. E. Sutherland, .., . 106
84

85
Autodesk Building Information Modeling [] // www.autodesk.com. - Autodesk, Inc.,
2002. - White Paper. - 7 2011. - http://www.laiserin.com/features/bim/autodesk_bim.pdf
- . 1
83

33
layers .

,
.
, layers
,

layer . ,
,
.
.

.
layers

.

. CAD


.
Photoshop layers

( ) .
layers ,
,

. - .
layer

layers. .

layer
;
pixels
, .


layers.

.

.

34

.


.


.

.86
90 .
.
CAD, Internet Animation.

.
CAD
, Internet
- Animation ,
.
CAD
, CAD based . , ,

. ,
,
.
building information
modeling building graphic modeling.87

-
. 1997. Revit Technologies
Corporation Leonid Raiz Irwin Jungries Parametric
Technology Corporation88 3D
MCAD89 90.
PTC

AEC .

86

Autodesk, .., . 7
, . 2
88
Parametric Technology Corporation PTC the product development company []. - 8
2011. - http://www.ptc.com/
89
Mechanical CAD
90
TenLinks Autdesk is Buying Revit [] // CADdigest.com. - TenLinks, Inc., 22 Feb 2002. - 8
2011. - http://www.caddigest.com/subjects/autocad/select/adesk_revit/adesk_revit.htm
87

35
PTC, Autodesk ( AutoCAD)
Dassault Systmes. , 1997 , .
, PTC, MCAD,
AEC
Autodesk
.91
Dassault Revit92. ,
Version 1 2000.
, Revit ,
. Architectural Desktop
Autodesk Revit [] Revit
Architectural Desktop
Autodesk.93
Revit. forum94 Revit
2004 :
o

developers ( ).
Revit;
AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, Microstation, Vectorworks, .
( )

David Conant Revit developer :

o

Revit (revision)
. , Perspective,
, ( Charles River Software )
.
To Revit
Archadia , Estuary. ,
, Revit
.

forum forum Autodesk

2004 Autodesk Revit.
:

91

Revit Technology Corporation Revit Technology Corporation's Academic Alliance Grows, Software
Garners Praise From Colleges And Universities [] // PR Newswire. - PR Newswire
Association LLC. - 8 2011. - http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/revit-technologycorporations-academic-alliance-grows-software-garners-praise-from-colleges-and-universities75390667.html
93
TenLinks, ..
94
AUGI Revit Name [] // Autodesk User Group International. - Autodesk User Group
International, Inc., June 2004. - 8 2011. http://forums.augi.com/showthread.php?t=4961&highlight=revit&page=2
92

36
Autodesk, Inc. (Nasdaq: ADSK), []
Revit Technology Corporation [] , $133
. 1 , 2002.95
Building Industry
Division (BID) Autodesk, Phil Bernstein,
AEC . ,
Bernstein , ,
.96
mat .
Autodesk
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, , ADT
. , Revit,
Autodesk,
.
.

95

Business Wire Autodesk Completes Acquisition of Revit Technology Corporation; Complementary

Technology Expands Building Industry Division Business to New Customer Segments [] //
Investors. - Autodesk, Inc., 2 April 2002. - 8 2011. http://investors.autodesk.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=117861&p=irol-irhome
96
TenLinks, ..

37

BIM
, , Dennis
Shelden, Gehry Technologies.

,

. ,
, Shelden.97

. ,
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.

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97

The Economist Newspaper Limited From blueprint to database [] // The Economist. - 5th Jun
2008. - Technology Quarterly. - Computing: Aircraft and cars are designed using elaborate digital
models. Now the same idea is being applied to buildings
98
Golter Heller Barbara Integrated Processes in Building Construction [] // DesignBuild
Dateline. - June 2006. - 6 : . 13. - A Leadership Opportunity for the Federal Sector - . 6
99
Requests for Information_

38
IPD

BIM .
,
,
. BIM ,
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, .

