Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

MT S BI TON THNG GP V TH
Giao im ca hai th :
1. Cho hm s
( )
3 2
2 3 1 f x x x = + + c th
( )
C v parabol
( ) ( )
2
: 2 1 P g x x = +
) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s. Ty theo gi tr ca m , gii v bin lun phng
trnh
3 2
2 3 0 x x m + =
) b Chng t rng trong s tip tuyn ca th
( )
C th thip tuyn ti im un I c h s gc nh
nht . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn . Chng t I l tm i xng ca th
( )
C .
) c Gi , A B l giao im ca th
( )
C v parabol
( )
P . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca
( )
C v
parabol
( )
P ti cc giao im ca chng .
) d Xc nh trn khong
( )
C nm pha trn hoc pha di
( )
P .
Hng dn :
) c
( )
1 3
; , 0;1
2 2
A B
| |

|
\
. Tip tuyn
( )
C ti , A B l
3 3
, 1
2 4
y x y = + = .Tip tuyn
( )
P ti , A B l
1
2 , 1
2
y x y = + = .
) d Xt
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
2 h x f x g x x x = = + . Lp bng xt du :
( )
1
0, ;
2
h x x
| |
<
|
\
( )
C nm pha
di
( )
P .
( ) ( )
1
0, ; 0 , 0;
2
h x x
| |
> +
|
\
( )
C nm pha trn
( )
P .
2. Cho hm s
( )
2 1
1
x
f x
x

=
+
c th
( )
C
) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s.
) b Vi gi tr no ca m ng thng
( )
m
d i qua im
( )
2; 2 A v c h s gc m ct th cho
Ti hai im phn bit?.
Ti hai im thuc hai nhnh ca th ?.
Hng dn :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
) : 2 1 , : 3 2 3 0, 1 *
m m
b d y mx m d C g x mx mx m x = + + = + + + =

( ) ( )
m
d C ti hai im phn bit khi phng trnh
( )
* c hi nghim phn bit khc 1 . Khi ta
c h :
( )
0
0
0
12
1 0
m
m
m
g

<

>

>

( ) ( )
m
d C ti hai im thuc hai nhnh khi phng trnh
( )
* c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
1 x x < <
( )
1 0 0 mg m < < .
Cch khc :
( ) ( )
m
d C ti hai im thuc hai nhnh khi phng trnh
( )
* c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
1 x x < < . t 1 x t = khi phng trnh
( )
* tr thnh
2
3 0 mt mt + + = c hai nghim tri du.
Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

3. Cho hm s
( )
3
3 1 f x x x = +
) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th ti im un
I ca n . Chng minh rng trong s tip tuyn ca th th tip tuyn ti I c h s gc nh nht .
) b Gi
( )
m
d l ng thng i qua im I c h s gc m . Tm cc gi tr m sao cho ng thng
( )
m
d ct th cho ti ba im phn bit.
Hng dn :
) a 3 1 y x = + ) b 3 m >

4. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
4 2
1 f x x m x m = + +
) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s vi 2 m = . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im
un ca th .
) b Tm cc gi tr ca m sao cho th ca hm s ct trc honh ti bn im , to thnh ba on
thng c di bng nhau .
Hng dn :
) b
( ) ( ) ( )
4 2 2 2
1 0 1 0 x m x m x x m + + = = . th ca hm s ct trc honh ti 4 im
phn bit , to thnh ba on thng c di bng nhau khi 0 1 m < .
( )
( )
1, 1 1 1 9
1
0 1,1
9
m m m
m m m m m
> = =
< < = =



Ngoi cch gii trn cc bn c th dng cp s cng ( lp 11) gii .
5.
) a Vi gi tr no ca m , ng thng y m = ct ng cong
4 2
2 3 y x x = ti 4 im phn bit?.
) b Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr ca m , ng thng
( )
:
m
d y x m = ct ng cong
2
2
1
x x
y
x
+
=

ti hai im phn bit.

