HISTORY

The Internet

FIRST EMAIL SYSTEM

-550 Cyrus the Great, King of Persia, developed the first system to transmit NFORMATIONposts. Seven years later, China will also have a big yours: 50,000 horses, 1,400 oxen, 6,700 mules, 400 wagons, 600 boats, 200 dogs and 1,150 sheep.

BACON CREA TES binary alphabet

-1605 The great philosopher of science Francis Bacon de scribes a way to represent the letters of the alphabet in binary digit sequences, sequences of zeros and ones easilyencode and decode. Several centuries later the whole computer technology is based on this system.

Napier invente d logarithms

The Scottish John Napier discovered the mathemati cal concept that is crucial forcomputer programming.

EARLY CALCULA TORS

-1623
The German scholar Schickckard Whilhel m built the first mechanical calculator with pulleys and gears of the clock. The philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1642 Pacalina presents the scientific and creates its own Gottfriend Leibnizcalcul ating machine in 1671.

GULLIVER'S CO MPUTER
1726 Jonathan Swift satirically describes an imaginary machine of wooden blocks operatedby a lever, which is able to compose speeches.

BORN PUNCH ED CARDS

1801 Marie Joseph Jadquard d esign a milestone in the program: a knitting machi necontrolled by punched cards, which can be changed without modifying the mechanical parts of the machine.

COMPUTER CO MES FIRST

1833
Using the punch card technology, Charles Babbage designe d an "analytical engine", aprogrammable computer for all purposes. Because ste am operation and the fact thatall pieces are handmade, the project fails. The idea follows.

HELLO TO P HONE
1860
Antonio Meucci was the first inventor of the voice communication device to distancethe Scottish patented Alexan der Graham Bell in April 1875

Early electronic
1946/ FEBRERO
John William John Presp er and built the ENIAC at the University of Pennsylvania. Their purpose: to calculate the trajectory of projectile ballistics laboratory for him in the army.Unlike other analog computers c ontemporary process is f ully digital operationsexe cuted by machinelanguage instructions.

1950 The project is called RAND: Research and Development and developed to facilitateexchange between researchers in artificial intelligence.

CONNECTING WITH OTHER COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS

1958 / FEBRERO With the aim of promoting research and technological development with strategic and military purposes. U.S. Establishes the Advanced Research Projects Agency, in whichbenzene was born ARPANET, later Internet.

BORN ARPA, EL ABUELO DEL INTERNET

Someone thinks of a Global Network

1960 / MARCH

The key idea is first developed in the article "ManComputer Symbios is" the greatpionee r Joseph Carl Robn ett klider Lic.

Information packages start their journey

1961 / JUNE Several researchers have developed alongside the idea that information travels in packets. That is, limited sets of data together with the information needed to control them. This development highlights two key characters: Robert Kahn and Vinton Carl.

tying nodes
1969 / AUGUST At the University of Los Angeles begins running the first node, ie the first point of intersection of data. In a way, is also considered the "first servant". In the month of October features the second node, and in November and December as follows.

1969 / OCTOBER First message d is sent over the emerging network is the word "login", "l" and "or"reach their destination but the height of the "g" the system collapses.

ARPANET starts to operate

1969 / NOVIEMPBRE

After several failures, computer network created two years earlier by the Ministry of Defense of the USA made his first successful link.

Someone writes a new word: Internet

1970 Vinton CARF is considered the first person who coined the term Internet.

The email opens

1971 / OCTOBER Ray Tomlinson, the company contracted BBN, idea an email program to sendmessage through the network.

Did the first virus?

1972 Suddenly, the screens of all the IBM 360 begin to receive a "i'ma creeper ... catch me if ypu cannot" (I'm a creeper catch me if you can!). Robet Thomas Morris is considered the mythical author of this virus that leads logically to the first antivirus program what is it called?, Very logical: "Reaper", ie mower.

Comes arroba
1972 / FEBRUARY By perfecting your email program, Ray Tomlinson rescues the ancient symbol @ to separate the recipient's name where you are.

1973 / JUNE The connection across the ocean NORSAR, a government agency Norwegianseismic detectio n of the first European institution is connected to the ARPANETnetwork. Soon after, so did the University College London.

Lists are created

1975 Steven Walter created the first electronic mailing list. That is, the simultaneous distribution of information in the email to multiple users usually share a common interest. A list of fans of science fiction, SF-Lovers, it becomes very popular.