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100

AIA Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide [] / AIA California Council ; The American Institute
of Architects. - [s.l.] : AIA, 2007 - . 7
101
,
102
, . 20

39

9: MacLeamy (AIA, 2007)

,
,
. 9
.

. 1
.
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.
.
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40
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.103
.

10: (AIA, 2007)

,
:
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.104

103

Gauchat Urs The $300,000/Year Architect [] // Closing the Gap. - [s.l.] : John Wiley & Sons
Ltd., 6 MAR 2009. - Architectural Design. - 2 : . 79. - . 34
104
AIA, .., . 22

41
10

. (Who), (What), (How)
(Realize).
(Agency),
(Owner), (Designer), (Design Consultants),
(Constructors) (Trade Constructors).

.
1. _Conceptualization [Expanded Programming]
TI , ,
.105
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, .
, .106
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,
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,
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.108
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, . 24
, . 25
107
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108
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109
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106

42
6. _Buyout
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, . 30
112
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111

43

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113

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, . 32
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114

44
2. _Single Purpose Entities
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. SPE
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, . 33
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45
IPD
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118

Paul Frederic www.allbusiness.com [] // Business Definition for: target pricing. AllBusiness, A D&B Company. - 18 2011. - http://www.allbusiness.com/glossaries/targetpricing/4942199-1.html
119
AIA, Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide, .., . 16
120
, . 16

46


.
,
. IPD
,
.

/
.

. ,
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.

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121

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;

, . 38

47

, , BIM ;
, ,
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)


.122

Dennis Shelden Gehry Technologies

BIM , Digital Project. Frank Gehry
Shelden BIM Walt Disney Concert Hall Los
Angeles.
.

. ,
,
.

.
.
,
. SPE ,
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.
, .123
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.

122
123

D. Shelden, Information Modelling as a Paradigm Shift, .., . 81

AIA, .., . 38

48
$300,000
BIM is More Artifact than Fact, More Art than Artifact124
BIM .
, .
: Are Architects Performance Artists?125
performance :
, .
.
,
.126
Gregg Pasquarelli SHoP (
BIM) .
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, ,

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127.
Urs Gauchat, BIM
, ,
, . []

777 Boeing
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. ,
,
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.128

124

Deutsch Randy BIM and the Human Condition [] // BIM + Integrated Design. - 11
August 2009. - 28 2011. - http://bimandintegrateddesign.com/2009/08/11/bim-and-thehuman-condition/
125
Liu Jonathan Are Architects Performance Artists? A Conference Addresses Performativity
[] // THE NEW YORK OBSERVER. - New York : Arthur L. Carter , 12 7 2011
126
. . ,
, .., . 96-97
127
J. Liu, ..
128
U. Gauchat, The $300,000/Year Architect, .., . 35

49
, ,
BIM
,


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---
,

12: (Balding, 2009)

. , ,
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BI
.
.
,

.
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,

. $15.8
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129
,

.
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.
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129

B. Golter Heller, Integrated Processes in Building Construction A Leadership Opportunity for the
Federal Sector, .., . 2

50
, .
patterns
.
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BIM BIM master,
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,
. Randy Deutsch
:
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.131
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130

Brown Tim Strategy by Design [] // Fast Company / . Webber Alan Taylor

Bill. - Mansueto Ventures LLC, 1 June 2005. - 29 2011. http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/95/design-strategy.html?page=0%2C1
131
Deutsch Randy BIM Beyond Boundaries [] // DesignIntelligence. - Norcross : Design Futures
Council, 3 May 2011
132

51

, , .
;
Deutsch, BIM
.


, BIM

. [] , top-down bottom-up
.133

AD :
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,
.

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.