6. Cho hm s
1
ax b
y
x
+
=

) a Tm , a b th hm s ct trc tung ti
( )
0; 1 A v tip tuyn ca th ti A c h s gc bng
3 . Kho st s bin thin v v th
( )
C ca hm s vi , a b va tm c .
) b Cho ng thng
( )
d c h s gc m v i qua im
( )
2; 2 B . Tm m
( )
d ct
( )
C ti hai
im phn bit
1 2
, M M . Cc ng thng i qua
1 2
, M M song song vi cc trc to to thnh hnh
ch nht . Tnh cc cnh ca hnh ch nht theo m , khi no hnh ch nht ny tr thnh hnh vung.
Hng dn :
) a
( )
( )
2
0; 1
2 1
2 1
1
1
1
' 3
1
ax b
A y
a x
x
y
a
b
x
y
x
+
=

=
+
=

=

= =

) b
( )
d i qua im
( )
2; 2 B c phng trnh
( )
2 2 y m x = + +
Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt


( )
d ct
( )
C ti hai im phn bit
1 2
, M M khi phng trnh
( )
2 1
2 2
1
x
m x
x
+
+ + =

c hai nghim
khc 1, hay phng trnh
2
2 3 0 mx mx m + = c hai nghim phn bit khc 1, tc l
( ) ( )
2
2
0
0
4
4
4 2 3 0 *
3
3
0
1 1 2 3 0
0
m
m
m
m m m
m
m
m m m
m

<

= + + >
<

>

+

>

Gi s
( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
; , ; M x y M x y , hai cnh hnh ch nht
1 2
M PM Q c di l
2
2
1 2 1 1 2 1
9 12
, 9 12
m m
M P x x M Q y y m m
m
+
= = = = +
Hnh ch nht
1 2
M PM Q tr thnh hnh vung khi v ch khi
( ) ( )
2
2
1 1
9 12
9 12 1 1 *
m m
M P M Q m m m m do
m
+
= = + = =

S tip xc ca hai ng cong :
1. Cho hm s
( )
2
2 1
x
f x
x
+
=
+
c th
( )
G
) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s.
) b Chng minh rng ng thng
( )
: 1
m
d y mx m = + lun i qua im c nh ca ng cong
( )
G khi m thay i .
) c Tm cc gi tr ca m sao cho ng thng cho ct ng cong
( )
G ti hai im thuc cng mt
nhnh ca
( )
G .
Hng dn:
) b
( )
1; 1 M l im c nh m
( )
m
d i qua khi m bin thin v
( ) ( )
1; 1 M G .
) c Cch 1 :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
: 2 3 1 3 0, *
2
m
d G g x mx m x m x = + + = .
( ) ( )
m
d G ti hai
im thuc cng mt nhnh nu v ch nu
0
3 0
1
0
2
m
g
>

< | |

>
|

\

Cch 2 :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 1
: 1 1 , 1 2 3 0,
2 1 2 2
m
x
d G m x x x mx m x
x
+
+ = + + =
+

( )
1
1
2
2 3 0
x
k x mx m

= <

= + =

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

Hai nhnh ca
( )
G nm v hai bn ca tim cn ng
1
2
x = . ng thng
( ) ( )
m
d G ti hai im
thuc cng mt nhnh ca th khi phng trnh
( )
2 3 0 k x mx m = + = c nghim
1
2
x < v
1 x , khi ta c
( )
0 0
3 0
3 1 3
0 3 0
3
2 2 2
3 0
1 0
m m
m
m
x m
m
m m
m
k


< <

= < < <

<

2.
) a Tm , a b bit rng th ca hm s
( )
2
1
ax bx
f x
x

i qua im
5
1;
2
A
| |

|
\
v tip tuyn ti
( )
0; 0 O c h s gc bng 3 . Kho st s bin thin v v th ng vi gi tr , a b va tm c.
) b Tm , a b bit rng th ca hm s
( )
2
2 f x x ax b = + + tip xc vi hypebol ) a Tm , a b bit
rng th ca hm s
1
y
x
= ti im
1
; 2
2
M
| |
|
\

