MAY DAY

May Dinam

nk d

by
K. Selvaperumal
First Published : April 2005

Published by
Bharathi Puthakalayam
2, Kuyavar Veethi
Jones Road, Saidapet
Chennai - 600 015

nf. brtbgUkh
btpL

ghu jfhya
2, Fat ,
HF n#h rhiy,
irjhngil,
brid - 600 015.

ghu jfhya
nahf gid ika
2 Fat , HF n#h rhiy
irjhngil, brid - 600 015
www.tamizhbooks.com
E-mail: info@tamizhbooks.com
) 044-2433 2424

iy : %. 5.00

mR
itif l & g,
brid - 600 015.

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begij l
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bjhyhf Futis UJ
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KjyhJt - Rulthfis
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tfsJ kd bjhyhs
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r_fij khf cj brt
njhL, bjhyhsfis xbthU
Kiw Wbfhs brwJ;
CFJ tUwJ.
KjyhJt Ruliy vJ
eilbgw nghuhlf Kjik
ahdJ,
KiugjJkhf
mikjJ Fiwj ntiy ehSfhd
nghuhlfns!

18M who WY - 19M who

MugY ntfkhf tsailj KjyhJt tf,
ed ghlhfSF a moik yif khoanjhL,
<ufkw RulYF cshaJ. 24 k neuK RHY
bgU Miy rfufnshL bjhyhfis nghol
itjJ. cyf KGtY cs bjhyhf rifah
agld; mJ s bjhyhf vwh
KjyhfSF bfhlhlnk! 24 k neu
20 kneu Tl ciHf gfgld. KjyhJt
r_f vthW bjhyhfis - FHijfis RuoaJ
vgij fhu kh _yjd KjyhtJ ghf
FLstiw ghngh!
... y 12F, 15F ilgl taJs 5 igafis
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ntiy thajhf FwrhlglJ. fg
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G bghJ vW miHfgL bghJ nghw j
l go 30 k neu j FHijf Xahk
ciHf ntoUjJ!...1
xU ghid nrhWF xU nrhW gj vghf jHf;
KjyhJt tsj l, uh, b#k, bejyhJ,
mbkfh, Mnuah vd cyf KGikY Jjh
bjhyhf iyahf UjJ.
bjhyhf tfkh ushj NH KjyhJt jdJ
bfhLfufsh bjhyhfis bkhjkhf Ruo
bfhGjJ. cjhuzkhf, mbkfh 1880 th
bjhyhf M fhy btW 30 tUl kLnk. 2
Unj bjhyhfis vj msF milah
cd vgij czuyh.
1. fhu kh, _yjd, Kj ghf: brR A iunt bl,
brid. gf 328-329.
2. nk d wL tuyhW, (My) nrha btpL, khnfh 1990, gf 13.

cyfsha cyf KGtJ KjyhJt vo

ghj ehLfbsyh bjhyhf
nghuhlf 14, 18, 20 k neu vW X
xr Rulgld. j
bfuhd FufS gntW ehLf
Mfhnf vH JtaJ.
FljfJ yh njha
rhrd afnk.

rhrd af
bjhu fl yh
bjhyhf iy gL ghjhs
UjJ. taJ ahr, gh
ahr yhk midtU 16, 18
k neu ciHf ntoUjJ. V,
_W taJ FHijf Tl 12 k
neu ciHf gfgld.
nrhJ L FHijfSF
rhilaona Tahf iljJ. 3
bjhyhf jifa iyia
vJ 1836 cUthd afnk rhrd
af. j afnk cy
bgUu bjhyhfis bfhl
Kjikahd mua afkhf
cUbtLjJ.
rhrd af MW Ka
nfhiffis KitJ bjhl
affis elaJ.
3. rhrd af, cy Kj bjhyhs af, v. uhkUZz. gf 6.

yh vG bfhl rho af

mt FljfJ 10 k neu ntiy nfhif,

midtUF XLik, ghuhSkw ViH - gzfhu
vw ahr yhk gnf nghw nfhiffis
KitJ 10 yr ifbaGJfis bgW ghuhSkw
rkjJ. Mdh oZ ghuhSkw vjjkhd
thjK ij jSgo brJ lJ.
rhrd afd risfhk jfsJ nfhiffis
tW affis el tjd. ijbaho
ulhtJ Kiwahf 30 yr ifbaGJfis bgW
L rkjd. jF bksdnk gyh UjJ.
rhrd af nfhiffis tW, 1842 bghJ
ntiy WjF miwTt Ljd. af
fLikahd mlFKiwF Msh njh KojJ.
bjhyhf xWgl nghuhl tsJ tUtij
fl l KjyhJt tf bgausF 1847
10 kneu rlij bfhL tjJ. J Tl WtfSF,
bgfSF kLnk bghUJ vW TanjhL W
bfhlJ. bgausF bfhL tugl rlkhf
UjhY J bjhyhf bjhlahd afF
ilj kfjhd btahf mikjJ.
1848 _whtJ Kiwahf 60 yr ifbaGJfis
bgW bgU gF bjhyhfis MfF afij

ela _y, bjhyhf midtU X tf vw

czit njhWj afkhf rhrd af saJ.
af lndhL kL W lhk mbkfh,
Mnuah vd gy gFfSF guaJ.
nj ngh, yl fLkhd bjhyhf 9 k
neu ntiy nfhifia KitJ 1860 bgU sf
waJ bjhyhs afF nkY tYoaJ.