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.134

133
134

U. Gauchat, .., . 35

52
BIM
135

13: Dedekind

(Jafet, 2008)

Dedekind , Priestley,
.
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.136
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135

Priestley W. M. Plato and analysis [] // The Mathematical Intelligencer. - [s.l.] : Springer

Science+Business Media, Inc., March 2005. - MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS. - 1 : . 27. - . 16
136
, . 10

53
[] , ;
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54
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138

, . 17
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139

55
Dedekind (continuum)
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Deleuze Russell ,

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140
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140

,
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.
M. DeLanda, Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy, .., . 26
141
, . 205
142
, . 59

56
, , (virtual reality)
,
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:
.
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14: possible to real paradigm (Garber, 2009)

15: virtual to actual paradigm (Garber, 2009)

.
AD BIM Closing the Gap ( ),
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[ ]:

143

, . 33
Deleuze Gilles Parnet Claire Dialogues II [] / . Tomlinson Hugh Habberjam
Barbara. - New York : Columbia University Press, 2007. - COLUMBIA CLASSICS IN PHILOSOPHY. - Rev.
ed. - . 149-150
144

57

[ ] ,

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.148

145

R. Garber, The Impact of Building Information Modelling on Contemporary Design Practice, ..,
. 12
146
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147
R. Garber, .., . 12
148
, . 13

58

.
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Revit

60

Revit

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, , ,
.152
Revit?
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152

Autodesk Revit Architecture 2011 [] : User's Guide. - [s.l.] : Autodesk, Inc., 2010 - . 9-10
. , . - , .., .
95-102

153

61
2.


Revit [].
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project, Revit []
project.154
3.
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-
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.

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156.

154

Autodesk, . ., . 10
Computer Graphics
156
Love Peter E. D. [ .] Design error reduction: toward the effective utilization of building
information modeling [] // RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING DESIGN. - London : Springer-Verlag
London Limited 2011, 6 March 2011. - . 22. - . 173-187. 3 - . 173
155

62


157. :

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157

, . 176
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160
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158

63
5.
Revit software .

*.rvt format
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Revit , :
Revit Architecture, Revit Structure & Revit MEP161.
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16: BIM
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161

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64
.
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17.

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163
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, . 56

65

17: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), Building Development Information Model, New York, 2008
(Gauchat, 2009)

,
building development information
model .
project. ,
,
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(Revit & Digital Project)
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(translation layers).




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66
,
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sketch information model

.
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.

67
165
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Revit. Revit
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165

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166
, . 43

68
Revit()-
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18: Revit (Autodesk, 2010)

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167

Autodesk, Revit Architecture 2011, .., . 10

, . 11
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170
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168

69
Family
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173
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174
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175
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176
Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 [] : Families Guide. - [s.l.] : Autodesk, Inc., 2009. - Metric
Tutorials - . 3
172

70

Revit
family editor. family editor mode Revit []

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177
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Autodesk, Revit Architecture 2011, .., . 490

Autodesk, Revit Architecture 2010, .., . 9

71
, loadable families
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project.179 project,

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179
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, . 9
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72
Constraints



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. ,

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References
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181

E. Krygiel ., Mastering Autodesk Revit Architecture 2011, .., . 611

73
Reference Points_
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spline182.

. [] ,
183
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. (end points).

.184
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186
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187
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182

E. Krygiel ., .., . 611
184
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186

187
E. Krygiel ., .., . 324
183

74
, .
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Dimensions
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75
Autodesk
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(. 21).

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188

Autodesk, Revit Architecture 2010, .., . 16

76

23: (form)

Templates

template
Metric Mass.rft
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.
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.

Revit . <Host>

.
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189
190

, . 18
, . 18

77
Standalone Templates
standalone template
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,

project.
Line-based Pattern-based template.
Revit. line-based
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191

, . 19

78
Host-based Templates
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.194
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196
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79
Face-based
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199
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198
199

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80
.
: 1500mm H x 1000mm W, 1500mm H x 1200mm W & 1700mm H x 1500 mm W.



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81

26:

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27:

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82

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83

31:
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84

.