Hng dn :
) a
( ) ( )
( )
2
1 1
5
2
1 1 2
3
' 0 3
a
a
b
f

=

=



=

=

) b
9
6,
2
a b = =
3.
) a Vit phng trnh ca ng thng i qua im
( )
1; 2 A v tip xc vi parabol
2
2 y x x =
) b Chng minh hai ng cong
3 2
5
2, 2
4
y x x y x x = + = + tip xc nhau ti M , vit phng
trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai ng cong .
) c Chng minh rg cc th ca ba hm s
( ) ( )
2 3 2
3 6, 4, f x x x g x x x = + + = +
( )
2
7 8 h x x x = + + tip xc nhau ti im
( )
1; 2 A .
) d Chng minh rng cc th ca ai hm s
( ) ( )
2
3 3
,
2 2 2
x x
f x x g x
x
= + =
+
tip xc nhau . Xc nh
tip im v vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai ng cong ti im .
) e Chng minh rng cc th ca ai hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
, 1 f x x x g x x = = tip xc nhau . Xc nh
tip im v vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai ng cong ti im .
Hng dn :
) a
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
: 1 2 2 2 4 , 2 2 d y m x m y x m y x = = = = =
) b
1 5 9
; , 2
2 4 4
M y x
| |
=
|
\

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

) c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2, ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 5 f g h f g h = = = = = = , chng t ti
( )
1; 2 A cc th ca ba
hm s c tip tuyn chung , ni khc hn l cc th ca ba hm s tip xc nhau ti im
( )
1; 2 A .
) d
( )
3
0; 0 ,
2
O y x =
4.
) a Cho hm s
( )
2
2 1
1
x x
f x
x
+
=

c th
( )
G . Gi , A B l giao im ca th
( )
G v
( )
:
m
d y m x = . Tm tp hp trung im M ca on thng AB khi m bin thin.
Hng dn :
) a 4 2 6 m < hoc 4 2 6 m > + . Qu tch trung im M l 1 phn ng thng 5 2 y x = gii
hn bi
6 6
1 1
3 3
x +

BI TP T LUYN.

1. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3
2 1 1 f x x m x = + + c th l
( )
,
m
C m l tham s .
) a Vi gi tr no ca m , th ca hm s cho ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit ?. Kho st s
bin thin v v th ca hm s vi 2 m = .
Hng dn :
Honh giao im ca th v trc honh l nghim phng trnh
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2
2
1
2 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 0
1 2 0 2
x
x m x x x x m
g x x x m
=
+ + = + + =
= + =

th hm s cho ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit khi v ch khi phng trnh
( )
1 c ba nghim
phn bit hay phng trnh
( )
2 c hai nghim phn bit khc 1 , tc l
( )
8 3 0
3 3
1 3 2 0 8 2
m
m
g m
= >

<

) b Vi gi tr no ca m , th ca hm s cho ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit c honh :
1
) 2 b x >
2
) 1 b x
3
) 1 0 b x <
2. Tm giao im ca th
( )
C ca hm s
( )
3 2
3 3 2 f x x x x = + v parabol
( ) ( )
2
: 4 2 P g x x x = + . Xt v tr tng i ca ng cong
( )
C v parabol
( )
P ( tc l xc nh
mi khong trn
( )
C nm pha trn hoc di
( )
P ).
3. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( )
3
4 3 3 f x x x = + . Vi gi tr no ca m , phng
trnh
3
4 3 2 3 0 x x m + = c nghim duy nht ?.
4. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
3 3 2 1 1 f x x mx m x = + + c th l
( )
,
m
C m l tham s .
Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

) a Chng t rng vi mi gi tr ca m , th
( )
m
C ca hm s cho v ng thng
( )
2 4 3
m
d y mx m = + lun c mt im chung c nh .
) b Tm cc gi tr ca m sao cho ng thng
( )
m
d v ng cong
( )
m
C ct nhau