Bill Gates found ed Microsoft

1975 / APRIL Microsoft is dedicated to developing, manufacturing and producing software and electronic equipment. In the mid80 dominates the market for personal computers with operating system MS-DOS. In 2007 recorded 80,000 employees in over 100countries and annual revenues in excess of 50.000milones dollars.

1976

Message from the Queen Queen Elizabeth II sends an email sovereign.

1976 / APRIL Steven Jobs, 21, and Steven Wozniak, 25, a computer design smaller, cheaper and easier to use than existing ones. Inspired by the garden of Oregon where he workedwith some friends, Jobs baptized with the name "Aple Computer".

First demonstration of the protocol TCO / IP

1977 / JULY

Portocol The Transmission Control / Internet Protocol, abbreviated to TCP / IP is characterized by excellent performance. It is the only set of rules for sending data and years later adopted ARPANET.

And tomorrow is Spam

1978 / MAY

Three hundred ninety-three employees of ARPANET unexpectedly receive mail from the computer company DEC invited to the launch of a new product. This is the firstantecedent of later called spam.

Messages charged em otion

1979 / APRIL Kevin MacKenzie proposes to use certain combinations of signs to indicate feelings in electronic mail. For example, to express irony, later, other users incorporate different combinations to trigger moods which ultimately are called "emoticons."

Usenet was born

1979 / OCTOBER Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, students at Duke University, created Usenet. Word formed naturally with the first letters of User Network, ie network of users. Avoids and receiving messages (called articles) to different newsgroups, providing and discussing certain topics.

IBM PC Arrives
1981 / APRIL

IBM introduced the PC. A year later, Time magazine put in place the usual "man of the year."

Minitel comes
1982

This videotext service through phon e networks launched by PPT is France. It is considered the most successful online service until the arrival of the World Wide Web.

Viruses are made public

1983 Kenneth Thompson, the creator of Unix, publicly demonstrates how to develop a computer virus. Something similar make a year later, Dr. Fred Cohen in a speech of thanks on the occasion of a tribute. 1983 / JANUARY ARPANET demilitarizes The military portion of ARPANET formed a separate network of MILINET.

TCO / IP protocol only

1983 / JANUARY Six years after the first show, TCP / IP are the only approved ARPANET, replacing the earlier NCP. Internet becomes a "series of interconnected networks, specificallythose using TCP / IP".

Cyberspace opens
1984

William Gibson published his novel "Neuromancer," where it appears the term"cyberspace", or virtual reality that is into computers and networks worldwide.

First thousand servers 1984 / OCTOBER The number of servers over a thousand. In eight years to reach one million by the endof 2000 will rub a hundred million.

The first multimedia PC

1985 Though born to compete and succeed the Atari game console, the Amiga 1000, created by Commodore, becomes the first personal computer "PC" multimedia commercial success. A Microsoft action 1986 / MARCH Lance shares the market with an asking price of $ 21 per share. At the end of the day, your cash value is $ 28.

All chatting!
1988 Jarkko Oikarinen develops the "IRC" (Internet Really Chat), a program that lets you chat "live online." The first search 1990 Search and find something on the Internet is already a problem. McGill Universityoffers the Archie search engine. Next year comes Wais and Gopher. (The three systems are pre-www)

The text becomes hypertext

1991 After several years of development, BearnersLee Tim improves the implementationof hypertext releasing it for public use. With hypertext you, the user can jump from one text to another related. The most common form of hypertext documents is that ofautomatic cross-references or hyperlinks that go to other documents. Hypertext is not limited to textual data, you can also attach pictures, sounds or videos.

Internet debuts
1991 Vinton Cerf, also known as the father of the Internet creates the Internet Society (ISOC) in what will be president in 1992 and 1995. ISOC is a non-governmental, non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to the global development of the Internet. Linux arrives 1991 / AUGUST When the Finn Linus Torvalds was a student of engineering at the University ofHelsinki creates the new free operating system.

Control starts
1993 The distribution control The address space allocation and management of databases are increasingly difficult. To manage the task, establishing the InterNIC. 1993 / APRIL Mosaic, the first major graphical browser. Moving to Gopher, text-based, Mosaic gets catch on: the World Wide Web becomes the preferred Internet access.