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32: Revit (Autodesk, 2010)

(. 32)

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.
.
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85
(Datum/Data)
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200

Autodesk, Families Guide, .., . 9

86
In place Families

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201

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87
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88
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91

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92

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93

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94

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95
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Visualization in Multi-storied Construction Project [] // Visual Informatics: Bridging Research

207

96
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, ,
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WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) top-down
project
and Practice / . Badioze Zaman Halimah [ .]. - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia : Springer-Verlag,
2009. - . 5857. - . 266-267
208
, . 267

97
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44: (Haque, ., 2009)

209

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211
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45: (Haque, ., 2009)

98

Revit ,
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99
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100

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101

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213
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212

Forouzan Behrouz A. -
[] / .
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213
Jeong J., Lee G. Kang H. Preliminary Performance Evaluation of an ORDB-based IFC Server and
an RDB-based IFC Server by Using the BUCKY Benchmark Method [] // W078 - Special Track
18th CIB World Building Congress May 2010 Salford, United Kingdom / . Barrett Peter [ .]. [s.l.] : CIB Publication 361. - . 192-200. - CIB W078 - Information Technology for Construction - .
194

102
50,
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49: Revit

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51:
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214

, []. - :
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215
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103
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.216
,
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216

Wenny Rahayu Johanna [ .] Performance evaluation of the object-relational transformation

methodology [] // Data & Knowledge Engineering. - [s.l.] : Elsevier B.V., September 2001. - 3 :
. 38. - . 267-268
217
RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification)
reverse engineering.

104

218

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.
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.
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o Revit
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.222
.

J. Wenny Rahayu , .., . 268

, . 270
220
, . 270
221
, . 270
222
, . 272
219

105
ODBC
[object-oriented (OO)]
, ,
.
: ,
[object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS)]. ,


.
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OODBMSs
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.223

,


.
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,
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Revit
.


.
Revit ODBC.
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Microsoft
- .
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,
, ,
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223

, . 265-266
, . 266
225
Microsoft ODBC--Open Database Connectivity Overview [] // Microsoft Support. - 2
July 2010. - 5 2011. - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/110093
224

106

Revit
Microsoft Access
Revit
.

Building Information Management
Revit .
Revit
()
Revit.
, Revit (concatenate)
IF . Access .
project templates226 Revit, Access.
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. ,
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.227
Revit,
.
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. .

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marketing .

. .
.
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.228

226

project template family template. family templates

. project template
project
projects.
227
Crickard Paul Revit, in a Database [] // AUGIWorld / . Harrington David. - [s.l.] :
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228
, . 31

107
,

.
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229

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108
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, (..
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,

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API (Application Programming Interface)

. ,

Revit. API
(plug)
Autodesk Revit . Autodesk Revit .NET API

(C#, VB.NET, F#, .) plug-in.230
, API,
(. 52),

.


(. 53):

52:
Revit API (Autodesk, 2011)
230

Autodesk My First Revit Plug-in Overview [] // My First Plug-in Training. - Autodesk,

Inc, 2011. - 6 2011. http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=16777469

109
1. Autodesk.Revit.UI.UIApplication
Revit Application user
interface . ribbon panels231, events232
.233
2. Autodesk.Revit.ApplicationServices.Application
(application) Revit,
(documents), (options),
(settings).234
3. Autodesk.Revit.UI.UIDocument
project user interface .
(user selections)
, , .235
4. Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document

project Revit, , , .236
53:

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Document

[DB] (Autodesk, 2011)

Revit. plug-in
add-in Autodesk, Autodesk Revit LookUp
Revit,
[]
project. ,
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.
standalone Revit.237

231

Revit User Interface

events Revit user
interface API
Autodesk Revit 2011 API [] : Developers Guide. - [s.l.] : Autodesk, Inc., 2010 - . 278
233
Autodesk Lesson 3: A First Look at Code [] // My First Plug-in Training. - Autodesk, Inc.,
2011. - 8 2011. http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=16499954
234

235

236

237
Autodesk Lesson 7: Learning More [] // My First Plug-in Training. - Autodesk, Inc.,
2011. - 8 2011. http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=16509157
232

110
Revit LookUp Snoop Application.
54,
. Class
Separator238
<Application>.
(Drill Down) 239. <Document Set>
. projects
, projects, families, .
55.
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Revit
interface.
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, <Adaptive points> (. 57),
IDs .
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.
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54: Snoop Application

238
239

Awe Jim Revit Lookup (Formerly known as RvtMgdDbg) []. - [s.l.] : Autodesk, Inc., 2005

111

55: Snoop Document

56: Snoop Settings

112

57: Snoop Category

IFC

114

.

