Vol. 47, No. 6 (2010) pp.

871-879

microseismic monitoring
1) 1)* 1)

Study on Microseismic Monitoring Method

for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Myungsun Kim, Joongmu Byun* and Soonjee Seol
Abstract : In this study, a module, which can detect the location of the microseismic from the recorded seismogram,
was developed by improving Simulps 14 program used in earthquake seismology. The use of the difference
between P and S first arrivals provides the more exact locations than P first arrival only. In addition, the results
of examining the sensitivity to the errors in the velocity model used in estimating the locations, show that about
10% error in the velocity model was not significantly affected in the calculation of the location for the model
used in this paper. On the other hand, the algorithm which can obtain the moment magnitude and the source
parameters of microseism by spectral analysis in frequency domain was developed. Finally, the direction and the
aperture of the fractures can be revealed by describing the locations and the magnitudes of microseismics in three
dimensions.

Key words : Microseismic monitoring, Location of microseism, Source parameters

: microseismic microseismic
Simulps 14 . P
S P S P
.
10%
microseismic . , microseismic
.
microseismic 3 .
: , ,

.



2010 8 30 , 2010 11 9
1)
*Corresponding Author()
E-mail; jbyun@hanyang.ac.kr
Address; Dept. of Natural Resources and Geoenvironmental
Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791,
Korea

871

. microseismic

CO2


(Fig. 1).
Microseismic
,
.


,
.
microseism

872

P
,
. microseismic
microseismic

.

Microseismic

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the microseismic monitoring.

,

(Maxwell and Urbancic,
2001; Eisner and Ducan, 2009; Rodriguez et al., 2010).

microseismic
microseismic
.
Microseism
.

picked based method


migration based method
(Bardainne and Gaucher, 2009). microseismic

(focal mechanism)
(Urbancic and Zinno, 1998). , microseismic
seismic moment magnitude
,

(Shemeta and Anderson, 2010).
microseismic
picked based method USGS
Simulps14 microseismic
.
microseismic
3
. P S

Microseismic
microseismic
, microseismic

P
, S P
microseismic

.
P
(1) microseismic
.

(1)

, t0 microseismic , x0, y0, z0

microseismic , n
, ri . ri
(2) .

(2)

, ti i , Ti
i .
S P
(3) microseismic
.

(3)

Pseudo
bending theory(Um and Thurber, 1987)
, microseismic
SVD(Singular value decomposition)
.

873

microseismic monitoring

Microseismic

() .
.

.
1935 Charles Richter
(4) .

(4)

, A Wood Anderson seismograph

mm , A0
(Shemeta and Anderson, 2010).
microseismic
1979 Hanks
Kanamori moment magnitude ,
(5) .

(5)

, M0 seismic moment, moment

magnitude 0 microseismic
.
seismic moment
,
(6) .
M0=S

Fig. 2. Low frequency amplitude and corner frequency in

spectral analysis (taken from www.pinntech.com).

(Boore and Boatwright, 1984). Rc (freesurface correction), Sc (site correction)

.
low frequency spectral
level 0 corner frequency f0

Snokes integral J(Snoke, 1987) spectral
parameter K(Andrews, 1986) 0 f0
. Snoke's integral J (8)
.

(6)

, , , S
, Nm. Seismic moment
low
frequency spectral level 0 corner frequency f0
(7) (Gibowicz and Kijko, 1994).
Low frequency spectral level 0 corner frequency f0
Fig. 2 .

(7)

, 0 , c0
P S , R
, Fc rms
(rms averages of radiation coefficients)
Fp 0.52, Fs 0.63

(8)

.
Brunes source model(Brune, 1970) J
(9) f0 (10) .

(9)

(10)

Spectral parameter K 0
(11) Brunes source
model(Brune, 1970) K (12)
.

47 6

874

(11)

(12)

J K 0 f0
.

et al., 1998).
,
.
moment magnitude
,
, () , ,
,
(Kwiatek
et al., 2008), Cotton valley(Urbancic et al.,
1998) .

(13)

0 f0 (7) (5)
microseismic moment magnitude
. moment magnitude
microseismic
,
.
,
S P
(ES/EP) . ES/EP
20 30
(Boatwright and Fletcher, 1984),

P S (Sato,
1978). Cotton Valley
microseism S P
2/3 (Urbancic

Microseismic
Simulps14 Microseismic
Microseismic
Fig. 3

. 24 20 m
72 , 300
m, 230 m . Fig.
4(a)
5 microseismic
. microseismic S1,
S2, S3, S4 S5 0 ms, 70 ms, 134 ms, 200 ms
270 ms . Fig. 4(b)
M1 230 m
.

Fig. 3. Velocity model with an injection well and three monitoring wells.