It is now called Highway

1994 / JANUARY At a conference at the University of Los Angeles, Al Gore coined the phrase"information superhighway" to describe what computers do in the future. However, itfalls short. 1994 / MARCH First Spam The law firm of Canter and Siegel uses Usenet t o publish notice of its legal services.Begins as spam or junk mail: unsolicited, usually advertising, sent en masse. As itsname suggests are very annoying to the consumer.

First search engine based on text.

1994 / APRIL WebCrawler is created to track not only text and web page titles. With a very similar mechanism, another search engine called Lycos becomes first to get him commercial success. 1995 Netscape, the first commercial browser. The company Netscape Communications, created by Marc Andreessen, one of the creators of Mosaic, Netscape launches brow ser.

YAHOO
1995 / MARCH Two engineering students at Stanford University, Jery Yang and David Filo, devote many hours to create playlists of their favorite sites. They are divided into categories,sub categories? Acciden tally, devise the most successful form of the early days of the Internet: Yahoo ("Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracl e). Although the authorsoften provide a simpler explanation, Yahoo translates colloquially as "stupid" or "clumsy."

Amazon sold its first book.

1995 / July The virtual library created by Jeff Bezos Amazon sells its first book. In just one month,45 shipments to shipments to 45 countries. Two years later, receives 50,000 hits a number. Electronic commerce is already one of its great leaders. 1995 / AUGUST The First Internet Explorer Microsoft acquired the source code and launches the browser Mosaic officialWindows operating system, which is included. Early versions of Explorer do not affect the leader Netscape.

Foreclosures for network

1995 / SEPTIEMPBRE In San Jose, California, Pierre Omidyar founded eBay with the intention of completing the collection of candy. Note that you can use the site for others to offer what no longer use. A laser pointer is the first useless item sold. Its price was $ S 14.83. 1995 / DECEMBER Altavista comes Altavista launched a powerful search engine.

Cyberspace becomes independent

1996 / FEBRUARY John Perry Barlow, lyricist, poet, for mer Grateful Dead musical group p ublished the Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace.

1996 / JULY
Hotmail This first e-mail service web-based, later will belong to Microsoft

Start a second Internet

1996 / OCTOBER

Thirty-four U.S. universities meet to define the goals of Internet2, a high-speed network, focusing on scholarly communication that stays out of the Internet"commercial". Ten years later, the network consists of 200 universities and fiftytechnology companies. 1997 / APRIL A million sites It records the No. 1,000,000 at crossing the twentieth century will be ten million.

Start the bubble

1997 / AUGUST Start a speculative strong current. Working in the pockets of Western companies linked to climb the Internet. This trend is in sharp rise until 2001.

The browser wars

1997 / OCTOBER The launch party for the new version 4.0 of Internet Explorer held in San Francisco, becomes more visible when the socalled "browser war". The powers at issue areExplorer and Netscape. Given th e huge logo of its rival, Netscape employeesgather ed to display a sign reading "Netscape 72, Microsoft 18" alludin g to their respective market shares.

Welcome Blog
1997 / DECEMBER On his site called Robot Wisdom, Jorn Sweep publishing daily group and decide the most interesting things you find on the net. Although there were already like, Sweep is the first to call this weblog _ (log mean daily) blog abbreviated others. Blog is aregularly updated website that collects chronological texts or articles from one or more authors, the most recent appearing first. Special programs exist to create them.The author always retains freedom to publicly what he thinks appropriate.

1998 / SEPTEMBER Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded Google Inc., makers of the largest Internetsearch engine, who took office just a couple of years ago. The name comes from themathematical term Googol (a 1 followed by 100 zeros), symbolizes the immensity ofdata that can be found on the net.

Elprime opens its virtual bank experts.

1999 / FEBRUARY The Internet Bankof First Indiana offers all banking services exclusively through the network. Other entities will be added later. 1999 / MARCH Melissa attacks One hundred thousand computers are attacked by a new and terrible virus calledMelissa. Collapse services email and mail boxes are crammed links from porn sites.

Napster is heard
1999 / JUNE Shawn Fanning, a freshman studen t at the University of Boston, sent to 30 friends a program created by himself for sharing music files. Within days, ten thousand young people have fallen. The program was the subject of enormous controversy andlawsuits related to copyright and record producers, the program name? Napster.