. -
-
-.

Tomo Cerovsek 80 :
Bjork () BIM Schema.
, BIM (1)
(2)
(3) 240 (4)
(5) .241
Bentley Systems, 1995, IAI [ (International Alliance for Interoperability Industrieallianz fr
Interoperabilitt )]
, ,
-
, , ,
.
, , ,


. ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
, , .242
, IAI buildingSMART,
Smart Planning, Smart Design, Smart Construction, Smart Procurement, .
, buildingSMART ,
[General Services Agency (GSA)],
(US Army Corps of Engineers),
/,
,
240

(redundant)


.
241
Cerovsek Tomo A review and outlook for a Building Information Model (BIM): A multi-standpoint
framework for technological development [] // Advanced Engineering Informatics. - [s.l.] :
ELSEVIER, April 2011. - 2 : . 25. - . 230
242
Bentley Systems IFC Position Paper []. - [s.l.] : Bentley Systems, Incorporated, 2008 - . 1

115
- BIM . -
,
-.
IFC
-,
.243

IAI buildingSMART, IFC (Industry Foundation Classes)

BIM
, ,

, ..
(MEP)244,

IFC ,
.245

1.
IFC
.
,

-, , .246
2.
IFC AEC/FM
.
-

. [].
IFC , . ,

.


.247

243

, . 1-2
Mechanical Electrical Plumbing
245
Bentley Systems, IFC Position Paper, .., . 2
246
International Alliance for Interoperability Industry Foundation Classes - Release 2x [] : IFC
Technical Guide. - 2000. - Enabling Interoperability in the AEC/FM Industry - . 2
247
, . 2-3
244

116
3.
,

.
IFC
.

.
,
.
,
.
(
IfcWindow). IFC (leaf node).
AEC/FM ,
, ,
. IFC
(property sets)

property sets.248
4.
IFC
.
:
( CAD -> CAD)
( CAD ->
).249

IAI, IFC

. :

248
249

.

AEC/FM .
.

.

.

.

, . 3
, . 4

117
IFC
, model schemata.
(conceptual layers) ,
.
().
1. (Resource classes)
.
2.
(Core project model). v (Kernel)
(Core Extensions).
3. (modules)

AEC . -.
4. , IFC
(Domain layer).
AEC .
. ,
,
.

. -

-. ,

. , ,
, (measurement) (identification),
.250
58:
IFC

IFC 2x
(

2x3,

2x4).

.
(International Alliance
for Interoperability,
2000)

250

, . 5

118
IFC
, 58
IFC

, (Kernel),
.

. ,
,
.

.
.
IFC .
Resources
IFC
.

(,
), .
,
. ,
.251
Kernel
IFC
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(decomposition) .
.
, , ,
.
(template model)

( ).
AEC/FM, AEC/FM
.
IFC .
.

.252

251
252

, . 6
, . 8

119
Core Extensions
, ( ..)
.
. ,
AEC/FM . [] ,
.
-
, .


.253
Interoperability Layer
-
( )
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. plug in
. -,
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.254
Domain Layer

AEC/FM .

.
, HVAC255, FM, .
leaf node

.256

253

, . 8
, . 9
255
Heating Ventilation Air-Conditioning
256
International Alliance for Interoperability, .., . 10
254

120
IFC

IFC, BIM
, .

,
-.
(), :
1.
2. ()
3.
IFD ()
,
-.
;
;
standards;
To buildingSMART Data Dictionary ( )
.
( )
(project) (asset),
,
, .
() .

