i

DAI HOC QUOC GIA TP. HO CH MINH

TRUNG DAI HC BCH KHOA

NGUYEN THANH CHUONG

CC YEU T ANH HUONG DEN THNH QUA QUAN L

CC DJ N DUNG GIAO THNG NNG THN
TRN DJA BN TINH LM DONG

Chuyn ngnh: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

LUAN VN THAC S







D LAT, thng 7 nm 2010

ii

CNG TRNH DUOC HON THNH TAI
TRUNG DAI HOC BCH KHOA
DAI HOC QUOC GIA THNH PHO HO CH MINH
Cn b huong dn khoa hoc: ........................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Cn b chm dim nhn xt 1: .....................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Cn b chm dim nhn xt 2: .....................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
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Lun vn thac si duoc bao v tai HOI DONG CHAM BAO VE LUAN VN THAC
SY TRUNG DAI HOC BCH KHOA, ngy 24 thng 8 nm 2010
Hi dng dnh gi lun vn thac s gm:
1. PGS.TS. Bi Nguyn Hng Chu tich.
2. TS. Nguyn Thu Quynh Loan Phan bin 1, thu k.
3. TS. Nguyn Thu Hin Phan bin 2.
4. TS. Cao Ho Thi Uy vin.
5. TS. Nguyn Thin Ph Uy vin.
Xc nhn cua Chu tich hi dng v B mn quan l chuyn ngnh sau khi lun vn
d duoc sua chua.

CHU TJCH HI DONG CHU NHIJM B MN
QUAN L CHUYN NGNH



PGS.TS. BI NGUYN HNG

iii

DAI HOC QUOC GIA TP.HCM CNG HA X HI CHU NGHA VIJT NAM
DAI HC BCH KHOA Dc lp - T do - Hnh phc
Tp.HCM, ngy thng 7 nm 2010

NHIJM VJ LUAN VN THAC S
Ho v tn hoc vin : Nguyn Thanh Chuong Gioi tnh: Nam
Ngy, thng nm sinh : 04/7/1979 Noi sinh: D Lat
Chuyn ngnh : Quan tri kinh doanh (lop tai D Lat)
Kho : 2008
1- Tn d ti: Cc yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l cc du n giao thng
nng thn trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng
2- Nhim v lun vn:
- Xc dinh cc yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n v cc tiu ch dnh
gi thnh qua quan l duong du n.
- Lua chon m hnh nghin cuu truoc dy d do luong muc d anh huong cua cc
yu t dn thnh qua quan l du n giao thng nng thn tai Lm Dng.
- Dua ra cc kin nghi nhm nng cao thnh qua quan l du n giao thng nng
thn tai Lm Dng.
3- Ngy giao nhim v: 08/3/2010
4- Ngy hon thnh nhim v: 30/7/2010
5- H v tn cn b hung dn: TS.CAO HO THI
Ni dung v d cuong Lun vn thac s d duoc Hi dng Chuyn ngnh thng qua
vo ngy 03/3/2010

CN B HUNG DAN CHU NHIJM B MN
(Ho tn v chu k) QUAN L CHUYN NGNH
(Ho tn v chu k)



TS.CAO HO THI
iv

LI CM ON
Nu khng c su gip d v h tro cua nh truong, gia dnh, ban b v nhung nguoi
lin quan th ti khng th hon thnh lun vn ny.
Ti xin cm on cc thy c cua truong Dai hoc Bch Khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh,
m dc bit l cc thy c cua khoa Quan l Cng nghip d cung cp huong dn v
cung cp cho ti nhung kin thuc v quan l trong sut hon 2 nm hoc vua qua.
L hoc vin o xa nhung trong sut gn 7 thng thuc hin lun vn, ti d rt may
mn duoc su huong dn nhit tnh cua TS.Cao Ho Thi. Nguoi d kin nhn huong
dn nhung vuong mc m trong qu thuc hin lun vn m ti gp phai qua din
thoai, di khi ko di dn 30 pht, nhung phan hi Email nhanh chng, cung nhu
cc bui huong dn truc tip. TS. Cao Ho Thi dc bit gip d ti trong vic cung
cp mt s ti liu cn thit d thuc hin lun vn.
Ti cung xin cm on cc dng nghip cua ti trong ngnh giao thng o tinh
Lm Dng, nht l cc dng nghip noi ti dang cng tc So Giao thng vn tai
Lm Dng, d nhit tnh gip d ti trong vic cung cp thng tin v du n m ho
tung quan l d thuc hin lun vn.
Cui cng, ti v cng bit on cuc doi d cho ti c mt gia dnh nhu hin nay, l
nhung nguoi lun ung h, chiu dung v hy sinh d ti thuc hin nhung mong mun
cua mnh.
Nguoi thuc hin lun vn
Nguyn Thanh Chuong

v

TM TAT
Muc tiu nghin cuu l xc dinh mi h nhn qua giua cc nhn t tc dng dn
thnh qua quan l cc du n giao thng nng thn tai Lm Dng. Nghin cuu ny
phn tch dua vo 147 du n giao thng nng thn tai Lm Dng trong giai doan tu
nm 2005 dn nay. Thnh qua du n duong giao thng nng thn tai Lm Dng
duoc dua vo cc nghin cuu truoc dy bao gm chi ph, thoi gian, cht luong v
dp ung cc yu cu lin quan. Dua vo cc nghin cuu cua Belassi v Tukel (1996)
v Cao Ho Thi (2006), c 6 nhm yu t anh huong dn thnh qua cua du n chu
yu v su n dinh cua mi truong bn ngoi, su h tro cua cc t chuc bn ngoi du
n, dc trung cua du n, nng luc nh quan l du n v nng luc cc thnh vin
tham gia du n v nng luc cc bn tham gia du n duoc dua vo nghin cuu ny.
Nghin cuu duoc thuc hin trn co so su dung cc thang do cua cc nghin cuu cua
Belassi vTukel (1996) v Cao Ho Thi (2006). Trong 32 bin thuc 6 nhm yu t
anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n duoc dua vo phn tch, sau khi phn tch
tuong quan c 31 bin du diu kin d xem xt phn tch cc buoc tip theo. Su
dung phuong php phn tch d tin cy Cronbachs Alpha d dnh gi d tin cy
cua thang do trong d 31 bin du dat yu cu d phn tch nhn t khm ph. Sau
khi phn tch nhn t khm ph nhm dnh gi d gi tri cua thang do, sau khi phn
tch cn lai 27 bin duoc nhm thnh 4 nhm yu t trong m hnh, trong d cc
nhm yu t su n dinh cua mi truong bn ngoi, su h tro cua cc t chuc lin
quan bn ngoi du n, dc trung cua du n du dat d gi tri cua thang do, ph hop
voi cc nghin cuu truoc dy, ring cc nhm yu t nng luc nh quan l du n,
nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n v nng luc cc bn tham gia du n duoc
ho thnh mt nhm yu t l nhm yu t con nguoi tham gia du n. 71.71%
phuong sai duoc giai thch boi cc nhm yu t trn.
Kt qua phn tch hi quy da bin cho ta thy ca 4 nhm yu t su n dinh cua mi
truong bn ngoi, su h tro cua cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n, dc trung
cua du n v con nguoi tham gia du n du anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n,
trong d nhm yu t con nguoi tham gia du n l anh huong manh nht. 4 nhm
yu t trn giai thch duoc 68.6% su bin dng cua thnh qua quan l du n.
Nhm dnh gi muc d anh huong cua tng muc du tu, quy m du n, chu du tu
cua du n v ngun cp vn cho du n ln 4 tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du
n th phuong sai mt yu t duoc su dung, kt qua phn tch cho thy cc du n c
tng muc du tu lon hon 50 ty dng thnh cng v mt chi ph hon cc du n c
tng muc du tu nho hon 1 ty dng, cn cc yu t cn lai khng c su khc bit khi
xem xt muc d anh huong cua cc bin dinh tnh dc trung cua du n.
Nghin cuu ny l mt ti liu tham khao huu ch di voi cc nh quan l du n v
cc nh hoach dinh chnh sch d pht trin giao thng nng thn trn dia bn tinh
Lm Dng.
vi

ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study are to identify the relationship of cause and effect
between the factors influencing the rural traffic projects management performances
in Lam Dong. The analysis of this research based on 147 rural traffic projects in
Lm Dng from the year of 2005 to the present. The performances of rural traffic
projects in Lam Dong, based on the previous researches, include the cost, time,
quality and satisfaction of relating requirements. 6 groups of factors influencing the
project management, according to the researches of Belassi and Tukel (1996) and
Cao Ho Thi (2006), are external environment stability, project manager
competencies, team member competencies, project characteristics, contractors
competencies and external organizational support.
The scales of Belassi and Tukel (1996) and Cao Ho Thi (2006) are used in this
research. Among 32 variables of 6 groups of factors influencing the project
management performances, the interrelating analysis shows that 31 variables can
meet the requirements for the further considerations of the next steps in the
research. Reliability analysis are used to evaluate the scale reliability, in which 31
variables can be used to analyze the exploratory factors. After the exploratory
factors are analyzed to evaluate the scale values, the rest of 27 variables are divided
into 4 groups of factors in the model. The factor groups of external environment
stability, external organizational support, and project characteristics can meet the
validity of the scales, matching the previous researches. However, the factor groups
of project manager competencies, team member competencies, and contractors
competencies are gathered into one group, the factors of project human resource.
71,71% variance is explained by these mentioned factor groups.
The results of multiple-regression analysis show that all of 4 factor groups, external
environment stability, external organizational support, project characteristics and
the project human resources influence the project management performance; and the
group of project human resources is the strongest influence factor. These 4 above
factors explain 68,6% fluctuation of the project management performances.
In order to measure the influence of the investment total cost, the project size, the
project investors and capital suppliers over 4 criteria of evaluating the project
management performance, One way analysis of variance is used. The results of
analysis show that projects with the investment total cost of over 50 billion succeed
in costing management more than projects with the investment total cost of under 1
billion. There is no difference among the other factors when considering the
influence of project qualitative variables.
This study is a useful reference for project managers and policy planners to develop
the traffic system in the rural areas in Lam Dong.
vii

MJC LJC
LI CM ON.................................................................................................................................... iv
TM TAT ....................................................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... vi
MUC LUC .....................................................................................................................................vii
DANH MUC CC BANG ................................................................................................................. x
DANH MUC CC HNH.................................................................................................................xii
DANH MUC CC THUAT NG VIET TAT................................................................................xiii
CHUONG 1 GII THIEU NGHIN CUU........................................................................................ 1
1.1. L do hnh thnh d ti.......................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Muc tiu nghin cuu.............................................................................................................. 2
1.3. Pham vi nghin cuu............................................................................................................... 2
1.4. nghia thuc tin................................................................................................................... 3
1.5. B cuc cua lun vn .............................................................................................................. 3
CHUONG 2 CO SO L THUYET .................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Khi nim v dinh nghia v giao thng nng thn ............................................................... 4
2.2. Mt s l thuyt v quan l du n......................................................................................... 4
2.2.1. Du n..................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2. Chu ky hoat dng cua du n.................................................................................................. 4
2.2.2.1. Giai doan khoi du du n ...................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2.2. Giai doan trin khai du n..................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2.3. Giai doan kt thc du n ....................................................................................................... 5
2.2.3. Quan l du n........................................................................................................................ 5
2.2.4. Nh quan l du n ................................................................................................................. 6
2.2.5. T chuc du n........................................................................................................................ 6
2.3. Tng quan cc nghin cuu d thuc hin................................................................................ 7
2.3.1. Tiu ch dnh gi v thnh qua cua du n............................................................................. 7
2.3.2. Nhung yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n......................................................... 8
2.3.3. Luoc khao cc m hnh nghin cuu .................................................................................... 12
2.4. M hnh nghin cuu d nghi v cc gia thuyt.................................................................... 15
2.4.1. Nhung tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n GTNT................................................... 15
2.4.2. Nhung yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n GTNT........................................... 15
2.4.2.1. Yu t v mi truong bn ngoi du n.......................................................................... 15
viii

2.4.2.2. Yu t v nng luc nh quan l du n v thnh vin tham gia du n................................. 16
2.4.2.3. Yu t v su h tro cua cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n.......................................... 17
2.4.2.4. Yu t v nng luc cc t chuc tham gia vo du n...................................................... 18
2.4.2.5. Yu t v dc trung du n GTNT ....................................................................................... 18
2.4.3. M hnh nghin cuu d nghi ............................................................................................... 20
2.5. Tm tt ................................................................................................................................ 21
CHUONG 3 PHUONG PHP NGHIN CUU .............................................................................. 22
3.1. Thit k nghin cuu............................................................................................................. 22
3.1.1. Nghin cuu so b ................................................................................................................ 23
3.1.2. Nghin cuu chnh thuc ........................................................................................................ 23
3.1.2.1. Loai du n v di tuong nghin cuu ................................................................................... 23
3.1.2.2. Mu ..................................................................................................................................... 24
3.1.2.3. Thang do v cc bin........................................................................................................... 24
3.1.2.4. Ban cu hoi.......................................................................................................................... 25
3.2. Phn tch du liu.................................................................................................................. 25
3.2.1. Phuong php phn tch nhn t........................................................................................... 25
3.2.1.1. Mt s tham s quan trong trong phn tch nhn t............................................................ 26
3.2.1.2. Muc dch cua phn tch nhn t .......................................................................................... 26
3.2.1.3. Phn tch ma trn tuong quan ............................................................................................. 27
3.2.1.4. M hnh nhn t .................................................................................................................. 27
3.2.1.5. Cch rt trch nhn t.......................................................................................................... 27
3.2.1.6. Xoay cc nhn t................................................................................................................. 28
3.2.1.7. Cc phuong php d xc dinh s luong nhn t duoc rt trch........................................... 29
3.2.1.8. Tiu ch dnh gi nghia cua factor loadings..................................................................... 29
3.2.2. Phuong php phn tch hi quy da bin.............................................................................. 30
3.2.2.1. Khi nim phuong php phn tch hi quy da bin............................................................. 30
3.2.2.2. Mt s tham s thng k trong phn tch hi quy da bin .................................................. 30
3.3. Tm tt ................................................................................................................................ 31
CHUONG 4 KET QUA NGHIN CUU.......................................................................................... 32
4.1. Phn tch du liu.................................................................................................................. 32
4.1.1 Kim dinh thang do............................................................................................................. 32
4.1.1.1. D tin cy............................................................................................................................ 32
4.1.1.2. D gi tri ............................................................................................................................. 33
ix

4.1.2 Cc buoc phn tch du liu voi SPSS 16.0 ......................................................................... 33
4.2. Kt qua phn tch tn sut v thng k m ta cc bin dinh tnh ........................................ 34
4.3. Kt qua phn tch thng k m ta cc bin dinh luong....................................................... 36
4.4. Phn tch tuong quan........................................................................................................... 38
4.4.1. Su tuong quan giua cc bin phu thuc .............................................................................. 39
4.4.2. Su tuong quan giua cc bin phu thuc v cc bin dc lp............................................... 39
4.4.3. Su tuong quan giua cc bin dc lp .................................................................................. 43
4.4.4. Tm tt ................................................................................................................................ 48
4.5. Kim dinh thang do............................................................................................................. 48
4.5.1. Phn tch d tin cy............................................................................................................. 48
4.5.2. Phn tch nhn t................................................................................................................. 51
4.5.2.1. Phn tch nhn t cho bin phu thuc ................................................................................. 52
4.5.2.2. Phn tch nhn t cho cc bin dc lp ............................................................................... 53
4.5.3. Tm tt ................................................................................................................................ 56
4.6. Kim dinh m hnh nghin cuu v cc gia thuyt ............................................................... 58
4.6.1. Phn tch tuong quan........................................................................................................... 58
4.6.2. Phn tch hi quy................................................................................................................. 58
4.6.3. Kim dinh gia thuyt........................................................................................................... 61
4.7. Phn tch phuong sai mt yu t (One-way ANOVA) ....................................................... 63
4.7.1. Phn tch anh huong bin tng muc du tu dn 4 tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n........... 64
4.7.2. Phn tch anh huong bin quy m du n dn 4 tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n.............. 65
4.7.3. Phn tch anh huong bin chu du tu dn 4 tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n .................... 66
4.7.4. Phn tch anh huong bin ngun vn cp cho du n dn 4 tiu ch thnh qua quan l du
n ..................................................................................................................................... 67
4.8. Tm tt ................................................................................................................................ 67
CHUONG 5 KET LUAN V KIEN NGHI ..................................................................................... 70
5.1. Cc kt qua nghin cuu chnh ............................................................................................. 70
5.2. Nhung dng gp, nghia thuc tin v nhung kin nghi ..................................................... 71
5.3. Han ch v huong nghin cuu tip theo.............................................................................. 72
Ti liu tham khao............................................................................................................................. 73
PHU LUC A BAN CU HOI KHAO ST
PHU LUC B KET QUA KHAO ST V XU L SO LIU

x

DANH MJC CC BANG
Bang 2.1 Muoi yu t anh huong dn su thnh cng cua du n. ......................................................10
Bang 2.2 Cc yu t anh huong thnh cng du n cua cc nghin cuu truoc dy. ...........................11
Bang 2.3 Tm tt cc gia thuyt........................................................................................................19
Bang 4.1 Loai du n..........................................................................................................................34
Bang 4.2 Tng muc du tu................................................................................................................34
Bang 4.3 Quy m du n ....................................................................................................................35
Bang 4.4 Chu du tu cua du n .........................................................................................................35
Bang 4.5 Ngun vn cp cho du n ..................................................................................................35
Bang 4.6 Giai doan thuc hin du n..................................................................................................36
Bang 4.7 Kt qua thng k m ta cc bin phu thuc.......................................................................36
Bang 4.8 Kt qua thng k m ta cc bin dc lp ...........................................................................37
Bang 4.9 Kt qua thng k m ta cc bin dc trung cua du n dang dinh luong............................38
Bang 4.10 Su tuong quan giua cc yu t thnh qua quan l du n .................................................39
Bang 4.11 Su tuong quan giua cc yu t mi truong bn ngoi v thnh qua quan l du n. ........39
Bang 4.12 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc nh quan l du n v thnh qua quan l du n ...40
Bang 4.13 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n v thnh qua
quan l du n...................................................................................................................40
Bang 4.14 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc cc bn tham gia du n v thnh qua cua du
n.....................................................................................................................................41
Bang 4.15 Su tuong quan giua cc bin su h tro cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n du n
v thnh qua quan l du n .............................................................................................41
Bang 4.16 Su tuong quan giua cc bin dc trung cua du n dang dinh luong v thnh qua
quan l du n...................................................................................................................42
Bang 4.17 Su tuong quan giua cc bin yu t mi truong bn ngoi .............................................43
Bang 4.18 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc nh quan l du n ...............................................43
Bang 4.19 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n............................44
Bang 4.20 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc cc bn tham gia du n.......................................45
Bang 4.21 Su tuong quan giua cc bin su h tro cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n du n. ....45
Bang 4.22 Su tuong quan giua cc bin dc trung du n duoi dang dinh luong. .............................47
Bang 4.23 Kt qua kim dinh thang do.............................................................................................49
Bang 4.24 Kt qua kim dinh thang do nng luc cc bn tham gia du n, cc t chuc lin quan
bn ngoi du n du n .....................................................................................................50
Bang 4.25 Kt qua kim dinh thang do dc trung cua du n ............................................................51
xi

Bang 4.26 KMO v Bartletts Test cua bin phu thuc (thnh qua quan l du n) ..........................52
Bang 4.27 Kt qua phn tch nhn t cho bin phu thuc (thnh qua quan l du n).......................53
Bang 4.28 KMO v Bartletts Test cua cc bin dc lp ..................................................................53
Bang 4.29 Kt qua phn tch nhn t cc bin dc lp .....................................................................54
Bang 4.30 Kt qua phn tch nhn t cc bin dc lp (ln 2)..........................................................55
Bang 4.31 KMO v Bartletts Test cua cc bin dc lp (ln 2).......................................................56
Bang 4.32 Tm tt thang do cc bin trong m hnh hi quy da bin ..............................................57
Bang 4.33 Kt qua phn tch tuong quan giua cc bin trong phn tch hi quy .............................58
Bang 4.34 Kt qua phn tch hi quy da bin M hnh 1..................................................................59
Bang 4.35 Kt qua phn tch hi quy da bin M hnh 2..................................................................60
Bang 4.36 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo di tuong tng muc du tu. .........................................64
Bang 4.37 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo di tuong tng muc du tu. .........................................65
Bang 4.38 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo quy m du n...............................................................65
Bang 4.39 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo di tuong chu du tu....................................................66
Bang 4.40 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo ngun vn cp cho du n.............................................67
Bang 4.41 Tm tt kt qua kim dinh gia thuyt. .............................................................................69

xii

DANH MJC CC HNH
Hnh 2.1 Mi lin h giua 3 yu t: Chi ph, Thoi gian v Cht luong. .............................................6
Hnh 2.2 Muoi tiu ch anh huong dn su thnh cng cua du n. ......................................................9
Hnh 2.3 Nhn t anh huong dn thnh cng hay tht bai cua du n................................................12
Hnh 2.4 Nhn t anh huong dn thnh cng cua du n. ..................................................................13
Hnh 2.5 Cc nhm nhn t anh huong dn thnh qua cua du n.....................................................14
Hnh 2.6 Yu t mi truong bn ngoi v thnh qua quan l du n. ................................................15
Hnh 2.7 Nng luc cua nh quan l du n v thnh qua quan l du n. ............................................16
Hnh 2.8 Nng luc cua nh quan l du n v thnh qua quan l du n. ............................................17
Hnh 2.9 Su h tro cua t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n v thnh qua quan l du n. .................17
Hnh 2.10 Nng luc cua cc t chuc tham gia du n v thnh qua quan l du n. ...........................18
Hnh 2.11 M hnh nghin cuu d nghi. ...........................................................................................20
Hnh 3.1 Quy trnh nghin cuu. ........................................................................................................22
















xiii

DANH MJC CC THUAT NG VIET TAT
DA : Du n
GTNT : Giao thng nng thn
QLDA : Quan l du n