A knock on the door Messenger

1999 / JULY

The instant messaging software designed for Microsoft for a Windows system, began his long career. Three months later is about to be recycled for its limited success. However, an unexpected flood of users to popularize it again, moving to his famous predecessor, ICQ.

Blogger
1999 / AUGUST A small San Francisco company, Pyra Labs, launched this blog publishing system.Blogger strongly help popularize the format. In 2003 it was acquired by Google. 2000 / JANUARY Rev., no. For months there are fears that the passage of the figure 99 to 00 in the computers' internal calendars leads to chaos, global collapse of computer data. Sin, however, nothing happens. Computers, Internet and the world are continuing.

Burbuja.com Erupts
2000 / MARCH The new Internet-based companies had generated intense speculation and bullish on the stock exchanges. The Nasdaq (the electronic stock exchange in New York)trading above 5,000 points and then collapsing. From this day, the companiesnamed. "Com" are sold, merged or reduced. Many of them go bankrupt and disappear.

The No. 20,000,000

2000 / SEPTEMBER Since there are twenty million web sites: the double eight months earlier.

Wikipedia is born.
2001 / JANUARY Jimbo Wales, with the help of Larry Sanger, Wikipedia started t he project: amultilingual free encyclopedia bas ed on collaboration. Anyone with Internet access can modify the majority of the articles. Come to become the most giganticencyclopedia of history. By mid-2008 over ten million articles in over 250 languages.The word combines wiki Wikipedia (whic h means fast for Hawaiians) with educationin Greek paideia.

The domain of children

2003 Domain is created. "Kids" to describe the sites safe for children. 2003 / APRIL

Downloading music is legal

Apple Computer introduces Apple i Tunes Music Store, which allows download songslegally payin g $ 0.99 each.

A second life for all

2003 / JUNE Born Second Life, a virtual world where anyone can live through your avatar or character. This second life can do everything that occurs in real life? Without the constraints of it: love, work and create art objects, build a house and even earnLinden Dollars, exchange able currency in the physical world. The idea developed byLinden Lab, is very successful: tens of thousands of people move on their SecondLife every day. Attracted by the success of Second Life, countless companies establish business and advertising in this virtual economy. Some countries even install embassies.

Facebook shows the face

2004 / FEBRUARY Thinking of his fellow Harvard student Zuckerb erg Marck creates a social networking site. The name refers to the brochure they received the new entrants, with photos of their peers to help identify them. Soon beyond the university setting. In 2008 with nearly 100 million active users. Facebook allows you to locate people with whom theyhave lost contact and other friends to exchange messages, share photos andcountless activities.

Flickr, I send you my photo

2004 / FEBREERO Although Flickr is a game first online, soon becomes the best place to store andshare photos and video. At the beginning of 2008 had already exceeded two million images. 2004 / MARCH Got a Gmail

The new e-mail service Google provides a free storage capacity: 1 gigabyte.

The social web is

2004 / APRIL He created the term Web 2.0 to define the use of the www that aims to enhancecreativity. Information sharing and collaboration between users. 2004 / NOVEMBER Is the War? Mozilla is published Firexfox. IN the first 99 days get 25 million downloads. This willgive rise to what some consider the "second browser war" between the newcomer, Internet Explorer and others like Safari and Opera.

Digg is presented
2004 / DECEMBER

Digg is a website specializing in news Ciancia and technology, created by KevinRose, Jay Adilson and others. Your editorial is democratic control, as it depends onvotes from users. The contributions are incorporated into the main page once they have received about thirty Diggs, which in this case translates to votes. Digg is one of the landmarks of Web 2.0.

See you on YouTube

2005 / FEBRUARY Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Karim fundanun Ja dwed website that allows users to share digital videos. The facility to accommodate personal videos up to 10 minutes athacne extremely popular and sometimes controversial. Sixteen hundred fifty million dollars to make Googleowned YouTube in October 2006. A month later is considered the "Invention of the Year" by Time magazine.

Eleven hundred million users

2006 The growth of the Internet figures do not stop to amaze. At this point it is speculated that for each year 2015 there will be two billion users. 2006 / FEBRUARY Billions of topics Alex Ostrovisky of Boomfield, Michigan, low Tunes theme song No. 1,000,000,000. Is a song from Coldplay: "Sped of Sound."

2007 / JUNE Iphone Apple launches its cell phone capable of connecting to Internet