ISO257, ISO 12006-3:2007 (Building construction:
Organization of information about construction works, Part 3: Framework for object-oriented
information). , BIM
, -
project.258
,
, . Tomo Cerovsek, .
-
, , ,
. ,
Casing4PileFoundation conceptX.
, conceptX
257

International Organization for Standardization

buildingSMART Data Dictionary - International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD) [] //
buildingSMART Intermational home of openBIM. - buildingSMART International Ltd., 05 October
2011. - 27 2011. - http://buildingsmart.be.no:8080/buildingsmart.com/standards/ifd

258

121
, Casing4PileFoundation
.

.259
, .

. IFD (International Framework for Dictionaries)

projects,
[]
.260
IDM ()
(IPD)
261
, ,
(Dasein) Heidegger,
.
buildingSMART ( Information Delivery
Manual IDM)
.

(, .)
:
,
.
buildingSMART
:
. (Model View Definitions) MVD

.
standard
.262

259

T. Cerovsek, A review and outlook for a Building Information Model (BIM): A multi-standpoint
framework for technological development, .., . 231
260
Steel Jim, Drogemuller Robin Toth Bianca Model interoperability in building information
modelling [] // SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING. - [s.l.] : Springer-Verlag 2010, 6
October 2010. - THEME SECTION. - DOI: 10.1007/s10270-010-0178-4 - . 8
261
_ Lvy Pierre
(Realit Virtuelle) [] / .
. - : , 1999 - . 29
262
buildingSMART Process - Information Delivery Manual (IDM) [] // buildingSMART
International home of openBIM. - buildingSMART International Ltd., 05 October 2011. - 27
2011. - http://buildingsmart.be.no:8080/buildingsmart.com/standards/idm

122
MVD ()

IFC .
/
. ()263 IFC , ,
. 2x3TC1 IFC 327
, 653 317 .

[] 3-
(, , , ), , ,
,
, , .
,

300 . IFC ( )
.264
IFC , Model View Definition, MVD, IFC
,
(Exchange Requirements) AEC . []
IFC ,
( )
IFC .
buildingSMART International,
. MVDs MVDs
buildingSMART buildingSMART International,
buildingSMART 265.

263

. open BIM
buildingSMART
(open source) .
BIM.
264
Steel Jim ., ., . 5
265
buildingSMART Model View Definitions (MVD) [] // buildingSMART International
home of openBIM. - buildingSMART International Ltd., 05 October 2011. - 28 2011. http://buildingsmart.be.no:8080/buildingsmart.com/standards/mvd

123

IFC

.266
,
buildingSMART - round tripping.
round tripping IFC , .. (-) IFC-
IFC-
,
IFC2x3 ,
:

, IFC
, .

.
267: - IFC

(container). , IFC-
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.

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- IFC GUIDs268,
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.

266

Bentley Systems, IFC Position Paper, .., . 4

Nota Bene
268
Globally Unique Identifiers_ GUID OID (. OID . 102)
269

267

124
, ( ) Bentley Architecture
IFC Bentley Architecture
.
, round tripping
.270

.

,
.
IFC
. ,
IFC
. ,
. ,
, IFC
IFC .271
IFC, o Steve Stafford
. blog
:
IFC :
,
.
. ,
.
.

IFC format
,
, ( ).272

. O Tomo Cerovsek,

/.

270

Bentley Systems, .., . 4-5

Steel Jim ., ., . 9
272
Stafford Steve I Speak IFC [] // Revit OpEd. - Blogger, 21 May 2010. - 29
2011. - http://revitoped.blogspot.com/2010/04/i-speak-ifc.html
271

125
, /

.
, , formats

.

IFC.
BIM BIM
. (MVD)
IFC .
IPR
-
IFC, IFC.

59: BIM. BIM

: (R) BIM (R)
-, : (B) BIM .
|| , +/- / . (Cerovsek, 2011)

BIM
(. 59) BIM
BIM .
BIM ,
formats / API .
(.., Graphisoft, Autodesk, Bentley,
Tekla, Vico Software, Nemetchek) (.., ISO)
.273

273

T. Cerovsek, A review and outlook for a Building Information Model (BIM): A multi-standpoint
framework for technological development, .., . 232

126
, 2006
BIM,
. IFC

IFC
. 2 4 .
.
.
.
.
.
IFCs .
.274
, IFC
,
. (, ,
, , ) ,
,
.
, IFC
, , ,
, ( ) IFC
.