1

CHUONG 1
GII THIJU NGHIN CUU
Chuong 1 ny s trnh by l do hnh thnh d ti, muc tiu nghin cuu, pham vi
nghin cuu, nghia thuc tin cua d ti v b cuc cua lun vn.
1.1. L do hnh thnh d ti
Theo tiu chun thit k duong giao thn nng thn 22TCN 210 92, mang luoi
duong giao thng nng thn (GTNT) l mt b phn giao thng dia phuong ni tip
vi h thng duong quc gia nhm phuc vu san xut Nng Lm Ngu nghip
phuc vu giao luu kinh t - vn ho x hi cua cc lng x - thn xm. Mang luoi
ny nm dam bao cho cc phuong tin co gioi loai trung, nhe v xe th so qua lai.
GTNT dng mt vai tr quan trong trong vic pht trin kinh t - x hi. Nu gn
kt tt mang luoi giao thng tu cc x, thn, xm voi mang luoi giao thng cua
huyn, tinh v mang luoi duong quc gia, tao su lin hon thng sut tu cc trung
tm kinh t pht trin dn tn vng su vng xa s tao dt ph trong tng truong
ton din v kinh t - x hi. Giao thng thun loi s thu ht du tu v vng nng
thn, tao vic lm, gp phn thuc hin xa di giam ngho o nng thn mt cch
hiu qua, giam dn khoang cch giu ngho giua nng thn voi thnh thi.
H thng duong b GTNT trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng c tng chiu di khoang
3,044km, mt d bnh qun 0.31km/Km2. Trong giai doan tu nm 2005 dn nm
2009, s cng trnh duoc du tu xy dung v nng cp, cai tao l 984 cng trnh voi
tng muc du tu khoang 1,116 ty dng, d gp phn quan trong trong vic pht trin
kinh t x hi, dam bao an ninh quc phng v xa di, giam ngho cua
tinh Lm Dng.
Trong thoi gian qua, tinh Lm Dng d tp trung chi dao, du tu xy dung pht trin
ha tng giao thng o cc dia phuong, coi pht trin giao thng vn tai l bin php
hng du trong su nghip pht trin kinh t x hi, dam bao an ninh quc phng v
xa di, giam ngho. Cc dia phuong trong tinh Lm Dng d tp trung n luc xy
dung mang luoi duong GTNT bng nhiu ngun vn v nhiu phuong thuc nhu nh
nuoc v nhn dn cng lm nhm vn dng nhn dn dng gp tin, hin vt, ngy
cng v dc bit l hin dt d xy dung cu duong o nng thn, khu ph, t dn
ph. N luc trn d gp phn quyt dinh vo qu trnh pht trin kinh t x hi, dy
nhanh chuong trnh xa di, giam ngho cua tinh (D n pht trin GTNT trn dia
bn tinh Lm Dng, 2008).
Bn canh nhung thnh qua cua cc du n giao thng nng thn d dat duoc nhu d
nu o trn, cung c nhiu yu t lin quan dn kim sot chi ph, cht luong lm
2

chm tin d thuc hin du n nhu du n duong Da Sar X Lt - huyn Lac Duong,
duong Lc Thng - Lc Quang - Lc Tn huyn Bao Lm, duong Tin Hong -
Dng Nai Thuong - huyn Ct Tin Vic ny d v dang gy nhiu vn d buc
xc cho cc bn lin quan dn du n. Di voi tinh Lm Dng, du n khng thnh
cng anh huong dn qu trnh pht trin kinh t x hi, dy nhanh chuong trnh xa
di, giam ngho cua tinh lm giam lng tin cua nhn dn di voi cc chnh sch,
quyt dinh cua nh nuoc. Di voi cc don vi tu vn, dnh mt nim tin cua chu du
tu v theo d l su ra di cua khch hng trong tuong lai. Di voi cc nh thu thi
cng, vic khng thnh cng cua du n l gy thit hai v ti chnh cho cng ty v
lm cho uy tn bi giam st hoc dnh mt, s gy bt loi trong vic du thu thi cng
xy dung cc cng trnh tip theo.
Mc d truoc dy d c nhiu nghin cuu trong v ngoi nuoc v cc yu t anh
huong dn su thnh cng cua du n nhu nghin cuu cua Pinto v Slevin (1989),
Belassi v Tukel (1996), Cao Ho Thi (2006) nhung chua c nghin cuu no tp
trung dnh gi ring cho su thnh cng cua cc du n duong GTNT, nht l trn dia
bn tinh Lm Dng. V vy, d ti ny nghin cuu Cc yu t anh huong dn thnh
qua quan l cc du n duong giao thng nng thn trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng
1.2. Mc tiu nghin cu
Su thnh cng cua cc du n GTNT s gp phn hon thin h thng giao thng tao
su gn kt giua cc thn, xm, x, phuong dn cc trung tm huyn, thnh ph trn
dia bn Tinh, tao su thng thuong, trao di hng ha v di lai giua cc dia phuong
l dng luc pht trin kinh t - x hi cua tinh Lm Dng. Voi thnh qua quan l du
n mang lai, nghin cuu ny s dp ung cc muc tiu sau:
Xc dinh cc yu t anh huong v cc tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l cc
du n duong GTNT.
Dua trn m hnh nghin cuu, do luong muc d anh huong cua cc yu t tc
dng dn thnh qua quan l cc du n duong GTNT.
Dua ra cc khuyn nghi, bin php nhm nng cao thnh qua quan l cc du n
duong GTNT.
1.3. Phm vi nghin cu
D ti tp trung nghin cuu trong pham vi:
Cc huyn, thi x, thnh ph thuc tinh Lm Dng.
Cc du n duong giao thng nng thn d v dang thuc hin trong giai doan tu
nm 2005 dn nay.
Thnh phn tham gia tra loi cc bang cu hoi l nhung thnh vin d tham gia
quan l cc du n ni trn v c t nht 3 nm kinh nghim.
Thoi gian thuc hin d ti tu ngy 06/01/2010 dn 30/7/2010.
3

1.4. nghia thc tin
Voi kt qua nghin cuu ny:
Di voi cc nh quan l du n nhn ra muc d anh huong cua nhung yu t tc
dng dn thnh qua quan l du n, tu d tp trung cai thin cc k nng quan l du
n d mang lai thnh cng cho du n m ho quan l.
Di voi cc co quan, ban, ngnh hoach dinh chin luoc pht trin kinh t x
hi, vic xc dinh cc yu t anh huong dn su thnh cng cua du n duong GTNT
trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng c th c cc dinh huong, chnh sch, nguyn tc quan
l ph hop nhm dat duoc su thnh cng cua du n.
1.5. B cc cua lun vn
B cuc cua lun vn ny duoc chia thnh 5 chuong. Chuong 1 gioi thiu tng quan
v nghin cuu. Chuong 2 trnh by l thuyt v du n, quan l du n, nh quan l du
n, cc yu t anh huong dn thnh qua cua du n, cc nghin cuu truoc dy c lin
quan dn nghin cuu. Chuong 3 trnh by phuong php nghin cuu d kim dinh
thang do, m hnh l thuyt v cc gia thuyt d ra. Chuong 4 trnh by phuong
php nghin cuu v kt qua nghin cuu. Chuong 5 tm tt nhung kt qua chnh cua
nghin cuu, nhung dng gp cua nghin cuu, nghia thuc tin cua nghin cuu,
nhung han ch cua nghin cuu d dinh huong cho cc nghin cuu tip theo.

4

CHUONG 2
CO SO L THUYET
Chuong 2 s gioi thiu dinh nghia v khi nim v giao thng nng thn, cc l
thuyt v du n, chu ky hoat dng cua du n, quan l du n, nh quan l du n, cc
yu t anh huong dn thnh qua cua du n, cc m hnh l thuyt cua cc nghin
cuu truoc dy. Dy chnh l co so d chon lua m hnh nghin cuu tu d d xut cc
gia thuyt nghin cuu.
2.1. Khi nim v d|nh nghia v giao thng nng thn
Hiu mt cch khi qut th giao thng nng thn (GTNT) l su chuyn dich cua
nguoi v hng ha trong pham vi huyn, x, thn xm. Trong d, theo B Giao
thng vn tai, S tay bao dung duong GTNT (2009), h thng GTNT gm kt cu
ha tng, phuong tin vn tai v nguoi tham gia giao thng, cu th l:
Kt cu ha tng GTNT bao gm mang luoi duong b nng thn nhu duong
huyn, duong x, duong thn xm, duong ra dng rung, cc cng trnh cu cng,
bn ph trn h thng duong GTNT; ngoi ra cn c cc sng, knh v cu, bn
sng thuc huyn, x, thn quan l.
Phuong tin vn tai gm cc loai phuong tin cua nguoi dn o dia phuong so
huu; phuong tin tham gia dich vu vn tai quy m nho hoat dng trn cc tuyn
duong nng thn.
2.2. Mt s l thuyt v quan l d n
2.2.1. D n
Du n l mt n luc tam thoi duoc thuc hin d tao ra mt san phm hoc dich vu
duy nht. Tam thoi c nghia mi du n du c dim bt du v kt thc. Duy nht
c nghia l san phm hoc dich vu cua du n khc voi tt ca cc san phm hoc
dich vu tuong tu khc (Vin Quan l du n, 2002).
Du n l qu trnh gm cc cng vic, nhim vu c lin quan voi nhau duoc thuc
hin nhm dat duoc muc tiu d ra trong diu kin rng buc v thoi gian,
ngun luc v ngn sch (Cao Ho Thi, Nguyn Thu Quynh Loan, 2004).
2.2.2. Chu ky hot dng cua d n
Theo Cao Ho Thi, Nguyn Thu Quynh Loan (2004) chu ky hoat dng cua du n
gm 3 giai doan l khoi du, trin khai, kt thc v xay ra theo tin trnh cham -
nhanh - cham.
5

2.2.2.1. Giai don khoi du d n
Giai doan ny bao gm cc hoat dng lin quan dn du n nhu khi nim v dinh
nghia du n; lp bo co du tu xy dung cng trnh, lp du n du tu xy dung
cng trnh (Nghi dinh s 12/2009/ND-CP ngy 12/02/2009 cua Chnh Phu); thm
dinh, lua chon du n du tu; thit k xy dung cng trnh; bt du trin khai.
Vic hnh thnh du n du tu phai trai qua nhiu giai doan do ngun luc v ti chnh
v nhn luc l c han, v vy qua mi giai doan chng ta cn phn tch nghin cuu
cc kha canh v thi truong, k thut, ngun luc, ti chnh, kinh t, x hi, cc rui ro
d di dn quyt dinh c tip tuc hay bi bc bo du n m khng cn phn tch thm
nua. V vy, theo chu ky hoat dng cua du n giai doan ny tin hnh chm.
2.2.2.2. Giai don trin khai d n
Giai doan ny bao gm cc cc hoat dng l hoach dinh; lp tin d; t chuc cng
vic; gim st; kim sot.
2.2.2.3. Giai don kt thc d n
Giai doan ny bao gm cc hoat dng l chuyn giao v dnh gi.
Tt ca cc du n du c dim kt thc d l thoi dim du n duoc chuyn vo s
k ton lich su. Nu nhu giai doan trin khai du n, cc thnh vin cua du n tin
hnh voi su hung khoi d mong nhn thy kt qua cua du n th giai doan kt thc
du n khi thnh qua hin ra truoc mt nn cc thnh vin tham gia du n tro nn
chn nan boi su quen thuc hoc lo lng cho tuong lai cua ho nn lm giam su quan
tm dn nhim vu cn lai, giam dng co lm vic, khng gn b voi du n nhu lc
du. Do d, tin d thuc hin o giai doan ny thuong chm.
2.2.3. Quan l d n
Quan l du n l vic p dung nhung kin thuc, k nng, cng cu v k thut vo
cc hoat dng cua du n d dat duoc hoc vuot qua cc yu cu v mong mun cua
cc bn tham gia du n (Vin Quan l du n, 2002).
Quan l du n l qu trnh hoach dinh, t chuc, lnh dao, kim tra cc cng vic v
ngun luc d hon thnh cc muc tiu d dinh (d l dat duoc kt qua v k thut,
ti chnh v thoi gian) (Cao Ho Thi, Nguyn Thu Quynh Loan, 2004).
Cc linh vuc quan l trong quan l du n xy dung chia thnh 13 lnh vuc bao gm
quan l vic hop nht, quan l pham vi, quan l thoi gian, quan l chi ph, quan l
cht luong, quan l ngun nhn luc, quan l truyn thng, quan l rui ro, quan l
mua sm, quan l an ton, quan l mi truong, quan l ti chnh, quan l khiu nai.
6

2.2.4. Nh quan l d n
Quan l du n phai l su kt hop cua ngh thut, khoa hoc v tu duy logic. Kin
thuc rng l mt yu cu dc bit quan trong di voi nh quan l du n boi hu ht
cc du n du lin quan dn cc kha canh v ti chnh, tip thi, t chuc cc kha
canh ny lin quan dn nhiu b phn. Mc d cc nh quan l c th tham gia du
n o nhung giai doan khc nhau cua du n nhung du phai giai quyt cc vn d co
ban l tin d thuc hin du n, ngn sch, quan l v phn b ngun luc, mi quan
h voi con nguoi v thuong luong.
Vn d thit yu v c l l phn cng vic kh khn nht cua nh quan l du n l
ch dn ton b buc tranh m khng duoc lm tn hai dn nhung chi tit quan
trong no. Nh quan l du n phai phn tch v dnh di cc kha canh khc nhau
trong mi quyt dinh lin quan dn du n (Cao Ho Thi, Nguyn Thu Quynh Loan,
2004).
Trch nhim cua nh quan l du n:
Theo Cao Ho Thi, Nguyn Thu Quynh Loan (2004), trch nhim cua nh quan l
du n l cn di duoc mi lin h c tnh cht dnh di giua 3 yu t chi ph, thoi
gian v cht luong, duoc th hin trong Hnh 2.1.









Hnh 2.1 Mi lin h giua 3 yu t: Chi ph, Thoi gian v Cht luong.
Nguon: Cao Ho Thi, Nguyn Thu Quvnh Loan (2004)
2.2.5. T chc d n
T chuc l mt nhm nguoi duoc sp xp theo mt trt tu nht dinh d c th cng
phi hop hoat dng voi nhau nhm dat dn muc tiu cua du n. Trong d, cu trc
cua t chuc l mt kiu mu duoc dt ra d phi hop hoat dng giua nhung con
nguoi trong t chuc. T chuc c th cu trc theo nhiu cch khc nhau dua trn
mi quan tm tuong tu nhau v chuc nng cc loai qu trnh duoc su dung, cc dc
trung cua san phm khch hng hay lnh th. Ni chung cu trc t chuc gm cc
Mi quan h
Chi ph
Cht lung
Thi gian
7

dang cu trc t chuc dang chuc nng; cu trc t chuc dang du n; cu trc t chuc
dang ma trn (Cao Ho Thi, Nguyn Thu Quynh Loan, 2004).
2.3. Tng quan cc nghin cu d thc hin
2.3.1. Tiu ch dnh gi v thnh qua cua d n
Di voi mi linh vuc, mi ngnh, mi loai du n c cch nhn nhn khc nhau v su
thnh cng cua du n nhung thnh cng cua du n thuong duoc do bng tiu ch
thoi gian, chi ph v cht luong, c nghia l du n duoc cho l qun l thnh cng
nu dat duoc cht luong mong mun voi thoi gian v chi ph cho php.
Sidwell (1983) dnh gi du n dua trn nhiu tiu ch bao gm thoi gian, chi ph,
tnh thm m, cht luong, chuc nng, su thoa mn cua khch hng v mi quan h
voi dng nghip.
Tuy nhin voi Pinto v Slevin (1988), thnh phn thoi gian, chi ph v cht luong d
dnh gi du n l chua du m su thoa mn khch hng v dem lai loi ch cho mt
nhm khch hng ring bit l tiu ch quan trong d dnh gi du n.
Freeman v Beale (1992) dua ra 7 tiu ch duoc dng d do luong su thnh cng
cua du n, trong d 5 tiu ch l thnh qua v mt k thut, hiu qua cua su thuc
hin, su dp ung muc tiu chin luoc v t chuc v quan l, su truong thnh cua con
nguoi, thnh qua kinh doanh v kha nng cua nh san xut l nhung tiu ch duoc
dng thuong xuyn.
Theo Baccarini (1999), thnh cng cua du n bao gm hai thnh phn d l su thnh
cng quan l du n v su thnh cng cua san phm du n. Su thnh cng quan l du
n tp trung vo giai doan thuc hin du n m cu th l du n hon thnh dp ung
duoc cc muc tiu v chi ph, thoi gian v cht luong. Su thnh cng san phm l su
dat duoc hiu qua cua san phm cui cng cua du n m quan trong nht l su thoa
mn khch hng. Tm lai theo Baccarini (1999), thnh cng cua du n l su thnh
cng quan l du n v su thnh cng cua san phm du n.
Lim v Mohamed (1999) d d xut dnh gi su thnh cng cua du n trn quan
dim vi m v vi m. Quan dim vi m v thanh cng cua du n l khi nim ban
du cua du n c dat duoc khng? Nu c th du n d duoc xem l thnh cng, nu
khng th du n duoc xem l khng thnh cng hoc tht bai. Han ch cua quan
dim vi m l chi xt dn khi nim ban du cua du n c dat duoc hay khng m
chua quan tm dn giai doan hoat dng cua du n, vic dnh gi ny phu thuc vo
vo nguoi su dung, khi nguoi su dung hi lng th du n duoc xem l thnh cng.
Quan dm vi m v thnh cng cua du n th xem xt ca giai doan thuc hin du n
v cc bn lin quan trong vic xy dung. Hai tiu ch dnh gi du n thnh cng
8

theo quan dim vi m l hon thnh v su hi lng. Trong khi tiu ch hon thnh
du n du d xc dinh du n thnh cng theo quan dim vi m.
Theo Kerner (2001), du n thnh cng duoc dinh nghia l hon thnh cng vic
trong thoi gian cho php, trong gioi han chi ph cho php, dat duoc muc d ph hop
cua cc yu cu k thut voi nhung thay di ti thiu trong quy m v dat duoc su
chp thun, hi lng cua khch hng/ nguoi su dung.
Theo Chan (2001) du n thnh cng phai dat cc tiu chun sau thoi gian, chi ph,
dp ung tiu chun k thut, thoa mn yu cu cua cc bn tham gia, dp ung ky
vong nguoi dng, khng anh huong dn mi truong xung quanh, dem lai gi tri
kinh doanh v an ton khi thi cng.
Tu cc quan dim nu trn, nghin cuu ny s su dung 4 tiu ch dng d dnh gi
su thnh qua cua du n giao thng nng thn trong nghin cuu ny l chi ph, cht
luong, thoi gian v su thoa mn khch hng (Pinto v Slevin, 1988; Baccarini,
1999; Cao Ho Thi, 2006).
2.3.2. Nhng yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l d n
Thnh cng cua du n giao thng nng thn tai Lm Dng trong nghin cuu ny s
tp trung vo 4 tiu ch l chi ph, cht luong, thoi gian v su thoa mn khch hng.
Thnh cng s xc dinh bng muc d thnh qua dat duoc cua 4 tiu ch trn.
Nhiu nghin cuu truoc dy cc tc gia d dua ra cc kt qua nghin cuu v cc yu
t tc dng dn su thnh bai cua du n trong nhiu linh vuc khc nhau. Trong kt
qua nghin cuu cua Avots (1969) d dua ra nhung nguyn nhn cua su tht bai cua
cc du n chnh l su lua chon nh quan l du n khng dng, su kt thc du n
ngoi mun v khng c su h tro cua nh quan l cp cao nht
Hughe (1986) tc gia d kt lun rng su tht bai cua du n tp trung chu yu vo su
sai lm cua h thng quan l, do vic thuc hin sai lm cc hoach dinh, cung nhu
vic thng tin bi gioi han v sai lch khi truyn dat muc tiu. Tuy nhin tc gia cung
cho rng vic nhn ra nhung sai lm ny khng dam bao cho su thnh cng cua
nhung du n trong tuong lai, m chi c th nng cao cch quan l du n hiu qua
hon.
Dvir, et al (1998) goi rng yu t anh huong dn su thnh cng cua du n khng
ph qut cho tt ca cc loai du n m su thnh cng cua cc loai du n khc nhau bi
anh huong boi cc tp hop cc yu t khc nhau. V vy, vic p dung nghin cuu
cho mt du n cu th l phuong n thch hop d tm kim cc yu t anh huong dn
su thnh cng cua du n.
9

Pinto v Slevin (1987) d khm ph ra muoi yu t anh huong dn kt qua cua du
n bao gm cc yu t v nhim vu du n, su h tro cua quan l cp cao, cng tc
lp k hoach/tin d du n, tu vn khch hng, cng tc tuyn dung, cng tc k
thut, su chp nhn cua khch hng, gim st v phan hi thng tin, su giao tip
truyn dat thng tin v kha nng ung ph cua nh quan l. Nghin cuu chi xc dinh
cc yu t anh huong quan trong m khng do luong muc d anh huong cua chng
ln thnh cng cua du n, nghin cuu cung khng xc dinh mi lin h, tuong tc
giua cc yu t voi nhau nhung cung d d nghi mt s tuong quan co ban giua cc
yu t ny. 10 yu t quan trong trn duoc m ta tm tt tai Bang 2.1.