rhrd afK - khLfS

1842M ML Vbf yh cs khbrl
jdJ jijah gFjhuuhf Uj Wtd gah
bfhnl, bjhyhs iyikfis ukhf Muhjh.
bjhyhs FoUfSF brW, mtfsJ Jaufis
ne fL mJ bfhlnjhL fhk, yh
bjhyhs tf iy vw fbgw jfij
vGdh. J bjhyhfis gila brjJ.
1850f khR, VbfR yh UjnghJ,
rhrd afdUl bjhl bfhL, mtfSF tfho
tjd. mnghJ, rhrd af Kjyh tfdUl

rkur brJ bfhltfS, mij vjtfSkhf

uL f njhd. khR - VbfR X bfd
vgt jiyik cs rjgthfis vJ
nghuhLkhW lJrh rhoLfis tWd.
ijbaho kh - Vbf Kaah, f
ufhuf rtnjr fHf cUthfglJ. J
lJrh rhoLfis cslajhf mikjJ. Mdh,
fHf mlFKiwah braglhk nghlJ.

uh-Mnuah bjhyhs af
1830f uh ber bjh <LgoUj
bjhyhf iyik gjhgfukhf UjJ. mtf
dK flhakhf 15 k neu ciHf nto UjJ. ij
vJ ah gtf bgU ntiy Wj
nghuhlij eld. nghuhl mlFKiwah
njh KojJ.
mnj ngh 1834 ah gtf #dehaf myJ
kuz vw nfhij KitJ bgU s
<Lgld. nghuhlK mlFKiwF gahdJ.
Mnuah cs bkngh - nlhah jh
fol bjh <LgoUj bjhyhf jh cynyna
Kj Kjyhf 8 k neu ntiy nfhifia KitJ 1856
ntiy Wj <LgL, bt bgwd. J bjhyh
tf nghuhl ik fyhf mikjJ.
bjhyhs nghuhlf gy neuf dil F
cshdhY, mtf xU tfkhf uL nghuhLtJ, a
nghuhl mDgtij fW bfhL wJ. j _y mtf
a vGF cshtnjhL, sfu nghuhl czit
bgWwd.

mbkfh ntiy Wjf

mbkfh 1832 l fg gaha jR
bjhyhsf 10 k neu ntiy nfhifia
KitJ ntiy Wj brjd. mnj ngh,
1835 yblahY, bgntahY nj
nfhifia KitJ af eljglJ.
bgntah yf Ruf bjhyhsfS,
unt bjhyhsfS Fiwthd ntiy neuij

tW 1877 ntiy
Wj <Lgld.
mbkf bjhyh
f nghuhlf tY
bgw d jfsJ
cikfSfhf nghuhLtjF
ciHghsf ghJfh
uf mik (ie M
nyg)
vw
mikig
VgL bfhld.
rf kL 6,00,000 ng
cWdfshf g brJ
Ujd.
ij
bjhlJ
mbkfh gntW khy
f cs bjhyhs a
ffis izJ mbkf
bjhyhs Tlik vw af cUthfglJ.
af 8 k neu ntiy nfhifia KitJ
bjhlJ affis elaJ. mnjhL nk 1, 1886 mW
ehL jGa ntiy WjF miwTt LjJ .
afnk nk d wgjF mogilahf mikjJ.

f cja
khR - VbfR yh UjnghJ rhoL
fSlD, uh, b#k kW ju ehL bjhyhs
FGfSlD bjhl bfhoUjd. iy 1847M
ML ahs fHf vw bga bra gL tj mik,
kh - VbfRl bjhl bfhL, mtfis jfsJ
mik izgo nfL bfhlj mogil
khR - VbfR tik izJ bfhlnjhL,
ahs fHfkhf Uj tik bgaiu f
vW khd. mJl ahs fHf cWd mil
f midJ kjfS rnfhjufns vw nfh l
bgUjij mf L, cyf bjhyhsfns xW
nrUf! vw ufukhd KHfij Kitjd.
f miwTtYF Vg cUthf glnj
kh - Vbf f f mif vgJ
FljfJ. khR, VbfR Jl fhk, cyf

bjhyhsfis xidF tif, 1864 Kj my

vW miHfgl, rtnjr bjhyhs mikig
VgLd. tik uh, b#k, yhJ,
RryhJ, mbkfh, jh, nghyJ, Anf,
blkh vd cy gy ehLf cs bjhyhs af
ufis csl UjJ.
1865 b#th eilbgw Kjyh my khehL
ufilna ciuaha kh,
...ntiy Wjf kW fjtilf nghJ
Kjyhf bt ehL bjhyhsfis wFk
braTlhJ; vL kneu ntiyjh ntL;
FHijfSF Fiwj tadUF ntiy neuij
Fiwj, mtfSila kd, cl tsF
bjhEg gF trfis VgLJj...4
vW bjhyh tf mfhy iyikF vuhf Fu
bfhLjnjhL, nfhiffis btbwLf cyf
bjhyhsf xizJ ghLgl miH Ljh.
ntiy
neu
vgJ
mJl ...rltkhd
mogilahdJ; Kndw yhk, ntW r_f
Kndw fhgJ mJ... vW 8 k neu ntiyfhd
nghuhlij
cyfs,
bjhyhs
aff
KbdLJ bry ntL vW KHdh.
kha _ytfshd khR, VbfR jfsJ
rkfhy bjhyh tf Ljiyfhf, XahJ
ghLgld. bjhyh tf r_fij LF ufu
mua <Lglhk, jid LJ bfhs KoahJ
vgij mWd.