875

microseismic monitoring

(a)

(b)

Fig. 4. (a) Locations of 5 microseismic events and (b) a microseismic seismogram recorded on receiver at 230 m depth
in M1 well.

Fig. 5. Microseismic locations estimated by the developed

module. The circles indicate true locations of microseismic
events. The rectangles and triangles represent the locations
estimated by using P first arrival only and by using the
difference between P and S first arrivals, respectively.

microseismic
P
, S
P
P

. S
Fig. 4(b) P

.
Fig. 5 P
S P
.
5 microseismic
. P
, S
P .
P
5.17 m , S P
3.74 m S P

(Table 1). Fig. 5
3
, .

Microseismic

.

47 6

876

Table 1. Locations estimated by the developed module and their errors

True location of
microseismic event

Locations estimated by
using P first arrival only

[m]

Locations estimated by
using the difference between
P and S first arrivals

(300, 220, 300)

(307, 227, 303)

5.17

(302, 221, 303)

1.87

(310, 230, 310)

(316, 236, 312)

4.36

(311, 230, 313)

1.58

(320, 240, 320)

(326, 246, 321)

4.27

(320, 239, 322)

1.12

(340, 260, 330)

(346, 266, 328)

4.35

(334, 256, 328)

3.74

(350, 264, 340)

(356, 270, 342)

4.35

(345, 261, 338)

3.08

Vp=2750 m/s
Vs=1587 m/s

Vp=2250 m/s
Vs=1299 m/s

Vp=2750 m/s
Vs=1587 m/s

Vp=3300 m/s
Vs=2032 m/s

Vp=2700 m/s
Vs=1559 m/s

Vp=2700 m/s
Vs=1559 m/s

Vp=3850 m/s
Vs=2406 m/s

Vp=3150 m/s
Vs=1613 m/s

Vp=3850 m/s
Vs=2406 m/s

(a)

(b)

(c)

True location
Location using S-P
first arrival difference

True location
Location using S-P
first arrival difference

(d)

[m]

(e)

True location
Location using S-P
first arrival difference

(f)

Fig. 6. (a) Velocity model where all layers include +10% velocity errors, (b) Velocity model where all layers include
-10% velocity errors. (c) Velocity model where the top and the bottom layers include +10% velocity errors and the middle
layer includes -10% velocity error. (d), (e), and (f) are the locations estimated with the velocity models shown in (a),
(b), and (c), respectively. The circles indicate true locations, and the triangles indicate the locations estimated by using
the difference between P and S first arrivals.

Table 2. Locations estimated by using the difference between P and S first arrivals and their errors when the velocity
models used in the estimation include errors
True locations of
Microseismic events

Velocity
variation

Locations estimated by using the difference

between P and S first arrivals

(300, 220, 300)

+10%

(302, 222, 294)

3.32 m

(300, 220, 300)

-10%

(305, 224, 308)

5.12 m

(300, 220, 300)

10%

(304, 223, 305)

3.54 m

877

microseismic monitoring

. Fig. 6(a)
10% , Fig. 6(b)
10% , Fig. 6(c)
10% , 10%
. Fig. 6(d), (e) (f)
microseismic . S
P ,
Table 2 .

5.12 m P

10%
.
Microseismic
microseismic
,

microseismic S1, S2, S3, S4 S5

. S2 S1 1/10
, S3 S1 1/20, S4 S1 1/30, S5 S1
1/40 , microseismic
.
displacement
source .
Snokes
integral J spectral parameter K . J K
low frequency spectral level 0 coner
frequency f0 , seismic moment moment magnitude .
Table 3
S5 S1
seismic moment .
40 (S1 S5) moment
magnitude 1 .

Table 3. The moment magnitudes and the source parameters of microseismic events
Event

Location of
microseismic

Distance
[m]

Seismic Moment
[Nm]

Moment
Magnitude

Energy
[J]

S1

(300, 220, 300)

250

1.5232E+07

-1.2115

1.9863

S2

(310, 230, 310)

266

1.1250E+07

-1.2992

1.0590

S3

(320, 240, 320)

283

7.2404E+06

-1.4268

0.4469

S4

(340, 260, 330)

312

3.4404E+06

-1.6423

0.1017

S5

(350, 264, 340)

326

3.4361E+05

-2.3093

1.0187E-03

Fig. 7. Mapping of microseismic events considering the moment magnitude. The size of symbol corresponds to the moment
magnitude.

47 6

878

1 32
40

double couple source displacement source
.
Fig. 7

.

microseismic ,
microseismic
microseismic
. Microseismic

picked based method .
P
P S
P S
. S
P S
P

.
10%
microseismic
25 m ,
10%
. microseismic
microseismic
40
moment magnitude 1

.
microseimic double
couple source non-double couple source mechanism

1 32
.

.

2008

.
.

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2008

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(E-mail; ksunny00@hanyang.ac.kr)

( 46 3 )

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