Hnh 2.2 Muoi tiu ch anh huong dn su thnh cng cua du n.
Nguon: Pinto v Slevin (1987)

Kim sot v
phan hi
Xu l vn d
Thng tin
Tu vn
khch
hng
Nhim
vu du
n
H tro
cua cp
cao
K
hoach
du n
Nhn
luc
K
thut
Su chp
nhn cua
khch
hng
10

Bang 2.1 Muoi yu t anh huong dn su thnh cng cua du n.
Yu t M ta
1 Nhim vu du n Muc tiu v huong dn chung duoc xc dinh
ban du
2 Su h tro cua nh quan l
cp cao
Mong doi nh quan l cp cao cung cp ngun
luc cn thit v quyn luc cho vic thuc hin du
n thnh cng
3 K hoach du n Chi tit cc buoc thuc hin
4 Tu vn khch hng Giao tip, tu vn v tch cuc lng nghe cc bn
lin quan dn du n
5 Nhn luc Tuyn dung, lua chon v do tao nhn luc cn
thit cho cc nhm thuc hin du n
6 Cng tc k thut Kha nng sn c cua k thut v chuyn mn
cn thit d thuc hin du n
7 Su chp nhn cua khch
hng
Su thoa mn v hi lng cua khch hng v san
phm
8 Kim sot v phan hi Kip thoi cung cp thng tin v kim sot ton
din o tung giai doan thuc hin du n
9 Thng tin Cung cp mt h thng thng tin cn thit cho
moi thnh vin chu cht trong vic thuc hin du
n
10 Xu l vn d Kha nng xu l nhung rui ro v sai lch so voi
k hoach
Nguon: Pinto v Slevin (1987)
Belassi & Tukel (1996) d chia cc yu t anh huong dn su thnh cng hay tht
bai cua du n thnh cc linh vuc bao gm nhung yu t lin quan dn dc trung cua
du n, nhung yu t lin quan dn nh quan l du n v thnh vin nhm du n,
nhung yu t lin quan dn t chuc v nhung yu t lin quan dn mi truong bn
ngoi du n.
Bang 2.2 trnh by danh sch cc yu t anh huong dn su thnh cng cua du n tu
nhung nghin cuu truoc dy. Hu ht cc yu t ny bao gm yu t kim sot cua
nh quan l v t chuc thuc hin du n.
Theo Cao Ho Thi (2006) th nng luc nh quan l, nng luc cua cc thnh vin
tham gia du n, d n dinh cua mi truong bn ngoi cung tc dng dn thnh cng
cua du n.

11

Bang 2.2 Cc yu t anh huong thnh cng du n cua cc nghin cuu truoc dy.

Martin (1976)

Locke (1984)

Cleland and
King (1983)

Sayles and
Chandler
(1971)

Baker, Murphy
and Fisher
(1983)

Pinto and
Slevin (1989)

Morris and
Hough (1987)
Xc dinh muc
tiu
Cam kt thuc
hin du
Tm tt du n Nng luc cua
nh quan l
Muc tiu r
rng
H tro cua nh
quan l cp cao
Muc tiu cua
du n
Lua chon t
chuc cua du n
Kha nng phn
quyn
Hoat dng khi
nim
Ln k hoach Cam kt thuc
hin muc tiu
cua cc thnh
vin du n
Tu vn khch
hng
K thut quan
l di moi
Lua chon t
chuc cua du n
Cung cp
quyn han cho
nh qun l
H tro cua nh
quan l cp cao
thng kim
sot v trch
nhim
Nh quan l du
n trn cng
truong
Tuyn dung
nhn su
Chnh tri
H tro cua nh
quan l cp cao
Thit lp giao
tip v quy
trnh
H tro ti chnh Kim sot v
phan hi
Du ngun vn
d hon thnh
Cng tc k
thut
Tham gia cng
dng
T chuc v uy
quyn
Thit lp co
ch kim sot
(tin d )
Yu cu giao
nhn
Tip tuc tham
gia du n
Di du n du
nng luc
Su chp nhn
cua khch hng
D khn cp
Lua chon di
du n
Tin trnh cc
cuc hop
Co so cua t
chuc

D chnh xc
trong chi ph
uoc tnh ban
du
Kim sot v
phan hi
Vn d hop l
cua cc hop
dng ti chnh
B tr dy du
t nguyn

Nghin cuu thi

truong

Nhung kh
khn duoc ti
thiu khi bt
du
Thng tin Thuc hin cc
vn d
Cung cp co
ch kim sot
thng tin

K hoach du n

K thut lp k
hoach v kim
sot
Xu l vn d

Di hoi lp k
hoach v kim
sot

Diu hnh pht

trin v do tao

Nhim vu

Nng luc nh
lnh dao nhm
du n

Ngun nhn
luc v t chuc

Khng quan
liu
Quyn luc v
chnh tri

Su thu nhn

Mi truong

Knh thng tin
v giao tip

Tnh khn cp

Kim sot du
n

Nguon: Belassi & Tukel (1996)
12

2.3.3. Luc khao cc m hnh nghin cu
Belassi v Tukel (1996) d phn loai nhung yu t thnh cng thnh 4 nhm chnh
l Nhm yu t lin quan dn nh quan l du n v thnh vin tham gia quan l du
n, nhm yu t lin quan dn du n, nhm yu t lin quan dn t chuc v nhm
yu t lin quan dn mi truong bn ngoi. Vic xc dinh cc yu t chnh s gip
cho vic dnh gi du n tt hon. Cc yu t quan trong lin kt voi nhau v goi l h
thng phan hi s cho kt qua du n thnh cng hay tht bai. Mt tp h thng phan
hi bao gm su thoa mn khch hng, thnh qua quan l du n, ngn sch uoc tnh
so b v tnh trang c sn ti nguyn. H thng phan hi bi anh huong boi mt s
nhn t chnh tu 4 nhm nhn t th hin trong Hnh 2.3

.













Hnh 2.3 Nhn t anh huong dn thnh cng hay tht bai cua du n.
Nguon: Belassi v Tukel (1996)
Yu t lin quan mi
trung bn ngoi
- Mi truong chnh tri
- Mi truong kinh t
- Mi truong x hi
- Mi truong tu nhin
- Khch hng
- Di thu canh tranh
-Nhung nh thu phu

Yu t lin quan dn nng lc
nh quan l d n:
- Kha nng phn quyn
- Kha nng thoa thun.
- Kha nng phi hop
- Nhn thuc duoc trch nhim
v quyn han cua nh quan l
- Kha nng quyt dinh
- Su tn tuy
Thnh vin d n
- Kin thuc k thut
- K nng giao tip
- Dn xp rc ri
- Su tn tuy.

Yu t lin quan dn d n:
- Quy m v gi tri
- Tnh dc nht cc cng tc
- Mt d du n
- Vng doi du n
- Tnh khn cp

Yu t lin quan dn t chc
- Su h tro cua quan l cp cao
- Cu trc t chuc du n
- Lnh dao du n
Tu vn khch hng v su chp thun
Thnh qua quan l d n
- Hiu qua cua lp k hoach v tin d
- Hiu qua cua phi hop v thng tin
- Hiu qua cua k nng quan l
- Hiu quan diu khin v kim sot
- Hiu qua cua k thut cng ngh

Kha nng ti nguyn (con nguoi, ti
chnh, vt tu .)

Uoc tnh chi ph du n
Thnh cng
hay tht bi
Nhm nhn t H thng phan hi Nhm nhn t
13

Tu m hnh, ta c th thy cc nhm nhn t chnh c tuong quan voi nhau. Mt
yu t trong nhm c th anh huong dn cc nhm yu t khc, mt su kt hop
nhiu yu t khc nhau cua cc nhm khc nhau c th dn dn su tht bai cua du
n. Nghin cuu khng nhung mang lai cho nguoi quan l ci nhn tng th v cc
yu t anh huong dn su thnh cng cua du n m cn hiu duoc mi quan h ni
tai giua cc nhm yu t khc nhau. Tm lai, Belassi & Tukel (1996) nhn manh c
bn nhm anh huong dn su thnh cng cua du n v mi quan h tuong tc giua
chng hon l xc dinh cc yu t dc lp.
Belout v Gauvreau (2004) xy dung m hnh nghin cuu dua trn nghin cuu cua
Pinto v Prescott (1988), trong d mi quan h giua cc bin dc lp v su thnh
cng cua du n s bi anh huong boi vng doi cua du n, cu trc cua du n v linh
vuc cua du n. Vng doi cua du n bao gm cc giai doan khi nim, pht trin,
thuc hin v hon thnh. Cu trc du n bao gm cu trc du n, cu trc chuc
nng, cu trc ma trn cn bng, ma trn du n v nhm du n. M hnh duoc d
xut boi Belout v Gauvreau (2004) duoc th hin nhu Hnh 2.4.













Hnh 2.4 Nhn t anh huong dn thnh cng cua du n.
Nguon: Belout v Gauvreau (2004)
H tro cua
nh quan l

K hoach du n

Tu vn khch hng

Cng tc k thut

Su chp nhn cua

khch hng

Kim sot

Su thnh cng cua

du n
Vng doi du n

Thng tin

Giai quyt su c

Nhim vu du n

Linh vuc
du n

Cu trc
du n

14

Trong m hnh ngin cuu cua Belout v Gauvreau (2004), muoi nhn t cua Pinto
v Slevin (1987) duoc su dung nhu l cc bin dc lp d kim tra su tc dng cua
cc bin ny ln su thnh cng cua du n, dc bit l yu t nhn su. Belout v
Gauvreau cung d nghi su thnh cng cua du n c th duoc xem xt tu ba quan
dim l quan dim cua nh ti tro, quan dim cua nh quan l du n, quan dim cua
nh ti tro cung l nh quan l du n. Su thnh cng cua du n duoc dinh nghia l
muc d hi lng t nht mt trong ba quan dim trn.
Cao Ho Thi (2006) dua trn nghin cuu cua Belassi v Tukel (1996) d d xut m
hnh nghin cuu d xc dinh cc yu t anh huong dn thnh cng cua du n co so
ha tng tai Vit Nam, m hnh duoc trnh by tai Hnh 2.5. Kt qua nghin cuu chi
ra rng ba nhm yu t l nng luc nh quan l du n, nng luc cc thnh vin tham
gia du n v d n dinh cua m truong bn ngoi c nghia xc thuc dn thnh
cng cua du n.









Hnh 2.5 Cc nhm nhn t anh huong dn thnh qua cua du n.
Nguon: Cao Ho Thi (2006)


Thnh qua
cua du n
Su h tro cua t chuc
Nng luc thnh vin du n
Nng luc nh quan l
On dinh cua mi truong bn
ngoi
Dc trung cua du n
15

2.4. M hnh nghin cu d ngh| v cc gia thuyt
2.4.1. Nhng tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l d n GTNT
Cn cu vo cc nghin cuu d thuc hin, 4 tiu ch dng d dnh gi thnh qua quan
l du n giao thng nng thn tai Lm Dng trong nghin cuu ny l chi ph, cht
luong, thoi gian v su thoa mn khch hng (Pinto v Slevin, 1988; Baccarini,
1999; Cao Ho Thi, 2006).
2.4.2. Nhng yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l d n GTNT
Cc gia thuyt cua nghin cuu ny s lin quan dn nhung nhm yu t tc dng
dn thnh qua du n bao gm nhm yu t v n dinh mi truong bn ngoi du n,
nng luc nh quan l du n, nng luc thnh vin tham gia du n v dc trung du n.
Ring di voi cc du n GTNT tai Lm Dng, trong nghin cuu ny s dua thm
vo cc yu t duoc xem l tc dng dn thnh cng cua du n bao gm nhm yu
t v nng luc cc t chuc tham gia vo du n v su h tro cc t chuc bn ngoi du
n.
2.4.2.1. Yu t v mi trung bn ngoi d n
Theo nghin cuu cua Pinto v Slevin (1989) cho rng cc yu t v mi truong bn
ngoi bao gm diu kin tu nhin, mi truong chnh tri, mi truong x hi, mi
truong kinh t, mi truong cng ngh anh huong dn du n trong sut giai doan lp
k hoach cho vng doi du n. Cao Ho Thi (2006) th yu t php lut cung nm
trong nhm yu t mi truong bn ngoi tc dng dn thnh qua du n. Dua vo 05
yu t mi truong bn ngoi bao gm diu kin tu nhin, mi truong chnh tri, mi
truong x hi, mi truong kinh t, mi truong cng ngh v mi truong php lut,
gia thuyt cua m hnh nghin cuu l:
Gia thuyt H1: Nu mi truong bn ngoi du n cng n dinh th thnh qua quan
l du n GTNT s tt hon (Hnh 2.6).





Hnh 2.6 Yu t mi truong bn ngoi v thnh qua quan l du n.
Yu t mi trung bn ngoi
1- Tu nhin.
2- X hi
3- Cng ngh
4- Kinh t
5- Php lut

Thnh qua quan l du n

H1+
16

2.4.2.2. Yu t v nng lc nh quan l d n v thnh vin tham gia d n
C nhiu nghin cuu v quan l du n cho rng yu t nng luc nh quan l v
nng luc thnh vin c tc dng dn thnh qua cua du n. Pinto v Slevin (1989) chi
ra rng vic chon mt nh quan l cho du n, tiu ch quan trong nht l nng luc v
k thut v k nng quan l. Ho cung chi ra rng nng luc nh quan l tro nn cuc
ky quan trong trong giai doan lp k hoach v giai doan kt thc du n. Nng luc
thnh vin cung dng vi tr rt quan trong trong giai doan thuc hin du n. Dua
vo 05 yu t v nng luc nh quan l du n bao gm kha nng phn quyn, kha
nng thuong luong, kha nng phi hop, kha nng ra quyt dinh, kha nng nhn thuc
vai tr v nhim vu quan l v mi quan h voi cc co quan bn ngoi du n, gia
thuyt cua m hnh nghin cuu duoc pht biu nhu sau:
Gia thuyt H2: Nu nng luc nh quan l du n cng tt th thnh qua quan l du
n GTNT s tt hon. (Hnh 2.7).





Hnh 2.7 Nng luc cua nh quan l du n v thnh qua quan l du n.
Dua vo 06 yu t v nn tang k thut chuyn mn, k nng giao tip, kha nng
dn xp rc ri, kha nng cam kt, kha nng tu giai quyt vn d, kha nng lm
vic nhm, m hnh nghin cuu pht biu gia thuyt l:
Gia thuyt H3: Nu nng luc thnh vin tham gia du n cng tt th thnh
qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon. (Hnh 2.8).





Nng lc nh quan l d n
1- Phn quyn.
2- Thuong luong.
3- Phi hop.
4- Nhn thuc duoc vai tr v
nhim vu quan l.
5- Ra quyt dinh

Thnh qua quan l du n

H2+
17

Hnh 2.8 Nng luc cua nh quan l du n v thnh qua quan l du n.
2.4.2.3. Yu t v s h tr cua cc t chc lin quan bn ngoi d n
Cc chuyn gia lm vic lu nm trong cc du n giao thng tai Vit Nam cho rng
cc yu t lin quan dn cc t chuc bn ngoi anh huong dng k dn su thnh
cng cua cc du n giao thng, nhu cc co quan chnh quyn dia phuong h tro
cng tc dn b dt dai, giai phng mt bng thi cng cho cng trnh trong gip dy
nhanh tin d thi cng du n, cc don vi trong v ngoi ngnh cung h tro trong
cng tc giai quyt cc thu tuc lin quan khi trin khai thuc hin du n. Trn bo
Giao thng vn tai ngy 26/12/2009 d dnh gi nhiu du n giao thng vn tn tai
tnh trang chm tin d do vuong mc trong cng tc giai phng mt bng, nng luc
cc bn tham gia xy dung cn han ch v c nhiu tnh hung pht sinh chua luong
duoc trong cng tc quan l, trin khai du n. Dua vo 03 yu t lin quan dn su
h tro t chuc bn ngoi du n bao gm su h tro cua chnh quyn dia phuong noi
xy dung du n, su h tro cua cc don vi trong ngnh, su h tro cc bn ngoi
ngnh lin quan dn du n, m hnh nghin cuu pht biu gia thuyt nhu sau:
Gia thuyt H4: Su h tro cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n cng tt th thnh
qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon. (Hnh 2.9).




Hnh 2.9 Su h tro cua t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n
v thnh qua quan l du n.

Nng lc thnh vin tham

gia d n
1- Chuyn mn
2- Giao tip
3- Dn xp nhung rc ri
4- Cam kt
5- Giai quyt
6- Lm vic nhm

Thnh qua quan l du n

H3+
S h tr cua t chc lin
quan bn ngoi d n
1- Chnh quyn dia phuong.
2- Don vi trong ngnh.
3- Don vi ngoi ngnh

Thnh qua quan l du n

H4+
18

2.4.2.4. Yu t v nng lc cc t chc tham gia vo d n
Theo cc Nghi Dinh cua s 12/2009/ND-CP v quan l du tu xy dung cng trnh
v s 209/2004/ND-CP v quan l cht luong cng trnh, hin nay, cc du n giao
thng nng thn phn lon do nh nuoc quan l, theo lut dinh cc bn tham gia vo
du n thuong bao gm chu du tu, don vi tu vn thit k, don vi tu vn gim st v
nh thu xy lp.
Vai tr cua tu vn thit k v tu vn gim st c nghia sng cn, nhm dam bao
qu trnh xy dung duoc thuc hin dng tin d, dam bao cht luong cng trnh.
Cng vic ny di hoi mt t chuc voi di ngu chuyn gia k thut v quan l du
nng luc gip tu vn ton b qu trnh xy dung phi hop voi nh thu, thuc hin
kim tra, do thu nghim, kim sot cht luong v dam bao tin d cng trnh. Nh
thu xy lp dng vai tr ht suc quan trong trong vic thuc hin thi cng dp ung
yu cu v tin d cua du n. Dua vo 03 yu t lin quan dn nng luc cc bn
tham gia du n bao gm nng luc tu vn thit k, nng luc tu vn gim st v nng
luc nh thu xy lp, gia thuyt cua m hnh nghin cuu duoc pht biu nhu sau:
Gia thuyt H5: Nng luc cua cc t chuc tham gia vo du n cng tt th thnh qua
quan l du n GTNT s tt hon (Hnh 2.10).




Hnh 2.10 Nng luc cua cc t chuc tham gia du n v thnh qua quan l du n.
2.4.2.5. Yu t v d}c trung d n GTNT
Theo Belassi & Tukel (1996), lit k ra 06 nt dc trung cua du n tc dng truc
tip dn thnh qua QLDA, bao gm loai du n, gi tri, tnh dc nht cua du n,
mang luoi cng vic dy dc cua du n, vng doi v tnh cp thit cua du n. Theo
Tukel v Rom (1995) cho rng khoang thoi gian dnh cho nhung du n lon, du n
c nhiu hon 100 s cng vic trn mt cng tc, thuong bi vuot qu thoi han cho
php, s bi phat tin v duong nhin uy tn nh thu s bi giam st. Ho cung nhn ra
rng mt d du n cung c mi quan h voi s cng vic trong du n, thuong mt d
du n anh huong dn su phn b ngun luc v gio cng lao dng. Do rng buc v
ngun luc, nh quan l thuong bi p luc buc cng nhn lm thm gio d dp ung
tin d hoc buc phai tr hon cng vic do ngun luc bi gioi han v kt qua l du
n cung bi tr tin d. Ngoi ra, Cao Ho Thi (2006) cho rng d manh cua cc mi
quan h anh huong dn thnh qua cua du n chiu su anh huong boi nhung bin dc
Nng lc cua cc t chc
tham gia d n
1- Tu vn thit k.
2- Tu vn gim st.
3- Nh thu thi cng

Thnh qua quan l du n

H5+
19

trung cua du n bao gm muc tiu, quy m, gi tri, kim sot ti chnh trong du n,
quyn su dung ngn sch, tnh dc nht cua du n, mt d cua du n, tnh cp thit
cua du n, giai doan thuc hin du n, loai du n. Dng thoi, theo D n pht trin
GTNT trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng dnh gi vic quan l khai thc, duy tu, bao
dung duong huyn, duong x thiu su quan tm chi dao cua chnh quyn cc cp
v khng c kinh ph nn vic duy tu, bao dung duong huyn, duong x chua duoc
ch trong. V vy, da s cc tuyn duong GTNT ngy cng xung cp gy tro ngai
cho nguoi dn trong vic di lai, vn chuyn hng ha v dich vu vn tai. Dua vo 10
yu t lin quan dn dc trung du n GTNT bao gm muc tiu du n, quy m du n,
gi tri du n, kim sot ti chnh trong du n, quyn su dung ngn sch, tnh dc
nht cua du n, d kh cua du n, muc d quan trong cua du n, tnh cp thit cua
du n, bao dung sau du tu, m hnh nghin cuu pht biu gia thuyt nhu sau:
Gia thuyt H6: Dc trung du n duoi dang bin dinh luong s tc dng truc
tip dn thnh qua quan l du n GTNT.
Gia thuyt H7: D manh cua mi quan h giua cc yu t anh huong dn thnh
qua quan l du n GTNT chiu su anh huong boi nhung bin dc trung cua du n
duoi dang dinh tnh.
Cc gia thuyt d d xut o trn duoc tm tt o Bang 2.3
Bang 2.3 Tm tt cc gia thuyt.
Gia thuyt M ta
H1 Nu mi truong bn ngoi du n cng n dinh th thnh qua
quan l du n GTNT s tt hon.
H2 Nu nng luc nh quan l du n cng tt th thnh qua quan
l du n GTNT s tt hon
H3 Nu nng luc thnh vin tham gia du n cng tt th thnh
qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon
H4 Su h tro cc t chuc bn ngoi du n cng tt th thnh qua
quan l du n GTNT s tt hon
H5 Nng luc cua cc t chuc tham gia vo du n cng tt th thnh
qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon
H6 Dc trung du n duoi dang bin dinh luong s tc dng truc
tip dn thnh qua quan l du n GTNT.
H7 D manh cua mi quan h giua cc yu t anh huong dn thnh
qua cua QLDA GTNT chiu su anh huong boi nhung bin dc tnh
cua du n
20

2.4.3. M hnh nghin cu d ngh|
Dua trn 7 gia thuyt voi 7 nhm yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n
GTNT, m hnh nghin cuu tai Hnh 2.11 duoc d xut voi 7 gia thuyt tu H1 dn
H7. Trong d nhm giai thit tu H1 dn H6 l bin dinh luong dc lp tc dng truc
tip dn bin phu thuc thnh qua quan l du n. Nhm yu t cua giai thit H7 l
bin dinh tnh s tc dng truc tip ln mi quan h giua cc yu t anh huong dn
thnh qua quan l du n v thnh qua quan l du n GTNT.

Hnh 2.11 M hnh nghin cuu d nghi.