4. fhu kh thif RUf, v. bjghdh, Kndw ggf, khnfh.

fhnfh
ngbuG

mbkfh ajF tsF

gy yrfzfhd fWd moik
f ujK - rij iz
Jsij cyf m. mJ vW
fW tuyhwhfnt UF.
bgU bjh tsw, ed
mbkfh bjhyhsf iy
vgo UjJ vgij mbkf
bjhyhsf Mkhthf fj
kj n#h g brUgij
ghjhny .
mbkfh midJ bjh
ikafY bjhyh tf
nghuhl Fzfjhf UjJ.
Inuhgh UJ l bgaJ
tj Mufzfhd bjhyhsfsh
Foir gFf beUfo Ujd.
y bgaj bjhyhfSF
tHfgl
Ca
mbkf
bjhyhfSF tHfglij l
f Fiwthdjhf UjJ. ij
itnj mbkf bjhyhfis
fLikahf Ruo tjd. bkhj
bjhyhf thifju f
iy UjJ. ehL KGtJ
ntiyik, g - gokhf
Ujd. miwa bjhyhf
ujhd njitahf buho - Fiwj
ntiy neu nfhifnk UjJ.5

aujdkhd thif RHW bfhoUj

bjhyhsf th kWkyia fhz ntL
vwh, mtfSF nghJkhd X, cwfK
mahtakhdJ. bjhyhf jid tsF,
fyhrhutkhd braghoF, Mnuhakhd
thF gjidahf mikjJ 8 k neu ntiy, 8 k
neu X, 8 k neu cwf. itna bjhyhf Kj
njitahf UjJ. mbkf bjhyhfilna X
tsj nghuhl czit begL, xUizjJ
mbkf bjhyhs Tlik. tik miwTtiy
VW 8 k neu ntiy nfhifia KitJ eilbgw
nghuhlf, fLikahd beUfofSF kY
jfis <LgL bfhld mbkf bjhyhf.

khbgU ntiy Wj
mbkf bjhyhs Tlik ntLnfhshd 8 kneu
ntiy nfhifia iwntwToa Kiw ehL jGa
ntiy Wjf nk 1, 1886 mW ngbuGnahL JtaJ.
bjh efufshd ah, fhnfh, yblah,
, dho, nt, ghonkh vd mbkfh
KGtJ 3,50,000 bjhyhsf gnfw khbgU ntiy
Wj JtaJ. ntiy Wj 1200F nkgl
Wtdf csbjhyhsf gbfLJ bfhld.
bjhyhsf vGf ntiy Wjdh,
mbkf bgU Wtdf ifnghf miwa d
XbtLjd. Miyf ngiur W nghdJ; u
1886 mbkfh U bjhrhiy
eilbgw ntiy Wj

5. kj n#h Rarij, -2.

http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/mj/bl_mj02.htm

10

nghFtuJ jjJ. ntiy Wj gnfw

bjhyhs Ctyf mbkfhit cYaJ. f
kL 40,000 bjhyhsfS, fhnfh 70 MuF
nkgl bjhyhsfS fyJ bfhld.
ngbuGnahL eilbgw MghlfY,
TlfY bjhyhs jiytf Mg ghr,
Mf ig, rhKnt l, iknf th Mnah
gnfW ciuahd. tf Mg ghr mbkf
bjhyhf eif Fj jiytuhf fjh.
fhnfh bjhyhsfSfhf gif xiw el tj
ghr ie M nyg af fbgw
jiytf xUtuhf Ujh. mnj ngh Mf ig
b#k UJ y bgajt. tU bjhyhs vw
gif Mauhf Ujh.
8 k neu ntiyfhd af mbkfh W
bfhL vGjJ mbkf Kjyhf t ia
fiujJ. bjhyhsf Cty - Mghlf
fyff eilbgW, mthW eilbgwh mij itnj,
bjhyhs affis Klfyh vW fdh fld.
Mdh tiwbayh bjhyhsf KaoJ
fLnfhghf, f mikahf jfsJ nghuhlij
bjhljd.

fyfij oa ngh
nk 3, 1886 mW bkfh Ahto bk Wtd
th 3000-F nk
bkfh ngh muh#f
glbjhyhsf
m uL fld
Tlij eld.
j Wtd l neu
ntiy
neuij
mKyhanjhL
15
rjj msF r
gsij btoaJ.
Mdh,
mjDila
yhgnkh 71 rjj
msF
mfJ
UjJ. mikahf

11

eilbgw bjhyhs Tl Mf ig vG F
ciuahdh. Tl mikahf eil bgW bfhoUj
iy, bgU nghgil Tlij KWiflnjhL,
f_ojdkhd Jgh No <LglJ. ijbaho 4
bjhyhsf Jgh NoF gahd, 50F
nkgnlh fhaF cshd.
br efbuF guaijbaho, fhnfh kf
bgU nfhghntrF Mshd. rgtij foF
tif nAkhbf rJf nk 4 mW fld Tl
ell f Jjkhf bjhyhsf lld.

nAkhbf tjJ
nk 4, 1886 nAkhbf rJf 2500 bjhyhsf fyJ
bfhl fld Tl mikahd Kiw eilbgwJ.
bkfh eilbgw rgtF fld bjJ
Mf ig ciuahdh, u 9.00 kas Mg
ghr jDila uL FHijf kW kidnahL
Tl fyJ bfhL ciuahdh. tiu bjhlJ
W ngrhsuhf rhKnt l ngr JtF nghJ,
kiH w MujJ; Tl UgtfS fiya
Mujd. f Fiwthd vif Tl eilbgW