274

Howard Rob Bjrk Bo-Christer Building information modelling - Experts' views on

standardisation and industry deployment [] // Advanced Engineering Informatics. - [s.l.] :
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127
IFC & Revit
Revit IFC 2007
buildingSMART. ,
IFC
.
IFC . IFC
IFC
. IFC2x3
(IFC2x3 Coordination View)
, ,
CAD, CAD ,
.275
IFC -
Revit. Revit MEP 2011 (. 60) IFC
freeware DDS-CAD viewer ( 61). ,
IFC .
Revit IFC .
63-64 . ,
( )
.
IFC Revit (. 65).

(. 66),
Global ID. -
/ Revit ( 62).
( )
. IFC (
) Generic Models.
round tripping .

275

Hfele Karl-Heinz IFC Certified Software [] // IfcWiki. - Karlsruhe Institute of

Technology, 6 March 2008. - 1 2011. http://www.ifcwiki.org/index.php/IFC_Certified_Software

128

60: To
Revit MEP

61: To
IFC
DDS-CAD

62: Revit MEP

round tripping

129
63:

Revit IFC

130
64:

Revit IFC
()

131
65:

IFC

Revit

66:

IFC

DDS-CAD

132
IFC BIM
Revit
APIs IFC.
.

API .

,

- .
,
,
API -
IFC
276.
.

- ,

.


format
. , ,
.
IFC Revit 2012 open source.

276

IFC
, AEC
. open source
IFC Autodesk Revit (
LGPL v. 2.1277 ), Autodesk

Autodesk Revit .
2005, Autodesk Revit IFC ,
project
IFC . IFC
,
- AEC .

Robinson Guy IFC has no place in your Revit BIM workflow [] = Programming or not //
BOLT OUT OF THE RED. - 20 2010. - 1 2011. http://www.redbolts.com/blog/post/2010/05/20/IFC-has-no-place-in-your-Revit-BIM-workflow.aspx
277
GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.1

133

Autodesk Revit IFC open source

Autodesk Revit ,
Autodesk Revti Architecture 2012, Autodesk
Revit MEP 2012, Autodesk Revit Structure 2012,
Revit IFC

IFC.
Revit IFC open source
Autodesk IFC

BIM .
Revit IFC
Autodesk
AEC BIM .278

.
Autodesk
.

.
, Autodesk
.
,

( ) ()
. / /
/,
.279
,
, .
API. []
open source export
IFC Revit
.280

278

Autodesk Autodesk Revit IFC Exporter Open Source Announcement FAQ []. - [s.l.] :
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279
, . 8
280
Kfouri Emile IFC Exporter For Revit 2012 is Released as Open Source [] // BIM Apps. Autodesk, Inc., 12 September 2011. - 1 2011. - http://bimapps.typepad.com/bimapps/2011/09/ifc-exporter-for-revit-2012-is-released-as-open-source.html - API Applications for
Autodesk's BIM Tools

134

BIM ,
. BIM
( ), :
, ,
, ,
,
, BIM ,
.281

.
BIM
Tomo Cerovsek. , BIM
.
BIM
. :
(1) -, (2) , (3) . , BIM
IFC -
,
. , BIM
.
BIM .
.
,
-.
, , BIM
.
BIM
:

281

BIM
APIs.

as designed as built .

BWW282
.

T. Cerovsek, A review and outlook for a Building Information Model (BIM): A multi-standpoint
framework for technological development, .., . 235
282
Bunge-Wand-Weber - Tomo Cerovsek.
, , .

135

BIM ,

BIM
.

-
BIM
BIM


.

BIM
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
, .
BIM
.283

283

, . 241

136

BIM
,
:

/

Vs.
-

-

;
BIM ;
IPD ;
reverse engineering
;
BIM
API overhead;
;
IFC ;

BIM,
, ,
.
Dennis Shelden, ,
.
,
,
.
collage.
.
,
,
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