Mi truong bn ngoi
du n
Nng luc nh quan l
du n
Nng luc thnh vin
tham gia du n
Su h tro cua t chuc
bn ngoi du n

Nng luc cua cc t

chuc tham gia
du n

Thnh qua quan l

d n GTNT

Dc trung cua du n
(dinh tnh)

Dc trung cua du n
(dinh luong)
H1+
H2+
H3+
H4+
H5+
H7
H6
21

2.5. Tm tt
Chuong 2 vua trnh by luoc khao cc m hnh nghin cuu truoc dy v tng quan
v co so l thuyt lin quan dn nhung tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n,
nhung yu t anh huong dn thnh qua cua du n cung nhu mi quan h cua nhung
yu t anh huong ny voi tiu ch thnh cng cua du n.
Vn dung m hnh nghin cuu cua Cao Ho Thi (2006), nghin cuu d nghi tiu ch
dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n dua trn chi ph, thoi gian, cht luong v su thoa
mn cua khch hng. Thnh qua quan l du n bi anh huong boi 2 nhm yu t l
nhm yu t anh huong truc tip gm mi truong bn ngoi du n, nng luc nh
quan l du n, nng luc cua cc thnh vin tham gia du n, su h tro cua t chuc
bn ngoi du n, nng luc cua t chuc tham gia du n v dc trung cua du n duoi
dang bin dinh luong; nhm yu t anh huong gin tip l dc trung duoi dang bin
dinh tnh cua du n. M hnh ny 7 gia thuyt duoc d xut.
Chuong tip theo s trnh by phuong php nghin cuu duoc thuc hin d xy dung,
dnh gi cc thang do v kim dinh su ph hop cua m hnh.













22

CHUONG 3
PHUONG PHP NGHIN CUU
Chuong 3 s gioi thiu phuong php nghin cuu duoc thuc hin d xy dung, dnh
gi cc thang do cc khi nim nghin cuu v kim dinh su ph hop cua m hnh l
thuyt cng cc giai thuyt d nghi.
3.1. Thit k nghin cu
Nghin cuu ny duoc tin hnh qua hai buoc l nghin cuu so b v nghin cuu
chnh thuc. Quy trnh nghin cuu duoc thuc hin nhu Hnh 3.1















Hnh 3.1 Quy trnh nghin cuu.
Co so l thuyt v kt qua
cc nghin cuu lin quan
Thang do 1
Thao lun tay di
Phong vn thu
Thang do 2
Hiu chinh
Ban cu hoi
Phong vn qua thu
Nghin cu chnh thc
Dnh gi thang do:
- D tin cy
- D gi tri
Hiu chinh m hnh
Kim dinh m hnh
l thuyt
Kt lun
v kin nghi
Kim tra h s Cronbachs alpha (>0.6)
Loai bin c tuong quan bin - tng nho (<0.3)
Phn tch nhn t khm ph
Phn tch tuong quan
Phn tch hi quy da bin
Kim dinh gia thuyt thng k
Nghin cu so b
23

3.1.1. Nghin cu so b
Nghin cuu so b nhm diu chinh v b sung thang do cc bin. Dua trn cc
nghin cuu cua Belassi v Tukel (1996) v Cao Ho Thi (2006), nh nghin cuu s
tin hnh thao lun truc tip voi 10 di tuong cn thu thp thng tin d diu chinh
v b sung cc bin trong thang do cho ph hop voi cc diu kin thuc hin cc du
n GTNT tai Lm Dng. Di tuong nghin cuu duoc phong vn bng hnh thuc
thao lun tay di theo ni dung chun bi truoc theo cc thang do c sn.
Di tuong nghin cuu l cc du n GTNT trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng v cc du
liu cua cc du n duoc thu thp, d diu chinh v b sung cc bin trong thang do
cho ph hop voi cc diu kin thuc t tai Lm Dng, thng qua phong vn cc nh
quan l du n c trn 5 nm kinh nghim v tung tham gia quan l cc du n GTNT
trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng trong 10 nm gn dy. Thng tin cn thu thp l cc
tiu ch dnh gi dn su thnh qua cua du n v cc yu t anh huong dn thnh qua
quan l du n.
Tu kt qua nghin cuu so b, nh nghin cuu s thit k ban cu hoi dng d nghin
cuu dinh luong. O giai doan ny, ban cu hoi s duoc tham khao kin cua mt s
chuyn gia nhm dnh gi ban cu hoi. Trong d, 10 di tuong s duoc phong vn
truc tip.
Sau d, ban cu hoi s duoc trin khai thu thp s liu thu voi khoang 30 truong
hop nhm kim tra v tu ngu, nghia, chiu di, hnh thuc trnh by v cc huong
tra loi chua luong truoc. Sau khi diu chinh o ln thu ny, ban cu hoi s hon
chinh d sn sng cho giai doan nghin cuu chnh thuc.
3.1.2. Nghin cu chnh thc
Dy l giai doan nghin cuu dinh luong duoc thuc hin thng qua k thut phong
vn bng ban cu hoi chi tit.
3.1.2.1. Loi d n v di tung nghin cu
Loai du n nghin cuu l cc du n duong giao thng nng thn trn dia bn cc
huyn, thi x, thnh ph thuc tinh Lm Dng d v dang thuc hin trong giai doan
tu nm 2005 dn nay.
Di tuong nghin cuu l cc du n GTNT trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng thuc hin
trong giai doan tu nm 2005 dn nay. Cc du liu lin quan dn cc du n, d phuc
vu cho vic phn tch trong nghin cuu ny, duoc thu thp thng qua phong vn
bng ban cu hoi cc nh quan l du n c trn 1 nm kinh nghim v tung tham gia
quan l cc du n GTNT trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng.
24

3.1.2.2. Mu
Theo mt s ti liu tham khao, hin nay c ba phuong php chon c mu duoc
quan tm nhiu nht. Theo Hoelter (1983) th c mu toi han l 200. Bollen (1989),
cho rng kch thuoc mu ti thiu phai l 05 mu cho mt tham s cn uoc luong
(ti l 5:1). Theo Luck D.J, Rubin R.S, Phan Vn Thng (2002), c th xc dinh c
mu theo cng thuc:
2
2
) (
e
ZxS
n =
Trong d:
S l d lch chun cua mu, dc trung cho d phn tn cua mu. Gi tri duoc uoc
tnh tu kt qua nghin cuu th dim hoc cc nghin cuu truoc d.
e l sai s cho php phu thuc vo d nhay cam cua kt qua quyt dinh. Gi tri e
duoc chon phai nm trong dung sai cua muc dch ra quyt dinh.
Gi tri Z trong phn phi chun duoc xc dinh theo h s tin cy u mong mun.
Tuy nhin xt trn nhiu yu t, nghin cuu ny chon kch thuoc mu ti thiu theo
tiu chun ty l 4:1. M hnh nghin cuu du kin c 32 bin v vy kch thuoc mu
ti thiu l 32 x 4 = 128. D c c mu cn thit, tc gia chun bi 200 ban cu hoi
d duoc chun bi gui dn nguoi duoc phong vn.
Phuong php ly mu phi xc sut duoc chon lua d thu thp du liu nghia l nh
nghin cuu s lua chon di tuong c th tip cn d thu thp du liu.
3.1.2.3. Thang do v cc bin
Trong d ti nghin cuu c su dung mt s bin dinh tnh d m ta nghin cuu mt
s bin thuc nhm yu t dc trung cua du n duoc do bng thang do chi danh v
thang do thu bc.
Cc bin phu thuc l cc tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n bao gm chi
ph, thoi gian, cht luong v su thao mn cua khch hng, thang do Likert 17 duoc
su dung d do luong cam nhn cua cua di tuong duoc khao st v thnh qua du n
dat duoc.
Cc bin dc lp l cc bin thuc 6 nhm yu t l mi truong bn ngoi du n,
nng luc nh quan l du n, nng luc cua cc thnh vin tham gia du n, su h tro
cua t chuc bn ngoi du n, nng luc cua t chuc tham gia du n v dc trung cua
duong du n (bin dinh luong), thang do Likert 17 duoc su dung d do luong cam
25

nhn cua cua di tuong duoc khao st di voi cc tiu ch anh huong dn thnh qua
quan l du n.
3.1.2.4. Ban cu hoi
Du liu cua tung du n giao thng nng thn trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng s duoc
thu thp tu nguoi phong vn thng qua ban cu hoi, mi ban cu hoi duoc dnh cho
mt du n duy nht.
Ban cu hoi duoc chia thnh 4 phn bao gm phn 1 hoi v thng tin chung cua du
n; phn 2 hoi v tiu ch thnh qua cua du n; phn 3 hoi v muc d anh huong cua
cc yu t tc dng dn thnh qua cua du n; phn 4 hoi v thng tin c nhn cua
nguoi duoc phong vn (phn ny nguoi phng vn c th khng tra loi nu thy
khng cn thit). Ni dung ban cu hoi duoc th hin cu th o Phu luc A.
3.2. Phn tch d liu
Phn ny gioi thiu cc phuong php phn tch du liu duoc su dung trong nghin
cuu ny, d l phuong php phn tch nhn t v phuong php hi quy da bin.
3.2.1. Phuong php phn tch nhn t
Phn tch nhn t l mt nhm cc thu tuc duoc su dung d thu nho v tm tt cc
bin du liu duoi dang mt s t cc nhn t co ban, l mt k thut phu thuc ln
nhau m trong d ton b cc mi lin h phu thuc ln nhau du duoc nghin cuu.
Phn tch nhn t nhm nhn din nhn t giai thch duoc cc lin h tuong quan
trong mt tp hop bin hoc nhn din mt tp hop bin moi tuong di c t tuong
quan hoc khng c tuong quan voi nhau d thay th tp hop bin gc c tuong
quan voi nhau d thuc hin phn tch da bin tip theo hoc d nhn ra mt tp hop
gm mt s t bin ni tri tu mt tp nhiu bin d su dung trong phn tch da bin
k tip.
Cch thuc hin phn tch nhn t l chng ta c th chon trong s nhn t sao cho
nhn t thu nht giai thch duoc phn lon bin thin nhiu nht trong ton b bin
thin. Sau d ta chon mt tp hop cc trong s thu hai sao cho nhn t thu hai giai
thach duoc phn lon cc bin thin cn lai v khng tuong quan voi nhn t thu
nht. Nguyn tc ny duoc lp lai cho dn khi cc nhn t giai thch duoc ht cho
tt ca cc bin trong tp gc hoc giai thch ht cho mt s bin ni tri trong tp
gc (Ngun Hong Trong, Chu Nguyn Mng Ngoc, 2008).
26

3.2.1.1. Mt s tham s quan trng trong phn tch nhn t
Bartletts test of sphericity l dai luong thng k dng d xem xt gia thuyt cc
bin khng c tuong quan trong tng th.
Correlation matrix cho bit h s tuong quan giua cc cp bin trong phn tch
Communnality l luong bin thin m bin gc chia se voi tt ca cc bin khc dua
vo phn tch.
Component analysis l mt m hnh nhn t trong d nhn t duoc sp dt nho vo
phuong sai tng th.
Eigenvalue dai din cho phn bin thin duoc giai thch boi mi nhn t.
Factor l mt nhn t duoc t hop tu cc bin gc. Nhn t cung th hin/ m ta thu
nguyn co ban c th khi qut duoc mt tp hop cc bin quan st.
Factor loadings l nhung h s tuong quan don giua cc bin v cc nhn t.
Factor matrix chua cc factor loadings cua tt ca cc bin di voi cc nhn t duoc
rt ra.
Factor scores l cc dim s nhn t tng hop duoc uoc luong cho tung quan st
trn cc nhn t duoc rt ra.
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy l mt chi s dng d
xem xt su thch hop cua cc phn tch nhn t. Tri s KMO lon (tu 0.5 dn 1) c
nghia phn tch nhn t thch hop.
Percentage of variance l phn trm phuong sai ton b duoc giai thch boi tung
nhn t.
Residuals l cc chnh lch giua cc h s tuong quan trong ma trn tuong quan du
vo v cc h s tuong quan sau khi phn tch duoc uoc luong tu ma trn nhn t.
3.2.1.2. Mc dch cua phn tch nhn t
Phn tch nhn t duoc tin hnh nhm cc muc dch sau:
- Tm ra mt nhm nhn t tim n duoi nhiu bin. Voi muc dch ny nguoi ta
dng phn tch nhn t kiu R (R factor analysis).
27

- Kt hop s luong mu lon ban du thnh mt tp hop mu nho hon. Voi muc
dch ny nguoi ta dng phn tch nhn t kiu Q (Q factor analysis).
- Chon ra cc bin ph hop cho cc phn tch tip theo nhu phn tch hi quy.
- Tao ra mt tp hop cc bin moi thay th mt phn hay ton b cc bin cu d
tham gia vo phn tch tip theo nhu phn tch hi quy hay phn tch ma trn tuong
quan.
3.2.1.3. Phn tch ma trn tuong quan
D c co so phn tch nhn t, truoc tin chng ta tnh ton v phn tch ma trn
tuong quan, c hai hoai ma trn tuong quan:
Ma trn tuong quan giua cc bin dng cho phn tch nhn t kiu R. Dy l kiu
phn tch nhn t thng dung nht. Trong nghin cuu ny, nh nghin cuu dng
phn tch nhn t kiu R. Phn tch nhn t kiu R l loai phn tch voi muc dch rt
gon tu nhiu bin thnh mt s t bin dai din no d.
Ma trn tuong quan giua cc mu dng cho phn tch nhn t kiu Q. Phn tch
nhn t kiu Q l loai phn tch m muc dch l rt gon s mu tm v mu c cng
tnh cht gom lai thnh mt nhm mu duoc th hin bng mu dai din. Phn tch
nhn t kiu Q khng duoc p dung rng ri do nhung kh khn trong tin hoc ha
cua phuong php ny. Thay cho phn tch nhn t kiu Q, nguoi ta thuong dng
phn tch nhm (Cluster analysis).
3.2.1.4. M hnh nhn t
V mt tnh ton, phn tch nhn t hoi ging voi phn tch hi quy bi o ch mi
bin duoc biu din nhu mt kt hop tuyn tnh cua cc nhn t co ban. Nhung v
mt nghia th khc nhau, trong phn tch nhn t th nhn t duoc rt trch khng
c nghia l kt qua v cc nhn t co ban cung khng c nghia l nguyn nhn.
Luong bin thin cua mt bin duoc m ta bng mt s t cc nhn t chung cng
voi mt nhn t dc trung cho mi bin.
3.2.1.5. Cch rt trch nhn t
Ngoi vic lua chon m hnh nhn t, nh nghin cuu cn phai chon lua cch rt
trch nhn t giua rt trch nhn t truc giao v rt trch nhn t xin gc. Theo cch
rt trch nhn t truc giao th cc nhn t duoc rt trch sao cho cc nhn t ny dc
lp voi cc nhn t khc, tuong quan giua cc nhn t trong truong hop ny l 0.
Muc dch rt trch nhn t truc giao su dung trong truong hop muc dch phn tch
nhn t l giam s luong bin quan st xung thnh mt nhm nhn t khng tuong
28

quan voi nhau nhm phuc vu cho cho phn tch hi quy hay cc k thut phn tch
khc. Rt trch nhn t xin gc th phuc tap hon truc giao rt nhiu. Theo cch ny
cc nhn t duoc rt trch vn tuong quan voi nhau. Rt trch nhn t xin gc duoc
su dung trong truong hop muc dch phn tch nhn t c quan tm dn nghia cc
nhn t duoc rt trch.
Vn d dt ra l bao nhiu nhn t duoc lua chon d rt trch?
Quy trnh tch nhn t bt du bng vic v nn duong hi quy cho cc bin c mi
tuong quan cht ch nht (trong hng loat bin ta dua vo m hnh). Sau khi duong
hi quy 1 (nhn t 1) d duoc xc dinh, duong hi quy k tip duoc thi hnh dua
trn nhung bin s cn lai (l s bin m duong hi quy ban du khng pht hin
mi tuong quan). Cc nhn t duoc xc dinh cng v sau cng c phuong sai nho
hon. V vy s luong nhn t cng nhiu th cc nhn t sau cng c phuong sai nho
hon. Nu phuong sai cua cc bin s bng 1 th m hnh phn tch nhn t s cho ra
s luong nhn t bng voi s luong bin s.
3.2.1.6. Xoay cc nhn t
Mt phn quan trong trong phn tch nhn t l ma trn nhn t (Component
Matrix). Ma trn nhn t chua cc h s biu din cc bin chun ha bng nhn t
(mi bin l mt da thuc cua cc nhn t bin). Nhung h s ny (factor loading)
biu din tuong quan giua cc nhn t v cc bin. H s lon cho bit nhn t v
bin c lin h cht ch voi nhau. Cc h s ny dng d giai thch cc nhn t. Mc
d ma trn nhn t ban du hay ma trn khng xoay cho thy duoc mi quan h
giua cc nhn t v tung bin mt nhung khi n t tao ra nhung nhn t c th giai
thch duoc mt cch d dng boi cc nhn t tuong quan voi nhiu bin. V th
xoay nhn t duoc thuc hin nhm muc dch d ma trn nhn t s tro nn don gian
hon v d giai thch hon.(Ngun Hong Trong, Chu Nguyn Mng Ngoc, 2008). C
nhiu phuong php xoay nhn t:
- Cc phuong php xoay quanh gc toa d (orthogonal rotation):
Varimax: thng dung nht. L cch xoay d ti da ho phuong sai cua bnh
phuong trong s cua nhn t di voi tt ca cc bin s trong ma trn yu t. Diu
ny gip tch cc bin s ban du bng cc nhn t duoc tm thy.
Quartimax: Cch xoay quanh gc toa d nhm lm ti thiu ha cc nhn t
cn thit d giai thch mi bin s.
Equimax: Kt hop giua Varimax v Quartimax.
- Cc phuong php xoay khng quanh gc toa d:
Oblimin: phuong php xoay cho php cc nhn t c mi tuong quan cao.
29

Promax: phuong php xoay khng quanh gc toa d, p dung khi phai di ph
voi quy m mu lon.
3.2.1.7. Cc phuong php d xc d|nh s lung nhn t duc rt trch
D tm tt thng tin chua dung trong cc bin gc, chng ta cn rt ra mt s luong
cc nhn t t hon s bin ban du bng mt s phuong php nhu sau:
- Eigenvalue: dy l mt tiu ch don gian v ph bin nht d dnh gi s luong
nhn t duoc rt trch. Chi c nhung nhn t c Eigenvalue lon hon 1 moi duoc giu
lai trong m hnh phn tch, nhn t c Eigenvalue nho hon 1 duoc xem l khng c
nghia v khng dng quan tm v khi d s nhn t tm duoc bng voi s bin ban
du.
- Tiu ch m hnh nghin cuu: di khi tu kinh nghim hay su hiu bit cua mnh
hoc tu phn tch l thuyt hay tu cc nghin cuu truoc dy, nh nghin cuu d bit
truoc l c bao nhiu nhn t cn rt trch. Nh nghin cuu s diu chinh m hnh
phn tch nhn t v thuc hin phn tch nhn t dn khi s luong nhn t duoc rt
trch nhu mong mun.
- Tiu ch tv l giai thch duoc cc phuong sai: trong khoa hoc chnh xc, phn t
nhn t ngung lai khi cc nhn t giai thch duoc 95% phuong sai. Tuy nhin trong
khoa hoc x hi voi muc d chnh xc hon phn trm thoa mn voi vic cc nhn t
giai thch duoc 60% phuong sai.
- Ngoi ra, cung cn mt s tiu ch khc nhu dua vo biu d d dc (Scree Plot)
hay chia di mu, kim dinh muc nghia.
3.2.1.8. Tiu ch dnh gi nghia cua factor loadings
Cc factor loadings (h s truyn tai nhn t) l cc h s tuong quan giua cc bin
v cc nhn t duoc rt trch.
Mc d cc factor loadings tu 0.3 dn 0.4 l gi tri ti thiu c th chp nhn
duoc nhung cc factor loadings lon hon 0.5 moi l gi tri duoc xem l c nghia
thuc t. Gi tri tuyt di cua factor loadings cng lon th nghia cua factor loadings
trong giai thch ma trn nhn t cng cao.
(Ngun: Multivariate Data Analysis Seventh edition, 2009).
30

3.2.2. Phuong php phn tch hi quy da bin
3.2.2.1. Khi nim phuong php phn tch hi quy da bin
Khi mt bin (bin Y) c mi quan h tuong quan tuyn tnh cht ch voi cc bin
cn lai (cc bin X
i
), dng thoi gia dinh rng c mi lin h nhn qua tim n giua
bin Y v cc bin X
i
th ta c th m hnh ho mi quan h nhn qua cua chng
bng m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh trong d bin Y goi l bin phu thuc, cc bin X
i

l bin dc lp. M hnh ny s m ta hnh thuc cua mi lin h v gip ta du don
duoc muc d cua bin phu thuc (voi muc d chnh xc trong pham vi gioi han) khi
bit truoc gi tri cua cc bin dc lp.
3.2.2.2. Mt s tham s thng k trong phn tch hi quy da bin
Coeffcient of determonation l h s xc dinh R
2
duoc do bng ty l cua phuong sai
cua bin phu thuc voi gi tri trung bnh cua n, duoc giai thch boi bin dc lp. Ta
c 0 _ R
2
_ 1. M hnh hi quy duoc du don cng t th R
2
cng cao v phuong
trnh hi quy c kha nng giai thch cng manh.
Adjusted coeffcient of determonation l h s xc dinh hiu chinh l mt tri s duoc
hiu chinh cua h s xc dinh R
2
c k dn s luong cc bin dc lp duoc dua vo
m hnh hi quy. Trong khi vic dua thm nhiu bin dc lp vo thuong lm tng
R
2
th h s xc dinh hiu chinh c th giam nu bin dc lp dua vo c kha nng
giai thch yu hoc khng c nghia thng k.
Beta coeffcient l h s hi quy chun ho th hin kha nng giai thch v bin phu
thuc cua cc bin dc lp.
Collinearity - cng tuyn l khi nim biu hin mi quan h giua hai hay nhiu
bin dc lp (da cng tuyn). Hai bin c th xem l cng tuyn hon ton khi h s
tuong quan cua chng l 1 v hon ton khng cng tuyn khi h s tuong quan cua
chng bng 0. Da cng tuyn xay ra khi mt bin dc lp don c tuong quan manh
voi mt tp bin dc lp khc.
Correlation coeffcient - h s tuong quan (r) th hin cuong d lin kt giua cc
bin phu thuc v cc bin dc lp. Du cua h s (+/-) cho bit su dng bin hoc
nghich bin cua mi quan h v -1 _ r_ 1.
Intercept tung d gc l gi tri noi duong thng cua phuong trnh hi quy ct truc
Y. Gi tri ny duoc m ta bng h s
0
trong phuong trnh hi quy. Xt v vai tr
giai thch cua m hnh, nu vic vng mt ton b bin dc lp th tung d gc dai
din cho gi tri bin phu thuc.
31

Regession coeffcient - h s hi quy l gi tri s hoc cua cc tham s uoc luong, lin
kt truc tip voi cc bin dc lp.
Variance inflation factor (VIF
i
) l chi s v anh huong cua cc bin dc lp khc
ln phuong sai cua h s hi quy. Gi tri VIF
i
lon c th chi ra muc d da cng
tuyn trong cc bin dc lp, nhu mt quy tc kinh nghim nu VIF
i
bng hoc vuot
qu 5 th xem nhu da cng giua bin X
i
voi cc bin dc lp kia. (Ngun Hong
Trong, Chu Nguyn Mng Ngoc, 2008).
3.3. Tm tt
Chuong 3 vua trnh by phuong php thuc hin d ti nghin cuu. Trong qu trnh
nghin cuu, nh nghin cuu tin hnh qua hai giai doan l nghin cuu so b, nghin
cuu chnh thuc.
Nghin cuu so b bng hnh thuc thao lun tay di theo mt ni dung duoc chun bi
truoc dua theo cc thang do c sn. Ni dung thao lun s duoc ghi nhn, tng hop
lm co so cho vic diu chinh v b sung cc bin trong thang do cho ph hop voi
cc diu kin thuc hin cc du n GTNT tai Lm Dng.
Nghin cuu chnh thuc duoc thu thp du liu thng qua ban cu hoi v du liu duoc
phn tch chnh thuc bng phn tch dnh gi d tin cy v gi tri cc thang do, phn
tch nhn t s duoc su dung d kim dinh d hi tu v d phn bit cua cc bin
thnh phn v khi nim d tin cy, phn tch hi quy da bin nhm dnh gi thang
do v kim dinh m hnh cng cc gia thit thng k. Tip theo thuc hin phn tch
phuong sai mt yu t (Analysis Of Variance) giua cc nhm di tuong khc nhau.
Chuong tip theo s trnh by chi tit phuong php phn tch du liu v kt qua
nghin cuu bao gm phn tch thng k m ta, phn tch tuong quan, dnh gi d tin
cy cua thang do bng h s Cronbachs alpha, dnh gi d gi tri cua thang do
bng phuong php phn tch nhn t khm ph, kim dinh cc gia thuyt v m
hnh nghin cuu bng phuong php phn tch hi quy da bin, cui cng l phn
tch phuong sai mt yu t giua cc nhm di tuong khc nhau.