12

bfhoUF nghJ nghL6 jiyik 180 ng bfhl

ngh glhs Tl eilbgw lF tjlnd
midtiu fiyJ brYkhW uoaJ. ntis
ObuW Tl btoFL rglJ; mj
lnyna nk onf vw nghfhu gahdh.
clnd ngh gil Tld J f_ojdkhf
Jgh NL elaJ. vts ng bfhygld
vgJ iwF bttuhj kkkhfnt UwJ.
bjhyhsf ujjh nAkhbf rJfnk
brwkhaJ.
ij bjhlJ ngh gil bjhyhsf tj
gFfY,
LfY
EiHJ
f_ojdkhf
bjhyhsfis jhaJ; mJl bjhyhs jiytfis
ifJ brJ, mtf J bfhiy FwrhL RkaJ.
mbkf ngh if fhj Mg ghr tHF
Jtal, jhnd KtJ ifjh tHif rjh;
mtUl Mf ig, rhKnt l, Mf ,
iknf th, #h{ Vbf, mlh r,
Ma vL ng J fhtJiw tHF bjhLjJ. j r
tHF #] 21, 1886 mW JtaJ. Wfzfhdtfis
rha vw bgauh bghahd rhfis bfhL tJ
WaJ.
rha
mjtf
bgUghnyh
KjyhfS mtfsJ Vb#LfSnk vgJ Fl
jfJ. mgoUJ vj flY ngh[h
btoFil aJ ah vW %f Koaiy.

mahd
gf K ciuaha bjhyhs jiytf midtU
r_f f caj gah tjtf. gifahs
fshf, bjhyhs jiytfshf l ehfshf
bragL tj bghWstf. mY Fghf Mg
ghr ciuahW nghJ, mbkf Kjyh xUt
bgaiu T mtuJ Wtd fWd moikfis itJ
fLikahf ntiy thFtij jh bjhlJ vJ tjjh,
mt l ehfshf jdF vuhfnt bragL tJsh
6. ngh L : j ngh mfh fhnfh muh#fF bga nghdt.
bjhyhs nghuhlij xLFt fzbfhLukhf braglt.

13

vW Fw rhoanghJ Tl fhtJiw mtfisbayh

vjjkhd rhuizF cgLjhk, vgoahtJ
tfSF jlid bgWju ntL vw nehfnjhL
kLnk braglJ.
tH W tHa g, eKila
Wtdfis fhghWtjF, J nghwtfis
nyWtJjh KDjhuzkhf UF vW T 7 ngUF
F jlid, Mf F 15 tUl fLfht
jlid tH Tdh.
ij vJ ehL KGtJ fld fizf vGjd.
Mg ghr kid ghr jDila uL
FHijfis miHJ bfhL ehL KGtJ RW gaz
nkbfhL tfis jlid UJ LFkhW
ntodh. Wfzfhd bjhyhs Tlfis el
tWdh. Mdh fber bfhl mbkf
Jiw, muR bksd rhjJ. d fLikahd
vfSF wF nkY rhKnt l, iknf th
MnahUF kL 15 tUl jlid vW khaJ.
Flgl ntoaJ, rgt eilbgw nk 4 fhnfh
f nghJ 8 ng uL ng kLnk Ujd.
kwtf bjhyh tfij Mfjhf vw xnu
fhuzfhf mtf J tHF idaglJ.

mbkfh fW d
etg 11, 1887 mW bjhyhs
jiytf Mg ghr,
Mf ig, #h{ Vf,
mlh r Mna ehtU
lgld. tf
lgLtjF xU eh Kdjhf
21 tanjahd isP ,
ildik vw bto bghUis
th foJ jbfhiy brJ
bfhlh. f cyifna
FYaJ. ahf bksd
iwF, viwF mbk
fhit, KjyhJt cyfij
fyfoJ bfhnl UF.

14

ghr

etg 13, 1887 mW

eilbgw
W
Cty
mbkf
njrnk m ulJ. ehL
KGtJ 5 yr ng
tfsJ W Cty
fyJ bfhlnjhL,
mbkfh
KGtJ
fW dkhf mDZo
fglJ.

ftd fUiz
fhnfh
ahf
ahf mbkf bjh
yhfis L vG
bfhs brjJ. v
Uj bjhyhs jiyt
fis fhghl mbkf bjhyhs tf
waJ; bjhlJ fld Tlfis, Ctyfis
el muir gJ tjJ.
iy ahd ftduhf bghWngw #h
mb# tHF FJ ukhf kWgyid
brjnjhL, tH KGtuij jhdkhf gyid
brjh. Wahf tH tfSF m
iHfglij czj ftd mb# vUj
bjhyhs jiytfshd rhKnt l, Mf ,
iknf th Mnahiu 6 tUl fJ 1893 #] 6 mW
Ljiy brjh. mtfis Ljiy
br nghJ tH KYkhf
m iHfgLsJ; eh v
kdrhgo bragLnw... vW
Tdh. mbkf bjhyhsf
berf l bgW l
mb#, xUKiw mbkf unt
bjhyhsf nghuhl nghJ
mtf J mlFKiw VtjF
kWJ lh. d t mbkf
mua Unj Xuflglh.
ftd mb#