1
) b Ti ba im phn bit

2
) b Ti ba im phn bit c honh dng .
) c Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi 1 m =
Hng dn :
) a
( )
2 4 3
m
d y mx m = + lun i qua im c nh
( )
2; 3 A v
( ) ( )
2 3
m
f A C = . gii quyt
dng ny hc sinh xem li l thuyt hm s sch i s 7 v i s 10 .
) b
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
0
2 3 2 1 2 0 )
4 9
9 8
m m
m
d C x x m x m b
m
<

(
+ =


<

:
5. Cho hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
1 2 1 2 f x x m x m x m = + + + c th l
( )
,
m
C m l tham s .
) a Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr ca m , th
( )
m
C ca hm s cho lun i qua mt im c
nh .
) b Chng minh rng mi ng cong
( )
m
C tip xac nhau ti mt im. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn
chung ca cc ng cong
( )
m
C ti im .
6. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( )
4 2
4 3 f x x x = + .Tm cc gi tr ca m sao cho
phng trnh
4 2
4 3 2 1 0 x x m + + = c 8 nghim?.
7. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( )
4 2
2 3 f x x x = + .Vi gi tr no ca m , ng
thng 8 y x m = + l tip tuyn ca th.
8. Cho hai hm s
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
1
4 4
P f x x x v C g x x x = + + = + : :
) a Chng minh rng th
( ) ( )
P v C tip xc nhau ti im A c honh 1 x = .
) b Vit phng trnh tip tuyn cung
( )
t ca
( ) ( )
P v C ti im A. Chng minh rng
( )
P nm
pha di ng thng
( )
t v
( )
C nm pha trn
( )
t .
9. Chng minh rng cc th hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
3 4, 1 4 6 f x x x g x v k x x x
x
= + = + = + tip
xc nhau ti mt im.
10. Chng minh rng parabol
( ) ( )
2
: 3 1 P f x x x = tip xc vi th
( )
C ca hm s
( )
2
2 3
1
x x
k x
x
+
=

. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca

( ) ( )
P v C ti tip im ca chng.
11. Chng minh rng c hai tip tuyn ca parabol
( ) ( )
2
: 3 P f x x x = i qua im
3 5
;
2 2
A
| |

|
\
v
vung gc nhau.
Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

12. Cho hm s
( )
1
; , 1
mx
f x m m
x m

c th l
( )
,
m
G m l tham s .
) a Chng minh rng vi mi 1 m , ng cong
( )
m
G lun i qua hai im c nh , A B .
) b Gi M l giao im ca hai ng tim cn ca
( )
m
G . Tm tp hp ca cc im M khi m thay
i .
13.
) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( ) ( )
4
2
x
f x H
x
+
=
+
.
) b Chng minh rng parabol
( )
2
: 2 P y x = + tip xc vi ng cong
( )
H . Xc nh tip im v vit
phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca
( ) ( )
P v H ti im .
) c Xt v tr tng i cu
( ) ( )
P v H ( tc l xc nh mi khong trn
( )
P nm pha trn hay
pha di
( )
H ?.
14.

) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( ) ( )
2
1
x
f x H
x

.
) b Chng minh rng vi mi 0 m , ng thng 3 y mx m = ct ng cong
( )
H ti hai im phn
bit , trong t nht mt giao im c honh ln hn 1.
15. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( )
2
3 1 x x
f x
x
+
= . Vi gi tr no ca m , th
ca hm s ct ng thng y m = ti hai im ph bit , A B . Tm tp hp trung im M ca on
thng AB khi m thay i .
16. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( )
2
2 3
2
x x
f x
x

=

.Tm cc gi tr ca m sao cho

ng thng ct ng cong ti hai im phn bit , A B . Tm tp hp trung im M ca on thng
AB khi m thay i .
17. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( ) ( )
2
2 3 3
1
x x
f x C
x
+ +
=
+
.Ty theo gi tr ca m ,
bin lun s giao im ca
( )
: 3 d y mx m = + + v
( )
C . Vi gi tr no ca m , ng thng
( )
: 3 d y mx m = + + ct ng cong
( )
C ti hai im thuc hai nhnh ca
( )
C .
18. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( )
2
1
1
x x
f x
x
+ +
=
+
. Vi gi tr no ca m , phng
trnh
2
1
1
x x
m
x
+ +
=
+
c 4 nghim?.
19. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
2
, 1
1
m
x m
f x m C
x
+
=

) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi 1 m = .
Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

) b Vi gi tr no ca m , ng thng 7 y x = + tip xc vi ng cong
( )
m
C .
) c Khi 2 m = . Vi gi tr no ca a ,th phng trnh
( )
2
2 1 x x a a = c 4 nghim phn bit?.
20. Cho hm s
( )
( )
( )
4 1
,
2
2 1
m
x m
f x m C
mx

) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi 1 m = .
) b Chng minh rng vi mi
1
2
m , cc ng cong ca
( )
m
C u i qua hai im c nh , A B .
Chng minh tch cc h s gc ti , A B l hng s khi m thay i .
Hng dn :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2;1 , 2; 1 ' 2 . ' 2
4
A B f f = .
21. Cho hm s
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
: 1 , :
1
P f x x x H g x
x
= + =
+

) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( ) ( )
, P H .
) b Tm giao im ng cong
( ) ( )
, P H . Chng minh rng hai ng cong tip xc nhau ti giao
im ca chng . Xc nh cc khong trn
( )
P nm pha trn hay pha di
( )
?. H
22. Cho hm s
( )
1
f x x
x
= + c th l
( )
C
) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( )
C .
) b Tip tuyn ca ng cong
( )
C ti im
( ) ( )
0 0
; M x f x ct tim cn ng v tim cn xin ti hai
im , A B . Chng minh rng M l trung im AB v tam gic OAB c din tch khng ph thuc vo
v tr im M trn ng cong
( )
C .
Hng dn :
) b Tip tuyn
( )
t ca ng cong ti im
( ) ( )
0 0
; M x f x :
( )
0 0 2
0 0
1 1
1 y x x x
x x
| |
= + + |
|
\

( ) ( ) ( ) { }
0 0
0
2
0; , 2 ; 2 , , t TCD A t TCX B x x M A B
x
| |

= =
| `
|
\ )
thng hng .
( )
0
1
2 , 0
2
OAB
S OA OB dvdt x

= =
23. Cho hm s
( )
3
1
x
f x
x
+
=
+
c th l
( )
C
) a Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
( )
C . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti cc im
thuc th ca hm s
( )
C m chng c to nguyn dng .
) b Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr ca tham s m , ng thng 2 y x m = + lun ct
( )
C ti hai
im phn bit , . M N Xc nh m di MN l nh nht .
Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

) c Tip tuyn ti mt im S bt k ca
( )
C ct hai tim cn ca
( )
C ti P v Q. Chng minh S l
trung im ca PQ.
Hng dn :
) b Phng trnh honh giao im
( )
2
2 1 3 0
3
2
1 1
x m x m
x
x m
x x

+ + + =
+
= +

+

C
( )
2
' 3 16 0, . m m = + > Do ng thng 2 y x m = + lun ct th ca hm s
( )
C ti hai
im phn bit , . M N
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 2
1 2 1 2
2 2 2
2 ; 2
5
5 4 ... 3 16 20
2 ; 2 4
M y x m M x y x m
MN x x x x m
N y x m N x y x m

= + = +

( (
= + = = +

( (
= + = +

2 5 hay MN . Du ng thc xy ra khi

( )
2
3 0 3 m m = =
Vy
( )
min
3, 2 5 m MN = =

) c Gi s
( ) ( )
0 0
; S x y C . Tip tuyn
( )
t ti
( )
( )
0 2
0
0
2 2
: 1
1
1
S y x x
x
x
= + +
+
+

Giao im ca
( )
t v tim cn ngang l
( )
0
2 1;1 P x +
Giao im ca
( )
t v tim cn ng l
0
4
1;1
1
Q
x
| |
+
|
|
+
\