32

CHUONG 4
KET QUA NGHIN CUU
Chuong ny s trnh by chi tit kt qua nghin cuu bao gm phn tch thng k m
ta, phn tch tuong quan, dnh gi d tin cy cua thang do bng h s Cronbachs
alpha, dnh gi d gi tri cua thang do bng phuong php phn tch nhn t khm
ph, kim dinh cc gia thuyt v m hnh nghin cuu bng phuong php phn tch
hi quy da bin.
4.1. Phn tch d liu
Phn ny gioi thiu cc phuong php d kim dinh d tin cy v tnh dng dn cua
php do v tm tt cc buoc phn tch du liu bng phn mm SPSS 16.0
4.1.1 Kim d|nh thang do
Trong nghin cuu ny cc bin dc lp v bin phu thuc duoc do bng thang do
dinh luong. Trong khi do dac s xut hin sai s, sai s ny gm hai phn l sai s
h thng v sai s ngu nhin. Thang do tt l thang do c sai s h thng v sai s
ngu nhin bng 0 v dc trung cho cc sai s ny l d gi tri, d tin cy.
4.1.1.1. D tin cy
D tin cy cua php do l dc trung cho muc d m php do trnh duoc sai s ngu
nhin. D tin cy th hin tnh chnh xc v muc d nht qun cua nhung ln do dc
lp, d dnh gi tnh n dinh cua thang do, h s tin cy Cronbachs alpha duoc su
dung nhiu nht. Cng thuc xc dinh Cronbachs alpha nhu sau:
2
2
1
) 1 (
t
i
S
S
n
n

Trong d
n : s ln do
S
i
2
: Phuong sai cua ln do thu i
S
t
2
: Phuong sai cua cua tng cc ln do
Ta c 0 < Cronbachs alpha < 1, Cronbachs Alpha cng lon th d tin cy cng cao
Trong nghin cuu khm ph Cronbachs Alpha _ 0.6 l chp nhn duoc (Nunnally,
1978).
Cronbachs Alpha =
33

4.1.1.2. D gi tr|
D gi tri cua php do l dc trung cho muc d m php do trnh duoc ca sai s h
thng v sai s ngu nhin. D gi tri lin quan dn cu hoi ta c dng ci m ta cn
do. D gi tri trong nghin cuu ny xt dn d gi tri ni dung v d gi tri khi
nim.
Do nghin cuu ny su dung cc thang do d duoc su dung trong nghin cuu cua cua
Belassi v Tukel (1996) v Cao Ho Thi (2006) nn dat d gi tri ni dung. Di voi
d gi tri khi nim cho bit tnh hop l v mt l thuyt cua php do, bao gm d
gi tri phn bit v d gi tri hi tu. D gi tri phn bit l cc php do cho hai khi
nim khc nhau th khng tuong quan voi nhau, d gi tri hi tu l cc php do khc
nhau cho cng mt khi nim th phai tuong quan cao v cng chiu voi nhau. Cng
cu d kim dinh d gi tri cua php do l phn tch nhn t khm ph voi phuong
php rt trch thnh phn chnh v php xoay nhn t varimax. Cc bin c h s
tuong quan don giua cc bin v nhn t chnh nho hon 0.5 s bi loai bo v khng
dat yu cu v d hi tu. cc bin c d chnh lch giua cc h s chuyn tai cua
cng mt bin o cc thnh phn khc nhau nho hon 0.3 bi loai v khng dat yu cu
v d gi tri phn bit.
4.1.2 Cc buc phn tch d liu vi SPSS 16.0
Su dung k thut xu l du liu bng phn mm SPSS 16.0, tin hnh phn tch du
liu thng qua cc buoc sau:
- Tm tt v trnh by du liu cc bin dinh tnh bng phn tch tn sut v
thng k m ta, cc bin dinh luong bng phn tch thng k m ta.
- Phn tch ma trn tuong quan d tm ra cc bin c tuong quan cht ch voi
nhau, nhm dua cc bin ny vo phn tch nhn t.
- Dnh gi d tin cy cua thang do bng h s Cronbachs Alpha v d gi tri
bng phn tch nhn t khm ph.
- Kim dinh m hnh nghin cuu v cc gia thuyt nghin cuu thng qua phn
tch hi quy.
- Cui cng, thuc hin phn tch ANOVA giua cc nhm di tuong khc nhau
v 4 bin phu thuc d dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n nhm tm ra su khc bit
c nghia cua mt vi nhm cu th.
34

4.2. Kt qua phn tch tn sut v thng k m ta cc bin d|nh tnh
D m ta thng tin chung v du n phn tch tn sut duoc su dung. Thng tin ny
bao gm loai du n, tng muc du tu, quy m cua du n, chu du tu cua du n,
ngun vn cp cho du n v giai doan thuc hin du n. Nhung thuc tnh ny cua du
n duoc trnh by trong cc bang tu Bang 4.1 dn Bang 4.6.
Bang 4.1 Loai du n
Tn
sut
Phn
trm
Phn trm
hop l
Phn trm
cng dn
Du n giao thng nng thn
131 89.1 89.1
89.1
Du n khc
16 10.9 10.9
100.0
Tng cng
147 100.0 100.0

Muc tiu cua nghin cuu l tp trung dnh gi cc du n giao thng nng thn nn
ty l cc du n xy dung giao thng thn nng chim ty l 89.1% (131 trong 147 du
n duoc khao st) cn lai 10.9% l cc du n xy dung khc nn dp ung duoc yu
cu ban du cua muc tiu nghin cuu. Kt qua chi tit duoc trnh by o Bang 4.1
Bang 4.2 Tng muc du tu
Tn
sut
Phn
trm
Phn trm
hop l
Phn trm
cng dn
t hon 1 ty
29 19.7 19.7 19.7
Tu 1 ty dng dn 7 ty dng
36 24.5 24.5 44.2
Tu 7 ty dng dn 15 ty dng
28 19.0 19.0 63.3
Tu 15 ty dng dn 50 ty dng
30 20.4 20.4 83.7
Trn 50 ty dng
24 16.3 16.3 100.0
Tng cng
147 100.0 100.0

Tng muc du tu cua du n xy dung giao thng nng thn c tng muc du tu
thp, trong 147 du n duoc khao st c dn 83.7% c tng muc du tu nho hon 50
ty dng diu ny l ph hop boi v cc du n giao thng nng thn thuong phuc vu
cho mt cng dng nht dinh hoc d phuc vu cho khu vuc san xut cua cng dng
nhung do dc dim o Lm Dng cc cng dng hoc khu vuc san xut thuong
khng lon nn du tu vua dp ung nhu cu l hop l. Kt qua chi tit duoc trnh by
o Bang 4.2.
35

Bang 4.3 trnh by s du n c quy m dn 150 s du cng vic c trong mt du n
chim dn 85% diu ny l ph hop tng muc du tu cua du n do d cc du n
giao thng nng thn thuong c quy m nho.
Bang 4.3 Quy m du n

Tn sut Phn trm
Phn trm
hop l
Phn trm
cng dn
t hon 50 s du vic/cng tc 65 44.2 44.2 44.2
50 dn 100 s du vic/cng tc 39 26.5 26.5 70.7
100 dn 150 s du vic/cng tc 21 14.3 14.3 85.0
150 dn 200 s du vic/cng tc 12 8.2 8.2 93.2
Lon hon 200 s du vic/cng tc 10 6.8 6.8 100.0
Tng cng 147 100.0 100.0
C dn 95.2%, chu du tu cua du n giao thng nng thn l nh nuoc, tu nhn chi
chim 4.8%. Diu ny l ph hop boi v cc du n giao thng nng thn duoc du
tu voi muc dch pht trin kinh t - x hi nn nh nuoc du tu, tu nhn chi du tu
voi muc dch chu yu l phuc vu cho cc du n du tu cua ho. Kt qua chi tit duoc
trnh by o Bang 4.4.
Bang 4.4 Chu du tu cua du n

Tn sut Phn trm
Phn trm
hop l
Phn trm
cng dn
Nh nuoc
140 95.2 95.2 95.2
Tu nhn
7 4.8 4.8 100.0
Tng cng
147 100.0 100.0
Nhu phn tch o phn chu du tu cua du n th cc du giao thng nng thn tai Lm
Dng l cc du n phi loi nhun duoc du tu c nghia pht trin kinh t - x hi
nn da s l do nh nuoc du tu bng cc ngun vn ngn sch, vn vay hoc cc
nhn dn gp vn voi nh nuoc cng lm voi ty l tu 10% dn 50%. Trong Bang
4.5 ta thy vn ngn sch nh nuoc chim dn 83%, nh nuoc v nhn dn cng lm
chim 7.5%, vn do tu nhn du tu chi chim 4.8%.

36

Bang 4.5 Ngun vn cp cho du n

Tn sut
Phn trm
Phn trm
hop l
Phn trm
cng dn
Ngn sch nh nuoc
122 83.0 83.0
83.0
Vn tu nhn
7 4.8 4.8
87.8
Vn nh nuoc v nhn dn
11 7.5 7.5
95.3
Vn vay nuoc ngoi
3 2.0 2.0
97.3
Ngun vn khc
4 2.7 2.7
100.0
Tng cng
147 100.0 100.0

Trong cc du n duoc khao st cc du n tp trung o cc giai doan khoi du chim
ty l 25.9%, thuc hin c ty l 33.3% v d kt thc chim ty l 32%. Kt qua chi
tit duoc trnh by o Bang 4.6.
Bang 4.6 Giai doan thuc hin du n

Tn sut Phn trm
Phn trm
hop l
Phn trm
cng dn
Giai doan khoi du
38 25.9 25.9
25.9
Giai doan thuc hin
49 33.3 33.3
59.2
Giai doan kt thc
13 8.8 8.8
68.0
D kt thc
47 32.0 32.0
100
Tng cng
147 100.0 100.0

4.3. Kt qua phn tch thng k m ta cc bin d|nh lung
Cc bin dinh luong bao gm 4 bin phu thuc l tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan
l du n giao thng nng thn v 32 bin dc lp l cc bin anh huong dn thnh
qua quan l du n giao thng nng thn. Kt qua chi tit duoc trnh by o Bang 4.7
dn Bang 4.9.
Tu Bang 4.7, ta thy cc nh quan l du n dnh gi kh lac quan v thnh qua cua
du n thng qua ca 4 tiu ch dnh gi du c gi tri trung bnh kh cao (gi tri trung
nho nht l o tiu ch thoi gian 5.014), dc bit l tiu ch cht luong cua du n duoc
dnh gi cao nht (gi tri trung bnh 5.585, gi tri nho nht l 3).
37

Bang 4.7 Kt qua thng k m ta cc bin phu thuc
Cc bin
C
mu
Gi tri
nho
nht
Gi tri
lon
nht
Trung
bnh
D lch
chun
Chi ph 147 2.00 7.00
5.313 1.302
Thoi gian 147 1.00 7.00
5.014 1.480
Cht luong 147 3.00 7.00
5.585 1.215
Dp ung yu cu cc bn lin quan 147 2.00 7.00
5.578 1.233
Bang 4.8 Kt qua thng k m ta cc bin dc lp
Cc bin
C
mu
Gi tri
nho
nht
Gi
tri lon
nht
Trung
bnh
D lch
chun
Mi truong tu nhin
147 1.00 7.00
5.143 1.513
Mi truong x hi
147 1.00 7.00
5.435 1.272
Mi truong cng ngh
147 1.00 7.00
5.231 1.345
Mi truong kinh t
147 1.00 7.00
5.367 1.309
Mi truong php lut
147 1.00 7.00
5.503 1.357
Kha nng phn quyn
147 2.00 7.00
5.286 1.329
Kha nng thuong luong
147 2.00 7.00
5.313 1.238
Kha nng phi hop
147 2.00 7.00
5.320 1.250
Kha nng nhn thuc
147 2.00 7.00
5.435 1.325
Kha nng ra quyt dinh
147 1.00 7.00
5.184 1.448
Kin thuc k thut chuyn mn
147 2.00 7.00
5.429 1.277
K nng giao tip voi moi nguoi
147 3.00 7.00
5.388 1.125
Kha nng dn xp cc mu thun
147 3.00 7.00
5.218 1.156
Kha nng cam kt
147 2.00 7.00
5.469 1.257
Kha nng tu giai quyt vn d
147 2.00 7.00
5.231 1.288
Kha nng lm vic theo tp th
147 1.00 7.00
5.306 1.432
Nng luc di ngu tu vn thit k
147 1.00 7.00
5.361 1.260
Nng luc tu vn gim st du n
147 2.00 7.00
5.401 1.203
Nng luc nh thu xy lp
147 1.00 7.00
5.272 1.264
Su h tro cua chnh quyn
147 2.00 7.00
5.497 1.184
Su h tro cua cc don vi trong ngnh
147 1.00 7.00
5.388 1.230
Su h tro cua cc don vi lin quan
147 1.00 7.00
5.048 1.500

38

Tu Bang 4.8, nhn chung gi tri trung bnh (mean) cua cc bin dc lp (tru bin dc
trung cua du n) c gi tri kh cao (mean = 5.143 5.503), diu ny chung to c su
thng nht trong dnh gi v muc d quan trong cua cc bin dc lp trn.
Bang 4.9 Kt qua thng k m ta cc bin dc trung cua du n dang dinh luong
Cc bin
C
mu
Gi tri
nho
nht
Gi tri
lon
nht
Trung
bnh
D lch
chun
Muc tiu cua du n r rng 147 2 7 5.850 1.362
Qui m cua du n lon 147 1 7 4.952 1.737
Gi tri du n lon 147 1 7 4.830 1.803
Kim sot ti chnh trong du n
rt cht ch
147 1 7 5.408 1.617
Nh quan l c ton quyn quyt
dinh ngn sch du n
147 1 7 5.082 1.823
Tnh dc nht cua du n 147 1 7 3.993 2.019
D kh cua du n 147 1 7 4.361 1.744
Du n c tm quan trong lon 147 1 7 4.803 1.975
Du n khn cp 147 1 7 3.966 2.055
Du n duoc duy tu bao dung
thuong xuyn
147 1 7 4.429 2.017
Tu Bang 4.8 gi tri trung bnh (mean) cua cc bin dc trung cua du n c su khc
bit kh cao (mean = 3.993 5.850), diu ny chung to c su dnh gi khc nhau v
muc d quan trong giua cc bin dc trung cua du n.
4.4. Phn tch tuong quan
D c co so thuc hin phn tch nhn t khm ph truoc tin ta phai phn tch tuong
quan, v vy phn ny s trnh by ma trn tuong quan giua cc bin phu thuc, su
tuong quan giua cc bin phu thuc v cc bin dc lp, cui cng su tuong quan
giua cc bin dc lp s duoc xem xt.
Kt qua duoc trnh by trong cc Bang 4.10 dn Bang 4.22.
39

4.4.1. S tuong quan gia cc bin ph thuc
Tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n giao thng nng thn bao gm chi ph,
cht luong v su dp ung nhu cu cc bn lin quan. Ma trn tuong quan cc bin
ny s duoc trnh by tai Bang 4.10, nhung bin ny c tuong quan manh voi nhau.
Tt ca cc h s tuong quan du lon hon 0.4 trong d tiu ch cht luong v tiu ch
dp ung yu cu cc bn lin quan tuong quan voi nhau manh nht (h s tuong
quan 0.842), do d 4 bin ny s duoc dua vo phn tch nhn t khm ph o phn
sau.
Bang 4.10 Su tuong quan giua cc yu t thnh qua quan l du n
Tuong quan

Tn bin Chi ph Thoi gian Cht luong
Dp ung yu cu
cc bn lin quan
Chi ph 1 .733
**
.758
**
.791
**

Thoi gian .733
**
1 .730
**
.724
**

Cht luong .758
**
.730
**
1 .842
**

Dp ung yu cu cc
bn lin quan
.791
**
.724
**
.842
**
1
Ghi ch:
**
c muc nghia 1%
4.4.2. S tuong quan gia cc bin ph thuc v cc bin dc lp
Su tuong quan giua cc bin dc lp voi cc bin phu thuc duoc trnh by tu
Bang 4.11 dn Bang 4.16.
Bang 4.11 Su tuong quan giua cc yu t mi truong bn ngoi v thnh qua quan
l du n.
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Chi ph Thoi gian Cht luong
Dp ung yu cu
cc bn lin quan
Mi truong tu nhin .436
**
.623
**
.543
**
.528
**

Mi truong x hi .566
**
.626
**
.720
**
.695
**

Mi truong cng ngh .584
**
.566
**
.658
**
.592
**

Mi truong kinh t .603
**
.552
**
.652
**
.636
**

Mi truong php lut .492
**
.474
**
.560
**
.562
**

Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
40

Bang 4.11 cho thy cc yu t mi truong bn ngoi du tuong quan manh voi cc
tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n o muc nghia 1%.
Tt ca cc bin dc lp v nng luc nh quan l du n v du tuong quan manh cc
tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n o muc nghia 1%. Kt qua chi tit duoc trnh by
o Bang 4.12.
Bang 4.12 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc nh quan l du n v thnh qua
quan l du n
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Chi ph
Thoi
gian
Cht
luong
Dp ung yu
cu cc bn
lin quan
Kha nng phn quyn .632
**
.663
**
.689
**
.655
**

Kha nng thuong luong .687
**
.611
**
.724
**
.671
**

Kha nng phi hop .637
**
.579
**
.737
**
.684
**

Kha nng nhn thuc vai tr v
nhim vu quan l
.627
**
.563
**
.709
**
.675
**

Kha nng ra quyt dinh .601
**
.555
**
.666
**
.600
**

Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
Bang 4.13 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n v
thnh qua quan l du n
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Chi ph
Thoi
gian
Cht
luong
Dp ung yu
cu cc bn
lin quan
Kin thuc k thut chuyn mn .615
**
.555
**
.716
**
.660
**

K nng giao tip voi moi nguoi .548
**
.564
**
.714
**
.647
**

Kha nng dn xp cc mu
thun
.455
**
.587
**
.630
**
.574
**

Kha nng cam kt hon thnh
nhim vu
.533
**
.575
**
.693
**
.668
**

Kha nng tu giai quyt vn d .496
**
.623
**
.701
**
.640
**

Kha nng lm vic theo tp th .514
**
.564
**
.688
**
.660
**

Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
41

Bang 4.13 d trnh by kt qua phn tch su tuong quan giua cc bin dc lp v
nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n v thnh qua quan l du n. Kt qua phn
tch cho thy tt ca cc bin du c tuong quan voi cc tiu ch thnh qua quan l du
n o muc nghia 1%.
Tt ca nhung bin thuc nhm yu t nng luc cc bn tham gia vo du n du
tuong quan manh voi cc tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n o muc nghia 1%. Kt
qua chi tit duoc trnh by o Bang 4.14.
Bang 4.14 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc cc bn tham gia du n v thnh
qua cua du n
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Chi ph
Thoi
gian
Cht
luong
Dp ung
yu cu cc
bn lin
quan
Nng luc di ngu tu vn thit k .707
**
.654
**
.684
**
.729
**

Nng luc tu vn gim st du n .662
**
.597
**
.681
**
.692
**

Nng luc nh thu xy lp .601
**
.719
**
.681
**
.690
**

Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
Bang 4.15 trnh by kt qua phn tch su tuong quan giua cc bin thuc nhm yu
t su h tro cua cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n du n v thnh qua quan l
du n. Kt qua phn tch cho thy tt ca cc bin du c tuong quan c nghia
thng k di voi cc tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n o muc nghia 1%.
Bang 4.15 Su tuong quan giua cc bin su h tro cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi
du n du n v thnh qua quan l du n
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Chi ph
Thoi
gian
Cht
luong
Dp ung yu
cu cc bn
lin quan
Su h tro cua chnh quyn .547
**
.520
**
.572
**
.525
**