15

UD mbkf bjhyhsf mFatuhf

ft UJ ahuhY Xufl Koaiy.
mbkf bjhyhsf 8 k neu ntiyfhd
nghuhlK, fhnfh ahf ahfKjh iwF
nk dkhf - ciHgt dkhf eK wJ. rtF
wF xbthU ML nk Kj eh mbkf MS
tfij cY bfhoUjJ. mij tuyh gff
UJ kiwf mbkfh MS tf bjhlJ KaW
tUwJ. mj xU gFahfjh 1947 nk Kj ehis
Rthr ehshf mjJ; iwF mJ bjhlwJ.
KjyhJt tf ufS, mfhu tfK
ntLkhdh nk 1M ehis Rthr ehshf bfhlhlyh.
Mdh mbkf tuyhW bjj bjhyhfSF fhnfh
ahf J, bjhyhs tf Ljiy J
kLnk Rthr UF.

rtnjr ehshd nk d
1889 #]iy 14 mW gh nrhr bjhyhsf
rtnjr bjhyhs ghuhSkw ToaJ 18 ehLf UJ
400 uf Tl gnfwd. Vbf[], ugy
nrhr jiytfshd Mf bgg, a bd
cgl gy Tl gnfwd. Tlnk ulhtJ
my Jtfkhf mikjJ. KjyhtJ my nghJ
fhu kh tWa 8 k neu nghuhlij
KbdLJ brtJ vW, fhnfh ria khehL
fLikahf fojnjhL, 1890 nk 1 mW rtnjr ms
bjhyhsf affis ell ntL vW
miwTt lglJ.
j miwTtny nk Kj ehis, rtnjr bjhyhs dkhf,
nk dkhf mDZogjF ttFjJ.

uZa u - nk dK
#h bfhLnfhik M uZa bjhyhf bgU
JgfSF Mshdhf, tf thif iyik
cyf
bjhyhf
iyiknahL
xUjJ.
bjhyhf 14 k neuF nk fLikahf ciHf
ntoUjJ. uZa bjhyhf jifa iyikia
vJ 1895 - 1899F ilgl fhy Wfzfhd

16

ntiy Wjf eilbgwd. ntiy Wjf

2 yrJ 21 Mu ng fyJ bfhljhf tuf
bjwd. 1896 Vu khj nkij by nk
dfhf vGa W uRu, uZa bjhyhf
iyik FJ thf myanjhL, uZa bjhyhsf
bghUshjhu nghuhl - mua nghuhlkhf vG
bfhs ntL vgij tWd. bjhyhf
8 k neu ntiyfhd nghuhlfns uZa uF
L Kjhf mikjJ vwh ifahfhJ.

uZa u jhf
khnkij by jiyik eilbgw Kj uZa u
cyf bjhyh tfF, moikgl ehLf cs
kfSF bgU cntfij bfhLjJ; khbgU
eifoaJ. uZa uia bjhlJ ah, dh
cgl gntW fhy ehL kf Ljiy ntif vG
bfhlJ; ukiljJ. jF yfhf jHfK
Ufiy. uZa u bt jHf bjhyh
tfij g bfhlJ. Jnt brid bkuh
nyg a mikl jhdJ. j tuyhiw
ghngh!

ah
nk d

ah bjh ts oZ
Ha fbg tUifF
ng JtaJ. Mug grhiy,
rz, njiy vnl, unt,
yf nghw Fljf y
bjhfUnj Mugkhd.
ah Kj J Miy
ffjh 1818 glah
JtfglJ. 1839 mrh Kj
Kjyhf njiy njhlf Jtf
gld. mnj fhyfl ffjh
rz bjhrhiy mikfglJ.
1853 ah Kj u
nghFtuJ gghF - jhzhF
ilna JtfglJ.
oZ
Mahsfis
bghWjtiu jfsJ ruFfis
btntW
lfSF
Jjkhf
bfhL brtjF, ehL KGtJ
Mfhnf vHToa nghuhlfis
iuJ xLFtjF gagLlnt
unt Jiwia Jtd. vgo
UjnghY
yuJt
ah
u
bjhYF
njitahd
yf
cgF,
U gaghoF njitahd
Jiz bjhfis nrnj tsjJ.
ah bjh tsF bgU
gfhaJ untJiw.

17

18

ah Kj ntiy Wj
j fhyfl unt fLkhd gf
4 yrF nkgl bjhyhsf g <Lgld.
bjhyhsf dK 10 k neuF nk
ciHfnto UjJ.
iy 1862 Vu - nk khjf bAuh cs
unt bjhyhsf 8 k neu ntiy nfhifia
KitJ ntiy Wj <Lgld. 1200F
nkgl bjhyhsf gnfwd. Jnt ah
eilbgw Kj bjhyhs ntiy Wj. 1886
fhnfh eilbgw 8 k neu nfhiffhd ntiy
Wj eilbgWtjF 24 MLfSF Kng, a
bjhyhsf ntiy Wj <LgL cyf
bjhyhs tuyh jfsJ gfig g
brJsd.
ehL KGtY khL to bjhyhsf, brf
Nis bjhyhsf, bjhyhsf vd gntW
bjhyhsf ntiy Wjf Mfhnf W W ms
eilbgwhY jF ga ilfhkiy. 1881 Kj
bjhyhs rl oZ Mahsuh bfhL
tuglJ. rl bfhLtugLtjF Kdh
bjhyhs iyik FJ Muhagl f,
bjhyhsf oafhiy 4.00 kF MiyF brW u
10.00 kF Ug ntL. 18 kneu ntiy vgJ
flhakhfnt Ujij g brJsJ.6
mnjngh 1893M ML bgu unt
gkidia nrj bjhyhsf 3000 ng ntiy
Wj <Lgld. mfJ tU unt ntiy
Wjfis cilgjF oZ muR gy jufis
ifahlJ. mj xU gFahf uhQt UjtfSF
unt Uj midJ ntiyfis fW
bfhLF lij mKyhaJ.
1882-1890F ggh kW brid khfhzf
25F nkgl bjhyhs ntiy Wjf eil
bgWsd. bjhlJ oj ntiy Wj kW gy
nghuhlf fhuzkhf L 1891 a bjhyhs
rlij bfhL tjJ. rl,
9taJ Kj
6. http://www.indhistory.com/factory-act.html