Su h tro cua cc don vi trong ngnh .420
**
.475
**
.512
**
.461
**

Su h tro cua cc don vi lin quan .388
**
.462
**
.507
**
.452
**

Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
42

Bang 4.16 trnh by kt qua phn tch su tuong quan giua cc bin thuc nhm yu
t dc trung cua du n duoi dang dinh luong v thnh qua quan l du n. Kt qua
phn tch cho thy hu ht cc bin du tuong quan duong c nghia thng k di
voi cc tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n o muc nghia 1%, ngoai tru bin tnh dc
nht cua du n c h s tuong quan nho hon 0.4, diu ny cho ta thy cc du n giao
thng nng thn tai Lm Dng c tnh cht tuong tu nhau.
Bang 4.16 Su tuong quan giua cc bin dc trung cua du n dang dinh luong v
thnh qua quan l du n
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Chi ph
Thoi
gian
Cht
luong
Dp ung yu
cu cc bn
lin quan
Muc tiu cua du n r rng .583** .429** .649** .603**
Qui m cua du n lon .449** .450** .552** .544**
Gi tri du n lon .472** .396** .546** .510**
Kim sot ti chnh trong du
n rt cht ch .612** .479** .620** .613**
Nh quan l c ton quyn
quyt dinh ngn sch du n .445** .464** .544** .500**
Tnh dc nht cua d n .350** .296** .381** .362**
D kh cua du n .402** .415** .478** .444**
Du n c tm quan trong lon .522** .470** .536** .571**
Du n khn cp .367** .378** .491** .419**
Du n duoc duy tu bao dung
thuong xuyn .402** .386** .526** .481**
Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
Tm lai, phn ny d phn tch thng k m ta, phn tch su tuong quan giua cc
bin phu thuc v cc bin dc lp. Kt qua cho thy hu ht cc bin dc lp dua
vo nghin cuu du c tuong quan nghia thng k voi cc bin phu thuc l thnh
qua quan l du n, ph hop voi cc nghin cuu truoc dy, ngoai tru bin tnh dc
nht thuc nhm bin dc trung cua du n c tuong quan km voi bin thnh qua
quan l du n. Dy l co so d loai bin ny ra khoi m hnh truoc khi thuc hin cc
phn tch tip theo.
43

4.4.3. S tuong quan gia cc bin dc lp
Phn ny s s thch su tuong quan giua cc bin dc lp trong tung nhm bin. Kt
qua phn tch tuong quan s duoc trnh by trong Bang 4.17 dn Bang 4.22.
Nm yu t lin quan dn mi truong bn ngoi l mi truong tu nhin, mi truong
x hi, mi truong cng ngh, mi truong kinh t, mi truong php lut, su tuong
quan giua cc yu t mi truong bn ngoi duoc trnh by tai Bang 4.17. Nhung
bin ny du c su tuong quan manh, c nghia thng k o muc 1%. Su tuong
quan tuong di manh ny cho thy mi quan h cht ch giua cc bin nn dy l co
so d dua vo phn tch nhn t khm ph cho cc bin ny o phn sau.
Bang 4.17 Su tuong quan giua cc bin yu t mi truong bn ngoi
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Mi
truong tu
nhin
Mi
truong x
hi
Mi
truong
cng ngh
Mi
truong
kinh t
Mi
truong
php lut
Mi truong tu nhin 1
Mi truong x hi .690
**
1
Mi truong cng ngh .617
**
.702
**
1
Mi truong kinh t .620
**
.767
**
.749
**
1
Mi truong php lut .619
**
.618
**
.645
**
.682
**
1
Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
Bang 4.18 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc nh quan l du n
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Kha nng
phn
quyn
Kha nng
thuong
luong
Kha nng
phi hop
Kha nng
nhn thuc
vai tr v
nhim vu
quan l
Kha nng
ra quyt
dinh
Kha nng phn quyn 1
Kha nng thuong luong .853
**
1
Kha nng phi hop .761
**
.883
**
1
Kha nng nhn thuc vai
tr v nhim vu quan l .781
**
.840
**
.817
**
1
Kha nng ra quyt dinh .763
**
.801
**
.759
**
.808
**
1
Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
44

Bang 4.18 d trnh by phn tch mi tuong quan giua 5 bin thuc nhm nng luc
nh quan l du n gm kha nng phn quyn, kha nng phi hop, kha nng thuong
luong, kha nng nhn thuc vai tr v nhim vu cua nh quan l, kha nng ra quyt
dinh. Nhung bin ny du c su tuong quan manh (h s tuong quan nho nht l
0.761) c nghia thng k o muc 1%. Su tuong quan manh ny cho thy mi quan
h cht ch giua cc bin, v vy ta s tin hnh phn tch nhn t khm ph cho
nhm bin ny.
Bang 4.19 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Kin
thuc k
thut
chuyn
mn
K
nng
giao
tip
voi
moi
nguoi
Kha
nng
dn
xp cc
mu
thun
Kha
nng
cam
kt
hon
thnh
nhim
vu
Kha
nng tu
giai
quyt
vn d
Kha
nng
lm
vic
theo
tp th
Kin thuc k thut
chuyn mn 1
K nng giao tip voi
moi nguoi .827
**
1
Kha nng dn xp cc
mu thun .716
**
.825
**
1
Kha nng cam kt hon
thnh nhim vu .787
**
.791
**
.787
**
1
Kha nng tu giai quyt
vn d .764
**
.836
**
.744
**
.792
**
1
Kha nng lm vic theo
tp th .782
**
.810
**
.779
**
.803
**
.794
**
1
Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
Su bin trong nhm nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n gm kin thuc k thut
chuyn mn, k nng giao tip voi moi nguoi, kha nng dn xp cc mu thun, kha
nng cam kt hon thnh nhim vu, kha nng tu giai quyt vn d, kha nng lm
vic theo tp th duoc phn tch tuong quan. Kt qua phn tch tai Bang 4.19 cho
thy cc yu t thuc nhm nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n c su tuong
45

quan manh (h s tuong quan nho nht l 0.716), c nghia thng k o muc 1%, v
vy ta s tin hnh phn tch nhn t khm ph cho nhm bin ny.
Ma trn tuong quan cua ba bin thuc nhm yu t nng luc cc bn tham gia du n
duoc trnh by o Bang 4.20. Cc bin ny c mi quan h cht ch voi nhau (h s
tuong quan nho nht l 0.764) v chng s duoc dua vo d phn tch nhn t khm
ph.
Bang 4.20 Su tuong quan giua cc bin nng luc cc bn tham gia du n
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Nng luc di
ngu tu vn
thit k
Nng luc tu
vn gim
st du n
Nng luc
nh thu
xy lp
Nng luc di ngu tu vn thit k 1
Nng luc tu vn gim st du n .862
**
1
Nng luc nh thu xy lp .764
**
.788
**
1
Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
Ba bin thuc thuc nhm yu t su h tro cua cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du
n l su h tro cua chnh quyn dia phuong, su h tro cua cc don vi trong ngnh,
su h tro cua cc don vi lin quan. Ma trn tuong quan giua cc bin duoc trnh by
tai Bang 4.21. Tt ca cc bin ny du c h s tuong quan lon (h s tuong quan
nho nht l 0.754) c nghia thng k v chng s duoc dua vo phn tch nhn t
khm ph.
Bang 4.21 Su tuong quan giua cc bin su h tro cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi
du n.
Tuong quan
Tn bin Su h tro cua
chnh quyn
Su h tro
cua cc don
vi trong
ngnh
Su h tro
cua cc don
vi lin quan
Su h tro cua chnh quyn 1
Su h tro cua cc don vi trong
ngnh
.831
**
1
Su h tro cua cc don vi lin quan .754
**
.769
**
1
Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
46

Chn bin thuc thuc nhm yu t dc trung cua du n duoi dang dinh luong l
muc tiu du n, qui m du n, gi tri du n, kim sot ti chnh trong du n, quyn
su dung ngn sch, d kh cua du n, muc d quan trong cua du n, tnh cp thit
cua du n, bao dung sau du tu. Ma trn tuong quan giua cc bin duoc trnh by
tai Bang 4.22. Tt ca cc bin ny du c tuong quan manh c nghia thng k v
chng s duoc dua vo phn tch nhn t khm ph.

47

Bang 4.22 Su tuong quan giua cc bin dc trung du n duoi dang dinh luong.
Tuong quan
Tn bin
Muc tiu
cua du n
r rng
Qui m
cua du
n lon
Gi tri
du n
lon
Kim sot
ti chnh
trong du
n rt cht
ch
Nh quan
l c ton
quyn
quyt dinh
ngn sch
du n
D kh
cua du
n
Du n c
tm quan
trong lon
Du n
khn
cp
Du n duoc
duy tu bao
dung
thuong
xuyn
Muc tiu cua du n r rng
1.000
Qui m cua du n lon
.654
**
1.000
Gi tri du n lon
.648
**
.872
**
1.000
Kim sot ti chnh trong du
n rt cht ch
.818
**
.653
**
.675
**
1.000
Nh quan l c ton quyn
quyt dinh ngn sch du n
.642
**
.555
**
.527
**
.688
**
1.000
D kh cua du n
.597
**
.736
**
.771
**
.596
**
.547
**
1.000
Du n c tm quan trong lon
.687
**
.718
**
.664
**
.703
**
.646
**
.791
**
1.000
Du n khn cp
.563
**
.732
**
.673
**
.565
**
.505
**
.751
**
.758
**
1.000
Du n duoc duy tu bao
dung thuong xuyn
.632
**
.676
**
.662
**
.627
**
.680
**
.737
**
.689
**
.691
**
1.000
Ghi ch: ** c muc nghia 1%
48

4.4.4. Tm tt
Tm lai, kt qua phn tch tuong quan ph hop voi co so l thuyt. Hu ht cc yu
t du tuong quan c nghia voi cc tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n ngoai tru bin
tnh dc nht thuc nhm bin dc trung cua du n c tuong quan km voi bin
thnh qua quan l du n nn khng duoc dua vo d phn tch nhn t khm ph.
Phn tch su tuong quan giua cc bin dc lp v giua cc bin phu thuc cung
duoc dnh gi trong phn ny, ca 7 nhm bin gm 1 nhm bin phu thuc v 6
nhm bin dc lp du tuong quan c nghia voi nhau. Vic phn tch nhn t
khm ph d nhm cc bin c lin h voi nhau nhm giam s luong bin d dua
vo phn tch cc buoc tip theo v kim dinh d gi tri cua thang do s duoc thuc
hin ngay o phn sau dy.
4.5. Kim d|nh thang do
Thang do tt l thang do dat duoc ca d gi tri v d tin cy, d tin cy duoc kim
dinh thng qua h s tin cy Cronbachs alpha v d gi tri duoc kim dinh bng
phuong php phn tch nhn t khm ph.
4.5.1. Phn tch d tin cy
D tin cy dng d m ta muc d m php do trnh duoc sai s ngu nhin, tuy
nhin ta khng th tnh truc tip d tin cy cua php do nhung ta c th dnh gi d
tin cy dua vo h s Cronbachs Alpha. H s ny cho bit muc d tuong quan
giua cc bin trong bang cu hoi, duoc dng d tnh su thay di giua cc bin v
mi tuong quan giua tung bin. Thng qua h s Cronbachs Alpha v h s tuong
quan bin tng gip ta loai bo bot nhung bin khng dng gp hoc t dng gp vo
vic m ta nhn t cn do.
Nhn t thnh qua quan l du n duoc do c h s tin cy Cronbachs Alpha l
0.924, lon hon 0.6 nn dat yu cu (Nunnally, 1978). Cc h s tuong quan bin -
tng du lon hon 0.3 nn dat yu cu (Nunnally, 1978), h s tuong quan bin -
tng nho nht l 0.784 di voi bin thoi gian, do d cc bin ny s duoc dua vo
phn tch nhn t khm ph tip theo. Kt qua phn tch d tin cy cua thang do ny
duoc trnh by chi tit tai Bang 4.24.
Nhn t mi truong bn ngoi duoc do luong bng 5 bin quan st, c h s tin cy
Cronbachs Alpha cua thang do ny l 0.909, lon hon 0.6, cc h s tuong quan bin
- tng du lon hon 0.3 nn dat yu cu dua vo phn tch nhn t khm ph tip
49

theo. Kt qua phn tch d tin cy cua thang do ny duoc trnh by chi tit tai Bang
4.23.
Bang 4.23 Kt qua kim dinh thang do
Trung
bnh
thang do
nu loai
bin
Phuong
sai thang
do nu
loai bin
Tuong quan
bin - tng
Crobach's
alpha nu
loai bin
Thnh qua quan l d n, Crobach's alpha = 0.924
Chi ph 16.177 12.982 0.827 0.901
Thoi gian 16.476 12.155 0.784 0.921
Cht luong k thut 15.905 13.416 0.848 0.895
Dp ung yu cu cc bn lin
quan
15.912 13.218 0.86 0.891
Mi trung bn ngoi, Crobach's alpha = 0.909
Mi truong tu nhin 21.537 21.483 0.725 0.9
Mi truong x hi 21.245 22.57 0.806 0.881
Mi truong cng ngh 21.449 22.222 0.781 0.886
Mi truong kinh t 21.313 22.148 0.817 0.879
Mi truong php lut 21.177 22.64 0.732 0.896
Nng lc nh quan l d n, Crobach's alpha = 0.953
Kha nng phn quyn 21.252 23.847 0.849 0.945
Kha nng thuong luong 21.225 23.942 0.921 0.934
Kha nng phi hop 21.218 24.363 0.868 0.942
Kha nng nhn thuc vai tr v
nhim vu quan l
21.102 23.572 0.879 0.94
Kha nng ra quyt dinh 21.354 22.888 0.841 0.948
Nng lc cc thnh vin tham gia d n, Crobach's alpha = 0.956
Kin thuc k thut chuyn
mn 26.612 32.76 0.848 0.949
K nng giao tip 26.653 33.721 0.902 0.944
Kha nng dn xp cc mu
thun
26.823 34.105 0.84 0.95
Kha nng cam kt hon thnh
nhim vu
26.571 32.699 0.87 0.946
Kha nng tu giai quyt vn d 26.810 32.484 0.861 0.947
Kha nng lm vic theo tp
th
26.735 30.867 0.871 0.947
50

Nhn t nng luc nh quan l du n duoc do luong bng 5 bin quan st, c h s
tin cy Cronbachs Alpha cua thang do ny l 0.953, lon hon 0.6, cc h s tuong
quan bin - tng du lon hon 0.3 nn dat yu cu dua vo phn tch nhn t khm
ph tip theo. Kt qua phn tch d tin cy cua thang do ny duoc trnh by chi tit
tai Bang 4.23.
Nhn t nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n duoc do luong bng 6 bin quan
st, c h s tin cy Cronbachs Alpha cua thang do ny l 0.956, lon hon 0.6, cc
h s tuong quan bin - tng du lon hon 0.3 dat yu cu dua vo phn tch nhn t
khm ph tip theo. Kt qua phn tch d tin cy cua thang do ny duoc trnh by
chi tit tai Bang 4.23.
Nhn t cc bn tham gia du n duoc do luong bng 3 bin quan st, c h s tin
cy Cronbachs Alpha cua thang do ny l 0.925, lon hon 0.6, cc h s tuong quan
bin - tng du lon hon 0.3 dat yu cu dua vo phn tch nhn t khm ph tip
theo. Kt qua phn tch d tin cy cua thang do ny duoc trnh by chi tit tai Bang
4.24.
Bang 4.24 Kt qua kim dinh thang do nng luc cc bn tham gia du n, cc t
chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n du n

Trung
bnh thang
do nu
loai bin
Phuong sai
thang do
nu loai
bin
Tuong quan
bin tng
Crobach's
alpha nu
loai bin
Nng lc cc bn tham gia d n, Crobach's alpha = 0.925
Nng luc di ngu tu vn thit
k du n
10.674 5.441 0.858 0.881
Nng luc tu vn gim st du
n 10.633 5.618 0.878 0.866
Nng luc nh thu xy lp 10.762 5.648 0.804 0.925
H tr cua cc t chc lin quan bn ngoi d n d n,
Crobach's alpha = 0.909
Su h tro cua chnh quyn 10.435 6.604 0.838 0.860
Su h tro cua cc don vi trong
ngnh
10.544 6.332 0.850 0.846
Su h tro cua cc don vi lin
quan bn ngoi du n du n
10.884 5.336 0.796 0.907
51

Nhn t su h tro cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n du n duoc do luong bng
3 bin quan st, c h s tin cy Cronbachs Alpha cua thang do ny l 0.909, lon
hon 0.6, cc h s tuong quan bin - tng du lon hon 0.3 nn dat yu cu dua vo
phn tch nhn t khm ph tip theo. Kt qua phn tch d tin cy cua thang do ny
d duoc trnh by chi tit tai Bang 4.24.
Nhn t dc trung cua du n duoc do luong bng 9 bin quan st, c h s tin cy
Cronbachs Alpha cua thang do ny l 0.946, lon hon 0.6, cc h s tuong quan bin
- tng du lon hon 0.3 nn dat yu cu dua vo phn tch nhn t khm ph tip
theo. Kt qua phn tch d tin cy cua thang do ny duoc trnh by chi tit tai Bang
4.25.
Bang 4.25 Kt qua kim dinh thang do dc trung cua du n
Trung
bnh
thang do
nu loai
bin
Phuong
sai thang
do nu loai
bin
Tuong quan
bin tng
Crobach's
alpha nu
loai bin
D}c trung cua d n, Crobach's alpha = 0.946
Muc tiu cua du n r rng
37.8299 156.252 .770 .942
Qui m cua du n lon
38.7279 146.213 .835 .937
Gi tri du n lon
38.8503 145.649 .814 .939
Kim sot ti chnh trong du
n rt cht ch
38.2721 150.761 .780 .941
Nh quan l c ton quyn
quyt dinh ngn sch du n
38.5986 149.872 .698 .945
D kh cua du n
39.3197 146.301 .829 .938
Du n c tm quan trong lon
38.8776 140.862 .844 .937
Du n khn cp
39.7143 141.932 .779 .941
Du n duoc duy tu bao dung
thuong xuyn
39.2517 141.751 .802 .939
4.5.2. Phn tch nhn t
H s KMO (Kaiser Meyer Olkin) l mt chi s dng d xem xt su thch hop
cua phn tch nhn t. Tri s KMO c gi tri tu 0.5 d 1.0 c nghia phn tch nhn
t l thch hop, cn nu tri s KMO nho hon 0.5 th phn tch nhn t c kha nng
khng thch hop voi cc du liu (Hong Trong v Chu Nguyn Mng Ngoc, 2008).
52

Thang do dat duoc d gi tri hi tu khi trong cng mt thnh phn trch, h s tuong
quan giua cc bin v cc thnh phn (loading factor) lon hon hoc bng 0.5. Thang
do dat d gi tri phn bit khi d chnh lch giua cc h s chuyn tai trong cng
mt bin o cc thnh phn khc nhau l lon hon hay bng 0.3 (Hair v Anderson,
1998). Chi thnh phn no c Eigenvalue lon hon 1 moi giu lai trong m hnh phn
tch, nhung thnh phn c Eigenvalue nho hon 1 s khng c tc dung tm tt thng
tin tt. Thang do duoc chp nhn khi tng phuong sai trch bng hoc lon hon 50%
(Gerbing v Anderson, 1988).
Trong nghin cuu ny dng phuong php phn tch thnh phn chnh (Principle
Component Analysis) d tao ra mt tp khng c mi quan h tuyn tuyn voi nhau,
nhm muc dch trnh truong hop da cng tuyn giua cc bin dc lp dinh luong
trong phn tch hi quy da bin.
Tip theo php xoay Varimax procedure s duoc p dung d xoay nguyn gc cc
thnh phn d ti thiu ho s luong bin c h s lon tai cng mt bin nhm gip
tng cuong kha nng giai thch cc thnh phn (Hong Trong v Chu Nguyn Mng
Ngoc, 2008).
4.5.2.1. Phn tch nhn t cho bin ph thuc
Phn tch nhn t khm ph theo tiu chun Eigenvalue lon hon 1 th c 1 thnh
phn duoc rt ra voi Eigenvalue bng 3.291 voi nhn t ny giai thch duoc 82.26%
bin thin cua du liu, h s KMO bng 0.844, lon hon 0.5 nn dat yu cu v d
ph hop. H s truyn tai du lon hon 0.5 nn dat yu cu v d gi tri hi tu, h s
truyn tai nho nht l 0.876 voi bin thoi gian.
V vy, ca bn bin du duoc giu lai cho cc phn tch tip theo. Kt qua phn tch
nhn t cua bin phu thuc duoc trnh by o cc Bang 4.26 v 4.27.
Bang 4.26 KMO v Bartletts Test cua bin phu thuc (thnh qua quan l du n)
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .844
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 468.928
Df 6
Sig. .000

53

Bang 4.27 Kt qua phn tch nhn t cho bin phu thuc (thnh qua quan l du n)
Nhn t
Bin quan st
Thnh qua quan l du n
Chi ph
.905
Thoi gian
.876
Cht luong k thut
.919
Dp ung yu cu cc bn lin quan
.927
Eigenvalue 3.291
Phuong sai trch (%) 82.264
Phuong sai trch tch lu (%) 82.264
4.5.2.2. Phn tch nhn t cho cc bin dc lp
T hop thang do trn sau khi loai bo cc bin o giai doan phn tch d tin cy qua h
s Cronbachs Alpha v h s tuong quan bin - tng cn lai 31 bin du du kin d
dua vo phn tch nhn t khm ph d rt trch nhn t v kim dinh d gi tri.
Trong c 31 bin quan st duoc dua vo phn tch theo tiu chun Eigenvalue lon
hon 1 th chi c 4 nhn t duoc rt ra. 4 nhn t ny giai thch duoc 76.163% bin
thin cua du liu, h s KMO bng 0.948 nn vic su dung phn tch nhn t l ph
hop v h s ny c gi tri lon hon 0.5. H s truyn tai cua cc bin quan st du
lon hon 0.5 ngoai tru bin nh quan l c ton quyn quyt dinh ngn sch bi loai v
nho hon 0.5. D chnh lch cua cc h s truyn tai trn hai thnh phn bt ky du
lon hon 0.3 ngoai tru cc bin kim sot ti chnh cht ch, muc tiu du n r rng
v nng luc nh thu xy lp bi loai v nho hon 0.3. Kt qua phn tch nhn t duoc
trnh by chi tit o cc Bang 4.28 v Bang 4.29.
Bang 4.28 KMO v Bartletts Test cua cc bin dc lp
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .948
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 5268.502
Df 465
Sig. .000


54

Bang 4.29 Kt qua phn tch nhn t cc bin dc lp
Nhn t Bin quan st

Nhn t 1 Nhn t 2 Nhn t 3 Nhn t 4
Kha nng nhn thuc vai tr v nhim vu quan l .820
Kin thuc k thut chuyn mn .748
Kha nng thuong luong .729
Kha nng phn quyn .716
Nng luc di ngu tu vn thit k du n .709
Kha nng phi hop .705
Nng luc tu vn gim st du n .684
Kha nng ra quyt dinh .679
Kha nng lm vic theo tp th .665
Kha nng cam kt hon thnh nhim vu .648
Kim sot ti chnh trong d n rt ch}t ch .644 .503
Mc tiu cua d n r rng .618 .565
K nng giao tip voi moi nguoi .617
Kha nng tu giai quyt vn d .578
Kha nng dn xp cc mu thun .541
Nng lc nh thu xy lp .508 .508
D kh cua du n .850
Du n khn cp .765
Du n c tm quan trong lon .746
Qui m cua du n lon .734
Du n duoc duy tu bao dung thuong xuyn .722
Gi tri du n lon .721
Nh quan l c ton quyn quyt d|nh ngn sch
d n

Mi truong tu nhin .810
Mi truong php lut .756
Mi truong kinh t .731
Mi truong x hi .694
Mi truong cng ngh .630
Su h tro cua cc don vi lin quan bn ngoi du n .813
Su h tro cua cc don vi trong ngnh .774
Su h tro cua chnh quyn dia phuong .737
Eigenvalue 19.416 1.836 1.230 1.129
Phuong sai trch (%) 62.632 5.922 3.967 3.642
Phuong sai trch tch lu (%) 62.632 68.554 72.521 76.163
Ghi ch: Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
Sau khi loai cc bin nh quan l c ton quyn quyt dinh nhn sch, bin kim
sot ti chnh cht ch, muc tiu du n r rng v nng luc nh thu xy lp tin
55

hnh phn tch nhn t khm ph voi 27 bin cn lai. Tip tuc phn tch theo tiu
chun Eigenvalue lon hon 1 vn chi 4 nhn t duoc rt ra. Muc d giai thch su bin
thin cua du liu cua 4 nhn t ny tng ln 77.711%. Kt qua phn tch nhn t
khm ph o ln thu 2 cho thy tt ca cc bin du c h s truyn tai cua cc bin
quan st du lon hon 0.5 nn dat yu cu voi d gi tri hi tu. Dng thoi, d chnh
lch cua cc h s truyn tai trn hai thnh phn bt ky du lon hon 0.3 nn dat yu
cu v d gi tri phn bit. Kt qua chi tit duoc trnh by o cc Bang 4.30 v 4.31
Bang 4.30 Kt qua phn tch nhn t cc bin dc lp (ln 2)
Nhn t Bin quan st

Nhn t 1 Nhn t 2 Nhn t 3 Nhn t 4
Kha nng nhn thuc vai tr v nhim vu quan l .839
Kin thuc k thut chuyn mn .752
Kha nng thuong luong .750
Kha nng phn quyn .740
Kha nng phi hop .730
Nng luc di ngu tu vn thit k du n .721
Kha nng ra quyt dinh .707
Nng luc tu vn gim st du n .695
Kha nng lm vic theo tp th .690
Kha nng cam kt hon thnh nhim vu .649
K nng giao tip voi moi nguoi .627
Kha nng tu giai quyt vn d .601
Kha nng dn xp cc mu thun .568
D kh cua du n .868
Du n khn cp .781
Qui m cua du n lon .740
Du n c tm quan trong lon .740
Gi tri du n lon .727
Du n duoc duy tu bao dung thuong xuyn .713
Mi truong tu nhin .799
Mi truong php lut .758
Mi truong kinh t .755
Mi truong x hi .697
Mi truong cng ngh .616
Su h tro cua cc don vi trong ngnh .796
Su h tro cua cc don vi lin quan bn ngoi du n .785
Su h tro cua chnh quyn dia phuong .775
Eigenvalue 16.949 1.798 1.194 1.040
Phuong sai trch (%) 62.775 6.660 4.423 3.853
Phuong sai trch tch lu (%) 62.775 69.453 73.858 77.711
Ghi ch: Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
56

Bang 4.31 KMO v Bartletts Test cua cc bin dc lp (ln 2)
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
.942
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 4463.924
Df 351
Sig. .000
Tu kt qua Bang 4.30 ta thy c 4 nhn t duoc rt trch, trong d nhn t 1 bao
gm cc bin thuc cc nhm nng luc nh quan l du n, nng luc cc thnh vin
tham gia du n v nng luc cc bn tham gia du n, nhn t ny c th dt tn l yu
to con nguoi tham gia du n, dy l su khc bit so voi cc nghin cuu truoc dy
diu ny c th giai thch l v cc du n giao thng nng thn tai Lm Dng c quy
m nho nhu d phn tch o muc 4.2, nn t chuc quan l du n thuong l c mt nh
quan l du n v tu 1 dn 2 thnh vin tham gia du n, do d tai thoi dim nht dinh
nh quan l du n thuc hin nhim vu cua thnh vin trong du n, dng thoi cc t
chuc quan l du n ny thuc hin nhim vu gim st cng trnh mt s du n do
mnh lm chu du tu. Di voi vic thit k cc cng trnh c quy m nho nn
thuong su dung cc ban thit k mu hoc cc thnh vin trong t chuc quan l du
n thuc hin. Nhn t thu 2 thuc v cc yu t dc trung cua du n, nhn t thu 3
thuc v nhm yu t mi truong bn ngoi v nhn t thu 4 bao gm cc yu t su
h tro cc bn lin quan khng thuc hin du n. Kt qua phn tch nhn t khm ph
tuong di ph hop voi nghin cuu cua Tukel v Rom (1995), Belassi v Tukel
(1996) v Cao Ho Thi (2006).
4.5.3. Tm tt
Kt qua kim dinh thang do cho thy cc thang do duoc su dung trong m hnh du
dat d tin cy. Kt qua phn tch nhn t cho thy cc bin dc lp v cc bin phu
thuc du dat d gi tri. 4 bin l 4 tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n duoc
duoc rt trch thnh 1 nhn t d l thnh qua quan l du n, diu ny chung to
thnh qua quan l du n l mt khi nim don nguyn. Cc bin dc lp gm 27
bin cung duoc rt trch thnh 4 nhn t d l yu t con nguoi tham gia du n, yu
t ny l su kt hop cua cc nhm yu t nng luc nh quan l du n, nng luc cc
thnh vin tham gia du n v nng luc cc bn tham gia du n; yu t dc trung cua
du n; yu t mi truong bn ngoi du n v yu t su h tro cua cc t chuc lin
quan bn ngoi du n. Thang do cc bin trong m hnh hi quy da bin duoc do
bng cc bin quan st duoc tm tt nhu Bang 4.32.
57

Bang 4.32 Tm tt thang do cc bin trong m hnh hi quy da bin
Tn bin Loai bin Bin quan st
Kha nng phn quyn
Kha nng thuong luong
Kha nng phi hop
Kha nng nhn thuc vai tr v nhim vu
quan l
Kha nng ra quyt dinh
Kin thuc k thut chuyn mn
K nng giao tip voi moi nguoi
Kha nng dn xp cc mu thun
Kha nng cam kt hon thnh nhim vu
Kha nng tu giai quyt vn d
Kha nng lm vic theo tp th
Nng luc di ngu tu vn thit k du n
Con nguoi tham gia du n Dc lp
Nng luc tu vn gim st duongu n
Quy m du n lon
Gi tri du n lon
D kh cua du n
Du n c tm quan trong lon
Dc trung cua du n Dc lp
Du n duoc duy tu bao dung thuong
xuyn
Mi truong tu nhin
Mi truong x hi
Mi truong cng ngh
Mi truong kinh t
Mi truong bn ngoi cua
du n
Dc lp
Mi truong php lut
Su h tro cua chnh quyn dia phuong
Su h tro cua cc don vi trong ngnh
Su h tro cc t chuc lin
quan bn ngoi du n du
n
Dc lp
Su h tro cua cc don vi lin quan bn
ngoi du n du n
Chi ph
Thoi gian
Cht luong k thut
Thnh qua quan l du n
Phu
thuc
Dp ung yu cu cc bn lin quan
58

4.6. Kim d|nh m hnh nghin cu v cc gia thuyt
Sau khi qua giai doan phn tch nhn t, c 4 nhn t duoc dua vo kim dinh m
hnh. Gi tri nhn t l trung bnh cua cc bin quan st thnh phn thuc nhn t
d. Phn tch tuong quan Pearson duoc su dung d xem xt su ph hop khi dua cc
thnh phn vo m hnh hi quy.
4.6.1. Phn tch tuong quan
Kim dinh h s tuong quan Pearson dng d kim tra mi lin h tuyn tnh giua
cc bin dc lp v bin phu thuc. Khi thuc hin phn tch nhn t khm ph bng
phuong php phn tch thnh phn chnh th nhn t rt trch hon ton khng tuong
quan nn khng xay ra hin tuong da cng tuyn trong phn tch hi quy.
Kt qua phn tch ma trn tuong quan o Bang 4.33 cho thy cc bin dc lp du c
tuong quan voi bin phu thuc o muc nghia 1%, trong d cc bin con nguoi tham
gia du n v mi truong bn ngoi du n tuong quan cht voi bin phu thuc, bin
su h tro cc bn lin bn ngoi du n tuong quan km cht hon voi bin phu thuc
nhung so b c th kt lun dua cc bin dc lp ny vo phn tch hi quy.
Bang 4.33 Kt qua phn tch tuong quan giua cc bin trong phn tch hi quy
Thnh qua quan l du n
Con nguoi tham gia du n .622**
Dc trung cua du n .223**
Mi truong bn ngoi cua du n .451**
Su h tro cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n du n .232**
Ghi ch:
**
c muc nghia 1%
4.6.2. Phn tch hi quy
D xem xt mi quan h giua cc yu t yu t con nguoi tham gia du n, dc trung
cua du n, mi truong bn ngoi du n v su h tro cua cc t chuc lin quan bn
ngoi du n voi thnh qua quan l du n, phn tch hi quy duoc tin hnh. Su anh
huong cua cc thuc tnh chu du tu du n, quy m du n, tng muc du tu cua du
n v ngun cp vn cho du n cung duoc xem xt. Trong phn tch hi quy, cc
bin thuc tnh cua du n duoc xu l nhu cc bin gia. Di voi chu du tu du n, gi
tri 1 duoc gn cho chu du tu l nh nuoc, gi tri 0 duoc gn cho chu du tu l tu
nhn. Di voi quy m du n, gi tri 1 duoc gn cho du n c t hon hoc bng 50 s
du cng vic/cng tc, gi tri 0 duoc gn cho du n c nhiu hon 50 s du cng
59

vic/cng tc. Di voi tng muc du tu cua du n gi tri 1 duoc gn cho du n c
tng muc du tu t hon hoc bng 50 ty dng, gi tri 0 duoc gn cho du n cho du
n c tng muc du tu nhiu hon 50 ty dng. Di voi ngun cp vn cho du n, gi
tri 1 duoc gn cho ngn sch nh nuoc, gi tri 0 duoc gn cho cc ngun khc.
Trong phn tch hi quy, d tm ra m hnh tt nht, cc m hnh duoc trin khai
nhu sau:
M hnh 1 khao st mi quan h nhn qua giua cc bin phu thuc l thnh qua
quan l du n v 4 bin dc lp l yu t con nguoi tham gia du n, dc trung cua
du n, d n dinh cua mi truong bn ngoi du n v su h tro cua cc t chuc lin
quan bn ngoi du n du n. Kt qua phn tch hi quy M hnh 1 duoc trnh by
chi tit o Bang 4.34.
Bang 4.34 Kt qua phn tch hi quy da bin M hnh 1
H s hi quy
H s hi quy
chun ho M hnh 1
B Std.Error
T Sig.
Hng s 1.09E-016 .046 .000 1.000
Yu t con nguoi .622 .046 .622 13.404 .000
Dc trung du n .223 .046 .223 4.813 .000
Tnh n dinh cua mi
truong bn ngoi
.451 .046 .451 9.720 .000
Su h tro cua cc don
vi lin quan bn ngoi
du n du n
.232 .046 .232 4.995 .000
R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
.833
a
.694 .686 .56078081
M hnh 1 cho thy 1 nhm yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n du c
mi quan h dng bin c nghia thng k o muc 1%, co ban ph hop voi cc
nghin cuu truoc dy cua Tukel v Rom (1995), Belassi v Tukel (1996) v Cao
Ho Thi (2006). M hnh 1 giai thch duoc 68.6% su bin dng cua bin phu thuc
thnh qua quan l du n.
Sau khi phn tch hi quy o M hnh 1, M hnh 2 khao st mi quan h nhn qua
giua bin phu thuc l thnh qua quan l du n v 4 bin dc lp anh huong dn
thnh qua quan l du n v dua thm vo 4 bin thuc tnh cua du n bao gm chu
du tu du n, quy m du n, tng muc du tu cua du n v ngun cp vn cho du
n.
60

Trong M hnh 2, 4 bin thuc tnh cua du n xu l nhu cc bin gia (dummy), cc
bin gia ny c gi tri l 0 hay 1 v nhung quy dinh ny d duoc dinh nghia o phn
trn. M hnh ny nhm xc dinh su anh huong truc tip cua 4 bin dc lp v 4
bin thuc tnh ln su thnh cng cua du n. Kt qua phn tch hi quy M hnh 2
duoc trnh by chi tit o Bang 4.35.
Bang 4.35 Kt qua phn tch hi quy da bin M hnh 2
H s hi quy
H s hi quy
chun ho M hnh 2
B Std.Error
t Sig.
Hng s .004 .225 .018 .986
Yu t con nguoi .622 .047 .622 13.270 .000
Dc trung du n .192 .054 .192 3.539 .001
Tnh n dinh cua mi
truong bn ngoi
.447 .047 .447 9.520 .000
Su h tro cua cc don
vi lin quan bn ngoi
du n du n
.243 .048 .243 5.071 .000
Tng mc du tu -.098 .144 -.039 -.683 .496
Chu du tu .179 .242 .038 .740 .460
Quy m d n -.042 .111 -.021 -.376 .707
Ngun cp vn cho
d n
-.165 .140 -.062 -1.183 .239
R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
.836
a
.699 .681 .56437435
Khi dua 4 bin thuc tnh duoc xu l nhu cc bin gia l chu du tu du n, quy m
du n, tng muc du tu cua du n v ngun cp vn cho du n vo M hnh 2 th 4
nhm yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n vn tip tuc c nghia thng
k, nhung cc bin thuc tnh cua du n du khng c nghia v mt thng k.
Diu ny c th giai thch:
- Di voi tng muc du tu cua cc cng trnh giao thng nng thn lon hay nho l
do khi luong cua tung hang muc l nhiu hay t nhung s luong hang muc trong
kt cu du ton cua cc cng trnh giao thng l tuong tu nhau nn t c su phn bit
cua tng muc du tu cc cng trnh giao thng nng thn.
- Di voi quy m cua du n giao thng nng thn th s luong du cng vic thuong
t dai din cho quy m cua du n bng cc kch thuoc hnh hoc cua cng trnh (nhu
b rng nn, mt duong, cc yu t hnh hoc nhu bn knh cong .. ) v vt liu lm
61

mt duong, dng thoi vic phn chia cng vic cung chua phan nh dng quy m
cua du n.
- Di chu du tu v ngun cp vn cho du n nhu d phn tch o phn 4.2, hu ht
cc ngun vn tru ngun vn tu nhn du do nh nuoc lm chu du tu, dng thoi
trong khao st nghin cuu ny ngun vn v chu du tu l tu nhn chi chim 4.8%
(7/147 du n) nn su anh huong chu du tu l nh nuoc v tu nhn ln thnh qua
quan l du n khng duoc phn bit r rng.
M hnh 2 giai thch duoc 68.1% su bin dng cua bin phu thuc thnh qua quan
l du n.
4.6.3. Kim d|nh gia thuyt
Trong chuong 2, m hnh l thuyt d d xut 7 gia thuyt duoc k hiu tu H1 dn
H7 cn duoc kim dinh. Dua vo kt qua cua M hnh 1 v M hnh 2, cc gia
thuyt duoc kim dinh nhu sau:
Gia thuyt H1:
Gia thuyt H1 duoc pht biu rng nu mi truong bn ngoi du n cng n dinh th
thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon. Tu kt qua phn tch o Bang 4.34 cho
thy tnh n dinh cua mi truong bn ngoi v bin thnh qua quan l du n c quan
h dng bin voi h s hi quy l +0.451 v muc nghia l p=0.000 nn gia thuyt
ny khng bi bc bo.
Vy yu t n dinh cua mi truong bn ngoi l mt trong nhung nguyn nhn anh
huong dn thnh qua quan l du n. Mi truong tu nhin nhu diu kin dia cht,
thuy vn n dinh s gp phn dy nhanh tin d thuc hin du n voi chi ph ph
hop voi k hoach ban du, nu diu kin dia cht, thuy vn khng n dinh cc
hang muc thi cng phai xu l k thut nhiu ln, thuc hin cc bin php thi cng
dc bit lm anh huong dn tin d v chi ph cua du n.
Mi truong kinh t v php lut cng n dinh th thnh qua quan l du n cng cao,
trong giai doan 2007, 2008 do anh huong cua cc yu t truot gi v thay di luong
ti thiu v Chnh phu ban hnh v chinh sua mt s Nghi dinh v quan l du tu
xy dung v quan l cht luong du tu xy dung cng trnh nn hu ht cc du n
giao thng nng thn du phai diu chinh du n nhiu ln lm cho gia tng chi ph
so voi k hoach ban du, vic thi cng cc hang muc cng trnh ko di lm anh
62

huong dn cht luong k thut cng trnh v giam muc d hi lng cua cc bn lin
quan nhu nhn dn xung quanh khu vuc c du n, nh thu, cc don vi tu vn
Gia thuyt H2:
Gia thuyt H2 duoc pht biu rng nu nng luc nh quan l du n cng tt th
thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon. Tu kt qua phn tch o Bang 4.34 cho
thy nhm bin nng luc nh quan l du n thuc nhn t yu t con nguoi tham gia
du n v thnh qua quan l du n c quan h dng bin voi h s hi quy l +0.622
v muc nghia l p=0.000 nn gia thuyt ny khng bi bc bo.
Khi nh quan l du n c nng luc cng cao th kha nng t chuc diu phi du n
cng tt, du n duoc trin khai hi ho, nhanh chng, cng vic dat kt qua tt hon,
s thu ht v tn dung ti da ngun luc d thuc hin du n lm cho du n c thnh
qua quan l cao hon.
Gia thuyt H3:
Gia thuyt H3 duoc pht biu rng nu nng luc thnh vin tham gia du n cng
tt th thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon. Tu kt qua phn tch o Bang 4.34
cho thy nhm bin nng luc thnh vin tham gia du n thuc nhn t yu t con
nguoi tham gia du n c quan h dng bin voi thnh qua quan l du n voi h s
hi quy l +0.622 v muc nghia l p=0.000 nn gia thuyt ny khng bi bc bo.
Khi cc thnh vin tham gia du n c kin thuc chuyn mn, kha nng lm vic
nhm, kha nng tu giai quyt vn d tt s gip cho cng vic duoc t chuc,
quan l, thuc hin nhanh chng, t sai st lm cho thnh qua quan l du n cung
tng ln.
Gia thuyt H4:
Gia thuyt H4 duoc pht biu rng nu su h tro cc t chuc bn ngoi du n cng
tt th thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon. Tu kt qua phn tch o Bang 4.34
cho thy nhm bin su h tro cc t chuc bn ngoi du n v thnh qua quan l du
n c quan h dng bin voi h s hi quy l +0.232 v muc nghia l p=0.000 nn
gia thuyt ny khng bi bc bo.
Tht vy, su h tro cua chnh quyn dia phuong, cc don vi trong ngnh v cc cc
don vi ngoi ngnh trong cng tc giai phng mt bng, di doi v cung cp din
nuoc, h thng thng tin lin lac, thm dinh ph duyt h so thit k k thut, k
63

hoach du thu s gp phn dy nhanh tin d du n, giam cc rui ro trong qu
trnh thuc hin du n s gp phn lm thnh qua quan l du n cao hon.
Gia thuyt H5:
Gia thuyt H5 duoc pht biu rng nu nng luc cua cc t chuc tham gia vo du n
cng tt th thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon. Tu kt qua phn tch o
Bang 4.34 cho thy nhm bin nng luc cua cc t chuc tham gia vo du n thuc
nhn t yu t con nguoi tham gia du n c quan h dng bin voi thnh qua quan
l du n voi h s hi quy l +0.622 v muc nghia l p=0.000 nn gia thuyt ny
khng bi bc bo.
Trong lnh vuc xy dung ni chung, vai tr cua tu vn thit k v tu vn gim st c
nghia sng cn, nhm dam bao qu trnh xy dung duoc thuc hin dng tin d,
dam bao cht luong cng trnh. Cng vic ny di hoi mt t chuc voi di ngu
chuyn gia k thut v quan l du nng luc gip tu vn ton b qu trnh xy dung
phi hop voi nh thu, thuc hin kim tra, do thu nghim, kim sot cht luong v
dam bao tin d cng trnh.
Gia thuyt H6:
Gia thuyt H6 duoc pht biu rng dc trung du n duoi dang bin dinh luong s tc
dng truc tip dn thnh qua quan l du n GTNT tai Lm Dng. Tu kt qua phn
tch o Bang 4.34 cho thy nhm bin dc trung du n duoi dang bin dinh luong c
quan h dng bin voi thnh qua quan l du n, h s hi quy bng +0.223 v muc
nghia l p=0.001 nn gia thuyt ny khng bi bc bo.
Gia thuyt H7:
Gia thuyt H7 pht biu rng d manh cua mi quan h giua cc yu t anh huong
dn thnh qua quan l du n GTNT chiu su anh huong boi nhung bin dc trung
cua du n duoi dang dinh tnh. Tu kt qua phn tch o Bang 4.35 cc bin dinh tnh
dc trung cua du n du khng c nghia thng k nn gia thuyt ny bi bc bo.
4.7. Phn tch phuong sai mt yu t (One-way ANOVA)
Muc tiu cua phn tch phuong sai mt yu t l phn tch anh huong cua mt yu
t nguyn nhn (dang bin dinh tnh) anh huong dn mt yu t kt qua (dang bin
dinh luong) dang nghin cuu.
64

Nghin cuu ny tin hnh ln luot phn tch anh huong cua cc yu t nguyn nhn
l tng muc du tu, quy m du n, chu du tu cua du n v ngun cp vn cho du
n anh huong dn 4 bin phu thuc l 4 tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n
gm chi ph, thoi gian, cht luong k thut v dp ung yu cu cua cc bn lin
quan.
4.7.1. Phn tch anh huong bin tng mc du tu dn 4 tiu ch thnh qua
quan l d n
Kt qua phn tch ANOVA duoc trnh by o Bang 4.36, cho thy khng c su khc
bit v nghia thng k voi muc nghia 5% di voi tng muc du tu v cc tiu
ch thoi gian, cht luong v dp ung cc yu cu lin quan nhung anh huong cua
tng muc du tu ln chi ph du n c nghia v mt thng k voi muc nghia 5%,
ta s phn tch thm mt buoc nua d xc dinh su khc bit ny xay ra o du.
Bang 4.36 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo di tuong tng muc du tu.