19

14 taJ tiu cs FHij bjhyhsf 9 kneuK, bg

bjh yhsf 11 k neuK ciHf ntL vW
rl TaJ. Mdh, M bjhyhsf ntiy neu
FJ bgU bksdnk rhjJ.7

r tHF
tsJ tU bjhyhs ntiy Wjfis fL ma
oZ muR, bjhyhsfis mRWJ tjF, bjhrf
braghil KlFtjF fLikahf KajJ. mj
isnt u r tHF. tH Ka mrnk,
bjhrf nghuhlij KlFtJ. 1928M Mo
oZ muR, ntiy Wjij rl nuhjkhF
knrhjhit bfhL tjJ. mnjhL, bjhyhs jiytfis
rhuiz fht itf mfhu tHF bghJ
ghJfh rl knrhjhit jhf brjJ. 8
j uL knrhjh goj nkhyh neU, yhyh
y#guh kW gyuJ vdh njh KojJ.
UD rl bfhLtUtij ifl Ughj My
muR mtru rlkhf 1929 Vu bfhL tjJ. mj
neujh gfF, gLnfhtujJ ahiu
fhagLjhj btoFil ghuhSkw d.
ij bjhlJ fLfis, bjhrf
jiytfis ehL KGtJ ntilahoaJ. ugy
jiytfshd v.V. lhnf, K[hg mfkJ, .. n#h cgl
32 ng J tHF bjhLjJ. Jnt u r tHfhF.

jHf bjhyhs nghuhlf

jHf RjunghuhlnjhL
izjjhf bjhyhs ntiy
Wjf
mikjJ.

t.c. jgu bgU gF tjh.

1908 JFo eilbgw nfhu
bjhyhsf nghuhl F
ljfJ. 1695 bjhyhsf W
td ntiy brjd. tf
bgU gFd 16 taF cgl
7. Working Class of Inida, History of Emergence and Movement 1830-1970, Sukomal Sen.
8. tuyhW gilj tHFf, tiy sk, miyf btplf, brid.

20

Wtf. mJkL dK 14 k neu fLikahf

ciHf ntL, rgs f Fiwthfnt tHfglJ.
mJkL fbgF RW NH fLikahf
ghfgoUjJ
Rthgjnf
bjhyhsf
ukglntoUjJ. iy t.c.. ut 23M nj
bjhyhsfilna ciuahdh. mtuJ vGf
ciuia nfl bjhyhsf ntiy Wj <Lgld.
ntiy Wjjh bjhyhsf fLikahd ghF
cshd.
Mdh,
bjhyhsf
cWahd
nghuhlF thf t.c..l ngRthij el
flJ. j thuF xU eh LKiw, rgs
ca, ntiy neu Fiw vd cikfis btbwLjd.
J bjhyhsf k jhfij VgLaJ.

Kj bjhrf
brid gntW bjhrhiyf njhd. Fghf
bgu unt gkid, gfh fdho
Y f bgwjhf Ujd. .m.. kL 10,000
bjhyhsf gjd.
grhiy bjhf <LgoUj bjhyhsf
iyik f nkhrkhf UjJ. J FJ brid
bjhyhs rf bghHh ky l bgWs
tfis nf FLtJ bghUjkhf UF.
gfh, fdho Miyf gj bjhyhf
fhiyny nfh TtjF K vGJ, ntiyF brW,
u nfhlh TnghJ L Ud. d
gbuL k neu aunjhL, aukhf vY
nehf, uj Rl ciHjd....
bjhyhf fLikahf ntiy thfgld.
Mdh, tf ka rhghL ilntis neu f
Fiwthdjhf UjJ, btW 30 l kLnk. j neu
fbg UJ gf cs LfSF brW
rhLL UtjF nghJkhdjhf Ufiy.
cgjF Tl aunjhL ngho nghlToa
msF mtf ntfntfkhf rhl ntoUjJ.
bjhyhf jifa nkhrkhd iyikfis
dK ftJ bfhoUj uL ahghf

21

. uhkhrY ehL, . brtg broahU kd

behjd. bjhyhs iyik FJ fojfis thfF
bjhlJ vGd. m J gaD iljJ. ij
bjhlJ 1918 Vu 27M nj bkuh nyg a vw
bjhrfij Jtd. Jnt jHf mikahf
Jtfgl Kj bjhrfkhF. j jiytuhf thoah
mtfS,
brtg
broah
brayhsuhf
njbjLfgld, tfSl U..f., rfiu broah
cgl gy cjd. njhH fhunty .m..
bjhyhfilna gntW jUzf vGf
ciuah CFJ tjh. j bjhrf brid
efu cs midJ bjhfY ntiy ghF
bjhyhsf cWduhf izjd. tf Kj
nfhifna 30 lkhf Uj rhghL neuij mff
ntL vgnj vwh miwa bjhyhs iy vgo
UUF vW czuyh.