Source of
Variation
Sum of
Squares
Df
Mean
Square
F Sig.
Between Groups 16.123 4 4.031 2.473 .047
Within Groups 231.482 142 1.630
Chi ph
Total 247.605 146
Between Groups 6.802 4 1.700 .771 .546
Within Groups 313.171 142 2.205
Thoi gian
Total 319.973 146
Between Groups 7.951 4 1.988 1.359 .251
Within Groups 207.736 142 1.463
Cht
luong
Total 215.687 146
Between Groups 7.579 4 1.895 1.256 .290
Within Groups 214.272 142 1.509
Dp ung
cc bn
lin quan Total 221.850 146
Tu Bang 4.37, kim dinh t cho tung cp (tng muc du tu lon hon 50 ty v nho hon
1 ty, lon hon 50 ty voi tu 1 dn 7 ty, lon hon 50 ty vo tu 7 dn 15 ty, lon hon 50 ty
voi tu 15 ty dn 50 ty). Chng ta chi thy c su khc bit giua nhm du n c tng
muc du tu lon hon 50 ty dng v du n c tng muc du tu nho hon 1 ty dng.
Diu ny c th giai thch trong cc du n giao thng s cng vic cn thuc hin l
tuong tu nhau, vic tng muc du tu cao hay thp chi lin quan dn khi luong cn
thuc hin trong cng vic nn khng c su khc bit cua tng muc du tu ln cc
65

yu t thoi gian, cht luong v dp ung yu cu cua cc bn lin quan nhung lai c
c su anh huong khc bit voi yu t chi ph, trong d hiu s (I-J) bng -1.504
chung to rng cc du n c tng muc du tu nho hon 1 ty dng t thnh cng v mt
chi ph hon cc du n c tng muc du tu lon hon 50 ty dng, diu ny c th giai
thch do cc du n c tng muc du tu nho nn cc nh quan l t quan tm dn
cng tc quan l chi ph cua cc du n ny.
Bang 4.37 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo di tuong tng muc du tu.
95% Confidence
Interval
(I) Tng muc du tu
(J) Tng muc
du tu
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig.
Lower
Bond
Upper
Bond
t hon 1 ty Trn 50 ty dng -1.054* .352 .011 -1.911 -.191
Tu 1 ty dng dn 7 ty dng Trn 50 ty dng -.527 .336 .318 -1.353 .298
Tu 7 ty dng dn 15 ty dng Trn 50 ty dng -.809 .355 .076 -1.680 .069
Tu 15 ty dng dn 50 ty
dng
Trn 50 ty dng
-.550 .350 .315 -1.409 .309
Ghi ch:
*
c muc nghia 5%
4.7.2. Phn tch anh huong bin quy m d n dn 4 tiu ch thnh qua
quan l d n
Bang 4.38 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo quy m du n.

Source of
Variation
Sum of
Squares
Df
Mean
Square
F Sig.
Between Groups 14.148 4 3.537 2.151 .078
Within Groups 233.457 142 1.644
Chi ph
Total 247.605 146
Between Groups 7.101 4 1.775 .806 .523
Within Groups 312.872 142 2.203
Thoi gian
Total 319.973 146
Between Groups 7.030 4 1.757 1.196 .315
Within Groups 208.658 142 1.469
Cht luong
Total 215.687 146
Between Groups 5.470 4 1.367 .897 .467
Within Groups 216.381 142 1.524
Dp ung cc
bn lin
quan Total 221.850 146
66

Kt qua phn tch ANOVA d duoc trnh by o Bang 4.38, cho thy khng c su
khc bit v nghia thng k voi muc nghia 5% di voi quy m du n v 4 tiu
ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n. Nhu d giai thch o cc phn trn trong cc du
n giao thng nng thn s cng vic cn thuc hin l tuong tu nhau nn 4 tiu ch
thnh qua quan l du n khng c su khc bit khi xem xt anh huong cua di
tuong chu du tu.
4.7.3. Phn tch anh huong bin chu du tu dn 4 tiu ch thnh qua quan l
d n
Kt qua phn tch ANOVA duoc trnh by o Bang 4.39, cho thy khng c su khc
bit v nghia thng k voi muc nghia 5% di voi di tuong chu du tu v 4 tiu
ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n. Diu ny c th giai thch trong cc du n
giao thng nng thn du c quy m nho nn di tuong chu du tu l nh nuoc hay
tu nhn du quan l du n theo quy trnh tuong tu nhau nn 4 tiu ch thnh qua
quan l du n khng c su khc bit khi xem xt anh huong cua di tuong chu du
tu.
Bang 4.39 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo di tuong chu du tu.

Source of
Variation
Sum of
Squares
Df
Mean
Square
F Sig.
Between Groups .720 1 .720 .423 .517
Within Groups 246.886 145 1.703
Chi ph
Total 247.605 146
Between Groups 5.230 1 5.230 2.409 .123
Within Groups 314.743 145 2.171
Thoi gian
Total 319.973 146
Between Groups 1.266 1 1.266 .856 .356
Within Groups 214.421 145 1.479
Cht luong
Total 215.687 146
Between Groups 1.307 1 1.307 .860 .355
Within Groups 220.543 145 1.521
Dp ung cc
bn lin
quan Total 221.850 146
67

4.7.4. Phn tch anh huong bin ngun vn cp cho d n dn 4 tiu ch thnh
qua quan l d n
Kt qua phn tch ANOVA duoc trnh by o Bang 4.40, cho thy khng c su khc
bit v nghia thng k voi muc nghia 5% di voi ngun vn cp cho du n v 4
tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n. Diu ny c th giai thch di voi da s
ngun vn th chu du tu du l nh nuoc nn vic quan l du n thuong thuc hin
theo cc Nghi dinh huong dn v quan l du tu v xy dung, v quan l cht luong
cng trnh, v quan l chi ph xy dung nn 4 tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n
khng c su khc bit khi xem xt anh huong cua ngun cp vn cho du n.
Bang 4.40 Kt qua phn tch ANOVA theo ngun vn cp cho du n.

Source of
Variation
Sum of
Squares
Df
Mean
Square
F Sig.
Between Groups 8.947 4 2.237 1.331 .261
Within Groups 238.658 142 1.681
Chi ph
Total 247.605 146
Between Groups 8.938 4 2.234 1.020 .399
Within Groups 311.035 142 2.190
Thoi gian
Total 319.973 146
Between Groups 3.998 4 1.000 .670 .614
Within Groups 211.689 142 1.491
Cht luong
Total 215.687 146
Between Groups 5.396 4 1.349 .885 .475
Within Groups 216.454 142 1.524
Dp ung cc
bn lin
quan Total 221.850 146
4.8. Tm tt
Chuong ny trnh by kt qua phn tch m ta, phn tch tuong quan, kim dinh
thang do v m hnh nghin cuu cng cc gia thuyt, cui cng l phn tch phuong
sai mt yu t.
Kt qua phn tch 147 du n giao thng nng thn trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng cho
kt qua nhu sau:
Phn tch m ta cho thy du liu ph hop voi tnh hnh thuc t tai Lm Dng. Phn
tch tuong quan, hu ht cc bin du c tuong quan voi cc bin thnh qua quan l
68

du n tru bin tnh dc nht cua du n thuc nhm dc trung cua du n. Cc bin
trong cng mt nhm tuong quan c nghia voi nhau v xem xt cc bin ny trong
cc buoc phn tch tip theo.
Kt qua kim dinh thang do, cho thy cc thang do duoc su dung trong m hnh du
dat d tin cy v duoc dua vo phn tch nhn t khm ph. Kt qua phn tch nhn
t khm ph cho hu ht cc bin dc lp v phu thuc du dat d gi tri cho php.
4 bin phu thuc l 4 tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n duoc rt trch thnh
mt nhn t d l thnh qua quan l du n. Cc bin quan st anh huong dn thnh
qua quan l du n duoc rt trch thnh 4 nhn t d l yu t con nguoi tham gia du
n, yu t ny l su kt hop cua cc nhm yu t nng luc nh quan l du n, nng
luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n v nng luc cc bn tham gia du n; yu t dc
trung cua du n; yu t mi truong bn ngoi du n v yu t su h tro cua cc t
chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n.
Qua phn tch hi quy da bin cho php ta kt lun su anh huong cua 4 nhn t anh
huong dn thnh qua quan l du n du c nghia thng k, do d 6 gia thuyt H1,
H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 du khng bi bc bo, ring di voi 4 bin dinh tnh v dc
trung cua du n khng c nghia thng k nn gia thuyt H7 bi bc bo. Kt qua
kim dinh cc gia thuyt s duoc trnh by by tm tt o Bang 4.41
Phn tch phuong sai mt yu t nhm ln luot phn tch anh huong cua cc yu t
nguyn nhn l tng muc du tu, quy m du n, chu du tu cua du n v ngun cp
vn cho du n anh huong dn 4 bin phu thuc l 4 tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan
l du n gm chi ph, thoi gian, cht luong k thut v dp ung yu cu cua cc bn
lin quan. Qua phn tch, hu ht khng c su khc bit cua 4 bin thnh qua quan
l du n khi xt dn cc yu t anh huong l dc trung cua du n, tru bin chi ph
cua du n c khc bit khi xt dn cc du n c tng muc du tu nho hon 1 ty dng
v cc du n c tng muc du tu lon hon 50 ty dng. Trong d, hiu s (I-J) bng -
1.504 chung to rng cc du n c tng muc du tu nho hon 1 ty dng t thnh cng
v mt chi ph hon cc du n c tng muc du tu lon hon 50 ty dng, diu ny c
th giai thch do cc du n c tng muc du tu nho nn cc nh quan l t quan tm
dn cng tc quan l chi ph cua cc du n ny.
Chuong 5 s trnh by cc kt qua chnh, nhung dng gp v nghia thuc tin cua
d ti, mt s kin nghi sau khi nghin cuu v mt s han ch v cc huong nghin
cuu tip theo.

69

Bang 4.41 Tm tt kt qua kim dinh gia thuyt.
Gia thuyt M ta Kt qua
H1 Nu mi truong bn ngoi du n cng n
dinh th thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt
hon.
Khng bi bc bo
p = 0.000
H2 Nu nng luc nh quan l du n cng tt th
thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon.
Khng bi bc bo
p = 0.000
H3 Nu nng luc thnh vin tham gia du n cng tt
th thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon
Khng bi bc bo
p = 0.000
H4 Su h tro cc t chuc bn ngoi du n cng tt
th thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt hon.
Khng bi bc bo
p = 0.000
H5 Nng luc cua cc t chuc tham gia vo du n
cng tt th thnh qua quan l du n GTNT s tt
hon.
Khng bi bc bo
p = 0.000
H6 Dc trung du n duoi dang bin dinh luong
s tc dng truc tip dn thnh qua quan l du n
GTNT.
Khng bi bc bo
p = 0.001
H7 D manh cua mi quan h giua cc yu t anh
huong dn thnh qua quan l du n GTNT chiu
su anh huong boi nhung bin dc tnh cua du n.
Bi bc bo
p = 0.239

70

CHUONG 5
KET LUAN V KIEN NGHJ
Chuong ny s trnh by cc kt qua chnh, nhung dng gp v nghia thuc tin
cua d ti, mt s kin nghi sau khi nghin cuu, cung nhu mt s han ch v cc
huong nghin cuu tip theo.
5.1. Cc kt qua nghin cu chnh
Nghin cuu ny d trin khai v kim dinh m hnh l thuyt nhu trnh by o
Bang 4.35 bao gm nhung yu t anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n v nhung
thuc tnh cua du n anh huong ln thnh qua quan l du n giao thng nng thn
tai Lm Dng. Phn tch nhn t khm ph v phn tch hi quy da bin bng phn
mm SPSS cho thy m hnh giai thch duoc 68.6% su bin dng cua bin phu
thuc vo thnh cng cua du n.
Kt qua phn tch tuong quan ph hop voi co so l thuyt dua ra. Tt ca cc yu t
anh huong dn thnh cng cua du n giao thng nng thn tai Lm Dng du c
tuong quan nghia voi tiu ch thnh qua quan l du n ngoai tru bin tnh dc nht
cua du n thuc nhm bin dinh luong dc trung cua du n. Cc bin trong cng
mt nhm yu t du c tuong quan nghia voi nhau.
Kt qua kim dinh cc thang do duoc su dung trong m hnh du dat d tin cy v
d gi tri. Nhung kt qua phn tch nhn t khm ph c 3 yu t ph hop voi cc
yu t m nghin cuu cua Tukel v Rom (1995), Belassi v Tukel (1996) v Cao
Ho Thi (2006) dua ra l su n dinh cua mi truong bn ngoi, su h tro cua cc t
chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n v dc trung cua du n (cc bin dinh luong) nhung
c su khc l cc nhm yu t nng luc nh quan l du n, nng luc cc thnh vin
tham gia du n v nng luc cc bn tham gia du n ho thnh 1 nhm yu t. Kt
qua nghin cuu cung khng dinh tiu ch dnh gi thnh qua quan l du n l cc
tiu ch chi ph, thoi gian, cht luong v dp ung yu cu cua cc bn lin quan. Dy
l cc tiu ch m cc nh nghin cuu truoc dy khng dinh.
Kt qua phn tch hi quy da bin cho ta thy ca 4 nhm yu t su n dinh cua mi
truong bn ngoi, su h tro cua cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n, dc trung
cua du n v con nguoi tham gia du n du anh huong dn thnh qua quan l du n,
trong d nhm yu t con nguoi tham gia du n l anh huong manh nht. 4 nhm
yu t trn giai thch duoc 68.6% su bin dng cua thnh qua quan l du n.
Kt qua phn tch phuong sai mt yu t, cho thy cc du n c tng muc du tu lon
hon 50 ty dng thnh cng v mt chi ph hon cc du n c tng muc du tu nho
hon 1 ty dng.
71

Nghin cuu ny cung xc nhn thnh qua quan l du n c th xem nhu l mt khi
nim don nguyn boi v kt qua phn tch nhn t cho thy chi c 1 nhn t duoc rt
ra.
5.2. Nhng dng gp, nghia thc tin v nhng kin ngh|
Vic pht trin giao thng duoc xem nhu l tin d d pht trin kinh t - x hi cua
bt ky dia phuong no, trong d giao thng nng thn l phn quan trong trong h
thng giao thng, do d cc du n giao thng nng thn thuc hin thnh cng s
dng gp rt lon trong vic pht trin kinh t x hi. M thnh qua cua du n bao
gm thnh qua cua quan l du n v thnh qua cua san phm du n, v vy nng cao
thnh qua quan l du n tuc l gp phn nng cao thnh qua cua du n.
Nghin cuu ny d chi ra rng c 6 yu t l su n dinh cua mi truong bn ngoi,
su h tro cua cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n du n, dc trung cua du n, yu
t nng luc nh quan l du n, nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n v nng luc
cc bn tham gia du n du c anh huong thnh qua quan l du n o muc nghia
thng k 1%. Trong d, nhm yu t con nguoi thuc hin du n gm cc yu t
nng luc nh quan l du n, nng luc cc thnh vin tham gia du n v nng luc cc
bn tham gia c anh huong manh nht dn thnh qua quan l du n ( = 0.622). Do
d d du n trin khai dp ung duoc cc yu cu v chi ph, thoi gian, cht luong v
dp ung cc yu cu cc bn lin quan cn phai ch tp trung nng cao nng luc
cua thnh vin tham gia du n, cng tc do tao ngun nhn luc ngoi vic uu tin
v nghip vu chuyn mn, bn canh d phai tp trung do tao cc k nng tu giai
quyt vn d, k nng giao tip v kha nng lm vic nhm.
Nng luc nh quan l du n cung giu vai tr kh quan trong trong su thnh bai cua
du n, nhn chung quyn han chuc vu cua nh quan l l khng du d thuc hin du
n thnh cng, dim chnh yu l vn d nhn thuc r vai tr v nhim vu quan l
cua mnh, bit duoc nhung kh khn, tro ngai cua du n d giai quyt. Ngoi ra
mun giai quyt duoc nhung vn d tro ngai di hoi nh quan l phai c kha nng
phi hop voi cc bn lin quan dn du n, giua cc cp lnh dao.
Ch trong dn cng tc lua chon nhung don vi tu vn thit k, nh thu thi cng c
nng luc v kinh nghim, dng thoi thu hoc chi dinh nhung du n phuc tap cho tu
vn gim st c kinh nghim. Khng giao qu nhiu du n cho mt tu vn thit k,
tu vn gim st cung nhu nh thu xy lp. Dng thoi cung cn quan l cht ch v
c bin php d nng cao nng luc tu vn thit k, gim st, nh thu xy lp, giam
thiu tnh trang gian ln v tht thot l cn thit cho cng tc quan l du n thnh
cng, nht l trong vn d quan l chi ph.
Tnh n dinh cua mi truong bn ngoi cung anh huong lon dn thnh qua quan l
du n ( = 0.451) ngoi vic thu tu vn thit k v tu vn gim st c kinh nghim
d thuc hin nhung du n thuc vng c diu kin tu nhin phuc tap, cc t chuc
quan l du n v cc don vi c lin quan cung cn quan tm dn cc yu t p dung
cng ngh tin tin d lm tng thnh qua quan l du n. Di voi mi truong kinh t
72

v php lut l nhung yu t kh kim sot nhung cc c nhn v t chuc tham gia
vo du n cung nn thuong xuyn theo di, nm bt v c nhung nhn dinh ph hop
di voi tung du n cu th d chu dng phng ngua nhung rui ro c th xay ra.
Su h tro cua cc t chuc lin quan bn ngoi du n cung c anh huong dn thnh
qua quan l du n, mc d khng anh huong lon bng yu t con nguoi tham gia du
n v yu t mi truong bn ngoi ( = 0.232) nhung cung l mt trong nhung yu
t quyt dinh su thnh cng cua du n nn cn phai quan l cc mi quan h voi cc
don vi ny mt cch khoa hoc nhm tranh thu su h tro cua cc t chuc lin quan
bn ngoi du n d tng thnh qua quan l du n.
Di voi nhm yu t dc trung cua du n da s duoc hnh thnh cng voi du n nn
ta kh c th tc dng dn nhung yu t ny nhung vic duy tu bao dung cc du n
sau du tu l yu t m cc nh quan l, cc nh hoach dinh chnh sch c th quan
tm cai thin d nng cao thnh qua cua du n. Khi lp du n du tu cc du n giao
thng nng thn cc nh quan l thuong khng tnh dn chi ph duy tu bao dung
sau thi cng m quan tm dn gi tri xy lp v cc chi ph khc cua du n nn kinh
ph duy tu bao dung thuong duoc b tr hng nm tu ngun ngn sch cua dia
phuong, m ngun kinh ph ny thuong rt han hep nn khng dp ung duoc cc
nhu cu duy tu bao dung. V vy cc nh quan l v hoach dinh chnh sch nn
xem chi ph duy tu bao dung nhu l mt phn chi ph trong kt cu du ton cua du
n nhm dam bao ngun cp vn cho vic duy tu bao dung.
Kt qua phn tch phuong sai mt yu t, cho thy cc du n c tng muc du tu lon
hon 50 ty dng thnh cng v mt chi ph hon cc du n c tng muc du tu nho
hon 1 ty dng v cc nh quan l du n t quan tm vic quan l chi ph cc c tng
muc du tu nho hon 1 ty dng, v vy d nng cao thnh qua quan l du n cc nh
quan l du n nn quan tm hon cng tc quan l chi ph di voi cc du n c tng
muc du tu nho hon 1 ty dng.
5.3. Hn ch v hung nghin cu tip theo
Bn canh nhung dng gp nghin cuu ny cung c mt s han ch nht dinh. Thu
nht, nghin cuu chi thuc hin trn dia bn tinh Lm Dng nn tnh tng qut bi han
ch. Thu hai, nghin cuu chi dung lai o phn tch hi quy da bin chua tin hnh
nghin cuu su tc dng giua cc bin dc lp voi nhau. Thu ba, han ch thuc v
mu nghin cuu duoc chon theo phuong php ly mu thun tin, nhiu di tuong
ly mu thuc v mt t chuc (l cc Trung tm quan l v khai thc cng trnh
cng cng hoc cc t chuc tu vn) nn hiu ung thin lch vn chua duoc loai tru.
Thu tu, mu nghin cuu duoc chon theo phuong php thun tin, du liu thu thp
duoc c th bi anh huong mt phn boi kin chu quan cua nguoi tra loi, c mu
chon kch thuoc ti thiu nn chua phan nh dng thuc trang cua cc yu t nhu
chnh sch, kinh t, x hi trong diu kin thuc hin du n. Trn dy l han ch
cua nghin cuu v cung mo ra huong dnh cho cc nghin cuu tip theo.

73

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