ah Kj nkd
bjah Kj f njhH fhunty.
oZ ahnyna Kj Kj 1923 nkdij
bfhlhl llh. mj mogil nk 1, 1923 mW
brid cakwF vnu cs flfiu njhH
fhunty jiyikY, Utnf flfiu
U. UZzrhrkh jiyikY nk d Tlf
eilbgwJ.
cakw
flfiu
Tl
ciuaha
fhunty, nk d bjhyhsf d, dij
a bjhyhsf bfhlhl
ntL. bjhyhsfsh kLnk
nk d bfhlhlgLtjh, bjh
yhf nkY cu bgWthf. J
njr tsF gadF!
vW KHanjhL, brbfhoia V
itj fhunty, bjhyhs trhf fia JtFtjhf
mjh. mf vfhy
lfis sF nghJ, 8 k neu
ntiyia rlkhfntL vW
miwTdh. nkY nk Kj ehis
22

nja ms LKiw ehshf mf ntL vW

nfhif itjh. mJl bjhyhsfSfhf nyg
[h bf#! vw My Void, bjhyhs vw
j thu jiH eldh. bjhyhs iyikfis g
gntW fLiufis, brhbghfis M
z mila brjh jid fhunty
vgJ FljfJ.

nk d
iwa
njit

cyfkakhf NH nk d
njit gy klF mfJsJ. 1886
nk d ahf uj
bgbwLj 8 k neu ntiy iwF
bgU
nfFah
tUwJ.
mnjngh cyf bjhyhsf
l beoa nghuhl _y
bgbwLj ntiy ghJfh kW
bjhyhs ey lf RFwh
fgLwJ. midJ bjhfY
Jjh iyik! mY Fghf
iwa ed bjhEg bjh
fshd, fJiw - bjh
rffnsh myJ mtfsJ cik
fSfhf nghuhL mikfnsh
bgajhf yhj NH, ed s
bkbghU tYef fLikahf
RulgLwd.
J
FJ
rg btahd, u g
nl mif gntW cikfis
btrF bfhL tUwJ.

6 ngiu bfhw bkbghU Jiw

lhl Jthufeh jiyik aF
u gnlr vw jdht
bjhL Wtd brid cs 40
bkbghU Wtdfis MF
cgLaJ. j M gntW
LL
afis
bt
gLsJ.9
9. Decan Chronicle, Chennai, 29 March 2005.

23

24

Fghf 27 taJ Kj 33
taJF cgl bkbghU
tYef 6 ng ja neh
kW KlFthjF csh
kuzkilJsd vgJ
jh. (Fghf kuz kilj
tfsJ FLgf J
nghw nehf ahUF iy
vgJ FglJfJ)
mbkfh
1880
bjhyhsf Mfhy
30 tUl kLnk vW
FL nghJ aghf
UUF; Mdh eKila
jfhy NHnyna J #khf
UgJ mawJ.
J FJ Wtd
gntW jftfis btLsJ, Fghf rhnt
bjh <LgoUF bjhyhfilna jbfhiy
mfUwJ; thfuJ, Uja nehf, uj mGj,
rfiu neh kW kd mGj cgl gntW nehfSF
Mshwd vgij mgygLsJ. nkY l neu
ntiy, bjhlJ xnu khahd thif Kiw, cz
Kiw VgLs khw - rh nghw ed cz
tiffis cbfhtJ, clg kUJF ilahJ.
kW f Knd l neu ntiy brtjh VgL,
fGJ t, KJF t, fbzr, ifuf VgL t
vW gntW cghijfSF cshwd. jifa
af mtfis bgU kdcisrYF cshFwd.
Jjh iwa iy; cik mbkfh, l,
uh nghw ehLf cs gdhL Wtdf
iwF eKila eho m nrh10 vw Kiw
ntiyfis bfhLJ thFwd. J Rulnyna

bgU Rulyhf cUbtLJsJ. cik mtfsJ

eho cs bjhyhsfSF xU ehisF bfhLfgL
rgs 10 xU gif kLnk jifa bjhyhfSF
bfhLJ L, jfsJ Vfnghf yhgij m
bfhwd. mY Fghf iwF I.o. gh vW
miHfgL gy lf eilbgW bkof ouh
, nllh vo, nritJiwf <LgLgtf
12 k neu ntiy vW jukhf kh lhf.
nkfl Wtd tugo jnghJ
brid kL 50,000 bjhyhf Jiw
gtjhf, D y MLf nkY 75,000 nguhf
J mff TL vW FLsd. vdnt ed
bjhyhfshf UF tfSF - bjhyh tf
czit CLtJ, Rul UJ kL mtfsJ
sikahd thit blLgJ nk d NSiuf
flikahwJ.

cyfkakhf bjhyhs iy

10. mnrh vgJ, cyfkakhf kW Vfhga Wtdf ed

Rul tot: xU Wtd jdF njitahd bghUfisnah myJ Wtd
rhj ntiyfisnah mWtdF bt bfhLJ bgWtJ. J jnghJ
bkbghU kW nritJiw bfhofo gwwJ. cjhuzkhf:
mbkfh cs gntW Wtdf jfsJ njitfis ah cs
Wtdf _y bgW bgU bfhisaowd.

fJiw kL, bjhyh tf af

mogil tfkhd Miy bjhyhf iyik f
nkhrkhd msF khsJ. bjhyhf l, beoa
nghuhl _yK, uZa u btF dhY
bjhyhfSF rltkhf ilj ntiy Wj cik,
nghuhL cik, (jHf Maf - muR Caf
ntiy Wj nghJ crkw ntiy WjfSF
j jil cjuit eh mnth.) mtfsJ
thifjuij ghJfhl bgbwLj gntW eyl
cikf - rYiff iwF Vfhga cyfkakhf
_y jfjbjagLwJ; gfgLwJ.
.M.v., .M.v. vw bga bjhyhfis
LF mD L, Wtd bgafis Tl kh
bfhL, mnj ntiyia fhouh vw bga giHa
bjhyhfis f Fiwj rgsF ntiyF mk
bfhL bragL rjdkhd nghF iwF mfJ
bfhL tUwJ. J xU gf vwh, Kiwrhuh bjhyhs
vif ehLKGtJ gbgUsJ. tfsJ
ntiy neu bgUks nfFahfnt csJ. mY
bgU Wtdf Tl fhouh vw bga 8 k neu

25

26

ntiy + 4 k neu X.o. (Xt il) vW T flhakhf

12 k neu ntiyia thF ju nghnf mfJsJ.
mnj ngh ahUJ gntW ehLf g
bjhyhs iyik nj iyjh csJ. vdnt
nkd KHfkhd 8 k neu ntiy cuthj vgJ r_f
khwnjhL izfToa ufu mua gahfnt e
K csJ. tiw btbwLgnj ekJ flikahf
mikaL.
kh - Vbf cyf bjhyhsfns xW
nrUf vw KHf ehSF eh cWgL bfhL
tUwJ. cyfkakhf NH, gdhL Wtdf Vfhga ehLf Rul Kfiuia bja, cyf
t, cyf tjf jhgdF vuhf cyf KGtJ cs
bjhyhf muL vGnahL nghuho tUtij
cyf fL tUwJ.
xbthU nk dij, cyf bjhyhfis vG
bfhs br - cyf bjhyhfis moik yFf
UJ LF vGfukhd ehshf khWnth!
thf nk d! tsf bjhyhs xWik!!
XFf nkd ahf f!!!

F nkil
Va ahf
Mg
ghr,
f ig,
#h{ Vf,
mlh r,

Jiz j f-izajsf
1 nk d wL tuyhW, (My)
nrha btpL, khnfh 1990
2 rhrd af, cy Kj bjhyhs af, v.
uhkUZz.
3 brid bjhyhs rf, 60tJ ML ky.
4 India Thozhilalargalin Thanthai Maamaethai,
P. Vasanthakumaran; Poornima Pathippagam
5 www.Wikipedia.org
6 The History of May Day, Alexander Trachtenberg
7 http://www.marxists.org/subject/mayday/

27

15tUl fLfht
jlid bgw
rhKnt l
iknf th
Mf

28

ghu jfhya a btpLf

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.

FLg
jbrt
grhaJ uhkw
tWik x nk.t. muR.
lhl Nafhuh
muR
by
eh ehf V?
gf
nk d tuyhW
fl clh? iyah?
V. ghyRuka
fl wj fij
v.V. bgUkh
vJ _leif
R.bgh. mfaf
a k bghUKj thj
..j
n#hgh ny r_f Uj jij
njZghnl
cyfkakhf rfhj fyhrhu
jhuh baN
fh mngf rkur
mUz
jH Ukz neW Kj W tiu
nguh. r. khlrh
j...j...j
nguh. ruh
ehL ekJ fiyfS
K
ah oZ f.f idtiyf
kha vfhy
ughgeha
f mif (RUf)
uh. #tA
kyuhj mUf
nguh. ruh
ehlf vd br
. mzhkiy
Augh ntjf ehlh?
V.. btfnltu
Mh
uh. eluh#
kj ah
rhehj rkh
kjK cik
r. ghyKUf
jHf MWf mty iy
nguh. #dfuh#
Ljiy Rjh
lhl. . thdj
fh-M, ngUjh?
nguh. k
M FHijjh ntLkh?
ik tuhk
nuh
uh. eluh#
tWikah, fJiw
eRfgL FHijf
ik tuhk
j j ya
K
cl cWf
lhl. nkhfdh
nAhnahg kUJt xU mKf
lhl. btflhry

29

5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
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10.0
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
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34.
35.
36.
37.
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39.

kdnr bl Z
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bga ngryh thf
tJiw ah vfyK
NuJiw vjF?
bjhrff
fhy KoJ ljh?
40. ey eyka Mt
41. Mjdh fhj br
42. bgahU Rakahij afK
43. mngf - xU kL
44. Vfhga
45. f ufld mW W
46. f ufld bghJs
tuyhW cikf
47. ehLw fijf
48. uj bfh
49. khaK fyhrhuK
50. nk d
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52. Rul vwh vd?
53. j
54. brlg idf
55. Vfhga #dehaf
56. cyfkakhfY jHf trhfS
57. vbwW kh
58. fh difwh
59. kjf ehLf
60. mua vdF oF
61. kha jJt
62. cyfkakhf vf
62. oah mua
63. tc Rnj fgY
64. xU l xU kuz
65. fhu kh Jf tfho
66. f nfhL jG

30

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c. thR
nf. UZz
rhehj

5.00
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v. Fznrfu
v.. ntQnfhgh
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r. khlrh

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nf. brtbgUkh
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nj. yRkz
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r. jbrt
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r. jbrt
lhl. uhk ff
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uh. Jiugho

5.00
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5.00
5.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
10.00
5.00
10.00
10.00
7.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
5.00
5.00